A method for reverse construction of basement

Abstract

The present application discloses a reverse construction method for a basement, which relates to the field of building construction and comprises the following steps: excavation of a foundation pit; hoisting of a rigid steel column in the first underground section; casting of the basement top plate, wherein steel support beams are pre-buried in the top plate, and a plurality of soil-taking openings are reserved on the top plate to facilitate construction of the next floor; concealed excavation of the lower layer of the base plate through the soil-taking openings; hoisting of the second rigid steel column in the underground section to the first underground section; installing a hand chain hoist on the rigid steel column in the first underground section; hoisting of the second rigid steel column in the underground section by the hand chain hoist so that the top of the second rigid steel column in the underground section is connected to the bottom of the rigid steel column in the underground section and welded and fixed; casting of the basement floor of the first underground section, with soil-taking openings reserved on the basement floor; repeating the above steps according to the number of floors to be built in the basement; forming the basement floor of the lowest basement floor when construction reaches the lowest basement floor; and sealing the soil-taking openings from bottom to top. The present application helps to shorten the overall construction period.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of building construction, and in particular to a reverse construction method for a basement. Background Art

[0002] Currently, when carrying out basement construction, foundation pit excavation is usually carried out first. The excavation depth needs to reach the lowest level of the basement building, and then construction is carried out from the lowest level upwards.

[0003] In practice, when construction needs to be carried out both above and below ground, the above method can only be used to carry out construction from the bottom floor of the basement upwards. The overall construction efficiency is low and there is room for improvement. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to shorten the overall construction period, the present application provides a basement reverse construction method.

[0005] The present application provides a method for reverse construction of a basement using the following technical solutions:

[0006] A basement reverse construction method, the steps are as follows:

[0007] S1: Excavation of foundation pit, the excavation depth is determined according to the construction conditions;

[0008] S2: Hoisting a section of underground rigid steel column; To ensure the synchronous construction of above-ground and underground structures, set

[0009] A support device includes two steel tubes and a steel support beam welded above the two steel tubes, the underground section of the rigid steel column is welded to the steel support beam, and the two steel tubes are respectively inserted into concrete piles to form a force-bearing system;

[0010] S3: Cast the top slab of the basement, where the steel joists are embedded in the top slab and a space is reserved on the top slab.

[0011] Multiple soil borrowing ports facilitate construction of the next layer;

[0012] S4: Conduct underground excavation on the first underground floor through the earthwork opening.

[0013] Operation, digging to a depth of one floor underground;

[0014] S5: Hoist the second underground section of rigid steel columns to the first underground floor;

[0015] S6: Install a hand chain hoist on a rigid steel column underground;

[0016] S7: Use the hand chain hoist to lift the underground two sections of rigid steel columns, so that the underground two sections of rigid steel columns can be lifted.

[0017] The top of the column is butted against the bottom of a rigid steel column in the ground and fixed by welding;

[0018] S8: pouring the basement floor of the underground floor, with a soil opening reserved in the basement floor;

[0019] S9: Repeat steps S5 to S9 according to the number of basement floors.

[0020] S10: When the construction reaches the bottom of the basement, the bottom plate of the basement is formed without reservation.

[0021] soil extraction port;

[0022] S11: Seal the borrow opening from bottom to top.

[0023] By adopting the above technical solution, firstly, the construction of bored piles is completed by using construction machinery and two steel tubes are inserted into the bored piles. Then, the excavator excavates the foundation pit to the designed depth. The underground section of rigid steel columns is hoisted by lifting equipment. The steel support beams on both sides of the underground section of rigid columns are welded firmly to the steel tubes. Then, the steel bars are tied in the foundation pit, the formwork is supported and concrete is poured to form the top plate of the basement. When the top plate construction is completed, it has a certain load-bearing capacity and can be used for ground construction. It can also carry out ground and underground construction at the same time, which helps to reduce the overall construction period. During the construction of the top plate, multiple After the top plate is formed, the soil of the next layer can be excavated through the soil taking port. After the excavation of the underground space is completed, the second underground section rigid steel column is hoisted to the lower space, and a hand winch is installed on the lower side of the first underground section rigid steel column. The second underground section rigid steel column is hoisted by the hand winch, so that the first underground section rigid steel column and the second underground section rigid steel column are welded and fixed, and then the steel bars are tied again, and the top plate of the next side is cast. Similarly, a soil taking port will be reserved on the top plate to facilitate the construction of the next side. In this way, the above operations are repeated according to the actual number of floors of the basement, and the reverse construction of the basement is completed.

[0024] Preferably, in step S3, after the steel tube is hung and inserted into the concrete pile, concrete is poured into the steel tube.

[0025] By adopting the above technical solution, after the steel tube is hoisted and inserted into the cast-in-place pile, concrete is poured into the steel tube, which helps to improve the supporting strength and structural strength of the steel tube.

[0026] Preferably, in step S5, the excavator first digs on the surface through the soil taking port. As the underground space gradually becomes larger, the excavator enters the underground to carry out excavation operations. During this process, the large excavator on the surface will transport the soil excavated from the underground to the ground.

[0027] By adopting the above technical solution, when excavating the next layer, a small excavator is first used to work on the surface, and at the same time, another large excavator is used to transfer the soil away. Then the small excavator goes underground to continue excavating, and the large excavator is always on the surface to transfer the underground soil away.

[0028] Preferably, in step S7, lifting ears are provided on both sides of the underground rigid steel column, and two hand hoists are provided to be hooked and engaged with the corresponding lifting ears.

[0029] By adopting the above technical solution, the hand chain hoist is fixed by utilizing the hook connection between the lifting eye and the hand chain hoist, and is easy to disassemble and assemble.

[0030] Preferably, in step S7, the scaffolding accessories are hoisted to the underground floor, and then the scaffolding is assembled. An operating platform is formed on the scaffolding, and the staff stands on the operating platform to install the hand winch.

[0031] By adopting the above technical solution, since the underground section of the rigid steel column is in a suspended state on the underground first floor, it is convenient for the workers to install the hand winch after the scaffolding is assembled on the underground first floor.

[0032] Preferably, in step S8, the lifting chain of the hand hoist is first pulled to lower the hook, and the two hooks are used to hook the two underground rigid steel columns, and then the two underground rigid steel columns are hoisted up and butted with the first underground rigid steel column. The staff stands on the operating platform of the scaffolding to butt-weld the first underground rigid steel column and the second underground rigid steel column.

[0033] By adopting the above technical solution, the second section of underground rigid steel columns are hoisted with a hand hoist and connected with the first section of underground rigid steel columns, and then the two are fixed by welding to realize the reverse construction of the rigid steel columns.

[0034] Preferably, in step S6, a forklift is hoisted to the underground first floor, and the second underground rigid steel column is transferred by the forklift and moved to the bottom of the first underground rigid steel column.

[0035] By adopting the above technical solution, a forklift is hoisted from the soil excavation port to the underground first floor, and the forklift is used to transfer the second underground rigid steel column to the bottom of the first underground rigid steel column, so that it can be hoisted using a hand winch.

[0036] Preferably, in step S11, embedded steel bars are welded at the bottom of the rigid steel columns of the lowest layer, and then the steel bars are tied and concrete is poured to form a base plate.

[0037] By adopting the above technical solution, multiple embedded steel bars are welded at the lower end of the lowest rigid steel column. When the bottom plate of the lowest layer of the basement is poured, the embedded steel bars are located inside the bottom plate, thereby achieving fixation between the rigid steel column and the bottom plate.

[0038] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0039] 1. The basement roof is poured first. The steel tube plays a supporting role, and the steel joists are used to support the underground rigid steel columns. The use of the underground rigid steel columns helps to improve the supporting strength of the basement. When the roof construction is completed, construction can be carried out upward and downward at the same time, which helps to shorten the actual construction period.

[0040] 2. Install a hand hoist on the lifting lug of the underground rigid steel column to facilitate the lifting of the second underground rigid steel column.

[0041] 3. Use the connection between the embedded steel bars and the base plate to achieve fixation between the lowest layer of rigid steel columns and the base plate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] Figure 1 A flowchart of a reverse construction method for a basement in this application;

[0043] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the basement top-down construction method used in this application;

[0044] Figure 3 This is a structural schematic diagram of a basement reverse construction method applied to the bottom floor.

[0045] Figure numerals: 1. Steel pipe tube; 2. Steel support beam; 3. One underground section of rigid steel column; 31. Lifting lug; 4. Two underground sections of rigid steel column; 5. Hand hoist; 6. Scaffolding; 7. Operating platform; 9. Embedded steel bars. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] The following is combined with Figure 1-3 This application is described in further detail.

[0047] The embodiment of the present application discloses a basement top-down construction method.

[0048] Reference Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 3 The steps of the basement reverse construction method are as follows:

[0049] S1: Excavation of foundation pit, using excavator to carry out excavation work. The excavation depth is determined by the construction conditions and is the construction depth of the basement top slab;

[0050] S2: Hoisting the underground section of rigid steel column 3. To ensure the synchronous construction of the above-ground and underground structures, a supporting device is set up. The supporting device includes two steel tubes 1 and a steel support beam 2 welded above the two steel tubes 1. The underground section of rigid steel column 3 is welded and fixed to the steel support beam 2. The underground section of rigid steel column 3 is set vertically. The two steel tubes 1 are respectively inserted into the concrete piles to form a force-bearing system.

[0051] S3: Casting the basement top slab, first tying the steel bars and then pouring the concrete to form the top slab, wherein the steel joists 2 are pre-embedded in the top slab, and multiple soil holes are reserved on the top slab to facilitate the construction of the next floor;

[0052] S4: Conduct underground excavation of the first underground layer through the borrow port. Use an excavator to dig to the depth of the first underground layer. During this process, the large excavator on the surface will transfer the lower layer to the surface.

[0053] S5: Hoist the second underground section rigid steel column 4 to the first underground floor;

[0054] S6: Install a hand chain hoist 5 on a rigid steel column 3 underground;

[0055] S7: Use the hand chain hoist 5 to lift the underground second section rigid steel column 4, so that the top of the underground second section rigid steel column 4 is connected to the bottom of the underground first section rigid steel column 3 and welded and fixed;

[0056] S8: Tie the steel bars and pour the basement slab of the underground first floor, leaving a hole for soil extraction in the basement slab;

[0057] S9: Repeat steps S5 to S9 according to the number of basement floors.

[0058] S10: When construction reaches the lowest level of the basement, the basement floor is formed without reserving a soil opening;

[0059] S11: Seal the borrow opening from bottom to top.

[0060] During the actual construction process, a bored pile driver is first used to construct cast-in-place piles. After the pile position is formed, the steel pipe tube 1 is inserted and concrete is poured into the steel pipe tube 1 to increase the supporting strength. Then the excavator excavates the foundation pit and digs to the designed depth. The underground section of rigid steel column 3 is hoisted by a lifting equipment. The steel support beams 2 on both sides of the underground section of rigid column 3 are firmly welded to the steel pipe tube 1. Then, steel bars are tied in the foundation pit, formwork is supported, and concrete is poured to form the top plate of the basement. At this time, the upper end of the steel pipe tube 1 is buried in the top plate, the steel support beam 2 is completely buried in the top plate, the middle part of the underground section of rigid steel column 3 is buried in the top plate, and both the upper and lower ends protrude from the top plate. During the pouring process, a soil taking port is reserved, and the excavator is used to excavate the next layer from the soil taking port. During the excavation process , the excavator will enter the underground layer for further excavation work, and some large excavators will always be reserved on the surface for transporting soil; use a car crane or winch to lift the second underground rigid steel column 4 to the underground layer, and install a hand winch 5 at the lower end of the underground rigid steel column 3, use the hand winch 5 to lift the second underground rigid steel column 4 and connect it with the bottom of the underground rigid steel column 3, and then use butt welding to weld the two together, and then tie concrete, pour the bottom plate of the underground layer, and reserve a soil taking port on the bottom plate; repeat the above steps according to the actual number of floors of the basement. When the construction reaches the last floor, there is no need to reserve a soil taking port when pouring the bottom plate of the bottom layer. After the construction is completed, the soil taking ports are blocked in sequence from bottom to top to complete the construction of the basement.

[0061] In step S6, a forklift is hoisted to the underground first floor using a lifting device, and the second underground rigid steel column 4 hoisted down is received by the forklift. The forklift is then moved to move the second underground rigid steel column 4 to the bottom of the first underground rigid steel column 3.

[0062] In step S7, the scaffolding 6 accessories are hoisted to the underground floor, and then the scaffolding 6 is assembled, and an operating platform 7 is formed on the scaffolding 6; the two sides of the underground rigid steel column 3 are welded and fixed with lifting ears 31, and the staff stands on the operating platform 7 and hooks the two hand hoists 5 onto the lifting ears 31 on both sides of the underground rigid steel column 3.

[0063] Then the staff hooked the hook of the hand hoist 5 with the second underground rigid steel column 4, and then pulled the chain to lift the second underground rigid steel column 4 and connect it with the first underground rigid steel column 3. The staff stood on the operating platform 7 of the scaffolding 6 to butt weld the two to achieve fixation.

[0064] In step S11, when the construction reaches the bottom layer, multiple embedded steel bars 9 are welded and fixed at the lower end of the rigid steel column of the bottom layer, and then the steel bars are tied, concrete is poured, and the base plate is formed. The embedded steel bars 9 are located inside the base plate to achieve the connection between the rigid steel column and the base plate.

[0065] In step S12, the construction machinery in the basement is hoisted to the surface, and then the earth-boring openings are closed in sequence from bottom to top to complete the entire construction operation.

[0066] The implementation principle of a reverse construction method for a basement in an embodiment of the present application is: the top plate of the basement is constructed in advance, and the rigid steel columns are constructed in a reverse manner. The supporting strength of the top plate can be improved first, and then construction can be carried out upward and downward at the same time, which helps to shorten the construction period.

[0067] The above are all preferred embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, any equivalent changes made based on the structure, shape, and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for reverse construction of a basement, comprising the following steps: S1: Excavation of foundation pit, the excavation depth is determined according to the construction conditions; S2: hoisting a section of underground rigid steel column (3); in order to ensure synchronous construction of above-ground and underground structures, a supporting device is provided, comprising two steel tubes (1) and a steel support beam (2) welded above the two steel tubes (1); the underground rigid steel column (3) is welded to the steel support beam (2), and the two steel tubes (1) are respectively inserted into the concrete cast-in-place piles to form a force-bearing system; S3: pouring the top slab of the basement, wherein the steel support beam (2) is pre-buried in the top slab, and multiple soil taking holes are reserved on the top slab to facilitate the construction of the next layer; S4: Conduct underground excavation on the first underground floor through the borrow hole to the depth of the first underground floor; S5: hoist the second underground rigid steel column (4) to the first underground floor; S6: Install a hand chain hoist (5) on a rigid steel column (3) underground; S7: Use the hand chain hoist (5) to hoist the underground second section rigid steel column (4), so that the top of the underground second section rigid steel column (4) is docked with the bottom of the underground first section rigid steel column (3) and welded and fixed; the two sides of the underground first section rigid steel column (3) are provided with lifting ears (31), and two hand chain hoists (5) are provided to hook and cooperate with the corresponding lifting ears (31); hoist the scaffolding (6) accessories to the underground first floor, and then assemble the scaffolding (6), and form an operating platform (7) on the scaffolding (6), and the staff stands on the operating platform (7) to install the hand chain hoist (5); S8: pouring the base plate of the underground layer, with a soil taking opening reserved in the base plate; first pulling the lifting chain of the hand chain hoist (5) to lower the hook, using the two hooks to hook the two underground rigid steel columns (4), and then hoisting the two underground rigid steel columns (4) and butting them with the first underground rigid steel column (3). The staff standing on the operating platform (7) of the scaffolding (6) performs butt welding on the first underground rigid steel column (3) and the second underground rigid steel column (4); S9: Repeat steps S5 to S9 according to the number of basement floors. S10: When construction reaches the lowest level of the basement, the basement floor is formed without reserving a soil opening; S11: Seal the borrow opening from bottom to top.

2. A basement top-down construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, after the steel tube (1) is inserted into the cast-in-place pile, concrete is poured into the steel tube (1).

3. The method for top-down construction of a basement according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, the excavator first digs on the surface through the soil-boring opening. As the underground space gradually becomes larger, the excavator enters the underground to carry out excavation operations. During this process, the large excavator on the surface will transport the soil excavated from the underground to the ground.

4. The method for top-down construction of a basement according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S6, a forklift is hoisted to the underground first floor, and the underground second section rigid steel column (4) is transferred by the forklift and moved to the bottom of the underground first section rigid steel column (3).

5. The method for top-down construction of a basement according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S11, embedded steel bars (9) are welded at the bottom of the lowest layer of rigid steel columns, and then the steel bars are tied and concrete is poured to form a base plate.

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