Artificial air-controlled cough assisting device and assisting method

Abstract

The present invention discloses an artificial pneumatic cough assist device, comprising a pneumatic switch valve and an air bag, wherein the pneumatic switch valve is a normally open valve body, the pneumatic switch valve is arranged along the ventilation trachea and is located near the patient's mouth, and the air bag is located outside the body and is connected to the pneumatic switch valve through a pipeline. The device uses a pneumatic switch valve in combination with a simple air bag, and the pneumatic switch valve enables the patient to hold his breath, and the air bag held in the hand can be used to autonomously control the breath holding time. When the patient feels the need to cough, the patient can take a deep breath on his own, and hold the air bag tightly before exhaling, so that the pneumatic switch valve is closed, and then released to form a higher air flow rate, thereby achieving the purpose of clearing sputum in the small airways, promoting the control of lung infection and patient recovery, and reducing the risk of nosocomial infection. The overall structure of the device is simple, the cost is low, and it is easy to operate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of medical devices, and more particularly to an artificial air-controlled cough assisting device and an assisting method. Background Art

[0002] At present, endotracheal intubation technology has been widely used in the rescue and care of critically ill patients. The glottis of patients using endotracheal intubation is restricted by the intubation. Even if they are conscious, they still cannot close the glottis on their own, and thus cannot produce spontaneous coughing, which leads to sputum accumulation in the patient's respiratory tract, which may then produce mucus plugs blocking the respiratory tract, forming micro-atelectasis of the pulmonary lobules or alveoli, causing or aggravating inflammation, reduced oxygenation, and even dyspnea, suffocation, etc. Therefore, it is particularly important to discharge the sputum in the respiratory tract, especially deep in the respiratory tract, in a timely manner.

[0003] Existing technologies mainly use suction tubes and auxiliary sputum removal equipment to clean up sputum. The suction tube technology inserts the suction tube into the patient's oral or nasal cavity to a certain depth, and then slowly pulls and rotates it to suck out sputum. This method is cheap and can remove sputum more thoroughly, but it is easy for patients to get infected. At the same time, it requires nurses to operate manually at regular intervals, and requires nurses to have a high level of skills and rich experience. The auxiliary sputum removal equipment technology is that the sputum removal device applies positive and negative pressures in sequence through a mask or catheter connected to the artificial airway, so as to breathe deeply (blow) into the lungs, followed by immediate (10 milliseconds) deep exhalation (inhalation). The purpose of blowing is to fill the lungs, while the purpose of inhalation is to empty the air in the lungs. The rapid conversion from positive pressure to negative pressure is intended to simulate the airflow changes that occur during a normal cough, which helps to clear secretions. It can make up for the lack of inspiratory and expiratory capacity. The parameter adjustment of the auxiliary sputum removal device involves adjusting the positive and negative pressures, the inhalation, exhalation and pause time (seconds), and the inspiratory flow rate (L / min). A mechanical inhalation and exhalation process usually includes multiple stages such as coughing and rest periods. These cycles are repeated several times or until the secretions are largely expelled.

[0004] It is not difficult to see that the suction tube suction technology requires medical staff to operate regularly, and requires medical staff to have a high level of technology and rich experience. This technology is likely to increase the risk of hospital infection and is relatively painful. The auxiliary sputum drainage equipment is relatively expensive, and the parameter setting and suction time also require long-term experience of medical staff to complete it smoothly. Therefore, the existing suction tube and auxiliary sputum drainage methods are limited by operating experience and the defects of the device itself, and do not bring better use effects to patients.

[0005] Therefore, how to provide a sputum removal auxiliary device with simple structure, convenient operation and low cost is a problem that technical personnel in this field need to solve urgently. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of this, the present invention provides an artificial air-controlled cough assisting device, which uses an air-controlled switch valve combined with a simple air bag, has a simple overall structure, low cost, and is easy to operate. It solves the problems of the existing auxiliary sputum discharge device with complex structure, high operating difficulty coefficient and high cost.

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0008] On the one hand, the present invention provides an artificial air-controlled cough assist device, which includes an air-controlled switching valve and an air bag. The air-controlled switching valve is a normally open valve body. The air-controlled switching valve is arranged along the ventilation trachea and is located near the patient's mouth. The air bag is located outside the body and is connected to the air-controlled switching valve through a pipeline.

[0009] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the device combines an air-controlled switching valve with a simple air bag, and the air-controlled switching valve enables the patient to hold his breath, and the breath-holding timing is autonomously controlled by the air bag held in the hand. When the patient feels the need to cough, the patient can take a deep breath on his own, and before exhaling, hold the air bag tightly to close the air-controlled switching valve, and then release it to form a higher air outlet flow rate, thereby achieving the purpose of clearing sputum in the small airways, promoting the control of lung infection and patient recovery, and reducing the risk of nosocomial infection. The overall structure of the device is simple, the cost is low, and it is easy to operate.

[0010] Furthermore, the valve port area of ​​the gas-controlled switch valve is greater than or equal to 11.8 mm 2 .

[0011] When a normal person coughs, a high pressure of 40KPa can be generated in the lungs. We assume that the patient can reach an intrapulmonary pressure of 30KPa.

[0012] According to ISO6358 international standard, the mass flow formula through the proportional valve can be obtained:

[0013]

[0014] Where q is the gas mass flow rate, A in is the effective cross-sectional area of ​​the solenoid valve, R is the gas constant, T is the temperature, p s is the airway pressure, and also the patient inlet pressure, and b is the critical pressure ratio. During operation, the ventilation pressure range is consistent with that of the ventilator, which is 0-40 cmH2O. Then p s / p f It is always greater than the critical pressure ratio b, so the mathematical model of the electromagnetic proportional valve is as follows:

[0015]

[0016] The volume flow rate formula is as follows:

[0017]

[0018] Where Q is the volume flow rate, p a is the air density, we can get:

[0019]

[0020] The device operates under standard atmospheric pressure, temperature is 20°C, and air density is 1.185kg / m 3 Among them, b is 0.528, R is 287 J / (kg·K), so it can be obtained that the valve port area of ​​the air-operated switch valve needs to be greater than or equal to 11.8 mm 2 .

[0021] Furthermore, the distance between the air-controlled switch valve and the patient's mouth is 10 cm to 25 cm. The air-controlled switch valve can be arranged along the ventilation trachea, so that the trachea connection line between the air-controlled part and the airbag is relatively short, so that it can respond to the patient's movements more quickly, and the control line is short to avoid confusion and entanglement of various pipelines.

[0022] On the other hand, the present invention also provides an artificial air-controlled cough assisting method, which uses the above-mentioned device and comprises the following steps:

[0023] Before deep inhalation and exhalation, squeeze the air bag to close the air-controlled switch valve;

[0024] When the intrapulmonary pressure reaches the maximum, release the air bag to allow the air-controlled switch valve to open quickly;

[0025] The high exhalation airflow pushes the sputum out, completing an assisted expectoration.

[0026] It can be seen from the above technical solutions that, compared with the prior art, the present invention discloses an artificial air-controlled cough assisting method, which realizes the patient's autonomous assisted coughing. Compared with the sputum suction tube suction technology, it helps to discharge and drain the sputum and secretions in the patient's deep small airways, thereby promoting the control and absorption of lung infections, shortening the time that patients retain endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation, shortening the length of hospital stay, reducing the risk of ventilator-associated infection, and saving medical and health resources; at the same time, following the patient's own feelings, the timing of coughing is better; compared with the existing auxiliary sputum discharge equipment, this method is cheaper, and also relatively reduces the experience limitations of medical staff, and has an auxiliary effect on the patient's sputum coughing ability training and rehabilitation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without paying creative work.

[0028] Figure 1 The accompanying drawing is a structural schematic diagram of an artificial air-controlled cough assisting device provided by the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 The accompanying drawing is a schematic diagram of the installation state of the artificial air-controlled cough assist device in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 The accompanying drawing is a schematic flow chart of an artificial air-controlled cough assisting method provided by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] On the one hand, see Appendix Figure 1 and Figure 2 The embodiment of the present invention discloses an artificial air-controlled cough assist device, which includes an air-controlled switch valve 1 and an air bag 2. The air-controlled switch valve 1 is a normally open valve body. The air-controlled switch valve 1 is arranged along the ventilation trachea 3 and is located near the patient's mouth. The air bag 2 is arranged outside the body and is connected to the air-controlled switch valve 1 through a pipeline.

[0033] The embodiment of the present invention is aimed at patients with autonomous consciousness and certain inhalation ability, and an air-controlled switch valve 1 is added to the outer end of the cannula. The air-controlled switch valve 1 is a normally open valve, and the air-controlled end is connected to a small grippable air bag 2, and the air-controlled switch valve 1 can be closed by holding the air bag 2. By placing the small air bag in the patient's hand, when the patient feels the need to cough, the patient takes a deep breath and holds the air bag 2, so that the air-controlled switch valve 1 is closed, realizing the breath-holding function, and then releases it, so that the air-controlled switch valve 1 is quickly opened, realizing a high expiratory airflow, thereby mobilizing sputum. The present invention is mainly aimed at patients in the rehabilitation process, taking into account their autonomy, and also using a low-cost combination method, so that the switch valve is equivalent to an artificially controlled "glottis".

[0034] In a specific embodiment, the valve port area of ​​the gas-controlled switch valve 1 is greater than or equal to 11.8 mm 2.

[0035] When a normal person coughs, a high pressure of 40KPa can be generated in the lungs. We assume that the patient can reach an intrapulmonary pressure of 30KPa.

[0036] According to ISO6358 international standard, the mass flow formula through the proportional valve can be obtained:

[0037]

[0038] Where q is the gas mass flow rate, A in is the effective cross-sectional area of ​​the solenoid valve, R is the gas constant, T is the temperature, p s is the airway pressure, and also the patient inlet pressure, and b is the critical pressure ratio. During operation, the ventilation pressure range is consistent with that of the ventilator, which is 0-40 cmH2O. Then p s / p f It is always greater than the critical pressure ratio b, so the mathematical model of the electromagnetic proportional valve is as follows:

[0039]

[0040] The volume flow rate formula is as follows:

[0041]

[0042] Where Q is the volume flow rate, p a is the air density, we can get:

[0043]

[0044] The device operates under standard atmospheric pressure, temperature is 20°C, and air density is 1.185kg / m 3 Among them, b is 0.528, R is 287 J / (kg·K), so it can be obtained that the valve port area of ​​the air-operated switch valve needs to be greater than or equal to 11.8 mm 2 .

[0045] Specifically, the ISO6358 mentioned in the present invention is explained as follows: International standard ISO6358 was promulgated in October 1989. It is a standard for test methods for measuring flow characteristics of pneumatic components. The standard uses two characteristic parameters (sound conductance c and critical pressure ratio b) to fully express flow characteristics, and specifies the method for measuring c value and b value.

[0046] In a specific embodiment, the distance between the air-controlled switch valve 1 and the patient's mouth is 10 cm to 25 cm. The air-controlled switch valve 1 can be arranged along the ventilation trachea 3. The position of the lung 4 is also shown in the figure. The installation position and installation state are as follows: Figure 2As shown, the air tube connection line between the air control part and the air bag is relatively short, so that it can respond to the patient's movements more quickly. At the same time, the control line is short to avoid confusion and entanglement of various pipelines.

[0047] On the other hand, see Appendix Figure 3 The embodiment of the present invention also discloses an artificial air-controlled cough assisting method, which uses the above-mentioned device and includes the following steps:

[0048] S1: Before deep inhalation and exhalation, squeeze the air bag to close the air-controlled switch valve;

[0049] S2: When the intrapulmonary pressure reaches the maximum, release the air bag to open the air-controlled switch valve quickly;

[0050] S3: The high exhalation airflow pushes out the sputum, completing an assisted expectoration.

[0051] In summary, the artificial air-controlled cough assist device disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0052] 1. The air-controlled switch valve is combined with a simple air bag. The air-controlled switch valve enables the patient to hold his breath. The air bag held in the hand controls the breath-holding time autonomously. When the patient feels the need to cough, the patient can take a deep breath on his own and hold the air bag tightly before exhaling to close the air-controlled switch valve and then release it to form a higher air flow rate, thereby achieving the purpose of clearing sputum, especially sputum in deep and small airways (this cannot be achieved by ordinary sputum suction operation). The overall structure of the device is simple;

[0053] 2. It realizes the patient's autonomous assisted coughing. Compared with the sputum suction tube suction technology, it has a lower risk of infection. At the same time, it follows the patient's own feelings and has a better grasp of the coughing timing. Compared with auxiliary sputum removal equipment, it is cheaper and reduces the experience restrictions of medical staff. It also assists the patient's ability to cough and the recovery of respiratory muscle strength;

[0054] 3. The device can train the patient's ability to cough up sputum, which helps to cough up and drain deep sputum. Compared with the suction operation of general nurses, the sputum can be discharged more safely and thoroughly, thereby promoting the control and absorption of lung infection, shortening the time that patients retain endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation, shortening the length of hospital stay, reducing the risk of ventilator-associated infection, saving medical and health resources, and having significant social benefits.

[0055] In this specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the embodiments can be referred to each other. For the device disclosed in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the method part.

[0056] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. An artificial air-controlled cough assist device, characterized in that: The invention comprises an air-controlled switch valve (1) and an air bag (2), wherein the air-controlled switch valve (1) is a normally open valve body, the air-controlled switch valve (1) is arranged along a ventilation trachea (3) and is located near a patient's mouth, and the air bag (2) is located outside the body and is connected to the air-controlled switch valve (1) through a pipeline; Working under standard atmospheric pressure, the valve port area of ​​the gas-controlled switch valve (1) is greater than or equal to 11.8 mm 2 ; Among them, A in is the valve port area of ​​the gas-operated switch valve, R is the gas constant, T is the temperature, p s is the pressure in the airway, b is the critical pressure ratio, and Q is the volume flow rate.

2. The artificial air-controlled cough assist device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance between the air-controlled switch valve (1) and the patient's mouth is 10 cm to 25 cm.

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