A multi-stage active and passive protection battery module for lithium-ion batteries

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of multistage active and passive protection battery module of lithium ion battery, including lithium ion battery body and metal shell, the inside of the metal shell is equipped with heat control mechanism, the lithium ion battery body is equipped in heat control mechanism inside, the upper end of the lithium ion battery body is equipped with tab, pressure relief valve and fire-retardant agent respectively, the inside bottom of the metal shell is equipped with liquid cooling plate, the lithium ion battery body is equipped in the upper end of liquid cooling plate, the inside upper end of the metal shell is fixedly installed with energy directional pipe, the inside of the energy directional pipe is equipped with fire-resistant pressure-resistant cover plate, the upper end of the fire-resistant pressure-resistant cover plate is equipped with one-way spray valve, the left and right sides of the metal shell are symmetrically equipped with vent opening.This scheme is through fire-retardant agent on the lithium ion battery body and the buffer zone above cooperation, when lithium ion battery body occurs thermal runaway, temperature rises, reaches the melting point of wrapping material, fire-retardant agent is released into buffer space, can effectively inhibit fire.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electrochemical energy storage lithium-ion battery technology, and more specifically, to a battery module with multi-level active and passive protection for lithium-ion batteries. Background Technology

[0002] Energy storage technology is a crucial supporting technology for mitigating power fluctuations, aggregating clean energy, and reconstructing new power systems, playing a vital role in all aspects of power generation, transmission, distribution, and consumption. Currently, my country's energy storage technology is primarily based on electrochemical energy storage, with lithium-ion batteries dominating due to their superior electrochemical and cycle performance. However, under improper use conditions such as electrical abuse, thermal abuse, and mechanical abuse, lithium-ion batteries are highly susceptible to chemical reactions and heat generation between battery materials and their interactions, producing large amounts of heat and flammable gases, leading to thermal runaway and fire. It can be said that the inherent chemical reactivity of lithium-ion batteries results in an inherently high fire risk. Therefore, to ensure the safety of energy storage power stations, it is essential to prevent thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries. In energy storage power stations, preventing thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries involves two main aspects: first, preventing the accumulation of heat within the lithium-ion battery; and second, preventing the transfer of heat to adjacent lithium-ion batteries after thermal runaway occurs in a single battery, and ensuring that the thermal runaway energy is effectively dissipated. Methods to prevent thermal runaway in lithium-ion batteries mainly include air cooling, liquid cooling, and temperature control using phase change materials.

[0003] A Chinese patent, CN113921955A, retrieved from the China Patent Network, discloses a lithium-ion battery with temperature stability filled with phase change material. This patent fills the space between the pouch cell and the battery casing with phase change material, which can control the temperature of the lithium-ion battery to some extent and prevent thermal runaway. However, it has several drawbacks: once a single cell experiences thermal runaway, it is difficult to suppress the propagation of the runaway; filling the space between the pouch cell and the battery casing with phase change material may affect the battery's lifespan; when a lithium-ion battery experiences thermal runaway, the energy generated, such as gas, cannot be expelled from the module, and an explosion may occur if the temperature rises further; and when a single lithium-ion battery experiences thermal runaway, it is difficult to suppress the propagation of the runaway.

[0004] To address the shortcomings of current technology, this invention proposes a multi-level active and passive protection battery module that combines phase change material and liquid cooling plate temperature control, high-efficiency heat insulation material, flame retardant agent for fire extinguishing and cooling, and directional energy emission. Summary of the Invention

[0005] 1. Technical problems to be solved

[0006] To address the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a battery module with multi-level active and passive protection for lithium-ion batteries. This solution adds a heat control mechanism to the inside of the metal casing. Through the cooperation of a high thermal conductivity fin heat conduction structure, the fin body, the phase change material layer, and the heat insulation material layer, this structure has high thermal conductivity, which can accelerate the heat transfer between the phase change material layer and the lithium-ion battery body, helping to maintain the temperature balance between the lithium-ion battery body and the phase change material layer, and controlling the temperature of the lithium-ion battery body within a certain range, effectively preventing thermal runaway of the lithium-ion battery body. When thermal runaway occurs in the lithium-ion battery body, heat is conducted to the high thermal conductivity fin heat conduction structure. Due to the presence of the heat insulation material, the heat will not be conducted to the nearby lithium-ion battery body. Through the synergistic effect of the liquid cooling plate and the phase change material layer, the temperature of the lithium-ion battery body can be effectively controlled within a safe range.

[0007] 2. Technical Solution

[0008] To solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution.

[0009] A multi-level active and passive protection battery module for lithium-ion batteries includes a lithium-ion battery body and a metal casing. A heat control mechanism is located inside the metal casing, and the lithium-ion battery body is located inside the heat control mechanism. The upper end of the lithium-ion battery body is provided with tabs, a pressure relief valve, and a flame retardant agent. A liquid cooling plate is located at the bottom inner side of the metal casing, and the lithium-ion battery body is located above the liquid cooling plate. An energy directional conduit is fixedly installed on the inner upper end of the metal casing. A fire-resistant and pressure-resistant cover plate is located inside the energy directional conduit, and a one-way spray valve is located at the upper end of the fire-resistant and pressure-resistant cover plate. Vents are symmetrically opened on both the left and right sides of the metal casing. A wiring hole is located inside the metal casing, and a wiring mechanism is located on the back of the metal casing.

[0010] The heat control mechanism includes a high thermal conductivity finned heat conduction structure. The inner side of the high thermal conductivity finned heat conduction structure is provided with fin bodies, and a phase change material layer is provided between the fin bodies. The outer side of the high thermal conductivity finned heat conduction structure is provided with a heat insulation material layer, which is located on the inner side of the metal shell.

[0011] Furthermore, a buffer zone is provided between the upper end of the lithium-ion battery body and the high thermal conductivity fin heat conduction structure.

[0012] Furthermore, the high thermal conductivity fin thermal conductive structure is shaped like a cuboid thin-walled hole, with openings on both the top and bottom sides, and the high thermal conductivity fin thermal conductive structure is in close contact with the lithium-ion battery body on all four sides.

[0013] Furthermore, the heat insulation material layer is in the shape of a rectangular thin-walled box, and the outer side of the high thermal conductivity fin heat conduction structure is in close contact with the heat insulation material layer.

[0014] Furthermore, the liquid cooling plate and the bottom of the lithium-ion battery body are attached to each other.

[0015] Furthermore, the fire-resistant and pressure-resistant cover plate, the high thermal conductivity rib thermal conductive structure, and the thermal insulation material layer are bonded together.

[0016] Furthermore, the wiring mechanism includes a mounting base, which is fixedly mounted on the back of the metal casing. The back of the mounting base has a rectangular hole and a wiring terminal. The rectangular hole is located on one side of the wiring terminal. The back of the mounting base has a positioning clip. A protective cover is fixedly mounted on the back of the mounting base. An arc-blocking block is provided on the inner side of the protective cover. The arc-blocking block has a groove on the side facing the positioning clip. A fireproof mechanism is provided on the inner side of the protective cover. A protective mechanism is provided on the outer side of the protective cover.

[0017] Furthermore, the threading hole and the rectangular hole are interconnected, the protective cover and the mounting base are plugged in, the mounting base is fixedly installed by screws and the metal shell, and the protective cover is fixedly installed by screws and the mounting base.

[0018] Furthermore, the fire prevention mechanism includes a smoke guide channel located inside the protective cover. The smoke guide channel is equipped with a fire extinguishing head and a smoke sensing module on its inner side. The protective cover has an assembly cavity on its inner side, and a gas fire extinguishing module is located inside the assembly cavity. The protective cover has a control module on its outer side.

[0019] Furthermore, the protection mechanism includes a wire hole located on the outside of the protective cover. A fixing groove is provided at the opening of the wire hole, and a protective tube head is threadedly connected to the inside of the fixing groove.

[0020] 3. Beneficial effects

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of this invention are:

[0022] (1) This solution adds a heat control mechanism to the inside of the metal casing. Through the high thermal conductivity fin heat conduction structure, the fin body, the phase change material layer and the heat insulation material layer work together. This structure has high thermal conductivity, which can accelerate the heat transfer between the phase change material layer and the lithium-ion battery body. It helps to maintain the temperature balance between the lithium-ion battery body and the phase change material layer, and controls the temperature of the lithium-ion battery body within a certain range. It can effectively prevent the thermal runaway of the lithium-ion battery body. When the lithium-ion battery body experiences thermal runaway, the heat is conducted to the high thermal conductivity fin heat conduction structure. Due to the presence of the heat insulation material, the heat will not be conducted to the nearby lithium-ion battery body. Through the synergistic effect of the liquid cooling plate and the phase change material layer, the temperature of the lithium-ion battery body can be effectively controlled within a safe range. This achieves multi-level active and passive protection of the battery module, which can effectively ensure the safety of the battery module and prevent fire and explosion accidents.

[0023] (2) This solution indirectly controls the temperature of the lithium-ion battery body by exchanging heat with the phase change material layer and the high thermal conductivity fin heat conduction structure. Through the synergistic effect of the liquid cooling plate and the phase change material layer, the temperature of the lithium-ion battery can be effectively controlled within a safe range.

[0024] (3) This solution uses the flame retardant agent on the lithium-ion battery body and the buffer zone above it to release the flame retardant agent into the buffer space when the lithium-ion battery body experiences thermal runaway and the temperature rises to the melting point of the encapsulated material, which can effectively suppress the fire.

[0025] (4) The thermal control mechanism of this solution can prevent thermal runaway and its propagation; the one-way spray valve, buffer space and energy directional conduit can directionally discharge the thermal runaway gas from the battery module after the lithium-ion battery experiences thermal runaway, thus preventing the thermal runaway gas from accumulating in the battery module.

[0026] (5) This solution uses an energy directional conduit, a one-way spray valve, a fire-resistant and pressure-resistant cover plate, and a vent hole. When the pressure relief valve of the lithium-ion battery is opened, the gas inside the lithium-ion battery body is released into the buffer space. If the temperature of the lithium-ion battery continues to rise, the gas inside the lithium-ion battery body is released into the buffer zone. The pressure in the buffer zone is greater than that of the external environment. The gas is released into the energy directional conduit through the one-way spray valve and finally discharged through the vent hole. The gas and pressure released by the thermal runaway of the lithium-ion battery body are discharged through the one-way spray valve, which can effectively prevent the thermal runaway energy release of a single lithium-ion battery body from affecting other nearby batteries.

[0027] (6) This solution involves installing a mounting base on the back of the metal casing, then connecting the electrode connecting wire through the wire hole, and completing the connection between the lines through the wiring terminals on the mounting base. The lines are positioned by the positioning wire clips, and the connecting wires are passed through the wire hole and then fixed by the fixing groove on the protective cover. This reduces wear on the wires and enhances the sealing and protection of the lithium-ion battery body circuit parts.

[0028] (7) In this solution, when a single lithium-ion battery cell experiences a short circuit, the connecting wire is ignited in the space between the mounting base and the protective cover. When the smoke sensing module on the smoke guide groove in the protective cover receives the sensing signal, the smoke sensing module transmits the signal to the control module. The control module then activates the gas extinguishing module in the assembly cavity, which allows the extinguishing head in the smoke guide groove to release carbon dioxide or inert gas, thus achieving the protection of fire extinguishing. This does not easily affect the safety of the connecting lines of other lithium-ion battery cells. Furthermore, the wiring between lithium-ion battery cells is installed using positioning clips and grooves with arc-blocking blocks, which further enhances the protection. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the metal casing of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the heat control mechanism of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the mounting base structure of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the protective cover of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a partial internal structure of the assembly cavity of the present invention.

[0035] Explanation of the labels in the diagram:

[0036] 1. Lithium-ion battery body; 2. Electrode tabs; 3. Pressure relief valve; 4. Flame retardant; 5. Heat control mechanism; 501. High thermal conductivity finned heat conduction structure; 502. Fin body; 503. Phase change material layer; 504. Heat insulation material layer; 6. Wiring mechanism; 601. Mounting base; 602. Rectangular hole; 603. Terminal block; 604. Protective cover; 605. Arc block; 7. Positioning clip; 8. Groove; 9. Protection mechanism; 90 1. Wire hole; 902. Protective tube head; 903. Fixing groove; 10. Fire-resistant and pressure-resistant cover plate; 11. One-way spray valve; 12. Energy directional conduit; 13. Vent; 14. Liquid cooling plate; 15. Metal shell; 16. Fireproof mechanism; 161. Fire extinguishing head; 162. Smoke detection module; 163. Smoke guide trough; 164. Assembly cavity; 165. Gas extinguishing module; 166. Control module; 17. Wiring hole; 18. Buffer zone. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper," "lower," "inner," "outer," "top / bottom," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0039] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installed," "equipped with," "sleeved / connected," "connected," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connection" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be a connection within two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0040] Example:

[0041] Please see Figure 1-6A battery module with multi-level active and passive protection for lithium-ion batteries includes a lithium-ion battery body 1 and a metal casing 15, with a heat control mechanism 5 provided on the inner side of the metal casing 15. [1-6] The lithium-ion battery body 1 is located inside the heat control mechanism 5. The upper end of the lithium-ion battery body 1 is provided with tabs 2, pressure relief valve 3 and flame retardant agent 4. [7-8] The inner bottom of the metal casing 15 is provided with a liquid cooling plate 14, the lithium-ion battery body 1 is located on the upper end of the liquid cooling plate 14, an energy directional conduit 12 is fixedly installed on the inner side of the upper end of the metal casing 15, a fire-resistant and pressure-resistant cover plate 10 is provided on the inner side of the energy directional conduit 12, a one-way spray valve 11 is provided on the upper end of the fire-resistant and pressure-resistant cover plate 10, vents 13 are symmetrically opened on the left and right sides of the metal casing 15, a wire hole 17 is provided on the inner side of the metal casing 15, and a wiring mechanism 6 is provided on the back of the metal casing 15; the wire hole 17 is sealed with explosion-proof sealing putty.

[0042] In this embodiment, the length * thickness * width of the lithium-ion battery body 1 is 173mm * 120mm * 40mm, and the nominal capacity of the battery is 65Ah. This example is a battery module composed of 6 lithium-ion batteries. The main application of this invention is the square lithium-ion battery body 1, but the square batteries to which this structure is applicable include, but are not limited to, this specification, and it is also applicable to other specifications of batteries.

[0043] In this embodiment, the lithium-ion battery body 1 generates heat during normal use. This heat is first transferred to the high thermal conductivity finned heat conduction structure 501, and then transferred to the phase change material layer through the high thermal conductivity finned heat conduction structure 501. The phase change material layer absorbs the heat to maintain the temperature balance of the battery. At the same time, the liquid cooling plate 14 also exchanges heat with the lithium-ion battery body 1, the high thermal conductivity finned heat conduction structure 501, and the phase change material layer. Under the synergistic effect of the phase change material layer, the high thermal conductivity finned heat conduction structure 501, and the liquid cooling plate 14, the lithium-ion battery body 1... The temperature is regulated and controlled to ensure that the temperature of the lithium-ion battery body 1 is within a safe range. In this example, paraffin is used as the phase change material layer (widely available, inexpensive, non-toxic and non-corrosive, with low thermal conductivity). Other types of phase change material layers (such as paraffin composite phase change material layers) can also be selected according to actual conditions. The high thermal conductivity fin heat conduction structure 501 is made of aluminum. Aluminum has low cost and high thermal conductivity. Other materials can also be selected according to actual conditions. Considering cost issues, water is selected as the cooling medium for the liquid cooling plate 14.

[0044] Please see Figure 1-3The heat control mechanism 5 includes a high thermal conductivity finned heat conduction structure 501. A fin body 502 is provided on the inner side of the high thermal conductivity finned heat conduction structure 501, and a phase change material layer 503 is provided between the fin bodies 502. A heat insulation material layer 504 is provided on the outer side of the high thermal conductivity finned heat conduction structure 501, and the heat insulation material layer 504 is located on the inner side of the metal casing 15. The high thermal conductivity finned heat conduction structure 501 is shaped like a rectangular parallelepiped with thin walls, and both its upper and lower sides are open. The high thermal conductivity finned heat conduction structure 501 is in contact with the lithium-ion battery body 1 on all four sides. The heat insulation material layer 504 is also shaped like a rectangular parallelepiped with thin walls, and the outer side of the high thermal conductivity finned heat conduction structure 501 is in contact with the heat insulation material layer 504. The high thermal conductivity finned heat conduction structure 501 has a porous structure, with fins separating the holes, and the holes are filled with… The structure contains a phase change material layer, which has high thermal conductivity. This accelerates heat transfer between the phase change material layer and the lithium-ion battery body 1, helps maintain the temperature balance between the lithium-ion battery body 1 and the phase change material layer, and controls the temperature of the lithium-ion battery body 1 within a certain range. This effectively prevents thermal runaway of the lithium-ion battery body 1. The lithium-ion battery body 1, the high thermal conductivity fin heat conduction structure 501, and the heat insulation material layer 504 constitute a basic unit. The arrangement of such a basic unit forms a battery module. The heat insulation material layer 504 has heat insulation and flame retardant functions. When the lithium-ion battery body 1 experiences thermal runaway, the heat is conducted to the high thermal conductivity fin heat conduction structure 501. Due to the presence of the heat insulation material layer 504, the heat will not be conducted to the nearby lithium-ion battery body 1, effectively preventing the propagation of thermal runaway of the lithium-ion battery body 1.

[0045] In this embodiment, when the lithium-ion battery body 1 experiences thermal runaway due to electrical abuse, mechanical abuse, or thermal abuse, the phase change material layer and liquid cooling plate 14 are no longer able to control the temperature of the lithium-ion battery body 1 within a certain safe range. Due to the presence of the heat insulation material layer 504, heat will be difficult to transfer to the adjacent lithium-ion battery body 1, thereby effectively suppressing the propagation of thermal runaway. The heat insulation material layer 504 includes, but is not limited to, aerogel heat insulation material, vacuum plate heat insulation material, etc.

[0046] Please see Figure 1-3 The liquid cooling plate 14 and the bottom of the lithium-ion battery body 1 are in contact with each other, and the bottom of the phase change material layer 503 and the high thermal conductivity fin heat conduction structure 501 are in contact with each other. The liquid cooling plate 14 is in good contact with the bottom surface of the lithium-ion battery body 1, the bottom surface of the phase change material layer and the bottom surface of the high thermal conductivity fin heat conduction structure 501. It can not only directly cool down the lithium-ion battery body 1, but also indirectly control the temperature of the lithium-ion battery through heat exchange with the phase change material layer and the high thermal conductivity fin heat conduction structure 501. Through the synergistic effect of the liquid cooling plate 14 and the phase change material, the temperature of the lithium-ion battery can be effectively controlled within a safe range.

[0047] In this embodiment, the height of the buffer zone 18 is 30cm. The presence of the buffer zone 18 facilitates the release of energy gas pressure after thermal runaway of the lithium-ion battery body 1. A one-way spray valve is located directly above the pressure relief valve 3. The one-way spray valve can release the energy in the buffer zone 18 into the energy directional conduit 12, while preventing external energy from entering the buffer zone 18. A flame retardant agent 4 is installed in the buffer zone 18. The flame retardant agent 4 is coated with a low-melting-point substance, including but not limited to polyethylene glycol (non-flammable), paraffin wax (flame-retardant), and polyethylene (flammable).

[12] Considering the fire hazard, non-combustible materials are given priority. There are four types of flame retardants, and the dosage, shape, fixing method, and fixing location are determined according to the situation. The shape includes but is not limited to spherical and square shapes, and the fixing method includes but is not limited to adhesive and mechanical fixing.

[0048] Please see Figure 1-3 A buffer zone 18 is provided between the upper end of the lithium-ion battery body 1 and the high thermal conductivity fin heat conduction structure 501. The high thermal conductivity fin heat conduction structure 501 and the heat insulation material layer 504 are several centimeters higher than the lithium-ion battery body 1, leaving a certain buffer space between the lithium-ion battery body 1 and the fire-resistant and pressure-resistant cover plate 10. The existence of this buffer zone 18 is conducive to the release of energy gas and pressure after the lithium-ion battery body 1 experiences thermal runaway.

[0049] In this embodiment, the fire-resistant and pressure-resistant cover plate 10 is well bonded to the high thermal conductivity fin heat-conducting structure 501 and the heat insulation material layer 504. The buffer zone 18 between the lithium-ion battery body 1 and the fire-resistant and pressure-resistant cover plate 10 can be considered as a sealed space. The presence of the fire-resistant and pressure-resistant cover plate 10 suppresses the fire of the lithium-ion battery body 1 within the buffer zone 18, effectively preventing the spread of the fire. When the pressure relief valve 3 on the lithium-ion battery body 1 is opened, the gas inside the lithium-ion battery body 1 is released into the buffer zone 18. The pressure in the buffer space is greater than that of the external environment, and the gas is released into the energy directional conduit 12 through the one-way spray valve, and finally discharged through the vent 13. Both the fire-resistant and pressure-resistant cover plate 10 and the energy directional conduit 12 are made of steel plate, but other materials can also be selected according to the actual situation. The diameter of the vent hole is 10mm, which can be adjusted according to the actual situation. Finally, the entire module is sealed by the metal shell 15.

[0050] Please see Figure 4-6The wiring mechanism 6 includes a mounting base 601, which is fixedly mounted on the back of the metal housing 15. The back of the mounting base 601 has a rectangular hole 602 and a terminal block 603. The rectangular hole 602 is located on one side of the terminal block 603. A positioning clip 7 is provided on the back of the mounting base 601. A protective cover 604 is fixedly mounted on the back of the mounting base 601. An arc-blocking block 605 is provided on the inner side of the protective cover 604. A groove 8 is provided on the side of the arc-blocking block 605 facing the positioning clip 7. A fire-resistant mechanism 16 is provided on the inner side of the protective cover 604, and a protective mechanism 9 is provided on the outer side of the protective cover 604. The wiring mechanism works by mounting the mounting base 601 (partially extending into the interior) on the back of the metal housing 15 and then passing the wire through the through hole 1. 7. Connect the electrode 2 connecting wire and complete the connection between the lines through the terminal 603 on the mounting base 601. The line is positioned by the positioning clip 7. After the connecting wire passes through the wire hole 901 and the protective tube head 902, it is fixed by the fixing groove 903 on the protective cover 604, which can reduce the wear of the wire and at the same time enhance the sealing and protection of the lithium-ion battery circuit. The wire hole 17 and the rectangular hole 602 are interconnected. The protective cover 604 and the mounting base 601 are plugged in and connected. The mounting base 601 is fixedly installed by screws and the metal shell 15. The fireproof mechanism 16 includes a smoke guide 163. 3. Inside the protective cover 604, the smoke guide 163 is equipped with a fire extinguishing head 161 and a smoke sensing module 162. Inside the protective cover 604, there is an assembly cavity 164, and inside the assembly cavity 164, there is a gas fire extinguishing module 165. Outside the protective cover 604, there is a control module 166. The protection mechanism 9 includes a wire hole 901, which is located outside the protective cover 604. A fixing groove 903 is provided at the opening of the wire hole 901, and a protective tube head 902 is threadedly connected to the inside of the fixing groove 903. When one of the lithium-ion battery bodies 1 experiences a short circuit, the connecting wire is ignited in the space between the mounting base 601 and the protective cover 604. When the smoke guide 163 in the protective cover 604... When the smoke sensor module 162 receives the sensing signal, it transmits the signal to the control module 166. The control module 166 then controls the gas extinguishing module 165 in the assembly cavity 164 to release carbon dioxide or inert gas from the extinguishing head 161 in the smoke guide trough 163, achieving the protection of fire extinguishing and minimizing the impact on the safety of other lithium-ion battery cell connection lines. Furthermore, the wiring between lithium-ion battery cells is installed using the positioning clip 7 in conjunction with the groove 8 with the arc-blocking block 605, further enhancing protection. The control module 166 is also equipped with an alarm, which can be triggered by the signal from the smoke sensor module 162.

[0051] In use, this invention adds a high thermal conductivity finned heat-conducting structure 501 to the metal casing 15 and places the lithium-ion battery body 1 inside. This structure has high thermal conductivity, which can accelerate the heat transfer between the phase change material layer and the lithium-ion battery body 1, helping to maintain the temperature balance between the lithium-ion battery body 1 and the phase change material layer, and controlling the temperature of the lithium-ion battery within a certain range. Through the synergistic effect of the liquid cooling plate 14 and the phase change material layer, the temperature of the lithium-ion battery body 1 can be effectively controlled within a safe range. The heat insulation material layer 504 outside the high thermal conductivity finned heat-conducting structure 501 has a heat insulation and flame retardant effect. When the lithium-ion battery body 1 experiences thermal runaway, heat is conducted to the high thermal conductivity finned heat dissipation structure. Due to the heat insulation material layer 504, the heat is absorbed and released. The presence of heat prevents it from being conducted to the nearby lithium-ion battery body 1, effectively preventing the propagation of thermal runaway from the lithium-ion battery body 1. When the pressure relief valve 3 of the lithium-ion battery body 1 opens, the gas inside the lithium-ion battery body 1 is released into the buffer zone 18. The main components of these gases include hydrogen, methane, ethane, and ethylene. If the temperature of the lithium-ion battery continues to rise, combustion and explosion may occur. The gas inside the lithium-ion battery body 1 is released into the buffer space, and the pressure in the buffer zone 18 is greater than that in the external environment. The flame retardant 4 is wrapped by a low-melting-point material. When the lithium-ion battery body 1 experiences thermal runaway, the temperature rises to the melting point of the wrapping material, and the flame retardant 4 is released into the buffer zone 18, effectively suppressing the fire. At the same time, the gas is released into the energy directional conduit 12 through the one-way spray valve. The gas and pressure released from the thermal runaway of the lithium-ion battery body 1 are then discharged through the vent 13 and the one-way spray valve, effectively preventing the energy released from the thermal runaway of a single battery from affecting other nearby batteries. When the battery module is in operation, a mounting base 601 is installed on the back of the metal casing 15, and then the connecting wires of the tabs 2 are connected through the wire hole 17. The wiring is completed through the terminals 603 on the mounting base 601. The wiring is positioned by the positioning clip 7, and the connecting wires are passed through the wire hole 901 and the protective tube head 902, and then fixed by the fixing groove 903 on the protective cover 604. This protects the wires and enhances the sealing and protection of the wiring area of ​​the lithium-ion battery body 1. Whenever a single lithium-ion battery... When a single sub-battery 1 experiences a short circuit, the connecting wire ignites in the space between the mounting base 601 and the protective cover 604. When the smoke sensor module 162 on the smoke guide 163 in the protective cover 604 receives a signal, it transmits the signal to the control module 166. The control module 166 then activates the gas extinguishing module 165 in the assembly cavity 164, causing the extinguishing head 161 in the smoke guide 163 to release carbon dioxide or inert gas, thus providing fire protection and minimizing the risk of affecting the safety of other lithium-ion battery cell connection lines. Furthermore, the wiring between lithium-ion battery cells is further protected by the positioning clip 7 and the groove 8 with the arc-blocking block 605.If a short circuit in the connecting wire causes a battery module malfunction, the smoke detection module 162 will trigger an alarm on the control module 166 to facilitate notification to the user for repair.

[0052] References:

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[0065] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention; however, the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and its improved concepts, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A battery module with multi-level active and passive protection for lithium-ion batteries, comprising a lithium-ion battery body (1) and a metal casing (15), characterized in that: The inner side of the metal shell (15) is provided with a heat control mechanism (5), the lithium-ion battery body (1) is located inside the heat control mechanism (5), the upper end of the lithium-ion battery body (1) is provided with tabs (2), pressure relief valve (3) and flame retardant agent (4), the bottom of the inner side of the metal shell (15) is provided with a liquid cooling plate (14), the lithium-ion battery body (1) is located at the upper end of the liquid cooling plate (14), the inner side of the upper end of the metal shell (15) is fixedly installed with an energy directional conduit (12), the inner side of the energy directional conduit (12) is provided with a fire-resistant and pressure-resistant cover plate (10), the upper end of the fire-resistant and pressure-resistant cover plate (10) is provided with a one-way spray valve (11), the left and right sides of the metal shell (15) are symmetrically provided with a vent (13), the inner side of the metal shell (15) is provided with a wire hole (17), and the back of the metal shell (15) is provided with a wiring mechanism (6). The heat control mechanism (5) includes a high thermal conductivity finned heat conduction structure (501), with fin bodies (502) on the inner side of the high thermal conductivity finned heat conduction structure (501), a phase change material layer (503) between the fin bodies (502), and a heat insulation material layer (504) on the outer side of the high thermal conductivity finned heat conduction structure (501). The heat insulation material layer (504) is located on the inner side of the metal casing (15). The wiring mechanism (6) includes a mounting base ( 601), the mounting base (601) is fixedly installed on the back of the metal shell (15). The back of the mounting base (601) is provided with a rectangular hole (602) and a terminal block (603). The wire hole (17) and the rectangular hole (602) are interconnected. The connecting wire of the electrode (2) is connected through the wire hole (17), and the connection between the lines is completed through the terminal block (603) on the mounting base (601). The rectangular hole (602) is located on one side of the terminal block (603). The back of the mounting base (601) is provided with a positioning wire clip (7). The back of the mounting base (601) is fixedly installed with a protective cover (604). The inner side of the protective cover (604) is provided with an arc-blocking block (605). The side of the arc-blocking block (605) facing the positioning wire clip (7) is provided with a groove (8). The inner side of the protective cover (604) is provided with a fireproof mechanism (16). The outer side of the protective cover (604) is provided with a protective mechanism (9). The fire protection mechanism (16) includes a smoke guide channel (163), which is located inside the protective cover (604). The smoke guide channel (163) is provided with a fire extinguishing head (161) and a smoke sensing module (162) on the inner side of the smoke guide channel (163). The protective cover (604) is provided with an assembly cavity (164) on the inner side of the assembly cavity (164). A gas fire extinguishing module (165) is provided inside the assembly cavity (164). A control module (166) is provided on the outer side of the protective cover (604).

2. A battery module with multi-level active and passive protection for lithium-ion batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: A buffer zone (18) is provided between the upper end of the lithium-ion battery body (1) and the high thermal conductivity fin heat conduction structure (501).

3. A battery module with multi-level active and passive protection for lithium-ion batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high thermal conductivity fin heat conduction structure (501) is shaped like a cuboid thin-walled hole. Both the upper and lower sides of the high thermal conductivity fin heat conduction structure (501) are open. The high thermal conductivity fin heat conduction structure (501) is in contact with the lithium-ion battery body (1) on all four sides.

4. A battery module with multi-level active and passive protection for lithium-ion batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat insulation material layer (504) is in the shape of a rectangular thin-walled box, and the outer side of the high thermal conductivity rib heat conduction structure (501) is in contact with the heat insulation material layer (504).

5. A battery module with multi-level active and passive protection for lithium-ion batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The liquid cooling plate (14) and the bottom of the lithium-ion battery body (1) are attached to each other.

6. A battery module with multi-level active and passive protection for lithium-ion batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fire-resistant and pressure-resistant cover plate (10), the high thermal conductivity rib thermal conductive structure (501), and the thermal insulation material layer (504) are bonded together.

7. A battery module with multi-level active and passive protection for lithium-ion batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The protective cover (604) and the mounting base (601) are connected by an insertion. The mounting base (601) is fixedly installed by screws and a metal shell (15). The protective cover (604) is fixedly installed by screws and the mounting base (601).

8. A battery module with multi-level active and passive protection for lithium-ion batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The protective mechanism (9) includes a wire hole (901), which is located on the outside of the protective cover (604). A fixing groove (903) is provided at the opening of the wire hole (901), and a protective tube head (902) is threadedly connected to the inside of the fixing groove (903).

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