The invention discloses a resonant type fiber-optic gyro coherent demodulation system and method based on interference of externally added light beams. The system includes a laser, a first polarization-maintaining coupler, a Y-branch phase modulator, a phase modulator, an optical fiber resonant cavity, a second polarization-maintaining coupler, a third polarization-maintaining coupler, a first photoelectric detector, a first band-pass filter, a local carrier generation module, a first local carrier phase shift module, a first 90-degree phase shift module, a first multiplier, a second multiplier, a first low-pass filter, a second low-pass filter, a third multiplier, a third low-pass filter, a first digital phase-lock amplifier, a PI servo loop, a fourth polarization-maintaining coupler, a second photoelectric detector, a second band-pass filter, a second local carrier phase shift module, a second 90-degree phase shift module, a fourth multiplier, a fifth multiplier, a fourth low-pass filter, a fifth low-pass filter, a sixth multiplier, a sixth low-pass filter, and a second digital phase-lock amplifier. By local recovery of a carrier with high signal-to-noise ratio, the signal-to-noise ratio of a demodulated signal is improved, the influence of laser frequency noise is reduced, and the resonant type fiber-optic gyro coherent demodulation system and method have important scientific significance and application value.