A spiral drying and carbonization integrated device and a method for treating sludge

Abstract

A spiral drying and carbonization integrated equipment and a method for sludge treatment. The equipment is a vertical sludge drying and carbonization integrated equipment, which is composed of a drying furnace body, a carbonization furnace body and a discharge bin; a fixed rod from top to bottom is arranged inside the equipment, and a spiral conveyor belt and a breaking rod are installed on the fixed rod, the spiral conveyor belt plays the role of conveying sludge, and the breaking rod plays the role of breaking up the sludge; a heating device is arranged on the outer wall surface of the equipment, and the heating port of the heating device is located on one side of the equipment; the heating device makes the temperature inside the equipment have a gradient change, and the hot air flow in the equipment circulates internally. The present invention can be used for the carbonization treatment of three major types of sludge: sludge from domestic sewage treatment plants; sludge from water dredging; industrial sludge such as food sludge, printing and dyeing sludge, and papermaking sludge. The present invention also has an incineration mode: the above-mentioned sludge can also be incinerated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of sludge and biomass treatment, and in particular to a spiral drying and carbonization integrated device and a method for sludge pyrolysis. Background Art

[0002] The sewage treatment process will produce a large amount of waste sludge, which contains a large amount of organic matter, heavy metals, phosphorus, pathogens, insect eggs and other substances. If not properly disposed of, the waste sludge will further pollute and damage the environment.

[0003] Traditional sludge treatment and disposal methods include ocean dumping, landfill and sludge incineration. However, these methods of sludge treatment and disposal all have secondary pollution problems: ocean dumping and landfilling cause the release of harmful substances contained in the sludge; landfilling occupies a large area; sludge incineration produces a large amount of toxic and harmful gases, and the large amount of heat source required greatly increases the sludge cost.

[0004] The preparation of biochar by carbonization of sludge is considered to be an excellent sludge treatment method. Sludge carbonization can effectively crack organic matter, solidify heavy metals and nutrients, kill bacteria and insect eggs, etc. The biochar formed after carbonization does not cause secondary pollution during use. Invention patent CN1123181129A discloses a method for preparing biochar from sludge in urban sewage treatment plants. The biochar produced by pyrolysis of sludge under anaerobic conditions can be used for composting and soil remediation. The appropriate addition of biomass can reduce the viscosity of sludge, increase the organic matter content of sludge biochar, and effectively reduce the odor generated during the sludge carbonization process. Invention patents CN1112311532A, CN128119810510A, CN128111282A, CN1231138002A, etc. all describe methods for preparing biochar by carbonizing biomass. Invention patent CN1111009885A discloses a device for drying and distilling sludge and garden waste. However, there is still a lack of devices and methods for preparing composite biochar by burning sludge with biomass, and the feasibility of burning sludge with biomass in actual operation has not been proposed. Utility models CN212911219U, CN2122109221U and invention patent CN111904339A, etc. all disclose drum-type (rotary kiln) sludge carbonization devices, but drum-type carbonization furnaces all have problems with long-term operation stability and leakage of odorous waste gas. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a spiral drying and carbonization integrated equipment, which can dry and carbonize waste sludge and waste biomass, can operate stably at high temperature for a long time, and can also consider the utilization or treatment of odorous exhaust gas.

[0006] The present invention realizes the coordinated drying and carbonization of waste sludge and waste biomass, the drying temperature is about 105°C, the carbonization temperature is 300°C~600°C, the drying and carbonization time is 1~2 hours, and while simultaneously treating two kinds of waste, the biochar produced after treatment can also be utilized as a resource, and the biomass is added to the sludge for carbonization, which can also effectively improve the performance of the biochar. The present invention adds waste biomass to the sludge, which can effectively reduce the viscosity of the sludge and is conducive to the subsequent drying and carbonization process of the sludge. The present invention adds waste biomass to the sludge, which can effectively improve the biochar yield and increase the calorific value of the biochar. The present invention abandons the setting of the rotary kiln, adopts a vertical furnace body and a spiral conveyor belt to carbonize the sludge, and can operate stably and continuously for a long time without interruption. The vertical structure of the present invention plays the role of internal circulation of heat, so that the present invention has high thermal efficiency, thereby reducing investment and operating costs. The present invention is a vertical furnace body. Through the continuous operation of the spiral conveyor belt, the process of continuous feeding, continuous carbonization, and continuous discharging is realized, ensuring the continuity of the long-term high-temperature operation of the equipment and the full utilization of the high temperature of the furnace chamber. The dispersing effect of the dispersing rod makes the sludge evenly heated, reducing the reaction time, and the dispersing granulation makes the carbonization more thorough. The present invention transmits the temperature of the carbonization furnace through a temperature sensor, and controls the number of opening and closing and the combustion power of multiple burners through a central control system, which plays a role in the temperature control of the furnace chamber of the spiral drying and carbonization integrated equipment with precise temperature control. The temperature can be adjusted up and down and monitored as needed to make full use of heat. The burner of the present invention is arranged outside the furnace and is easy to maintain. The inner wall of the furnace body of the present invention has been specially treated and has corrosion resistance. Therefore, the present invention can be used for the carbonization of corrosive sludge such as industrial sludge and food sludge. The present invention adopts a central control system to automatically control the feeding and discharging, equipment startup and operation, temperature, etc.

[0007] The present invention can be used for the carbonization treatment of three types of sludge: domestic sewage treatment plant sludge; water dredging sludge; food sludge, printing and dyeing sludge, papermaking sludge and other industrial sludge. The present invention also has an incineration mode: the above sludge can also be incinerated.

[0008] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0009] A spiral drying and carbonization integrated equipment, characterized in that the integrated equipment is mainly composed of a drying furnace body, a carbonizing furnace body and a discharge bin, a fixed rod is arranged from top to bottom inside the equipment, a spiral conveyor belt and a breaking rod are installed on the fixed rod, the spiral conveyor belt plays the role of conveying sludge, and the breaking rod plays the role of breaking up the sludge; a heating device is arranged on the outer wall surface of the equipment, and the heating port of the heating device is located on one side of the drying furnace body and the carbonizing furnace body; the heating device makes the temperature inside the carbonizing furnace body have a gradient change, and the hot air flow in the equipment circulates internally.

[0010] Furthermore, the drying furnace body and the carbonizing furnace body are cylindrical cavities with a diameter of 3-5 m and a height of 3-10 m; the discharge bin is a conical cavity with a diameter of 3-5 m, corresponding to the diameter of the drying furnace body and the carbonizing furnace body, and a height of 1-2 m; the drying furnace body, the carbonizing furnace body and the discharge bin are fixedly and sealedly connected by a sealing connection clamp; after the drying furnace body, the carbonizing furnace body and the discharge bin are fixedly and sealedly connected, they are supported to stand by a support frame.

[0011] Furthermore, a fixed rod is arranged from top to bottom inside the equipment, and a spiral conveyor belt is installed from top to bottom on the fixed rod; the width of the spiral conveyor belt is set to 1~2 m according to the diameter of the drying furnace body and the carbonizing furnace body; the spacing between the upper and lower layers of the spiral conveyor belt can be set to 20~60 cm according to demand; the spiral conveyor belt can be driven to rotate by a conveying driver to convey the sludge downward; a plurality of breaking rods are installed on the fixed rod; the breaking rods are 1~2 m long, corresponding to the width of the spiral conveyor belt; the breaking rods can be driven to rotate by a rotating driver to break up and granulate the sludge.

[0012] Furthermore, the heating device is a burner, a stainless steel electric heating tube, a ceramic electric heater or a graphene heater.

[0013] Furthermore, a temperature sensor is provided in the equipment cavity; the temperature sensor is installed on one side of the drying furnace body and the carbonization furnace body.

[0014] Furthermore, it also includes a central control system, which is electrically connected to the transmission driver temperature sensor and the heating device through the central control system connecting line, and is used to collect temperature data and control the opening and closing and power of the transmission driver, the rotating driver and the heating device; the central control system controls the opening and closing and power of the transmission driver, and then controls the opening and closing and power of the spiral conveyor belt, and adjusts the drying and carbonization time of the sludge-biomass mixture; the central control system controls the opening and closing and combustion power of the heating device, and adjusts the drying temperature, carbonization temperature and temperature gradient in the drying furnace body and the carbonization furnace body.

[0015] Furthermore, it also includes a feed port and a discharge port; the feed port is a square with a side length of 20 cm to 100 cm; the sludge-biomass mixture enters the carbonization furnace through the feed port; the size of the feed port can be designed according to the feed amount of the sludge-biomass mixture to be carbonized; the discharge port is a circle with a diameter of 20 cm to 100 cm; the composite biochar formed after carbonization is discharged from the equipment through the discharge port; the size of the discharge port can be designed according to the amount of composite biochar after carbonization.

[0016] Furthermore, the drying furnace body includes a feed inlet, a drying furnace cavity, a drying furnace cavity heating device installation port and a drying furnace cavity temperature sensor installation port; the feed inlet is arranged at the upper edge of the drying furnace cavity; the drying furnace cavity heating device installation port is arranged at one side of the drying furnace cavity, and the heating device installation port is a circle with a diameter of 50 cm to 150 cm; the drying furnace cavity temperature sensor installation port is arranged at one side of the drying furnace cavity, and the temperature sensor installation port is a circle with a diameter of 2 cm to 5 cm.

[0017] Furthermore, the carbonization furnace body includes a carbonization furnace chamber, a carbonization furnace chamber heating device installation port and a carbonization furnace chamber temperature sensor installation port; the carbonization furnace chamber heating device installation port is arranged on one side of the carbonization furnace chamber, and the heating device installation port is a circle with a diameter of 50 cm to 150 cm; the carbonization furnace chamber temperature sensor installation port is arranged on one side of the carbonization furnace chamber, and the temperature sensor installation port is a circle with a diameter of 2 cm to 5 cm.

[0018] Furthermore, the discharge bin includes a discharge port, a discharge cone cavity and a fixing rod fixing device; the discharge cone cavity is an inverted cone cavity; the discharge port is arranged on one side of the discharge cone cavity; and the fixing rod fixing device is arranged at the bottom of the discharge cone cavity.

[0019] Furthermore, the rotary driver comprises a transmission main unit, a main unit transmission belt, a transmission main wheel, a secondary transmission belt and a transmission secondary wheel; the main unit transmission belt is installed between the transmission main unit and the transmission main wheel, and the transmission main unit drives the transmission main wheel to rotate through the main unit transmission belt; the secondary transmission belt is installed between the transmission main wheel and the transmission secondary wheel, and the transmission main wheel drives the transmission secondary wheel to rotate through the secondary transmission belt; the spiral conveyor belt is installed on the rotating secondary wheel; the transmission main wheel drives the secondary transmission belt and the transmission secondary wheel to move, and then drives the spiral conveyor belt to transmit; the transmission main unit is a motor.

[0020] Furthermore, the scattering rod comprises a scattering main rod, a scattering auxiliary rod and a scattering secondary rod; one end of the scattering main rod is connected to the fixed rod, and the length is 1-2 m; the scattering auxiliary rod is installed on the scattering main rod, and the length is 0.5-1 m; the scattering secondary rod is installed on the scattering auxiliary rod, and the length is 10-20 cm;

[0021] Furthermore, the breaking rod is movably connected to the fixed rod, and is provided with a rotating belt, which is connected to a rotating driver; the breaking rod can be driven to rotate by the rotating belt.

[0022] Furthermore, the feed port includes a feed bin, a feed upper flap and a feed lower gate; the feed upper flap is arranged at the top of the feed bin, and the feed lower gate is arranged at the bottom of the feed bin.

[0023] Furthermore, the feed port includes a discharge storage bin, a discharge upper gate and a discharge lower flap; the discharge upper gate is arranged at the top of the discharge storage bin, and the discharge lower flap is arranged at the bottom of the discharge storage bin.

[0024] Furthermore, the entire device is made of 316 stainless steel.

[0025] The device is in an oxygen-deficient state, and the sludge-biomass mixture is placed in a precisely temperature-controlled spiral drying and carbonization integrated device, and is conveyed from top to bottom by a spiral conveyor belt, and the sludge is broken up in coordination with a breaking rod; the drying furnace body dries the sludge, and the carbonization furnace body carbonizes the dried sludge; the carbonization furnace body simultaneously performs pyrolysis using a pyrolysis method with a gradient temperature change in the device; the temperature difference between two adjacent layers of spiral conveyor belts in the device is 10°C to 50°C, and the temperature of the lower layer is higher than that of the upper layer.

[0026] The vertical structure of the present invention can make full use of heat. The hot air flow with higher temperature in the carbonization furnace body flows upward to dry the sludge in the drying equipment. The dried sludge enters the carbonization furnace body for carbonization. The heating device makes the temperature in the carbonization furnace body have a gradient change. The hot air flow in the equipment circulates internally. The sludge on the top conveyor belt is pyrolyzed at the lowest temperature and then conveyed to the next layer. The sludge in the next layer with higher temperature is continuously heated.

[0027] A method for using a spiral drying and carbonization integrated device for sludge-biomass co-pyrolysis comprises the following steps:

[0028] (1) Before carbonization, the drying furnace body and the carbonization furnace body are preheated, and then the central control system starts and closes the burner and adjusts the power according to the temperature of the drying and carbonization processes. The burners on each layer are heated at the same time, and the temperature sensor monitors the temperature of each layer in real time; the drying furnace body is controlled to have a temperature of 105±5°C; the carbonization furnace body controls the temperature of the bottom layer to be the target carbonization temperature, which decreases by 10°C~50°C layer by layer from bottom to top, forming a temperature gradient in the furnace; the specific steps of preheating the carbonization furnace body are: preheating for 20~80min, and the preheating temperature is 300°C~600°C;

[0029] (2) After the drying furnace body and the carbonizing furnace body reach the required temperature for drying and carbonization, the upper feed flap is opened, the lower feed gate is closed, and the sludge-biomass mixture enters the feed bin for temporary storage; then the upper feed flap is closed, the lower feed flap is opened, and the sludge-biomass mixture enters the drying furnace body from the feed port and falls onto the spiral conveyor belt; in the sludge-biomass mixture, the biomass accounts for 1% to 2% of the total weight of the mixture; the biomass includes one or more of leaves, tea residues, sawdust, bagasse or water hyacinth; the spiral conveyor belt is driven by a rotating driver and a fixed rod to convey the sludge-biomass mixture to dry the sludge-biomass mixture;

[0030] (3) After drying, the sludge-biomass mixture enters the carbonization furnace along the spiral conveyor belt, first undergoes low-temperature carbonization in the upper layer, and then gradually enters the middle and lower layers for high-temperature carbonization. Due to the existence of the temperature gradient in the carbonization furnace, the hot air flow generated increases the carbonization efficiency of the sludge-biomass mixture; the waste heat gas after carbonization flows upward to compensate the temperature of the drying furnace body, thus playing the role of waste heat utilization;

[0031] (4) The temperature sensor monitors the temperature inside the drying furnace and the carbonizing furnace in real time, and feeds back to the central control system in real time. The central control system controls the temperature inside the drying furnace and the carbonizing furnace in real time to stabilize it within the target temperature by regulating the burner;

[0032] (5) The biochar formed after carbonization enters the discharge bin, the upper gate of the discharge is opened, and the carbonized composite biochar enters the discharge storage bin for temporary storage; the upper gate of the discharge is closed, the lower flap of the discharge is opened, and the composite biochar temporarily stored in the discharge storage bin is discharged from the discharge bin for further utilization.

[0033] In the above method, the sludge is one or more of industrial sludge and domestic sludge.

[0034] In the above method, the industrial sludge includes one or more of printing and dyeing sludge, washing water sludge, food industry sludge, papermaking sludge, high-concentration wastewater treatment sludge, electroplating sludge or garbage leachate sludge.

[0035] In the above method, the domestic sludge includes one or more of domestic sewage treatment plant sludge or river dredging sludge.

[0036] The precise temperature-controlled spiral drying and carbonization integrated equipment of the present invention does not require a drying stage during use, and the two furnace bodies can be directly used as carbonization furnace bodies to perform a single carbonization process.

[0037] The precise temperature-controlled spiral drying and carbonization integrated equipment of the present invention can be used as an incinerator by opening the feed port and the discharge port during use, and can be mixed with air to form an aerobic environment to incinerate solid wastes such as sludge.

[0038] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0039] 1. The present invention adds biomass (leaves, tea residues, sawdust, bagasse, water hyacinth, etc.) into sludge, which can effectively reduce the viscosity of the sludge, is beneficial to the subsequent carbonization process of the sludge, and improves the biochar yield, increases the calorific value of the biochar, and can also reduce the odor generated during the sludge carbonization process.

[0040] 2. The present invention abandons the setting of traditional rotary kiln and adopts vertical furnace body and spiral conveyor belt to carbonize sludge, which can greatly solve the problems of equipment deformation, rapid aging and collapse caused by long-term high-temperature operation of equipment. The vertical furnace body setting can operate stably and continuously for a long time under high temperature conditions.

[0041] 3. The vertical structure of the present invention plays the role of internal circulation of heat, so that the present invention has high thermal efficiency, and the number of burners and temperature sensors can be selected according to the actual required equipment size; multiple burners can effectively control the temperature gradient formed in each layer of the furnace cavity, and the multi-layer spiral conveyor belt reacts step by step, making the carbonization more thorough. The waste heat generated by carbonization can also be used in the drying furnace body to dry the sludge biomass mixture, saving energy while improving work efficiency.

[0042] 4. The burner and other components of the present invention are arranged outside the furnace, which is convenient for maintenance; and the inner wall of the furnace body is specially treated to have corrosion resistance, so the present invention can be used for carbonization of corrosive sludge such as industrial sludge and food sludge.

[0043] 5. The present invention adopts a central control system to automatically control the material input and output, automatically control the equipment startup and operation, automatically control the temperature of the carbonization furnace according to the real-time temperature feedback of the carbonization furnace by the temperature sensor, etc. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0044] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a spiral drying and carbonization integrated equipment.

[0045] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the spiral conveyor belt structure of a spiral drying and carbonization integrated equipment.

[0046] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the drying furnace structure of a spiral drying and carbonization integrated equipment.

[0047] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the carbonization furnace structure of a spiral drying and carbonization integrated equipment.

[0048] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the discharge bin structure of a spiral drying and carbonization integrated equipment.

[0049] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the transmission drive structure of a spiral drying and carbonization integrated equipment.

[0050] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the breaking rod structure of a spiral drying and carbonization integrated equipment.

[0051] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a rotating belt of a breaking rod of a spiral drying and carbonization integrated equipment.

[0052] Fig. 9 This is a schematic diagram of the rotary drive structure of a spiral drying and carbonization integrated equipment.

[0053] Fig.10 This is a schematic diagram of the feed port structure of a spiral drying and carbonization integrated equipment.

[0054] Fig.11 This is a schematic diagram of the discharge port structure of a spiral drying and carbonization integrated equipment;

[0055] Fig.12 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a spiral conveyor belt of a spiral drying and carbonization integrated equipment.

[0056] The components in the figure are as follows:

[0057] Feed port 1, drying furnace body 2, carbonization furnace body 3, discharge bin 4, sealing connection clamp 5, support frame 6, transmission drive 7, spiral conveyor belt 8, rotation drive 9, fixing rod 10, breaking rod 11, burner 12, temperature sensor 13, discharge port 14, central control system connection line 15, central control system 16, feed bin 101, feed upper flap 102, feed lower gate 103, drying furnace chamber 201, drying furnace chamber heating device installation port 202, and drying furnace chamber temperature sensor installation port 203, carbonization furnace Cavity 301, carbonization furnace cavity heating device installation port 302, and carbonization furnace cavity temperature sensor installation port 303, discharge cone cavity 401, fixed rod fixing device 402, transmission main machine 701, main machine transmission belt 702, transmission main wheel 703, auxiliary transmission belt 704, transmission auxiliary wheel 705, rotating main wheel 901, rotating rod 902, scattering main rod 1101, scattering auxiliary rod 1102, scattering secondary rod 1103, rotating belt 1104, discharge storage bin 1401, discharge upper gate plate 1402, and discharge lower flap 1403. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0058] The following will be combined with the accompanying drawings in the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0059] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs. The terms used herein in the specification of the present invention are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. The term "and / or" used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the related listed items. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0061] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto. For process parameters not particularly noted, conventional techniques may be used.

[0062] like Figure 1 to Figure 12 The present invention discloses a spiral drying and carbonization integrated equipment, which is mainly composed of a drying furnace body 2, a carbonization furnace body 3 and a discharge bin 4. A fixed rod 10 is arranged from top to bottom inside the equipment, and a spiral conveyor belt 8 and a breaking rod 11 are installed on the fixed rod 10. The spiral conveyor belt 8 plays the role of conveying sludge, and the breaking rod 11 plays the role of breaking up the sludge. A heating device is arranged on the outer wall surface of the equipment, and the heating port of the heating device is located on one side of the drying furnace body 2 and the carbonization furnace body 3. The heating device makes the temperature inside the carbonization furnace body 3 have a gradient change, and the hot air flow in the equipment circulates internally. The drying furnace body 2 and the carbonizing furnace body 3 are cylindrical cavities with a diameter of 3-5 m and a height of 3-10 m. The discharge bin 4 is a conical cavity with a diameter of 3-5 m, corresponding to the diameter of the drying furnace body and the carbonizing furnace body, and a height of 1-2 m. The drying furnace body 2, the carbonizing furnace body 3 and the discharge bin 4 are fixedly sealed and connected by a sealing connection clamp 5; after the drying furnace body 2, the carbonizing furnace body 3 and the discharge bin 4 are fixedly sealed and connected, they are supported to stand by a support frame 6.

[0063] The device of the present invention is provided with a fixed rod 10 from top to bottom inside, and a spiral conveyor belt 8 from top to bottom is installed on the fixed rod 10; the width of the spiral conveyor belt 8 is set to 1-2 m according to the diameter of the drying furnace body 2 and the carbonization furnace body 3; the upper and lower layer spacing of the spiral conveyor belt 8 can be set to 20-60 cm according to the demand; the spiral conveyor belt 8 can be driven to rotate by the transmission driver 7, such as Figure 2 As shown, the conveying driver 7 is located at one end of the spiral conveyor belt 8, which is used to drive the movement and convey the sludge downward; the fixed rod 10 is equipped with multiple breaking rods 11, which can be driven to rotate by the rotating driver 9 to break up and granulate the sludge. The heating device is a burner 12, a stainless steel electric heating tube, a ceramic electric heater or a graphene heater. A temperature sensor 13 is arranged in the cavity of the equipment; the temperature sensor 13 is installed on one side of the drying furnace body 2 and the carbonization furnace body 3.

[0064] The present invention also includes a central control system 16, which is electrically connected to the temperature sensor 13 of the conveying driver 7 and the heating device through a central control system connecting line 15, and is used to collect temperature data and control the opening and closing and power of the conveying driver 7, the rotating driver 9 and the heating device; the central control system 16 controls the opening and closing and power of the conveying driver 7, and then controls the opening and closing and power of the spiral conveyor belt 8, and adjusts the drying and carbonization time of the sludge-biomass mixture; the central control system 16 controls the opening and closing and combustion power of the heating device, and adjusts the drying temperature, carbonization temperature and temperature gradient in the drying furnace body 2 and the carbonization furnace body 3.

[0065] The present invention also includes a feed port 1 and a discharge port 14; the feed port 1 is a square with a side length of 20 cm to 100 cm; the sludge-biomass mixture enters the carbonization furnace through the feed port 1; the size of the feed port 1 can be designed according to the feed amount of the sludge-biomass mixture to be carbonized; the discharge port 14 is a circle with a diameter of 20 cm to 100 cm; the composite biochar formed after carbonization is discharged from the equipment through the discharge port 14; the size of the discharge port 14 can be designed according to the amount of composite biochar after carbonization.

[0066] like Figure 3 As shown, the drying furnace body 2 includes a feed inlet 1, a drying furnace chamber 201, a drying furnace chamber heating device installation port 202 and a drying furnace chamber temperature sensor installation port 203; the feed inlet 1 is arranged at the upper edge of the drying furnace chamber 201; the drying furnace chamber heating device installation port 202 is arranged at one side of the drying furnace chamber 201, and the heating device installation port 202 is a circle with a diameter of 50 cm to 150 cm; the drying furnace chamber temperature sensor installation port 203 is arranged at one side of the drying furnace chamber 201, and the temperature sensor installation port 203 is a circle with a diameter of 2 cm to 5 cm.

[0067] like Figure 4 As shown, the carbonization furnace body 3 includes a carbonization furnace chamber 301, a carbonization furnace chamber heating device installation port 302 and a carbonization furnace chamber temperature sensor installation port 303; the carbonization furnace chamber heating device installation port 302 is arranged on one side of the carbonization furnace chamber 201; the carbonization furnace chamber temperature sensor installation port 203 is arranged on one side of the carbonization furnace chamber 201.

[0068] like Figure 5 As shown, the discharge bin 4 includes a discharge port 14, a discharge cone cavity 401 and a fixing rod fixing device 402; the discharge cone cavity 401 is an inverted cone cavity; the discharge port is arranged on one side of the discharge cone cavity 401; the fixing rod fixing device 402 is arranged at the bottom of the discharge cone cavity 401.

[0069] like Figure 6As shown, the rotary driver 7 includes a transmission main unit 701, a main unit transmission belt 702, a transmission main wheel 703, a secondary transmission belt 704 and a transmission secondary wheel 705; the main unit transmission belt 702 is installed between the transmission main unit 701 and the transmission main wheel 703, and the transmission main unit 701 drives the transmission main wheel 703 to rotate through the main unit transmission belt 702; the secondary transmission belt 704 is installed between the transmission main wheel 703 and the transmission secondary wheel 705, and the transmission main wheel 703 drives the transmission secondary wheel 705 to rotate through the secondary transmission belt 704; the spiral conveyor belt 8 is installed on the rotating secondary wheel 705; the transmission main wheel 703 drives the secondary transmission belt 704 and the transmission secondary wheel 705 to move, thereby driving the spiral conveyor belt 8 to transmit; the transmission main unit 701 is a motor.

[0070] like Figure 7 As shown, the breaking up rod 11 includes a breaking up main rod 1101, a breaking up auxiliary rod 1102 and a breaking up secondary rod 1103; one end of the breaking up main rod 1101 is connected to the fixed rod 10, and the length is 1~2 m; the breaking up auxiliary rod 1102 is installed on the breaking up main rod 1101, and the length is 0.5~1 m; the breaking up secondary rod 1103 is installed on the breaking up auxiliary rod 1102, and the length is 10~20 cm.

[0071] like Figure 8 As shown, the breaking rod 11 is movably connected to the fixed rod 10 and is provided with a rotating belt 1104 , which is connected to the rotating driver 9 ; the breaking rod can be driven to rotate by the rotating belt 1104 .

[0072] like Fig. 9 As shown, the feed port includes a feed bin 101 , a feed upper flap 102 and a feed lower gate 103 ; the feed upper flap 102 is arranged at the top of the feed bin 101 , and the feed lower gate 103 is arranged at the bottom of the feed bin 101 .

[0073] like Fig.10 As shown, the feed port 14 includes a discharge storage bin 1401 , a discharge upper gate 1402 and a discharge lower flap 1403 ; the discharge upper gate 1402 is arranged at the top of the discharge storage bin 1401 , and the discharge lower flap 1403 is arranged at the bottom of the discharge storage bin 1401 .

[0074] The precise temperature-controlled spiral drying and carbonization integrated equipment of the present invention does not have a drying stage during use, and the two furnace bodies can be directly used as carbonization furnace bodies to carry out a single carbonization process.

[0075] The precise temperature-controlled spiral drying and carbonization integrated equipment of the present invention can be used as an incinerator by opening the feed port and the discharge port during use, and can be mixed with air to form an aerobic environment to incinerate solid wastes such as sludge.

[0076] Example 1

[0077] The low-temperature carbonization process requires a water dredging sludge sludge biomass mixture treatment capacity of 8500 kg / h:

[0078] 1) In the precise temperature-controlled spiral drying and carbonization integrated equipment, the drying furnace body 2 and the carbonization furnace body 3 are both set at a height of 3 m and a diameter of 3 m, and the discharge bin is 3 m in diameter and 1 m in height; the upper and lower layers of the spiral conveyor belt 8 are spaced 50 cm apart, and a total of 12 layers are set; 3 burners 12 are set in the drying furnace body 2, 6 burners 12 are set in the carbonization furnace body 3, and 6 temperature sensors 13 are set; the central control system 16 controls the 9 burners 12 to start at maximum power to preheat the precise temperature-controlled spiral drying and carbonization integrated equipment; the target temperature of the drying furnace body 2 is 105°C, and the heating is stopped after reaching the specified temperature; the preheating target temperature of the carbonization furnace body 3 is up to 300°C, when the uppermost layer temperature reaches 230°C, the uppermost burner 12 is turned off, when the second layer temperature reaches 240°C, the second burner 12 is turned off, and so on, until the lowest layer temperature reaches 300°C, and the temperature sensor 13 feeds back the temperature in the carbonization furnace body 3 in real time;

[0079] 2) After the preheating temperature reaches 300°C, the temperature sensor 13 feeds back information to the central control system 16, and the spiral conveyor belt 8 and the beating rod 11 start to operate;

[0080] 3) The central control system 16 controls the feed upper flap 102 to open, the feed lower gate 103 to close, and 800 kg of the water dredged sludge sludge biomass mixture enters the feed bin 101 for temporary storage; then the feed upper flap 102 is closed, the feed lower gate 103 is opened, and the water dredged sludge sludge biomass mixture enters the drying furnace body 2 from the feed inlet 1; 800 kg of the water dredged sludge sludge biomass mixture falls onto the spiral conveyor 8, and begins to be conveyed for drying and carbonization; the entire drying and carbonization process is controlled for 1 hour, during which the breaking rod 11 breaks up and granulates the water dredged sludge sludge biomass mixture;

[0081] 4) After the first feed of the dredged sludge biomass mixture is heated for 5 minutes, the central control system 16 controls the feed upper flap 102 to open, the feed lower gate 103 to close, and 800 kg of the dredged sludge biomass mixture enters the feed bin 101 for temporary storage; then the feed upper flap 102 is closed, the feed lower gate 103 is opened, and the dredged sludge biomass mixture enters the drying furnace body 2 from the feed inlet 1, and 800 kg of the dredged sludge biomass mixture falls onto the spiral conveyor 8, and begins to be conveyed for drying and carbonization;

[0082] 5) The water dredged sludge sludge biomass mixture is heated and dispersed step by step through the drying furnace body 2 and the carbonization furnace body 3 to produce composite biochar, which finally enters the discharge bin 4;

[0083] 6) After the dry water dredged sludge sludge biomass mixture is carbonized for 1 hour, the central control system 16 controls the discharge upper gate 1402 to open, and the carbonized composite biochar enters the discharge storage bin 1401 for temporary storage; the discharge upper gate 1402 is closed, the discharge lower flap 1403 is opened, and the composite biochar temporarily stored in the discharge storage bin is discharged and transported to the storage bin for storage; the system runs continuously for 300 days, and the composite biochar produced in 1 hour is about 420 kg;

[0084] 7) During the carbonization process, the temperature inside the carbonization furnace body 2 is monitored in real time by the temperature sensor 13. When the maximum temperature deviates from 300±30°C, the temperature sensor 13 feeds back the information to the central control system 16. The central control system controls the power increase or decrease of the burner 12, regulates the temperature inside the carbonization furnace body 3, and maintains the furnace chamber temperature at 300±30°C.

[0085] Example 2

[0086] The high-temperature rapid carbonization process is used, and the processing capacity of the printing and dyeing sludge (the printing and dyeing sludge contains biomass, the content of which is about 2%) is required to be 1200 kg / h:

[0087] 1) In the precise temperature-controlled spiral drying and carbonization integrated equipment, no drying process is set, only the carbonization process 3 is set; the drying furnace body 2 and the carbonization furnace body 3 are both set to a height of 3 m and a diameter of 3 m, and the discharge bin is 3 m in diameter and 1 m in height; the spiral conveyor belt 8 has a spacing of 1 m between the upper and lower layers, and a total of 6 layers are set; 3 burners 12 are set in the drying furnace body 2 and the carbonization furnace body 3, and 3 temperature sensors 13 are set; the central control system 16 controls the 6 burners 12 to start at maximum power to preheat the precise temperature-controlled spiral drying and carbonization integrated equipment; the preheating target temperature of the two carbonization furnace bodies 3 is up to 600°C, when the uppermost layer temperature reaches 500°C, the uppermost burner 12 is turned off, when the second layer temperature reaches 520°C, the second burner 12 is turned off, and so on, until the lowest layer temperature reaches 600°C, and the temperature sensor 13 feeds back the temperature in the carbonization furnace body 3 in real time;

[0088] 2) After the preheating temperature reaches 600°C, the temperature sensor 13 feeds back information to the central control system 16, and the spiral conveyor belt 8 and the beating rod 11 start to operate;

[0089] 3) The central control system 16 controls the upper feed flap 102 to open, the lower feed gate 103 to close, and the 200 kg printing and dyeing sludge biomass mixture enters the feed bin 101 for temporary storage; then the upper feed flap 102 is closed, the lower feed gate 103 is opened, and the printing and dyeing sludge biomass mixture enters the drying furnace body 2 from the feed inlet 1; the 200 kg printing and dyeing sludge biomass mixture falls onto the spiral conveyor 8 and begins to be transported and carbonized; the entire drying and carbonization process is controlled for 1 hour, during which the breaking rod 11 breaks up and granulates the printing and dyeing sludge biomass mixture;

[0090] 4) After the first feeding of the printing and dyeing sludge biomass mixture is heated for 10 minutes, the central control system 16 controls the feeding upper flap 102 to open, the feeding lower gate 103 to close, and the 200 kg printing and dyeing sludge biomass mixture enters the feeding bin 101 for temporary storage; then the feeding upper flap 102 is closed, the feeding lower gate 103 is opened, and the printing and dyeing sludge biomass mixture enters the drying furnace body 2 from the feeding port 1, and the 200 kg printing and dyeing sludge biomass mixture falls onto the spiral conveyor 8, and begins to be conveyed for drying and carbonization;

[0091] 5) The printing and dyeing sludge biomass mixture is heated and dispersed step by step through the drying furnace body 2 and the carbonizing furnace body 3 to produce composite biochar, which finally enters the discharge bin 4;

[0092] 6) After the dry printing and dyeing sludge biomass mixture is carbonized for 1 h, the central control system 16 controls the discharge upper gate 1402 to open, and the carbonized composite biochar enters the discharge storage bin 1401 for temporary storage; the discharge upper gate 1402 is closed, the discharge lower flap 1403 is opened, and the composite biochar temporarily stored in the discharge storage bin is discharged and transported to the storage bin for storage; the system runs continuously for 300 days, and the composite biochar produced in 1 h is about 420 kg;

[0093] 7) During the carbonization process, the temperature inside the carbonization furnace body 2 is monitored in real time by the temperature sensor 13. When the maximum temperature deviates from 600±20°C, the temperature sensor 13 feeds back the information to the central control system 16. The central control system controls the power increase or decrease of the burner 12, regulates the temperature inside the carbonization furnace body 3, and maintains the furnace chamber temperature at 600±20°C.

[0094] Example 3

[0095] Using high temperature incineration process, the dry sludge treatment capacity is required to be 1200 kg / h:

[0096] 1) The precise temperature-controlled spiral drying and carbonization integrated equipment is equipped with 6 burners 12 and 6 temperature sensors 13; the central control system 16 controls the 6 burners 12 to start at maximum power, the spiral conveyor belt 8 and the breaking rod 11 start running, the feed port 1 and the discharge port 14 are both opened, and the temperature sensor 13 provides real-time feedback on the temperature inside the equipment;

[0097] 2) 200 kg of dry sludge enters the equipment from the feed port 1; the 200 kg of dry sludge is received and conveyed by the spiral conveyor belt 8 and is broken up by the breaking rod 11;

[0098] 3) After 10 minutes, the top layer of sludge is transferred to the second layer, and the central control system 16 controls 200 kg of dry sludge to enter the equipment from the feed port 1. The 200 kg of dry sludge is received and transferred by the spiral conveyor 8, and the breaking rod 11 breaks it up, and the dry sludge is kept in a uniformly heated state; and so on, until all the vibrating flaps 3 receive the dry sludge;

[0099] 4) After the dried sludge is conveyed step by step through the spiral conveyor belt 8 for incineration and dispersion, the bottom layer of sludge has been incinerated at high temperature for 1 hour, and the organic matter and harmful substances have been gasified, leaving only ash, which is discharged from the discharge port 14.

[0100] The above description is a detailed description of the preferred feasible embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the invention application of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modified changes completed under the technical spirit suggested by the present invention should fall within the scope of the invention covered by the present invention.

Claims

1. A spiral drying and carbonization integrated equipment, characterized in that: The integrated equipment mainly consists of a drying furnace body (2), a carbonizing furnace body (3) and a discharge bin (4); a fixed rod (10) is arranged from top to bottom in the central position inside the equipment; a spiral conveyor belt (8) and a breaking rod (11) are installed on the fixed rod (10); the spiral conveyor belt (8) plays a role in conveying sludge, and the breaking rod (11) plays a role in breaking up the sludge; a heating device is arranged on the outer wall surface of the equipment, and the heating port of the heating device is located on one side of the drying furnace body (2) and the carbonizing furnace body (3); the heating device makes the temperature inside the carbonizing furnace body (3) have a gradient change, and the hot air flow in the equipment circulates internally; The drying furnace body (2) and the carbonizing furnace body (3) are cylindrical cavities, and the discharge bin (4) is a conical cavity. The drying furnace body (2), the carbonizing furnace body (3) and the discharge bin (4) are fixedly sealed and connected via a sealing connection clamp (5); after the drying furnace body (2), the carbonizing furnace body (3) and the discharge bin (4) are fixedly sealed and connected, they are supported by a support frame (6) to stand; A fixed rod (10) is arranged inside the device from top to bottom, and a spiral conveyor belt (8) is installed on the fixed rod (10) from top to bottom; the spiral conveyor belt (8) can be driven to rotate by a conveying driver (7) to convey the sludge downward; a plurality of breaking rods (11) are installed on the fixed rod (10), and the breaking rods (11) can be driven to rotate by a rotating driver (9) to break up and granulate the sludge; The invention also comprises a central control system (16), wherein the central control system (16) is electrically connected to the transmission driver (7), the temperature sensor (13) and the heating device through a central control system connection line (15), and is used to collect temperature data and control the start and stop and power of the transmission driver (7), the rotation driver (9) and the heating device; the central control system (16) controls the start and stop and power of the transmission driver (7), and further controls the start and stop and power of the spiral conveyor belt (8), and adjusts the drying and carbonization time of the sludge biomass mixture; the central control system (16) controls the start and stop and combustion power of the heating device, and adjusts the drying temperature, carbonization temperature and temperature gradient in the drying furnace body (2) and the carbonization furnace body (3).

2. The spiral drying and carbonization integrated equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heating device is a burner (12), a stainless steel electric heating tube, a ceramic electric heater or a graphene heater.

3. The spiral drying and carbonization integrated equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: A temperature sensor (13) is arranged in the equipment cavity; the temperature sensor (13) is installed on one side of the drying furnace body (2) and the carbonization furnace body (3).

4. The spiral drying and carbonization integrated equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also comprises a feed inlet (1) and a discharge port (14); the feed inlet (1) is arranged at the top of the drying furnace body (2), and the discharge port (14) is opened on the discharge bin (4).

5. The spiral drying and carbonization integrated equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drying furnace body (2) comprises a drying furnace chamber (201), a drying furnace chamber heating device installation opening (202) and a drying furnace chamber temperature sensor installation opening (203); the feed opening (1) is arranged at the upper edge of the drying furnace chamber (201); The drying furnace chamber heating device installation opening (202) is arranged on one side of the drying furnace chamber (201); and the drying furnace chamber temperature sensor installation opening (203) is arranged on one side of the drying furnace chamber (201).

6. The spiral drying and carbonization integrated equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The carbonization furnace body (3) comprises a carbonization furnace chamber (301), a carbonization furnace chamber heating device installation opening (302) and a carbonization furnace chamber temperature sensor installation opening (303); the carbonization furnace chamber heating device installation opening (302) is arranged on one side of the carbonization furnace chamber (301); and the carbonization furnace chamber temperature sensor installation opening (303) is arranged on one side of the carbonization furnace chamber (301).

7. The spiral drying and carbonization integrated equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The discharge bin (4) comprises a discharge port (14), a discharge cone cavity (401) and a fixing rod fixing device (402); the discharge cone cavity (401) is an inverted cone cavity; the discharge port is arranged on one side of the discharge cone cavity (401); and the fixing rod fixing device (402) is arranged at the bottom of the discharge cone cavity (401).

8. The spiral drying and carbonization integrated equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transmission driver (7) comprises a transmission main machine (701), a main machine transmission belt (702), a transmission main wheel (703), a secondary transmission belt (704) and a transmission secondary wheel (705); the main machine transmission belt (702) is installed between the transmission main machine (701) and the transmission main wheel (703), and the transmission main machine (701) drives the transmission main wheel (703) to rotate through the main machine transmission belt (702); the secondary transmission belt (704) is installed between the transmission main wheel (703) and the transmission secondary wheel (705), and the transmission main wheel (703) drives the transmission secondary wheel (705) to rotate through the secondary transmission belt (704); the spiral conveyor belt (8) is installed on the rotating secondary wheel (705); the transmission main wheel (703) drives the secondary transmission belt (704) and the transmission secondary wheel (705) to move, thereby driving the spiral conveyor belt (8) to transmit; the transmission main machine (701) is a motor.

9. The spiral drying and carbonization integrated equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The scattering rod (11) comprises a scattering main rod (1101), a scattering auxiliary rod (1102) and a scattering secondary rod (1103); one end of the scattering main rod (1101) is connected to the fixed rod (10); the scattering auxiliary rod (1102) is installed on the scattering main rod (1101); and the scattering secondary rod (1103) is installed on the scattering auxiliary rod (1102).

10. The spiral drying and carbonization integrated equipment according to claim 1 or 9, characterized in that: The breaking rod (11) is movably connected to the fixed rod (10) and is provided with a rotating belt (1104), wherein the rotating belt (1104) is connected to a rotating driver (9); the breaking rod can be driven to rotate by the rotating belt (1104).

11. The spiral drying and carbonization integrated equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotating driver (9) comprises a rotating main wheel (901), a rotating rod (902) and a rotating belt (1104); the rotating main wheel (901) rotates, thereby driving the rotating rod (902) to rotate, and driving the rotating belt (1104) to rotate.

12. The spiral drying and carbonization integrated equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that: The feed inlet comprises a feed bin (101), a feed upper flap (102) and a feed lower gate (103); the feed upper flap (102) is arranged at the top of the feed bin (101), and the feed lower gate (103) is arranged at the bottom of the feed bin (101).

13. The spiral drying and carbonization integrated equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that: The discharge port (14) comprises a discharge storage bin (1401), a discharge upper gate (1402) and a discharge lower flap (1403); the discharge upper gate (1402) is arranged at the top of the discharge storage bin (1401), and the discharge lower flap (1403) is arranged at the bottom of the discharge storage bin (1401).

14. A method for treating sludge using the spiral drying and carbonization integrated equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that: The device is in an oxygen-deficient state, and the sludge-biomass mixture is placed in a precisely temperature-controlled spiral drying and carbonization integrated device, and is conveyed from top to bottom by a spiral conveyor belt (8), and a breaking rod (11) cooperates to break up the sludge; the drying furnace body (2) dries the sludge, and the carbonization furnace body (3) carbonizes the dried sludge; the carbonization furnace body (3) simultaneously uses a pyrolysis method with a gradient temperature change in the device to perform pyrolysis; the temperature difference between two adjacent layers of spiral conveyor belts (8) in the device is 10° C. to 50° C., and the temperature of the lower layer is higher than that of the upper layer.

15. The method for treating sludge using the spiral drying and carbonization integrated equipment according to claim 14, characterized in that: The steps include: 1) Before carbonization, the drying furnace body (2) and the carbonization furnace body (3) are preheated, and then the central control system (16) turns on and off the burner (12) and adjusts the power according to the temperature of the drying and carbonization processes. The burners (12) of each layer are heated at the same time, and the temperature sensor (13) monitors the temperature of each layer in real time; the drying furnace body (2) controls the temperature to be 105±5°C; the carbonization furnace body (3) controls the temperature of the bottom layer to be the target carbonization temperature, and decreases by 10°C to 50°C layer by layer from bottom to top, so as to form a temperature gradient in the furnace; the specific steps of preheating the carbonization furnace body (3) are: preheating for 20 to 80 minutes, and the preheating temperature is 300°C to 600°C; 2) After the drying furnace body (2) and the carbonization furnace body (3) reach the required temperature for drying and carbonization, the feed upper flap (102) is opened, the feed lower gate (103) is closed, and the sludge-biomass mixture enters the feed bin (101) for temporary storage; thereafter, the feed upper flap (102) is closed, the feed lower gate (103) is opened, and the sludge-biomass mixture enters the drying furnace body (2) from the feed inlet (1) and falls onto the spiral conveyor belt (8); in the sludge-biomass mixture, biomass accounts for 1% to 2% of the total weight of the mixture; the biomass includes one or more of leaves, tea residues, sawdust, bagasse or water hyacinth; the spiral conveyor belt (8) is driven by a conveying driver (7) and a fixing rod (10) to convey the sludge-biomass mixture and dry the sludge-biomass mixture; 3) After the sludge-biomass mixture is dried, it enters the carbonization furnace body (3) along the spiral conveyor belt (8), is first carbonized at a lower temperature in the upper layer, and then gradually enters the middle and lower layers for high temperature carbonization. Due to the existence of the temperature gradient in the carbonization furnace body (3), the hot air flow generated increases the carbonization efficiency of the sludge-biomass mixture; the waste heat gas after carbonization flows upward to compensate the temperature of the drying furnace body (2), thereby utilizing the waste heat; 4) The temperature sensor (13) monitors the temperature in the drying furnace body (2) and the carbonization furnace body (3) in real time, and feeds back the temperature to the central control system (16) in real time. The central control system (16) controls the burner (12) in real time to stabilize the temperature in the drying furnace body (2) and the carbonization furnace body (3) within the target temperature. 5) The biochar formed after carbonization enters the discharge bin (4), the upper discharge gate (1402) is opened, and the carbonized composite biochar enters the discharge storage bin (1401) for temporary storage; the upper discharge gate (1402) is closed, the lower discharge flap (1403) is opened, and the composite biochar temporarily stored in the discharge storage bin (1401) is discharged from the discharge bin (4) for further utilization.

16. The method for treating sludge using the spiral drying and carbonization integrated equipment according to claim 14, characterized in that: The sludge is one or more of industrial sludge and domestic sludge.

17. The method for treating sludge using the spiral drying and carbonization integrated equipment according to claim 16, characterized in that: The industrial sludge includes one or more of printing and dyeing sludge, washing water sludge, food industry sludge, papermaking sludge, high-concentration wastewater treatment sludge, electroplating sludge or garbage leachate sludge.

18. The method for treating sludge using the spiral drying and carbonization integrated equipment according to claim 17, characterized in that: The domestic sludge includes one or more of domestic sewage treatment plant sludge or river dredging sludge.

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