78 results about "First-order reaction" patented technology

The invention discloses a synthesis process for 2-acrylamido-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid through a continuous method. The synthesis process comprises the following steps of: continuously and uniformly mixing acrylonitrile and fuming sulfuric acid at the temperature of 10-12 DEG C; performing first order reaction and second order reaction at the temperature of 20-45 DEG C under a condition of introducing vaporized isobutene; and slaking, centrifuging and drying to continuously produce the 2-acrylamido-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid product. By designing unique first order reaction, second order reaction and slaking flow, completeness degree of reaction of the material is guaranteed, the product yield and the quality stability are improved, and the reaction period is greatly shortened. The synthesis process has the advantages of scientific and rational flow design, practicability, product yield of over 96 percent and liquid phase detection purity of over 96 percent.

The invention discloses a desulfurization waste water bipolar membrane electrodialysis treatment method and device. The method comprises the steps of 1, conducting first-order, second-order and third-order reaction treatment on desulfurization waste water, and obtaining supernate through separation; 2, conducting ultrafiltration and nanofiltration on the supernate in sequence to obtain nanofiltration concentrated water and nanofiltration via liquid, wherein the nanofiltration concentrated water is added to second-order reaction treatment; 3, conducting bipolar membrane electrodialysis on the nanofiltration via liquid to obtain sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid, wherein part of sodium hydroxide is circulated to primary reaction treatment. The device comprises a first-order reaction tank, a second-order reaction tank and a third-order reaction tank which are connected in sequence, an ultrafiltration device, a nanofiltration device and a bipolar membrane electrodialysis device, wherein the nanofiltration device is communicated with the second-order reaction tank, and the bipolar membrane electrodialysis device is communicated with the first-order reaction tank. Calcium hydroxide is added and self produced sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfate are utilized to remove calcium and magnesium, so that follow-up material compositions are simple, recover is easy, resource waste is avoided, and environment pollution is avoided.

The invention discloses an optimal method for controlling a mixed model of a first-order reaction continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR). The method can ensure that the first-order reaction CSTR can rapidly, accurately, stably operate under the following two conditions: a transient process that a system is started and then operates into a certain stable operating point, and a transient process that the system converts into the other stable working point from a certain stable operating point. Compared with the existing first-order reaction CSTR control method, the method provided by the invention has obvious advantages.

The invention belongs to the field of wastewater treatment, and particularly relates to a processing technology for electroplating synthetic wastewater. The process includes the specific steps of firstly, conducting a first-order reaction, wherein after the electroplating synthetic wastewater is subjected to complex breakage, coagulation, pH value regulation (the pH value is regulated to 10.5-11.5), flocculation, precipitation treatment and solid-liquid separation in sequence, supernatant liquid is first-order output water; secondly, conducting a second-order reaction, wherein after the first-order output water is subjected to complex breakage, coagulation, pH value regulation (the pH value is regulated to 10.5-11.5), an adsorption enhancement reaction, polyacrylamide flocculation, precipitation treatment and solid-liquid separation in sequence, the pH value of the supernatant liquid is regulated to 6-9, and standard discharge is achieved. After the electroplating synthetic wastewater is treated through the technology, the heavy metal content and the COD content in discharged water are both much lower than those of water treated through a traditional technology and meet the limit value standard in the table 3 of the GB21900-2008 Electroplating Pollutant Discharge Standard.

A process is disclosed for the direct catalytic production of aqueous solutions of hydrogen peroxide from hydrogen and oxygen in the presence of a small amount of one or more water soluble organic additives (about 0.1-10% by weight). Suitable catalysts include nanometer-sized noble metal catalytic crystal particles. The catalyst particles preferably have a controlled surface coordination number of 2 to increase the selectivity of hydrogen peroxide production. The water soluble additive(s) increases catalytic activity causing significant increases in the apparent first order reaction rate constant for the direct production of aqueous hydrogen peroxide.

The invention discloses a flue gas desulfurization, denitration and demercuration integrated device with a circulating fluidized bed and a method. A circulating fluidized bed reaction tower in the device is sequentially provided with a smoke chamber, a venturi tube, a first-order reaction zone, a shrinking opening, a second-order reaction zone and a reaction tower outlet from bottom to top, and atomizing spray guns are respectively arranged in the first-order reaction zone and the second-order reaction zone; 4-6 bypass pipelines are uniformly arranged outside the circulating fluidized bed reaction tower, and an inlet and an outlet of each bypass pipeline are respectively connected with the smoke chamber and the bottom of the second-order reaction zone; oxidizing agent adding openings are formed in an absorbent activator and a returning material activator, and activated absorbents and returning material ash directly enter the bottom of the first-order reaction zone. Through site digestion of calcium-based absorbents, structural improvement of the circulating fluidized bed reaction tower and optimization of operating parameters, on the basis of ensuring the desulfurization efficiency, the device strengthens the catalytic oxidation ability of the absorbents in the first-order reaction zone to NOx and gaseous elemental mercury (Hg0). The device realizes integration of desulfurization, denitration and demercuration through the reasonable combination of the first-order reaction zone and the second-order reaction zone.

The invention discloses an integrated multi-model method for controlling CSTRs (continuous stirred tank reactors), applies to the control of nonlinear systems, especially first-order reaction CSTRs, and can ensure that the industrial process can quickly, accurately and stably transit from a stable operating point to another stable operating point. Since effect of control feedback on the dynamic characteristics of the system is considered, compared with the existing multi-model method for controlling the first-order reaction CSTRs, the method has particularly notable advantages.

The invention discloses a lime-sodium sulfate-carbon dioxide method used for purifying calcium chloride type bittern. The lime-sodium sulfate-carbon dioxide method comprises following steps: (A) preparation of lime milk; (B) preparation of sodium sulfate suspension; (C) preparation of a first order flocculating agent solution; (D) first-order reaction; (E) preparation of carbon dioxide; (F) preparation of a second order flocculating agent solution; and (G) second-order reaction. According to the lime-sodium sulfate-carbon dioxide method, quicklime and carbon dioxide in flue gas are used for removing Ca<2+> and Mg <2-> in calcium chloride type bittern, so as to reduce purification cost of enterprises producing calcium chloride type bittern, reduce carbon dioxide discharge capacity of thermal power plants or boiler plants, and provide novel technological methods for purification of calcium chloride type bittern.

The invention discloses a purifying process of mirabilite type brine by adopting a lime-carbon dioxide process. The purifying process comprises the following process steps of: (A) preparing lime milk; (B) preparing a first-order flocculant solution; (C) carrying out first-order reaction; (D) preparing carbon dioxide; (E) preparing sodium carbonate suspension; (F) preparing a second-order flocculant solution; and (G) carrying out a second-order reaction. The purifying process of the mirabilite type brine by adopting the lime-carbon dioxide process disclosed by the invention can be used for removing Ca<2+> and Mg<2+> in the mirabilite type brine by utilizing carbon dioxide in quick lime and flue gas and lowering the purifying cost of the mirabilite type brine manufacturing enterprises. Meanwhile, the carbon dioxide discharge value of a thermal power plant or a boiler room is reduced, so that a novel process method for purifying the mirabilite type brine is provided.

The invention relates to the technical field of bio-imaging, in particular to preparation and application of a same-energy rare earth luminescent probe based on change of luminescence lifetime. The rare earth luminescence lifetime probe comprises a luminescent donor Ln, an energy acceptor Qe and a linking material Link, the general structural formula is Ln-Link-Qe, and the luminescent donor is composed of rare earth nanoparticles, wherein energy absorption and fluorescence emission occur at the same electronic state energy level; the energy acceptor is matched with the luminescence wave band of the rare earth nanoparticles, and the energy transfer process occurs, so that the fluorescence lifetime is changed; and combination of the luminescent donor and the energy acceptor is performed through the linking material in an electrostatic adsorption, covalent coupling or twining mode, so that energy transfer is promoted. The luminescence process of the rare earth luminescent donor of the probe conforms to the first-order reaction kinetics, and the number of the energy acceptor of the probe relative to the luminescent donor is linear to the fluorescence lifetime of the rare earth material, so that the lifetime signal is utilized, and target detection in a complex environment is achieved; and great application prospects in the field of biological detection is achieved.

The invention discloses a method for measuring a reaction rate constant of a typical organic matter in UV/H2O2 degradable water. The method comprises the following steps: (1) carrying out a static experiment by adopting a complete UV/H2O2 advanced oxidation device; (2) taking the complete UV/H2O2 advanced oxidation device as a static experiment device; (3) measuring a first-order reaction kinetic constant of UV/H2O2 degradable UV254 in actual water; (4) measuring a second-order reaction kinetic constant of degradable UV254 in the actual water; (5) establishing a competitive kinetic model; (6) measuring first-order reaction kinetic constants rUV and r of the UV254 and a typical organic matter C in the actual water; and (7) measuring a second-order reaction kinetic constant of the typical organic matter. According to the method disclosed by the invention, the influences of NOM, inorganic ions and the like in the actual water on degradation rates of typical trace organic substances are quantified, and a theoretical support and a process parameter design basis are provided for actual application of a UV/H2O2 advanced oxidation process.

The invention relates to a system for producing copper oxide by a circuit board sulfuric acid hydrogen peroxide microetching waste solution, and a production method thereof. The invention is characterized in that a first-order reaction device, a second-order reaction device, a washing device and a third-order reaction device are included, wherein, the first-order reaction device is connected with the second-order reaction device, the second-order reaction device is connected with the washing device, and the washing device is connected with the third-order reaction device. Since the sodium hydroxide solution is added, the basic copper carbonate suspension is decomposed into high-purity copper oxide by heating under the alkaline environment, the copper ion is transformed into basic copper carbonate suspension through sodium carbonate with low cost, and the basic copper carbonate suspension is heated and directly decomposed into high-purity copper oxide. The invention has the advantages that the process equipment is simple, the operation is convenient, the automatic control is strong, the copper in the waste liquor can be transformed into copper oxide, and the purity of the copper oxide can be improved.

The invention provides a preparation method of battery grade lithium carbonate. The preparation method is characterized by preparing slurry from industrial lithium carbonate, pumping the slurry into a first-order reaction kettle, introducing collected CO2, carrying out full reaction, then carrying out filtration to obtain filter residues, preparing slurry from the filter residues, pumping the slurry into a second-order reaction kettle, introducing collected CO2, carrying out full reaction, then carrying out filtration to obtain filter residues, preparing slurry from the filter residues, pumping the slurry into a third-order reaction kettle, introducing high-purity CO2, carrying out full reaction and then carrying out filtration; firstly pumping the filtrate obtained after each-order filtration into a decomposition reaction kettle, then transferring the filtrate to a causticization reaction kettle, adding a Ca(OH)2 solution, carrying out immediate filtration and washing to obtain filtrates, pumping the filtrates into a concentration kettle, pumping the concentrate into a synthesis kettle after the concentrate passes through a column filled with ion exchange resin and introducing high-purity CO2, thus preparing high-purity battery grade lithium carbonate. The preparation method has the beneficial effects that by utilizing the advantage that lithium carbonate can undergo hydrogenation and efficiently utilize high-purity CO2, CO2 is recycled in the reaction process and foreign ions in the kettles can be ensured to be removed, thus reducing the production cost.

The invention provides a desulfurization waste water resourceful treatment system and method. The treatment system comprises a buffer pool 1, a pre-settling tank 2, a first-order reaction flocculating tank 3, a primary clarification concentration tank 4, a second-order reaction flocculation tank 5, a secondary clarification concentration tank 6, a filter 7, a breakpoint chlorination system 8, an intermediate water pool 9, a nanofiltration system 10, a NaCl preconcentration system 11, a Na2SO4 preconcentration system 12, a NaCl evaporation crystallization system 13, a Na2SO4 evaporation crystallization system 14, a dosing system 15, a mother liquor collection tank 16 and a sludge treatment system 17. Compared with the prior art, the method utilizes an ammonia nitrogen removal process to remove ammonia nitrogen in waste water so that long-term and stable operation of an evaporation crystallization device is guaranteed. Through use of membrane separation, concentration and evaporation crystallization processes, salt dividing, recovery and recycle are realized. Through a complete treatment process, various types of impurities are removed step by step and normal operation of various devices and stable operation of the whole treatment are guaranteed.

The invention discloses a purification method of lime-flue gas brine, which comprises the following steps: 1) performing first-order reaction clarification: measuring concentration of Ca<2+> and Mg<2+> in raw brine, calculating required amount of lime and sodium carbonate, performing pre-feeding with the lime, feeding sodium carbonate to the raw brine and finally feeding the residual lime; 2) performing sampling and rework: testing concentration values of Ca<2+> and Mg<2+> in mixed brine liquid after a reaction, performing Step 3) if qualified, and performing further purification by utilizing caustic soda and sodium carbonate if unqualified; 3) performing primary flocculation: adding an HEC (Hydroxy Ethyl Cellulose)-maleic acid-chitosan composite flocculant to the mixed brine liquid for flocculating settling; 4) performing second-order reaction clarification: supplying carbon dioxide flue gas to liquid after the primary settling; 5) performing secondary flocculation: adding the HEC-maleic acid-chitosan composite flocculant to the brine liquid for the flocculating settling; 6) transferring liquid after the settling to a refined brine barrel of a salt manufacturing workshop. Compared with the traditional two-alkali method, the purification method has a great economic benefit; the composite flocculant is adopted, so that the purification time is short and the turbidity of the purified brine is low; the flocculant is more stable.

The invention relates to a continuous acidolysis method of citrate, comprising the following steps of: 1) first-order reaction: calcium citrate and sulphuric acid carry out acidolysis reaction in a main reactor and the pH value is 1 to 5; 2) second-order reaction: the sulphuric acid and the calcium citrate are added to control the reaction pH value to be 0.5 to 4 and acidolysis reaction is carried out in a secondary reactor; 3) third-order reaction: the sulphuric acid and the calcium citrate are added to control the reaction pH value to be 1.5 to 2.5 and acidolysis reaction is implemented in a tertiary reactor; and 4) solid-liquid separation: solid-liquid separation is implemented on products of acidolysis reaction to obtain the acidolysis solution of citrate and calcium sulphate solid. The method has the advantages of continuous operation, high automation level, stable quality of intermediate products, high concentration of acidolysis solution and low impurity ion content and the like.

The invention discloses a treatment system and method of landfill leachate. The system comprises a pretreatment device used for removing impurities, wherein the pretreatment device comprises a first-order reaction settling pond, a first-order catalytic oxidation tower and a second-order reaction settling pond that are sequentially connected with one another. The system also comprises a biochemical treatment device, a second-order catalytic oxidation tower, a heavy metal removal tower and a clear water pond that are sequentially connected with one another, wherein the second-order reaction settling pond is connected with the biochemical treatment device. According to the system and the method, biological and biochemical technologies are adopted in a biological treatment part, and an ozone catalytic oxidation technology and a heavy metal adsorption technology are adopted in a deep oxidation treatment part, so that the COD, ammonia nitrogen and heavy metals are reduced; concentrated solution and secondary pollution are not produced after deep treatment.

The present invention relates to an application of bacterial in quinoline degradation, wherein the bacterial is Ochrobactrum sp.. According to the present invention, the optimum degradation conditions are screened, wherein the optimum bacterial H1 growth temperature through utilizing quinoline is 30 DEG C, the initial growth pH value is 5.0, and a shaking table rotation speed is 150 r/min; the bacterial H1 meets a first order kinetic model when the initial quinoline concentration is within 250 mg/L, wherein a first order reaction rate is proportional to a quinoline concentration, the reaction that the bacterial grows through utilizing quinoline belongs to the first order reaction within the concentration range, the specific growth rate is increased along with concentration increase, and bacterial growth is not limited by the concentration within the concentration range; after the bacterial H1 is immobilized by using sodium alginate, a 400 mg/L quinoline degradation rate can be 87.5% within 24h; and the crude enzyme solution in the bacterial cell is extracted, wherein the crude enzyme solution can induce catechol 1,2-dioxygenase (C12O), nitrogen heterocyclic ring is firstly oxidized into quinolone during quinoline metabolism, and then the nitrogen heterocyclic ring is subjected to chain opening to form benzaldehyde, xylene, 2-pentanone, hydroxyphenyl propionic acid and other intermediate products.

Disclosed is a method of seeking semianalytical solutions to multispecies transport equations coupled with sequential first-order network reactions under conditions wherein a groundwater flow velocity and a dispersion coefficient vary spatially and temporally and boundary conditions vary temporally. This invention provides a method of seeking semianalytical solutions to dechlorination equations coupled with sequential first-order reactions, wherein analytical solutions to complex problems such as inhomogeneous media and unsteady flow are derived by combining a similarity transformation method of Clement and a generalized integral-transform technique (GITT), and are verified through comparison with 2DFATMIC which is a commercial numerical program, and thereby can be utilized in nuclear waste sites contaminated with radioactive materials and decayed daughter nuclides and industrial complexes contaminated with chlorinated organic solvents such as PCE (tetrachloroethene), TCE (trichloroethene) and biodegradable byproducts thereof, and can also be widely used in verification of developed numerical programs.