Dual-frequency dual-polarization antenna unit, subarray phase shift module and phased array antenna array

Abstract

The present application provides a dual-frequency dual-polarization antenna unit, a subarray phase-shifting module and a phased array antenna array, wherein the antenna unit includes a radiation loading unit, a horn antenna and an orthogonal coupler; the subarray phase-shifting module includes a transmitting and receiving feeding network and a plurality of dual-frequency dual-polarization antenna units arranged in a straight line; the dual-frequency dual-polarization phased array antenna array includes a plurality of dual-frequency dual-polarization phased modules arranged in sequence; by integrating the orthogonal mode coupler into the radiating antenna unit, dual-frequency dual-line polarization is realized and the mutual interference between the transmitting and receiving ports is reduced; by adopting a broadband horn antenna as a basic radiating unit, co-aperture radiation of transmitting and receiving is realized; a radiation loading unit is added above the antenna to suppress the sidelobe level and improve the main polarization gain; a low-loss transmitting and receiving air waveguide feeding network is adopted to realize equal-radiation and in-phase excitation of the antenna unit, thereby improving the compactness of the array structure and effectively reducing the profile height; through the modular design of the subarray of the phased array, the phase-shifting radio frequency module is reduced to reduce the cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of antenna design for wireless communication technology, and in particular to a dual-frequency dual-polarization antenna unit, a subarray phase shifting module, and a phased array antenna array. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of modern communications and the Internet of Things, people's demand for communication capacity is growing. Low-orbit satellite networks have been widely used due to their advantages such as high communication, wide coverage, and low bit error rate. Phased array antenna arrays, as one of the key components, have become a current research hotspot. Compared with traditional single-polarization antennas, dual-polarization antennas use polarization multiplexing technology to receive and transmit two mutually orthogonal electromagnetic wave signals, effectively improving communication efficiency. In addition, the electronic scanning phased array uses digital control beam pointing to achieve precise point-to-point signal transmission during satellite communications and complete star-to-star and star-to-ground information transmission. For long-distance satellite communication transmission, phased array antennas need to meet performance requirements such as high gain, dual-frequency dual-polarization transceiver multiplexing, high isolation, and low cross-polarization level.

[0003] Dual-polarized phased array antennas can be divided into microstrip antennas, transmission and reflection metasurface antennas, and waveguide antennas. The dielectric loss, surface wave loss, and microstrip feeder loss of microstrip antennas will become non-negligible as the array size increases and the frequency increases; metasurface antennas require horn feeds for power feeding, so the overall structural profile is high and difficult to install.

[0004] However, existing dual-polarized waveguide phased array antennas have problems such as difficulty in covering satellite transmission and reception frequency bands and poor isolation between transmit and receive ports. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, the purpose of this application is to propose a dual-frequency dual-polarization antenna unit, a phased module and a phased array antenna array to solve the problem that the existing antenna array has low isolation between the transceiver ports and is difficult to meet the satellite uplink and downlink communication requirements.

[0006] Based on the above purpose, the present application provides a dual-frequency dual-polarization antenna unit, including: a radiation loading unit, a horn antenna and an orthogonal coupler;

[0007] The horn antenna comprises a horn-shaped antenna body; the antenna body comprises a feeding port, a narrow end and a radiation port;

[0008] A radiation loading unit, comprising four cylindrical grids, wherein the four cylindrical grids are arranged at the radiation port in a field-shaped distribution;

[0009] The orthogonal coupler comprises:

[0010] an output port, electrically connected to the feed port, for transmitting a signal to the horn antenna;

[0011] The first input port is arranged opposite to the output port and is used to receive external horizontally polarized waves;

[0012] The second input port is used to transmit vertically polarized waves and intercept horizontally polarized waves to prevent the horizontally polarized waves from leaking.

[0013] Optionally, the orthogonal coupler further includes:

[0014] a first transition section disposed at the first input port;

[0015] A second transition section disposed at the second input port and used to connect the second input port and the orthogonal coupler body;

[0016] and, a coupling ridge disposed opposite to the second transition section.

[0017] Optionally, the first transition section is a step transition section, the second transition section is a coupling ridge transition section, and the coupling ridge is a short-circuit coupling ridge.

[0018] Optionally, the square;

[0019] The first input port and the second input port are both configured to have a standard rectangular waveguide size.

[0020] Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a dual-frequency dual-polarization subarray phase shift module, comprising: a transmitting feed network, a receiving feed network, and a plurality of dual-frequency dual-polarization antenna units as described above arranged in a straight line;

[0021] The receiving feed network includes a plurality of first E-plane T-type power dividers connected in sequence, wherein the first E-plane T-type power divider is used to connect the dual-frequency dual-polarization antenna unit and the test structure of the peripheral device;

[0022] The transmitting feed network includes a plurality of stages of second E-plane T-type power dividers connected in sequence, and the second E-plane T-type power divider is used to connect the dual-frequency dual-polarization antenna unit and the test structure of the peripheral device.

[0023] Optionally, the branching end of the first E-plane T-type power splitter at the last stage of the receiving feed network is used to connect the second input port, and the combining end of the first E-plane T-type power splitter at the first stage of the receiving feed network is used to connect the second input port to the test structure;

[0024] The branch end of the second E-plane T-type power splitter at the last stage of the transmitting feed network is used to connect the first input port, and the combining end of the second E-plane T-type power splitter at the first stage of the transmitting feed network is used to connect the first input port to the test structure.

[0025] Optionally, the combining end of the first E-plane T-type power divider of the first stage of the receiving and feeding network is set as a receiving and feeding port, and is connected to the test structure through the receiving and feeding port;

[0026] The combining end of the second E-plane T-type power divider at the last stage of the transmitting feeding network is set as a transmitting feeding port, and is connected to the test structure through the transmitting feeding port.

[0027] Optionally, the connection between the first E-plane T-type power divider of the last stage of the receiving feed network and the first E-plane T-type power divider of the previous stage is set as an E-plane cut-angle structure, and the E-plane cut-angle structure is used to turn the second input port of the azimuth plane to the horizontal plane.

[0028] Optionally, the receiving feed port and the transmitting feed port are both set to standard waveguide apertures.

[0029] Based on the same inventive concept, an embodiment of the present disclosure also provides a dual-frequency dual-polarization phased array antenna array, characterized in that it includes: a plurality of dual-frequency dual-polarization subarray phase shifting modules as described above; a plurality of the dual-frequency dual-polarization subarray phase shifting modules are arranged in sequence so that all the dual-frequency dual-polarization antenna units are arranged in an array.

[0030] From the above, it can be seen that the dual-frequency dual-polarization antenna unit, subarray phase shifting module and phased array antenna array provided by the present application, wherein the antenna unit includes: a radiation loading unit, a horn antenna and an orthogonal coupler. The dual-frequency dual-polarization subarray phase shifting module includes: a transmitting feed network, a receiving feed network and a plurality of dual-frequency dual-polarization antenna units arranged in a straight line. The dual-frequency dual-polarization phased array antenna array includes: a plurality of dual-frequency dual-polarization subarray phase shifting modules; a plurality of said dual-frequency dual-polarization phased array modules are arranged in sequence so that all said dual-frequency dual-polarization antenna units are arranged in an array. The four circular grid structures of the radiation loading unit are arranged in a field shape at the radiation port of the horn antenna to convert the spherical wave at the aperture of the horn antenna into a plane wave, so that the amplitude and phase distribution at the aperture is more uniform, so as to reduce the side lobe level of the radiation pattern, thereby further reducing the array grating lobe level and improving the gain; the orthogonal coupler is used to achieve the separation of horizontally polarized waves and vertically polarized waves and reduce port mutual interference by setting a step transition step and a coupling ridge, thereby improving the isolation of the transmitting and receiving ports, and at the same time, the coupling ridge transition section and the step transition section can be used as impedance matching structures, the bottom impedance matching section works in the transmitting frequency band, and the side impedance matching section works in the receiving frequency band, thereby realizing the separation of polarization and frequency; further, by setting the radiation port of the horn antenna to a square, two mutually orthogonal electromagnetic waves can be radiated at the same time, realizing the common aperture radiation of dual-polarized electromagnetic waves, thereby improving the radiation efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present application or related technologies, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or related technical descriptions are briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0032] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a dual-frequency dual-polarization antenna unit according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a dual-frequency dual-polarization phase-controlled module according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0034] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of scattering parameter simulation of a dual-frequency dual-polarization phased-control module according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0035] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a dual-frequency dual-polarization phased array antenna array according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0036] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a dual-frequency dual-polarization antenna array according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0037] 1-radiation loading unit, 101-cylindrical grid, 2-horn antenna, 3-orthogonal coupler, 301-first input port, 302-second input port, 303-output port, 3001-first transition section, 3002-second transition section, 3003-coupling ridge, 4-E-plane receiving feeding network, 401-receiving feeding port, 4001-T-type power divider, 5-H-plane transmitting feeding network, 501-transmitting feeding port, 5001-H-plane T-type power divider, 5002-H-plane cutting angle structure, 6-receiving feeding network, 601-receiving feeding port, 6001-E-plane cutting angle structure, 6002-first E-plane T-type power divider, 7-transmitting feeding network, 701-transmitting feeding port, 7001-second E-plane T-type power divider. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more clearly understood, the present application is further described in detail below in combination with specific embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0039] It should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in the embodiments of the present application should be the usual meanings understood by people with ordinary skills in the field to which the present application belongs. The "first", "second" and similar words used in the embodiments of the present application do not represent any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. "Including" or "comprising" and similar words mean that the elements or objects appearing in front of the word cover the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. "Connect" or "connected" and similar words are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Up", "down", "left", "right" and the like are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0040] As described in the background technology section, with the rapid development of modern communications and Internet of Things services, phased array antenna arrays, as one of the key components, have become a current research hotspot. Compared with traditional single-polarized antennas, dual-polarized antennas use polarization multiplexing technology to receive and transmit two mutually orthogonal electromagnetic wave signals, effectively improving communication efficiency. In addition, the electronic scanning phased array uses digital control beam pointing to achieve precise point-to-point signal transmission during satellite communications and complete star-to-star and star-to-ground information transmission. For long-distance satellite communication transmission, phased array antennas need to meet performance requirements such as high gain, dual-frequency dual-polarization transceiver multiplexing, high isolation, and low cross-polarization level.

[0041] Specifically, an antenna array is an electromagnetic wave radiation system formed by arranging multiple antenna units in a specific way. The gain of a single antenna (the antenna has different radiation or reception capabilities in different directions in space) is limited. In order to be suitable for applications in various occasions, two or more antenna units working at the same frequency are fed and arranged in space according to certain requirements to form an antenna array. The main function of the antenna array is to enhance and improve the directivity of the radiation field, as well as to enhance the intensity of the radiation field. The polarization of the antenna refers to the direction of the electric field intensity formed when the antenna radiates. When the radio wave propagates in space, the instantaneous orientation of its electric field vector is called polarization. The polarization of the antenna is divided into linear polarization, circular polarization and elliptical polarization. Linear polarization is further divided into horizontal polarization and vertical polarization; circular polarization is further divided into left-hand circular polarization and right-hand circular polarization.

[0042] Existing dual-polarized phased array antennas can be divided into microstrip antennas, transmission and reflection metasurface antennas, and waveguide antennas. Among them, microstrip antennas have been widely used due to their advantages such as low profile and easy processing, but their dielectric loss, surface wave loss, microstrip feeder loss, etc. will become non-negligible as the array size increases and the frequency increases, so the radiation gain and efficiency of the array antenna will also be limited; transmission arrays and reflection arrays have the advantages of lightweight, no complex feed network, and simple design. At the same time, each unit can be controlled individually and the radiation is flexible, but metasurface antennas require horn feed sources for feeding, so the overall structural profile is high and difficult to install; waveguide structures have the advantages of broadband, high stability, and high directivity, and are widely used in the design of high-gain array antennas. The array antenna is divided into two parts: antenna unit and feed network. The waveguide feed network has low transmission loss and large power capacity, which can greatly improve the gain and radiation efficiency of the array.

[0043] However, the existing dual-frequency dual-polarized phased array antenna has problems such as low isolation between the transmit and receive ports and low radiation efficiency of the dual-polarized antenna aperture. The modular subarray design of the phased array can not only reasonably select the number of subarrays according to the beam scanning angle, but also solve the problems of low isolation between the transmit and receive ports of the antenna array and low radiation efficiency of the dual-polarized antenna aperture on the basis of reducing the use of RF phase shift modules and reducing design costs.

[0044] Based on the above considerations, the embodiments of the present disclosure propose a dual-frequency dual-polarization antenna unit, a subarray phase shifting module and a phased array antenna array. By integrating the orthogonal mode coupler into the radiating antenna unit, dual-frequency dual-linear polarization can be achieved and the mutual interference between the transmitting and receiving ports can be reduced; by adopting a broadband horn antenna as the basic radiating unit, the co-aperture radiation of the transmitting and receiving ports can be achieved; by adding a radiation loading unit above the antenna, the sidelobe level can be suppressed and the main polarization gain can be improved; by adopting a low-loss transmitting and receiving air waveguide feeding network, while achieving equal-radiation and in-phase excitation of the antenna units, the array structure is made more compact and the profile height is effectively reduced; through the modular design of the subarrays of the phased array, the phase-shifting RF module is reduced and the cost is reduced.

[0045] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present disclosure to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present disclosure, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present disclosure.

[0046] like Figure 1 As shown, the dual-frequency dual-polarization antenna unit described in the present application includes: a radiation loading unit 1, a horn antenna 2 and an orthogonal coupler 3;

[0047] The horn antenna 2 includes a horn-shaped antenna body; the antenna body includes two ends, namely, an end with a wider aperture and an end with a narrower aperture, wherein the end with a narrower aperture is set as a feeding port connected to the orthogonal coupler 3, and the end with a wider aperture is set as a radiation port, and the radiation port is provided with a radiation loading unit 1; the radiation loading unit 1 includes four cylindrical grids 101, and the four cylindrical grids are arranged in a field shape at the radiation port; the orthogonal coupler 3 includes: an orthogonal coupler body, the orthogonal coupler body includes two oppositely arranged ends, and a plurality of side walls connecting the opposite ends; wherein the first end is connected to the feeding port of the horn antenna 2 as an output port 303, for transmitting a signal to the horn antenna 2; the second end arranged opposite to the first end is used as a first input port 301, for transmitting horizontally polarized waves; any of the side walls is provided with a second input port 302, for transmitting vertically polarized waves and intercepting horizontally polarized waves to prevent leakage of the horizontally polarized waves. At the same time, the first input port 301 and the second input port 302 are located on two planes perpendicular to each other, which can suppress port polarization crosstalk and improve isolation.

[0048] In some embodiments, the orthogonal coupler 3 further includes: a first transition section 3001 disposed at the first input port; a second transition section 3002 disposed at the second input port for connecting the second input port with the orthogonal coupler body; and a coupling ridge 3003 disposed on the opposite side of the second transition section 3002. The second transition section 3002 is used as a transition structure during the transmission process between the second input port 302 and the output port 303, and is used to transmit vertically polarized waves; the step transition section 3001 between the first input port 301 and the output port 303 is used to achieve the transmission of horizontally polarized waves. The coupling ridge structure 3003 provides a symmetry plane for the second transition section 3002, which is used to suppress the excitation of high-order modes and reduce the influence of high-order modes on the performance of the orthogonal mode coupler. At the same time, a short-circuit structure is adopted to effectively reduce the cross-sectional size of the orthogonal mode coupler. Furthermore, since the positions of the first output port 301 and the second output port 302 are on two mutually perpendicular planes, it is possible to suppress port polarization crosstalk and improve isolation.

[0049] Furthermore, the output port 303 and the first input port 301 are both set to be square; the first input port 301 and the second input port 302 are both set to standard rectangular waveguide sizes. In addition, the first input port 301 and the second input port 302 respectively work in the uplink frequency band and the downlink frequency band of satellite communication, that is, the first input port 301 works in the uplink frequency band; the second input port 302 works in the downlink frequency band.

[0050] Furthermore, the first transition section 3001 is a step transition section, the second transition section is a coupling ridge transition section, and the coupling ridge is a short-circuit coupling ridge.

[0051] Furthermore, the first transition section 3001 is used to separate the frequency bands of the electromagnetic waves transmitted through the first input port 301. Specifically, the first input port 301 arranged at the bottom of the orthogonal coupler 3 and the second input port 302 arranged at the side wall of the orthogonal coupler 3 respectively work in different frequency bands, corresponding to mutually orthogonal polarized waves. Specifically, the step transition section 3001 of the first input port 301 and the top square output port 303 is used to realize the transmission of horizontal polarized waves in the uplink frequency band; the second transition section 3002, as a transition structure between the second input port 302 and the square port 303, is used to realize the transmission of vertical polarized waves in the downlink frequency band.

[0052] Furthermore, the side coupling ridge transition section 3002 has a cutoff effect on horizontally polarized waves, so the second input port 302 can prevent leakage of horizontally polarized waves.

[0053] In some embodiments, the coupling ridge 3003 provides a symmetry plane for the second transition section 3002, thereby suppressing the excitation of high-order modes and reducing the impact of high-order modes on the performance of the orthogonal mode coupler 3. At the same time, the coupling ridge 3003 adopts a short-circuit structure to effectively reduce the cross-sectional size of the orthogonal mode coupler.

[0054] In some embodiments, the first input port 301 arranged at the bottom and the second input port 302 arranged at the side work in different frequency bands respectively, corresponding to mutually orthogonal polarized waves respectively, and transmit electromagnetic energy to the horn antenna 2 through the output port 303 arranged in a square shape. Correspondingly, the output port 303 receives the electromagnetic energy transmitted through the first input port 301 and the second input port 302, and sends the received electromagnetic energy to the horn antenna 2, which is then emitted by the horn antenna 2. Among them, M*N cylindrical grid 101 structures are arranged on the end face of the wider end of the horn antenna 2, and M and N are both integers greater than 1. The spherical wave at the aperture of the horn antenna 2 is converted into a plane wave through the cylindrical grid 101 structure, so that the amplitude and phase distribution at the aperture is more uniform, so as to reduce the side lobe level of the pattern, thereby further reducing the array grating lobe level and improving the gain.

[0055] In some embodiments, the cylindrical grid structures may be 2*2.

[0056] In some embodiments, the aperture of the horn antenna 2 can be set to be any one of square and circular. Since the 3D metal printing process is used for processing, the shape of the horn antenna 2 in this embodiment can be a curved structure; the shape of the horn antenna 2 can be any one of a sinusoid shape, a tangent shape, or a cone. In addition, the horn antenna 2 has a broadband characteristic and can simultaneously cover the receiving and transmitting frequency bands of satellite communications.

[0057] In some embodiments, according to actual conditions, the cylindrical grid constituting the radiation loading unit 1 can be replaced by any one of a rectangular, circular or cross type.

[0058] Based on the same inventive concept, the present disclosure also provides a Figure 2 The dual-frequency dual-polarization subarray phase shift module shown includes: a transmitting feed network 6, a receiving feed network 7, and a plurality of dual-frequency dual-polarization antenna units described in any one of the aforementioned embodiments arranged in a straight line;

[0059] The receiving feeding network includes a plurality of first E-plane T-type power dividers connected in sequence, wherein the first E-plane T-type power divider is used to connect the test structure of the peripheral device and the equal-radial and in-phase feeding of the dual-frequency dual-polarization antenna unit in the subarray phase shift module; the transmitting feeding network includes a plurality of second E-plane T-type power dividers connected in sequence, wherein the first E-plane T-type power divider is used to connect the test structure of the peripheral device and the equal-radial and in-phase feeding of the dual-frequency dual-polarization antenna unit in the subarray phase shift module.

[0060] In some embodiments, the shunt end of the first E-plane T-type power divider at the last stage of the receiving feed network 6 is used to connect the second input port 302, and the combining end of the first E-plane T-type power divider 6001 at the first stage of the receiving feed network 6 is used to connect the second input port 302 to the test structure to achieve electromagnetic energy transmission to the first input port of the antenna unit; the shunt end of the second E-plane T-type power divider 7001 at the last stage of the transmitting feed network 7 is used to connect the first input port 301, and the combining end of the first E-plane T-type power divider 7001 at the first stage of the transmitting feed network 7 is used to connect the first input port 301 to the test structure to achieve electromagnetic energy transmission to the first input port of the antenna unit.

[0061] In some embodiments, the connection between the first E-plane T-type power divider of the last stage of the receiving feed network 6 and the first E-plane T-type power divider of the previous stage is set as an E-plane cut-angle structure, and the E-plane cut-angle structure 6001 is used to turn the port of the azimuth plane to the horizontal plane. This can further reduce the array size, achieve a compact layout, and reduce the mutual interference between the unit and the feed network.

[0062] Furthermore, the receiving feed network 6 and the transmitting feed network 7 respectively feed the first input port 301 at the bottom and the second input port 302 at the side of the dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna unit, that is, the receiving feed port 601 and the transmitting feed port 701 are respectively connected to the second input port 302 at the side of the dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna unit for feeding and the first input port 301 at the bottom.

[0063] In some embodiments, the combining end of the first E-plane T-type power divider 6001 at the first level of the receiving feed network 6 is set as a receiving feed port 601, which is connected to the test structure of the external device through the receiving feed port 601; the combining end of the second E-plane T-type power divider 7001 at the last level of the transmitting feed network 7 is set as a transmitting feed port 704, which is connected to the test structure set externally through the transmitting feed port 701.

[0064] Optionally, the receiving feed port 601 and the transmitting feed port 701 are both set to a standard rectangular waveguide size, and are converted to an SMA interface (SubMiniature version A connector, referred to as SMA) through a waveguide to coaxial device, and the transmitting and receiving SMA coaxial interfaces are connected to the active network of the phased array through a flexible RF coaxial cable to achieve active phased beam scanning at any angle. The SMA connector is connected to the RF circuit through a flexible cable, and phase shift digital control can be performed.

[0065] Furthermore, the receiving feed port 601 and the transmitting feed port 701 are set as waveguide apertures to facilitate connection with a waveguide to coaxial adapter for subsequent testing.

[0066] In some embodiments, both the transmitting feed network 6 and the receiving feed network 7 use a low-loss fully parallel air waveguide structure to transfer electromagnetic energy to the dual-frequency dual-polarization antenna unit, and perform equal-radiation and in-phase feeding to improve the array gain.

[0067] In some implementations, eight antenna units that are arranged in a row with equal spacing are connected to the transmitting feed network 6 and the receiving feed network 7 .

[0068] In some embodiments, in order to verify the effectiveness of this solution, reference is made to Figure 3 The applicant of the present application conducted a scattering parameter simulation experiment of a dual-frequency dual-polarization phased-control module, and conducted simulation experiments on the transmitting port, receiving port and isolation in two dimensions of frequency and scattering parameters. The simulation experiment results show that within the transmitting frequency band and the receiving frequency band, the return loss of the antenna is less than -10dB, and the port isolation of the second receiving feed port 601 and the second transmitting feed port 701 is less than 40dB within the operating frequency band.

[0069] Based on the same inventive concept, the present disclosure also provides a Figure 4 The dual-frequency dual-polarization phased array antenna array shown includes any dual-frequency dual-polarization sub-array phase shifting module of the aforementioned embodiment, wherein a plurality of the dual-frequency dual-polarization sub-array phase shifting modules are arranged in sequence so that all the dual-frequency dual-polarization antenna units are arranged in an array.

[0070] In some embodiments, a dual-frequency dual-polarization phased array antenna array adopts a sub-array modular design, including 8 interface feed ports and 8 transmit feed ports. The number of sub-arrays is reasonably selected according to the beam scanning angle, and is connected to the RF front-end circuit through a coaxial line, thereby reducing the transmit and receive phase shift components, reducing the design cost, and achieving precise beam scanning.

[0071] In some implementations, the dual-frequency dual-polarization antenna units in the dual-frequency dual-polarization phased array antenna array are arranged in an 8*8 arrangement.

[0072] In some embodiments, in order to verify the effectiveness of the present scheme, the applicant of the present application conducted simulated beam scanning gain diagrams of the receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna of the dual-frequency dual-polarization phased antenna array. The simulation experimental results show that: at θ = ±6°, ±2°, 0°, the cross-polarization level is less than 35.7dB, and the gain drop is less than 0.43dB; at θ = ±6°, ±2°, 0°, the cross-polarization level is less than 44.3dB, and the gain drop is less than 0.43dB.

[0073] In some embodiments, reference Figure 5 , the receiving feed network 6 can be configured as follows Figure 5 The E-plane receiving feed network 4 and the transmitting feed network 7 shown can be set as the H-plane transmitting feed network 5 .

[0074] Among them, the E-plane receiving feed network 5 is used to feed the first input port 301 at the bottom of the antenna unit, including a receiving feed port 401, a T-type power divider 4001 and an E-plane turning waveguide 4002. The E-plane turning waveguide 4002 embeds the E-plane first receiving feed network 4 in the radiation unit to achieve a compact layout; the H-plane transmitting feed network 5 includes a transmitting feed port 501, an H-plane T-type power divider 5001 and an H-plane cut-angle structure 5002; the receiving feed port 401 and the transmitting feed port 501 are used to be connected to a waveguide to coaxial adapter for later testing and installation.

[0075] From the above, it can be seen that the dual-frequency dual-polarization antenna unit, subarray phase-shifting module and phased antenna array provided by the present application, wherein the antenna unit includes: a radiation loading unit, a horn antenna and an orthogonal coupler. The dual-frequency dual-polarization subarray phase-shifting module includes: a transmitting feed network, a receiving feed network and a plurality of dual-frequency dual-polarization antenna units arranged in a straight line. The dual-frequency dual-polarization phased array antenna array includes: a plurality of dual-frequency dual-polarization phased modules; the plurality of said dual-frequency dual-polarization phased modules are arranged in sequence so that all said dual-frequency dual-polarization antenna units are arranged in an array. The four circular grid structures of the radiation loading unit are arranged in a field shape at the radiation port of the horn antenna to convert the spherical wave at the aperture of the horn antenna into a plane wave, so that the amplitude and phase distribution at the aperture is more uniform, so as to reduce the side lobe level of the radiation pattern, thereby further reducing the array grating lobe level and improving the gain; a step transition step and a coupling ridge are arranged on the main body of the orthogonal coupler to achieve the separation of horizontally polarized waves and vertically polarized waves and reduce port mutual interference, thereby improving the isolation of the transmitting and receiving ports, and at the same time, the coupling ridge transition section and the step transition section can be used as impedance matching structures, the bottom impedance matching section works in the transmitting frequency band, and the side impedance matching section works in the receiving frequency band, thereby realizing the separation of polarization and frequency; further, by setting the radiation aperture of the horn antenna to a square, two mutually orthogonal electromagnetic waves can be radiated simultaneously, realizing the common aperture radiation of dual-polarized electromagnetic waves, thereby improving the radiation efficiency.

[0076] Those skilled in the art should understand that the discussion of any of the above embodiments is merely illustrative and is not intended to imply that the scope of the present application (including the claims) is limited to these examples. In line with the concept of the present application, the technical features in the above embodiments or different embodiments may be combined, the steps may be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of the different aspects of the embodiments of the present application as described above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of simplicity.

[0077] The embodiments of the present application are intended to cover all such substitutions, modifications and variations that fall within the broad scope of the appended claims. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the embodiments of the present application should be included in the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A dual-frequency dual-polarization antenna unit, characterized in that: include: Radiating loading units, horn antennas and orthogonal couplers; The horn antenna comprises a horn-shaped antenna body; The antenna body includes a feeding port and a radiation port, and the horn antenna has a curved structure; A radiation loading unit, comprising four cylindrical grids, wherein the four cylindrical grids are arranged at the radiation port in a field-shaped distribution; The orthogonal coupler comprises: an output port electrically connected to the feed port and used to transmit a signal to the horn antenna; The first input port is arranged opposite to the output port and is used for transmitting horizontally polarized waves; The second input port is used to transmit vertical polarized waves and intercept horizontal polarized waves to prevent the horizontal polarized waves from leaking. The orthogonal coupler also includes: a first transition section disposed at the first input port; A second transition section disposed at the second input port and used to connect the second input port and the orthogonal coupler body; and, a coupling ridge disposed opposite to the second transition section; The first transition section is a step transition section, the second transition section is a coupling ridge transition section, and the coupling ridge is a short-circuit coupling ridge.

2. The dual-frequency dual-polarization antenna unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The output end is configured as a square; The first input port and the second input port are both configured to have a standard rectangular waveguide size.

3. A dual-frequency dual-polarization subarray phase shift module, comprising: A transmitting feed network, a receiving feed network, and a plurality of dual-frequency dual-polarization antenna units as described in any one of claims 1 to 2 arranged in a straight line; The receiving feed network includes a plurality of first E-plane T-type power dividers connected in sequence, wherein the first E-plane T-type power divider is used to connect the dual-frequency dual-polarization antenna unit and the test structure of the peripheral device; The transmitting feed network includes a plurality of stages of second E-plane T-type power dividers connected in sequence, and the second E-plane T-type power divider is used to connect the dual-frequency dual-polarization antenna unit and the test structure of the peripheral device.

4. The dual-frequency dual-polarization subarray phase shift module according to claim 3, characterized in that: The branching end of the first E-plane T-type power splitter at the last stage of the receiving feed network is used to connect the second input port, and the combining end of the first E-plane T-type power splitter at the first stage of the receiving feed network is used to connect the second input port to the test structure; The branch end of the second E-plane T-type power splitter at the last stage of the transmitting feed network is used to connect the first input port, and the combining end of the first E-plane T-type power splitter at the first stage of the transmitting feed network is used to connect the first input port to the test structure.

5. The dual-frequency dual-polarization subarray phase shift module according to claim 4, characterized in that: The combining end of the first E-plane T-type power divider of the first stage of the receiving and feeding network is set as a receiving and feeding port, and is connected to the test structure through the receiving and feeding port; The combining end of the second E-plane T-type power divider at the last stage of the transmitting feeding network is set as a transmitting feeding port, and is connected to the test structure through the transmitting feeding port.

6. The dual-frequency dual-polarization subarray phase shift module according to claim 5, characterized in that: The connection between the first E-plane T-type power divider of the last stage of the receiving feed network and the first E-plane T-type power divider of the previous stage is set as an E-plane cut-angle structure, and the E-plane cut-angle structure is used to turn the second input port of the azimuth plane to the horizontal plane.

7. The dual-frequency dual-polarization subarray phase shift module according to claim 3, characterized in that: Both the receiving feed port and the transmitting feed port are set to standard waveguide apertures.

8. A dual-frequency dual-polarization phased array antenna array, characterized in that: include: A plurality of dual-frequency dual-polarization subarray phase shifting modules as described in any one of claims 3 to 7; wherein the plurality of dual-frequency dual-polarization subarray phase shifting modules are arranged in sequence so that all the dual-frequency dual-polarization antenna units are arranged in an array.

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