Ecological substrate for treating rocky barren slope soil and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides an ecological base material for treating rocky barren slope soil by vegetation slope protection, comprising the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of soil, 0.04-0.28 parts of cementitious materials, 0.74-5.18 parts of loose materials and 0.094-0.226 parts of long-acting organic fertilizer; the cementitious materials comprise a high molecular water-absorbing resin and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose in a weight ratio of 1:3; the loose materials comprise rice husks and peat soil, the volume ratio of the rice husks and the peat soil is 1:2, and the weight ratio is 1:8; the long-acting organic fertilizer comprises 0.044-0.176 parts of microbial fertilizer and 0.05 parts of slow-release fertilizer; the microbial fertilizer comprises bacillus, rhizobium, actinomycetes and yeast in a weight ratio of 2:1:1:1; the slow-release fertilizer is a slow-release fertilizer containing three elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in a weight ratio of 2:1:1. The present invention can improve the technical problems existing in the prior art that it is difficult to continuously supply the water and fertilizer conditions required by vegetation for ecological slope protection, and it is difficult for vegetation slope protection to achieve the goal of regreening the rock slope.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration and management of rocky barren slopes, and in particular to an ecological base material for managing rocky barren slope soil and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Karst landforms and rock slopes formed by human excavation are prone to forming barren slopes. The soil layer of barren slopes is thin, and the water and nutrient retention capacity is extremely low, making it difficult for plants to grow, and the ability to resist rain erosion is weak. In the existing technology, the protection and greening of barren slopes must rely on ecological slope protection technology, and one of the key technologies of ecological slope protection technology is the composition of vegetation substrate. Based on the research progress in the application of vegetation slope protection technology, plant selection and ecological substrate research and development, my country's rock slope vegetation slope protection technology has achieved many results, but rock slope vegetation slope protection projects in different regions still face many difficulties and challenges, which need further in-depth research.

[0003] Existing ecological slope protection technologies often pursue rapid greening and comprehensive coverage, but lack attention to the sustainability of vegetation growth, resulting in "one year green, two years yellow, three years dry, and four years dead" becoming the general growth law of slope protection vegetation. Compared with soil slopes, rock slopes have poor soil and re-covering is also a problem. Therefore, many existing ecological slope protections are difficult to continuously supply the water and fertilizer conditions required by vegetation. Therefore, it is difficult for existing vegetation slope protection to achieve the goal of regreening rock slopes. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an ecological matrix material for treating rocky poor slope soil. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention proposes an ecological base material and a preparation method for treating rocky barren slope soil, so as to improve the technical problems in the prior art that the ecological slope protection is difficult to continuously supply the water and fertilizer conditions required by vegetation, and the vegetation slope protection is difficult to achieve the goal of regreening the rocky slope.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] In a first aspect, an ecological substrate is provided, comprising the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of soil, 0.04 to 0.28 parts of a cementitious material, 0.74 to 5.18 parts of a loose material, and 0.094 to 0.226 parts of a long-acting organic fertilizer;

[0007] The gelling material includes a high molecular water-absorbing resin and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose in a weight ratio of 1:3; the loose material includes rice husk and peat soil in a volume ratio of 1:2 and a weight ratio of 1:8;

[0008] Long-term organic fertilizer includes 0.044-0.176 parts of microbial fertilizer and 0.05 parts of slow-release fertilizer;

[0009] The ecological substrate also includes a certain weight portion of plant seeds and water.

[0010] Furthermore, the soil is dried, crushed and sieved, the gravel content in the soil does not exceed 5%, and the soil particle size is less than 8 mm.

[0011] Furthermore, the microbial fertilizer includes bacillus, rhizobium, actinomycetes and yeast, and the weight ratio of bacillus, rhizobium, actinomycetes and yeast is 2:1:1:1.

[0012] Furthermore, the preparation method of the microbial fertilizer includes: uniformly mixing four bacterial liquids of Bacillus, Rhizobium, Actinomycetes and Yeast obtained by screening, separation, purification, cultivation and inoculation fermentation in a ratio of 2:1:1:1; using rice bran sterilized by microwave as a carrier to adsorb microbial agents; drying the obtained composite microbial agent at 28°C to make the moisture content less than 20%, thereby obtaining microbial fertilizer, wherein the mass ratio of the agent to the carrier is 1:2.

[0013] Furthermore, the slow-release fertilizer is a slow-release fertilizer containing three elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and the weight ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 2:1:1.

[0014] Furthermore, the amount of cementitious material is 0.28 parts, the amount of loose material is 5.18 parts, and the amount of microbial fertilizer is 0.176 parts.

[0015] Furthermore, the amount of gelling material is 0.12 parts, the amount of loose material is 3.7 parts, and the amount of microbial fertilizer is 0.132 parts.

[0016] Furthermore, the amount of cementitious material is 0.28 parts, the amount of loose material is 0.74 parts, and the amount of microbial fertilizer is 0.176 parts.

[0017] In a second aspect, a method for preparing an ecological substrate is provided, which is used for the ecological substrate provided in the first aspect, and comprises the following steps: fully mixing soil, a cementitious material and a loose material to obtain a mixture; the weight portions of soil, cementitious material and loose material are 100 parts, cementitious material is 0.28 parts, and loose material is 5.18 parts; the cementitious material comprises a high molecular water-absorbing resin and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose in a weight ratio of 1:3; the loose material comprises rice husk and peat soil, and the volume ratio of rice husk and peat soil is 1:2, and the weight ratio is 1:8; the mixture is divided into two parts, one fifth of the mixture is used as an upper layer mixture, and four fifths of the mixture is used as a lower layer mixture; the upper layer mixture is mixed with plant seeds to obtain a seed layer of the ecological substrate; the lower layer mixture is fully mixed with a long-acting organic fertilizer to obtain a fertilizer layer of the ecological substrate; the weight portion of the long-acting organic fertilizer is 0.226 parts;

[0018] Thirdly, the uses of ecological substrates are provided, including vegetation slope protection and treatment of rocky and barren slope soil.

[0019] It can be seen from the above technical solution that the beneficial technical effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0020] The ecological substrate provided by the present invention can be widely used in the treatment of rocky barren slope soil, can improve soil structure, reduce the bulk density of the soil substrate, increase soil porosity, and maintain good water holding performance; improve soil nutrient poverty, that is, increase the fast-acting components of N, P, and K, provide a continuous supply of nutrients for plant survival and growth, improve plant survival rate, promote plant vigorous growth, and maintain a good growth state of plants. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for the specific embodiments or the prior art description. In all the drawings, similar elements or parts are generally identified by similar reference numerals. In the drawings, the elements or parts are not necessarily drawn according to the actual scale.

[0022] FIG. 1( a ) shows the vegetation status of tall fescue of the comparative example of the present invention and samples 1 to 16 grown for one day;

[0023] FIG1( b ) shows the vegetation status of the tall fescue of the comparative example of the present invention and samples 1 to 16 after 7 days of growth;

[0024] FIG1( c ) shows the vegetation status of the tall fescue of the comparative example of the present invention and samples 1 to 16 after 15 days of growth;

[0025] FIG. 1( d ) shows the vegetation status of the tall fescue of the comparative example of the present invention and samples 1 to 16 after 30 days of growth;

[0026] FIG. 1( e ) shows the vegetation status of the tall fescue of the comparative example of the present invention and samples 1 to 16 after 60 days of growth;

[0027] FIG2( a ) shows the aboveground biomass of tall fescue harvested after 60 days of growth in the comparative example of the present invention and samples 1 to 5;

[0028] FIG2( b ) shows the aboveground biomass of tall fescue samples 6 to 11 of the present invention harvested after 60 days of growth;

[0029] FIG2( c ) shows the aboveground biomass of tall fescue harvested after 60 days of growth in the comparative example of the present invention and samples 12 to 16;

[0030] Figure 3 The figure is a schematic diagram of the process of preparing the ecological substrate according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The following embodiments of the technical solution of the present invention are described in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and are therefore only used as examples, and cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention.

[0032] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the technical terms or scientific terms used in this application should have the common meanings understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs.

[0033] Example

[0034] From the relevant research on ecological matrix materials (hereinafter referred to as ecological substrates), it can be seen that there are many types of ecological substrate components, but few studies have classified their components. Most of the existing studies have only discussed the effects of one or two materials on the properties of the substrate and the growth conditions of plants, and there are few systematic studies.

[0035] This example takes rocky barren slope soil as the research object, divides a variety of substrate improvement materials into three core components: loose materials, cementitious materials, and long-acting organic fertilizers, explores the effects of each component on the properties of the substrate and the growth of plants, and selects a suitable vegetation substrate formula to explore a feasible solution for improving rocky barren slope soil. The specific process is as follows:

[0036] The preparation method of the ecological substrate provided in this embodiment includes:

[0037] The barren soil of the rock slope, cementitious materials and loose materials are fully mixed to obtain a mixture.

[0038] The mixture is divided into two parts, one fifth of the mixture is used as the upper layer mixture, and four fifths of the mixture is used as the lower layer mixture; after separation, the shapes of the upper layer mixture and the lower layer mixture are not limited.

[0039] The upper mixed material is mixed with plant seeds to obtain a seed layer of the ecological substrate; in a specific embodiment, the plant seeds are 0.06 parts by weight; the shape of the seed layer is not limited

[0040] The lower layer mixture and the long-acting organic fertilizer are fully mixed to obtain a fertilizer layer of an ecological substrate, and a seed layer is laid on the fertilizer layer. In a specific embodiment, the method of laying the seed layer is not limited and can be implemented in any feasible manner in the prior art.

[0041] The seed layer is sprayed with water to obtain a soaked ecological substrate; in a specific embodiment, the water is sprayed at 6 parts by weight.

[0042] According to the above preparation method, multiple samples of ecological substrates were prepared respectively, including:

[0043] Sample 1:

[0044] The provided ecological base material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of rock slope barren soil, 0.04 parts of cementitious materials, 0.74 parts of loose materials, and 0.094 parts of long-term organic fertilizer; as well as plant seeds and water.

[0045] Preferably, the long-release organic fertilizer contains 0.044 parts of microbial fertilizer and 0.05 parts of slow-release fertilizer by weight.

[0046] Sample 2:

[0047] The provided ecological base material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of rock slope barren soil, 0.04 parts of cementitious materials, 2.22 parts of loose materials, and 0.182 parts of long-term organic fertilizer; as well as plant seeds and water.

[0048] Preferably, the long-release organic fertilizer contains 0.132 parts of microbial fertilizer and 0.05 parts of slow-release fertilizer by weight.

[0049] Sample 3:

[0050] The provided ecological base material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of rock slope barren soil, 0.04 parts of cementitious materials, 3.7 parts of loose materials, and 0.226 parts of long-term organic fertilizer; as well as plant seeds and water.

[0051] Preferably, the long-release organic fertilizer contains 0.176 parts of microbial fertilizer and 0.05 parts of slow-release fertilizer by weight.

[0052] Sample 4:

[0053] The provided ecological base material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of rock slope barren soil, 0.04 parts of cementitious materials, 5.18 parts of loose materials, and 0.138 parts of long-term organic fertilizer; as well as plant seeds and water.

[0054] Preferably, the long-release organic fertilizer contains 0.088 parts of microbial fertilizer and 0.05 parts of slow-release fertilizer by weight.

[0055] Sample 5:

[0056] The provided ecological base material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of rock slope barren soil, 0.12 parts of cementitious materials, 0.74 parts of loose materials, and 0.138 parts of long-acting organic fertilizer; as well as plant seeds and water.

[0057] Preferably, the long-release organic fertilizer contains 0.088 parts of microbial fertilizer and 0.05 parts of slow-release fertilizer by weight.

[0058] Sample 6:

[0059] The provided ecological base material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of rock slope barren soil, 0.12 parts of cementitious materials, 2.22 parts of loose materials, and 0.226 parts of long-acting organic fertilizer; as well as plant seeds and water.

[0060] Preferably, the long-release organic fertilizer contains 0.176 parts of microbial fertilizer and 0.05 parts of slow-release fertilizer by weight.

[0061] Sample 7:

[0062] The provided ecological base material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of rock slope barren soil, 0.12 parts of cementitious materials, 3.7 parts of loose materials, and 0.182 parts of long-acting organic fertilizer; as well as plant seeds and water.

[0063] Preferably, the long-release organic fertilizer contains 0.132 parts of microbial fertilizer and 0.05 parts of slow-release fertilizer by weight.

[0064] Sample 8:

[0065] The provided ecological base material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of rock slope barren soil, 0.12 parts of cementitious materials, 5.18 parts of loose materials, and 0.094 parts of long-term organic fertilizer; as well as plant seeds and water.

[0066] Preferably, the long-release organic fertilizer contains 0.044 parts of microbial fertilizer and 0.05 parts of slow-release fertilizer by weight.

[0067] Sample 9:

[0068] The provided ecological base material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of rock slope barren soil, 0.2 parts of cementitious materials, 0.74 parts of loose materials, and 0.182 parts of long-acting organic fertilizer; as well as plant seeds and water.

[0069] Preferably, the long-release organic fertilizer contains 0.132 parts of microbial fertilizer and 0.05 parts of slow-release fertilizer by weight.

[0070] Sample 10:

[0071] The provided ecological base material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of rock slope barren soil, 0.2 parts of cementitious materials, 2.22 parts of loose materials, and 0.094 parts of long-acting organic fertilizer; as well as plant seeds and water.

[0072] Preferably, the long-release organic fertilizer contains 0.044 parts of microbial fertilizer and 0.05 parts of slow-release fertilizer by weight.

[0073] Sample 11:

[0074] The provided ecological base material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of rock slope barren soil, 0.2 parts of cementitious materials, 3.7 parts of loose materials, and 0.138 parts of long-term organic fertilizer; as well as plant seeds and water.

[0075] Preferably, the long-release organic fertilizer contains 0.088 parts of microbial fertilizer and 0.05 parts of slow-release fertilizer by weight.

[0076] Sample 12:

[0077] The provided ecological base material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of rock slope barren soil, 0.2 parts of cementitious materials, 5.18 parts of loose materials, and 0.226 parts of long-term organic fertilizer; as well as plant seeds and water.

[0078] Preferably, the long-release organic fertilizer contains 0.176 parts of microbial fertilizer and 0.05 parts of slow-release fertilizer by weight.

[0079] Sample 13

[0080] The provided ecological base material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of rock slope barren soil, 0.28 parts of cementitious materials, 0.74 parts of loose materials, and 0.226 parts of long-term organic fertilizer; as well as plant seeds and water.

[0081] Preferably, the long-release organic fertilizer contains 0.176 parts of microbial fertilizer and 0.05 parts of slow-release fertilizer by weight.

[0082] Sample 14

[0083] The provided ecological base material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of rock slope barren soil, 0.28 parts of cementitious materials, 2.22 parts of loose materials, and 0.138 parts of long-acting organic fertilizer; as well as plant seeds and water.

[0084] Preferably, the long-release organic fertilizer contains 0.088 parts of microbial fertilizer and 0.05 parts of slow-release fertilizer by weight.

[0085] Sample 15

[0086] The provided ecological base material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of rock slope barren soil, 0.28 parts of cementitious materials, 3.7 parts of loose materials, and 0.094 parts of long-term organic fertilizer; as well as plant seeds and water.

[0087] Preferably, the long-release organic fertilizer contains 0.044 parts of microbial fertilizer and 0.05 parts of slow-release fertilizer by weight.

[0088] Sample 16

[0089] The provided ecological base material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of rock slope barren soil, 0.28 parts of cementitious materials, 5.18 parts of loose materials, and 0.182 parts of long-acting organic fertilizer; as well as plant seeds and water.

[0090] Preferably, the long-release organic fertilizer contains 0.132 parts of microbial fertilizer and 0.05 parts of slow-release fertilizer by weight.

[0091] In the above samples 1 to 16, for the poor soil, cementitious materials and loose materials on the slope, the preferred ones are:

[0092] The barren soil of the slope is dried, crushed and sieved, with the gravel content not exceeding 5% and the soil particle size less than 8mm;

[0093] The gelling material is composed of two ecological additives, polymer water-absorbing resin (SAP) and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), with a weight ratio of 1:3;

[0094] The loose material is composed of two organic materials, rice husk and peat soil, with a volume ratio of 1:2 and a weight ratio of 1:8; the preparation method of rice husk and peat soil is not limited, and any feasible method in the prior art is selected for implementation.

[0095] The microbial fertilizer contains four bacterial liquids of Bacillus, Rhizobium, Actinomycetes, and Saccharomyces, and the weight ratio is 2:1:1:1. In some embodiments, the preparation method of the microbial fertilizer comprises: the four bacterial liquids of Bacillus, Rhizobium, Actinomycetes, and Saccharomyces obtained by screening, separation, purification, cultivation, and inoculation fermentation are uniformly mixed in a ratio of 2:1:1:1, and then the bran shell (bran shell particle size is about 30 mesh) treated with microwave sterilization is used as a carrier to adsorb the microbial agent, and finally the obtained composite microbial agent is dried at 28°C to make the moisture content less than 20%, that is, the microbial fertilizer is obtained, wherein the mass ratio of the agent to the carrier is 1:2. The prepared microbial fertilizer should be stored in a cool and dry place at a temperature below 20°C.

[0096] Slow-release fertilizers should contain the three elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium by weight is 2:1:1.

[0097] In order to illustrate the performance and planting effect of the ecological substrate prepared by the present invention, the ecological substrate prepared by samples 1 to 16 and the comparative example was subjected to a seedling pot test, and its performance was tested; the comparative example differed from samples 1 to 16 only in that the comparative example did not contain gelling materials, loose materials and microbial fertilizers. The plant seeds selected for the test were tall fescue seeds, and the specific test process was as follows:

[0098] The 17 prepared ecological substrates were uniformly placed outdoors. When they did not germinate, they were regularly watered and maintained according to weather conditions. When the number of germinations stabilized, no additional artificial watering was performed except in extremely hot and dry weather. The vegetation conditions of the ecological substrates were also recorded. Each sample and comparison example contained three parallel samples.

[0099] The physical properties and pH changes of the ecological substrate are shown in Tables 1 and 2, the nutrient content of the substrate is shown in Table 3, and the vegetation conditions of tall fescue (including germination rate and aboveground biomass indicators) are shown in Table 4, Figures 1 and 2.

[0100] Table 1 Results of physical properties of ecological substrates

[0101]

[0102]

[0103] Note: T0 represents comparative example, T1 represents sample 1, T2 represents sample 2, and so on, Tn represents sample n; the same below.

[0104] From the data in Table 1 above, it can be seen that adding different proportions of matrix materials can effectively improve poor soil, reduce the bulk density of the mixed matrix, increase the total porosity of the matrix, make the mixed matrix loose and porous, increase its air permeability, and improve its water holding performance. Compared with the control example, the bulk density of T4, T7, T8 and T11-T16 decreased by more than 7%, and the bulk density of T12 decreased the most, reaching 12.1%; comparing the porosity of the substrate, it was found that the porosity of each test group increased, and the average increase was higher than 6.6% in T7-T10 and T13-T15, and the porosity of T13 was the largest, which increased by 13.3% compared with the control example; the field water content and saturated water content of each sample were improved compared with the control example. The increase was larger in T4, T7, T8 and T11-T16.

[0105] Table 2 pH value of ecological substrate

[0106]

[0107]

[0108] Note: d in the table represents the number of test days, the same below.

[0109] From the data in Table 2 above, it can be seen that when compared over the same period, the pH values ​​of most sample ecological substrates have increased relative to the control group and are closer to neutral.

[0110] Table 3 Changes in nutrient content of ecological substrates

[0111]

[0112]

[0113] From the data in Table 3 above, it can be seen that the nutrient content of the ecological substrates with different proportions of improved materials has been improved to a certain extent compared with the control group. From the perspective of alkaline nitrogen content, the improvement effect is more obvious in T5-T7, T9, T13-T16, among which T13 has a high degree of improvement in almost every period, and the improvement degree has reached 110%. From the perspective of effective phosphorus content, the improvement effect is more obvious in T5-T7, T9, T12-T16, among which T7, T13, and T14 are particularly outstanding, and the improvement has exceeded 100% many times. From the perspective of available potassium content, T 7 has always been at a high level of available potassium content in the same period.

[0114] Table 4 Determination of growth characteristic indicators of tall fescue

[0115]

[0116]

[0117] The data of the tall fescue emergence rate in Table 4 above show that the addition of ecological matrix materials will affect the initial emergence rate of tall fescue to a certain extent, but the impact on its maximum emergence rate is not significant, that is, the addition of matrix materials delays the germination period of tall fescue. Except for T10 and T11, the 60-day emergence rate of the remaining samples reached 80%.

[0118] It can be seen from the above test process that different ratios of SAP / CMC, rice husk, peat soil, and microbial fertilizer can promote the growth and development of tall fescue, not only increasing the growth rate of tall fescue, but also cultivating stronger tall fescue plants and having a more developed plant root network. The average growth height range of tall fescue cultivated in the ecological substrate comparison is 12-25cm, while the upper limit of the growth height range of tall fescue cultivated by sample 1 to 16 substrates is increased to 35cm. The aboveground biomass of tall fescue harvested from the ecological substrates of each sample is richer than that of tall fescue cultivated in the comparison ratio. The increase in the wet weight of biomass of each sample compared with the comparison ratio is 10.5%-56.9%, and the increase in the dry weight of aboveground biomass is between 7.8%-34.9%. The average dry weight of single plant biomass is found. Compared with the comparison ratio, the increase in the average dry weight of single plant biomass of each sample is 9%-41.08%, among which the dry weight of single plant biomass obtained from T7 substrate is the largest, reaching 0.01889g.

[0119] Based on the above tests and test data, the principal component analysis method was used to screen out the optimal composition ratio of the ecological substrate, as follows:

[0120] To evaluate the comprehensive performance of ecological substrates, the selection of evaluation indicators should belong to the same period to exclude the influence of external environment such as time and climate. Therefore, 10 indicators including pH value at 60 days, N at 60 days (alkaline nitrogen in Table 3), P at 60 days (available phosphorus in Table 3), K at 60 days (available potassium in Table 3), germination rate at 60 days, and dry weight of single plant biomass after 60 days, substrate bulk density, substrate porosity, substrate field moisture content, and substrate saturated moisture content were selected for principal component analysis. The 10 indicators were converted into 3 principal components. The specific method is as follows:

[0121] The z-score method was used to standardize the data of the 10 indicators. The standardization results are shown in Table 5. Each standardized indicator is marked as X=(X1~X10).

[0122] Table 5.1 Data standardization results of ten indicators

[0123]

[0124] Table 5.1 continued

[0125]

[0126]

[0127] Then, the eigenvalues ​​corresponding to the correlation coefficient matrix R, and the information contribution rate and cumulative contribution rate of the corresponding eigenvalues ​​are calculated by IBM SPSS software. The calculation results are shown in Table 5.2. In this embodiment, when the cumulative contribution rate is close to 1 (for example, 0.85, 0.90, 0.95), the first p comprehensive indicators are selected as p principal components.

[0128] Table 5.2 Total variance explained

[0129]

[0130]

[0131] According to Table 5.2, three principal components were selected based on the principle that the eigenvalue is greater than 1, and they are recorded as F1, F2 and F3. As shown in Table 5.2, the eigenvalues ​​of the first, second and third principal components are 5.443, 1.863 and 1.147 respectively, and their corresponding contribution rates after rotation are 35.01%, 28.05% and 21.47% respectively. The cumulative contribution rate of these three principal components has reached 84.526%, which meets the condition of close to the cumulative contribution rate of 0.85%.

[0132] According to the principal component analysis method, combined with the data in the previous table, in this embodiment, the expressions of the first, second and third principal components are:

[0133] F1=-0.305X1-0.054X2+0.238X3+0.244X4+0.308X5-0.142X6-0.153X7-0.164X8-0.288X9 -0.065X 10

[0134] F2=0.107X1+0.236X2+0.021X3+0.001X4-0.358X5+

[0135] 0.448X6+0.446X7+0.025X8+0.072X9+0.069X 10

[0136] F3=-0.027X1+0.068X2-0.046X3-0.036X4+0.345X5-0.081X6-0.052X7+0.474X8+0.147X9+0.371X 10

[0137] Substituting the data standardization results of the ten indicators in Table 5.1 into the above expression, the F1, F2, and F3 scores corresponding to each test group can be calculated, and then the scores of each ecological substrate under each principal component and the comprehensive score Z of the ecological substrate can be calculated:

[0138] Z=(35.010 / 84.526)F1+(28.045 / 84.526)F2+(21.471 / 84.526)F3

[0139] The calculation results are shown in Table 5.3:

[0140] Table 5.3 Main component scores and comprehensive scores of ecological substrates

[0141]

[0142]

[0143] According to the data in Table 5.3 above, the ranking according to their comprehensive scores is: T13>T12>T7>T14>T15>T8>T16>T4>T11>T10>T3>T5>T2>T6>T9>T1>T0.

[0144] Then, based on the test data, the specific ratios of cementitious materials, loose materials, and microbial fertilizers were screened using the range analysis method. The data are shown in Table 6 below:

[0145] Table 6 Screening of the best ecological substrate

[0146]

[0147]

[0148] According to Table 6 above, K, k and R are process data of range analysis. According to the results of range analysis, the effect size of each factor on the matrix is ​​cementitious material > loose material > microbial fertilizer, and the optimal ratio of the matrix is ​​A4+B4+C4, that is, the best ecological substrate formula is that for every 1kg of poor slope soil, the content of other components of the ecological substrate is: 2.8g cementitious material (SAP / CMC), 51.8g loose material (rice husk / peat soil), 1.76g microbial fertilizer, 0.5g slow-release fertilizer. The formula is converted into a weight ratio of: air-dried poor soil: cementitious material (SAP / CMC): loose material (rice husk / peat soil): long-term organic fertilizer = 100: 0.28: 5.18: 0.226.

[0149] According to the above test results, the optimal formula of ecological matrix materials for treating rocky and barren slope soil includes the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of soil (slope barren soil); 0.28 parts of cementitious material, which includes polymer absorbent resin (SAP) and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and the weight ratio of SAP to CMC is 1:3; 5.18 parts of loose material, which includes rice husk and peat soil, and the volume ratio of rice husk and peat soil is 1:2, and the weight ratio is 1:8; 0.226 parts of long-term organic fertilizer, which includes 0.176 parts of microbial fertilizer and 0.05 parts of slow-release fertilizer.

[0150] At the same time, combined with the comprehensive scores of the test data and principal component analysis evaluation, two alternative technical solutions were selected, namely:

[0151] Alternative Technical Solution 1: The formula of the ecological substrate includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of soil (barren soil on the slope); 0.12 parts of cementitious materials, which include polymer water-absorbing resin (SAP) and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), with a weight ratio of SAP to CMC of 1:3; 3.7 parts of loose materials, which include rice husks and peat soil, with a volume ratio of rice husks and peat soil of 1:2 and a weight ratio of 1:8; 0.182 parts of long-term organic fertilizer, which includes 0.132 parts of microbial fertilizer and 0.05 parts of slow-release fertilizer;

[0152] Alternative technical solution 2: The ecological base material formula includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of soil (slope barren soil); 0.28 parts of cementitious material, the cementitious material includes high molecular water-absorbing resin (SAP) and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and the weight ratio of SAP to CMC is 1:3; 0.74 parts of loose material, the loose material includes rice husk and peat soil, the volume ratio of rice husk and peat soil is 1:2, and the weight ratio is 1:8; 0.226 parts of long-term organic fertilizer, the long-term organic fertilizer includes 0.176 parts of microbial fertilizer and 0.05 parts of slow-release fertilizer.

[0153] The ecological substrate provided in this embodiment has the following mechanism of governance:

[0154] Both CMC and SAP in the cementitious material have hydrophilic properties and can retain water for a long time, so that the substrate has good water holding performance and provides sufficient moisture for plant growth.

[0155] Loose materials are used to reduce soil bulk density and increase soil porosity. Loose materials include rice husks and peat soil. The hollow structure of rice husks can provide more oxygen and space for plant seeds during germination. At the same time, the chemical components of rice husks mainly include cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, protein, sugars, ash, etc. Protein is one of the important components in rice husks, accounting for about 5% to 10% of the total mass. The protein in rice husks is rich in amino acids; sugars are the secondary components in rice husks, accounting for about 1% to 2% of the total mass; ash is the inorganic substance in rice husks, accounting for about 10% to 15% of the total mass. The ash in rice husks is mainly oxides and carbonates of elements such as potassium, calcium, and magnesium, which are all essential components for plant growth.

[0156] Microbial fertilizer can accelerate the reproduction of specific microorganisms, and then promote the formation of a more stable plant-soil-microorganism micro-ecosystem, improve the nutrient supply capacity of the substrate and accelerate the material capacity conversion in the system, realize the long-term and continuous growth of slope protection vegetation, and achieve the purpose of soil stability and ecological restoration. During the vegetation growth process, when the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the soil is 2:1:1, the growth is relatively lush. The main mechanism by which microbial fertilizer promotes the increase of nutrients in the soil is nitrogen fixation, phosphorus dissolution, potassium dissolution, and solubilization of other minerals. Microbial fertilizer can also regulate plant hormone levels to directly promote plant growth, or indirectly promote plant growth by reducing the inhibitory effects of various pathogens on plant growth and biological control agents. For the components contained in the microbial fertilizer of the present embodiment, Bacillus has biological activities such as phosphorus dissolution, potassium dissolution and nitrogen fixation. Rhizobia can coexist with leguminous plants, forming nodules in their root systems, and have the functions of nitrogen fixation and phosphorus dissolution. The nitrogen fixation mechanism is to convert N2 in the atmosphere into ammonia; the phosphorus dissolution mechanism is that microorganisms have the ability to dissolve insoluble phosphate compounds, that is, to increase the solubility of phosphates, so that there are more H2PO4 in the soil. - and HPO4 2-. Bacillus and rhizobia provide the main nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium for plant growth. Actinomycetes have great potential in inhibiting root systems from being attacked by pathogens. Saprophytic actinomycetes play a very important role in environmental protection and material circulation in nature, and improve the resistance of plants to environmental stress in the later stage. Yeast can absorb the microbial degradation products of lignocellulosic plant materials, ferment carbohydrates in fruits and colonize in the rhizosphere; yeast can also promote the formation of soil aggregates, thereby improving soil structure; yeast also inhibits the formation of pathogenic bacteria; at the same time, some yeasts can also dissolve insoluble phosphates, making these nutrients more accessible to plants.

[0157] The ecological substrate provided in this embodiment can be widely used in the treatment of rocky and barren slope soil, and can improve soil structure, reduce the bulk density of the soil substrate, increase soil porosity, and maintain good water holding capacity; improve soil nutrient poverty, that is, increase the fast-acting components of N, P, and K, provide a continuous supply of nutrients for plant survival and growth, improve plant survival rate, promote plant vigorous growth, and maintain plants in a good growth state.

[0158] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein by equivalents. These modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and they should all be included in the scope of the claims and specification of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing an ecological substrate, characterized in that: Based on the test data of multiple ecological substrate samples, the components and proportions of the ecological substrate were screened using the principal component analysis method combined with the range analysis method, specifically including: According to the test data, the principal component analysis method is used to evaluate the performance indicators of multiple sample ecological substrates to obtain the comprehensive score of each ecological substrate sample; the performance indicators include: pH value at 60 days, alkaline nitrogen at 60 days, available phosphorus at 60 days, quick-acting potassium at 60 days, germination rate at 60 days, and dry weight of single plant biomass after 60 days, substrate bulk density, substrate porosity, substrate field moisture content, and substrate saturated moisture content; according to the comprehensive score, the top ranked ecological substrate samples are selected as the preferred ecological substrates; the range analysis method is used for the preferred ecological substrates to screen the specific ratios of cementitious materials, loose materials, and microbial fertilizers, and the best ecological substrate is obtained according to the range analysis results; According to the components and proportions of the preferred ecological substrate or the best ecological substrate obtained by screening, the ecological substrate is prepared by the following method: Thoroughly mix the soil, cementitious materials and loose materials to obtain a mixture; divide the mixture into two parts, with one fifth of the mixture being used as an upper layer mixture and four fifths of the mixture being used as a lower layer mixture; mix the upper layer mixture with plant seeds to obtain a seed layer of an ecological base material; thoroughly mix the lower layer mixture with a long-acting organic fertilizer to obtain a fertilizer layer of the ecological base material; lay a seed layer on the fertilizer layer; spray water on the seed layer to obtain a soaked ecological base material.

2. The method for preparing an ecological substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The components and proportions of the optimal ecological substrate are as follows: by weight, 100 parts of soil, 0.28 parts of cementitious materials, 5.18 parts of loose materials and 0.226 parts of long-term organic fertilizer; the long-term organic fertilizer includes 0.176 parts of microbial fertilizer and 0.05 parts of slow-release fertilizer.

3. The method for preparing an ecological substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The components and proportions of the preferred ecological substrate are as follows: by weight, 100 parts of soil, 0.12 parts of gelling material, 3.7 parts of loose material and 0.182 parts of long-term organic fertilizer; the long-term organic fertilizer includes 0.132 parts of microbial fertilizer and 0.05 parts of slow-release fertilizer.

4. The method for preparing an ecological substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The components and proportions of the preferred ecological substrate are as follows: by weight, 100 parts of soil, 0.28 parts of gelling material, 0.74 parts of loose material and 0.226 parts of long-term organic fertilizer; the long-term organic fertilizer includes 0.176 parts of microbial fertilizer and 0.05 parts of slow-release fertilizer.

5. The method for preparing an ecological substrate according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that: The soil is dried, crushed and sieved, the gravel content in the soil does not exceed 5%, and the soil particle size is less than 8 mm; the gelling material includes a high molecular water-absorbing resin and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose in a weight ratio of 1:3; the loose material includes rice husks and peat soil, the volume ratio of rice husks and peat soil is 1:2, and the weight ratio is 1:

8.

6. The method for preparing an ecological substrate according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that: The microbial fertilizer comprises bacillus, rhizobium, actinomycetes and yeast, and the weight ratio of bacillus, rhizobium, actinomycetes and yeast is 2:1:1:

1.

7. The method for preparing an ecological substrate according to claim 6, characterized in that: The preparation method of the microbial fertilizer comprises: The four bacterial liquids of Bacillus, Rhizobium, Actinomycetes and Yeast obtained through screening, separation, purification, culture and inoculation fermentation are uniformly mixed in a ratio of 2:1:1:1; The rice bran husks that have been sterilized by microwaves are used as carriers to absorb microbial agents; The obtained composite microbial agent is dried at 28° C. to make the moisture content below 20%, thereby obtaining a microbial fertilizer, wherein the mass ratio of the agent to the carrier is 1:

2.

8. The method for preparing an ecological substrate according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that: The slow-release fertilizer is a slow-release fertilizer containing three elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and the weight ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 2:1:

1.

9. An ecological substrate, characterized in that: The ecological substrate is prepared by the method for preparing the ecological substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. The use of the ecological substrate as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that: Uses include vegetation slope protection and treatment of rocky and barren slope soil.

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