Battery cooling device, power battery system, vehicle and battery thermal management system

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of battery heat dissipation technology, and provides a battery heat dissipation device, a power battery system, a vehicle and a battery thermal management system. The battery heat dissipation device includes a heat-saturating body, the heat-saturating body is provided with a plurality of battery mounting tubes for accommodating battery cells, the heat-saturating body has a heat-saturating cavity inside, the inner wall of the heat-saturating cavity is provided with a capillary porous structure layer, and the heat-saturating cavity is provided with a liquid phase working medium that can be vaporized and condensed in the heat-saturating cavity. Each battery mounting tube can be arranged in a honeycomb shape, and the battery mounting tube can be tightly combined with the battery cell. The heat-saturating cavity is provided with a liquid phase working medium that can be vaporized and condensed in the heat-saturating cavity. The heat can be quickly and efficiently extracted using a principle similar to a heat pipe, and the battery can also be quickly and evenly heated. It can effectively solve the common problems of low space utilization, low heat exchange efficiency, and uneven temperature distribution in the thermal management design of the battery pack, and has a good temperature control effect and high safety and reliability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of battery heat dissipation, and in particular relates to a battery heat dissipation device, a power battery system, a vehicle and a battery thermal management system. Background Art

[0002] As the power source of most electric vehicles, the performance and safety of lithium-ion batteries directly affect the overall performance of electric vehicles. Since temperature has a significant impact on the performance, life and safety of lithium-ion batteries, thermal management of lithium-ion batteries is an important part of the battery management system.

[0003] The single cells used in the power battery system of electric vehicles mainly include cylindrical batteries, square batteries and soft-pack batteries. In comparison, cylindrical battery cells have the advantages of mature production technology, standard specifications, and good consistency. However, due to the small energy of cylindrical battery cells, the large number of cells used, and the large gaps when placed together, the power battery system using cylindrical batteries has a more complex thermal management structure.

[0004] The most common thermal management system for cylindrical battery packs uses serpentine liquid cooling tubes inserted between cylindrical batteries. The batteries and between the batteries and the serpentine liquid cooling tubes are all coated with thermal conductive silicone grease to reduce contact thermal resistance. When three or more rows of batteries are placed between the serpentine liquid cooling tubes, the heat generated by the batteries far away from the serpentine tubes cannot be quickly discharged. Taking into account factors such as heat dissipation effect and cost, two rows of cylindrical batteries are generally placed between the serpentine liquid cooling tubes in cylindrical battery packs. This design results in a longer total length of the serpentine liquid cooling tube, a large pressure drop of the refrigerant along the way, and a large power consumption. Not only that, because the refrigerant absorbs heat during the flow process and the temperature gradually rises, it will cause uneven temperature distribution in the battery pack and poor temperature control effect. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome at least one of the deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art, and to provide a battery heat dissipation device, a power battery system, a vehicle and a battery thermal management system, which can effectively solve the common problems of low space utilization, low heat exchange efficiency, uneven temperature distribution, etc. in the thermal management design of battery packs. The battery has good temperature consistency, good temperature control effect, and high safety and reliability.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is: a battery heat dissipation device, including a hollow heat-saturating body, the heat-saturating body is provided with a plurality of battery mounting tubes for accommodating battery cells, the heat-saturating body has a heat-saturating cavity inside, the inner wall of the heat-saturating cavity is provided with a capillary porous structure layer, and the heat-saturating cavity is provided with a liquid phase working medium that can be vaporized and condensed in the heat-saturating cavity.

[0007] Specifically, the heat equalizing body includes an outer shell and an end cover, the upper and lower ends of the outer shell are open, and the battery mounting tubes are arranged adjacent to each other in the outer shell. Two end covers are provided and are respectively connected to the upper and lower ends of the outer shell and the battery mounting tube to form the heat equalizing chamber, and the end cover is provided with a plurality of through holes, each through hole corresponding to the two ends of the battery mounting tube.

[0008] Specifically, the capillary porous structure includes a cylinder side capillary layer arranged on the side wall of the battery mounting cylinder, a shell inner side capillary layer arranged on the inner wall of the outer shell, and an end cover inner wall capillary layer arranged on the end cover, and the end cover inner wall capillary layer is respectively connected to the shell inner side capillary layer and the cylinder side capillary layer.

[0009] Specifically, the battery mounting tubes are cylindrical or hexagonal; each of the battery mounting tubes is arranged in a honeycomb shape or in a row.

[0010] Specifically, the battery mounting tube is cylindrical, and each of the battery mounting tubes is arranged in a honeycomb shape, and a porous support column is arranged between three adjacent battery mounting tubes that form a triangular arrangement, and the porous support column is located in the heat-saturating chamber, and both ends of the porous support column are in contact with the capillary layer of the inner wall of the end cover respectively;

[0011] Alternatively, the battery mounting tube is cylindrical, and each of the battery mounting tubes is arranged in a honeycomb shape, and a porous support plate is provided between each of the battery mounting tubes.

[0012] Specifically, the porous support column is formed by three arc-shaped side surfaces connected in a triangular arrangement, and each side surface of the porous support column forms a channel of equal width with the capillary layers of the inner walls of the end covers corresponding to three adjacent battery mounting tubes.

[0013] Specifically, under the set pressure of the heat-saturating chamber, the saturated steam temperature corresponding to the liquid-phase working medium in a saturated state inside the heat-saturating chamber meets the target temperature of battery thermal management (for example, between 10° C. and 55° C.).

[0014] Specifically, insulating sheets are provided at both ends of the heat equalizer body.

[0015] The present invention also provides a power battery system, comprising a plurality of battery cells and the above-mentioned battery heat dissipation device, wherein the battery cells are arranged in the battery mounting tubes of the heat-equalizing body, and the heat-equalizing body is provided with one, two or at least three rows of the battery mounting tubes.

[0016] The present invention also provides a battery thermal management system, including the above-mentioned power battery system, and also including a heat exchange system and an air-conditioning system, the heat exchange system is connected to the heat dissipation device, the air-conditioning system is connected to the heat exchange system, the heat exchange system includes a heat dissipation structure, the heat dissipation structure is connected to the heat equalizing body, or the shell of the heat equalizing body serves as a partial shell of the heat dissipation structure.

[0017] Specifically, the heat exchange system includes a flow pump, a filter, a liquid reservoir, a heat exchanger, and an auxiliary heating system, the air conditioning system includes an automobile air conditioning system evaporator, a compressor, an automobile air conditioning condenser, and a throttling element, and the battery thermal management system also includes a control system for controlling the heat exchange system and the air conditioning system;

[0018] The outlet of the flow pump is connected to the inlet of the filter, the outlet of the filter is connected to the inlet of the liquid reservoir, the outlet of the liquid reservoir is connected to the inlet of the heat exchanger, the outlet of the heat exchanger is connected to the auxiliary heating system, the auxiliary heating system is connected to the inlet of the heat dissipation structure, the outlet of the heat dissipation structure is connected to the inlet of the flow pump, and the heat dissipation structure exchanges heat with the power battery system; the compressor is connected to the inlet of the condenser, the outlet of the condenser is connected to the throttling element, the throttling element is connected to the automobile air-conditioning evaporator, and the heat exchanger exchanges heat with the automobile air-conditioning evaporator;

[0019] The battery thermal management system also includes a data acquisition system, which is used to collect temperature data of the automobile air-conditioning condenser, automobile air-conditioning evaporator, heat exchanger, auxiliary heating system, heat dissipation structure, power battery system and pressure data inside the heat equalization chamber, and transmit the temperature data and pressure data to the control system in real time.

[0020] The present invention also provides a vehicle, the vehicle having the above-mentioned battery heat dissipation device;

[0021] Alternatively, the vehicle has a power battery system as described above;

[0022] Alternatively, the vehicle has a battery thermal management system as described above.

[0023] The present invention provides a battery heat dissipation device, a power battery system, a vehicle and a battery thermal management system, wherein each battery mounting tube can be arranged in a honeycomb shape, and a liquid phase working medium that can be vaporized and condensed in the heat-averaging chamber is arranged in the battery heat dissipation device. The liquid phase working medium can evaporate (vaporize) and absorb heat at the evaporation end, and can absorb heat and vaporize at the evaporation end, and re-condense into a liquid phase (release heat) at the condensation end. After condensing into a liquid phase, the liquid phase working medium can flow back to the evaporation end under the action of a capillary structure, and perform a cycle of evaporation and condensation. The thermal conductivity is high, and the battery mounting tube can be tightly combined with the battery unit, and the heat of the battery unit can be quickly and efficiently discharged using a working principle similar to that of a heat pipe, and the battery can also be quickly and evenly heated, which can effectively solve the common problems of low space utilization, low heat exchange efficiency, and uneven temperature distribution in the thermal management design of the battery pack. In addition, since the liquid working medium in the heat-averaging chamber can spontaneously circulate continuously between the evaporation end and the condensation end, the heat generated by the battery far away from the serpentine tube can also be quickly transferred to the refrigerant of the liquid cooling tube. Therefore, the battery arrangement between the serpentine liquid cooling tube can break through the limitation of two rows, thereby reducing the total length of the serpentine tube, reducing the refrigerant pressure drop, reducing the power consumption of the flow pump to a certain extent, and improving space utilization. In addition, by adopting the working principle of the heat pipe, the battery temperature is uniform, the battery temperature consistency is good, the temperature control effect is good, and the safety and reliability are high. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0025] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional assembly schematic diagram of a battery heat dissipation device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 It is a three-dimensional exploded schematic diagram of a battery heat dissipation device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of a battery heat dissipation device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of a battery heat dissipation device (with porous support columns) provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of a battery heat dissipation device (with a porous mesh plate) provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 6It is a plan view of a heat-dissipating body in a battery heat dissipation device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 7 yes Figure 6 AA section plane intention of the middle heat-averaging body;

[0032] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the principle of a battery thermal management system provided by an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0034] It should be noted that the terms “setting” and “connection” should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be directly setting or connecting, or it can be indirectly setting or connecting through a central component or a central structure.

[0035] In addition, in the embodiments of the present invention, if there are terms indicating orientation or positional relationships such as "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., they are based on the orientation or positional relationships or conventional placement states or usage states shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the structure, feature, device or element referred to must have a specific orientation or positional relationship, nor must it be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "multiple" means two or more.

[0036] The various specific technical features and embodiments described in the specific implementation methods can be combined in any suitable manner unless there is any contradiction. For example, different implementation methods can be formed by combining different specific technical features / embodiments. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the various possible combinations of the specific technical features / embodiments in the present invention will not be described separately.

[0037] like Figures 1 to 3As shown, a battery heat dissipation device provided in an embodiment of the present invention includes a hollow heat-spreading body 3, wherein the heat-spreading body 3 is provided with a plurality of battery mounting tubes 34, and the battery mounting tubes 34 are used to accommodate battery cells 2 (which may be battery cells or battery packs. In this embodiment, the battery cells 2 take cylindrical batteries as an example). The heat-saturating body 3 has a heat-saturating chamber inside, and the inner wall of the heat-saturating chamber is provided with a capillary porous structure layer. The capillary porous structure layer in the heat-saturating chamber can be divided into an evaporation end (a relatively high temperature area) and a condensation end (a relatively high temperature area). The heat-saturating chamber is provided with a liquid phase working medium that can vaporize and condense in the heat-saturating chamber. The liquid phase working medium can evaporate (vaporize) and absorb heat at the evaporation end, and can absorb heat and vaporize at the evaporation end, and re-condense into a liquid phase (release heat) at the condensation end. After condensing into a liquid phase, the liquid phase working medium can flow back to the evaporation end under the action of the capillary structure, and perform a cycle of evaporation and condensation. It has high thermal conductivity. The battery mounting tube 34 of the heat-saturating body 3 can be tightly combined with the battery unit 2, and the heat of the battery single unit can be quickly and efficiently extracted by using a working principle similar to that of a heat pipe, and the battery can also be quickly and evenly heated, which can effectively solve the common problems of low space utilization, low heat exchange efficiency, and uneven temperature distribution in the thermal management design of the battery pack. In addition, since the liquid working medium in the heat-averaging chamber can spontaneously circulate continuously between the evaporation end and the condensation end, the heat generated by the battery far away from the serpentine tube can also be quickly transferred to the refrigerant of the liquid cooling tube. Therefore, the battery arrangement between the serpentine liquid cooling tube can break through the limitation of two rows, thereby reducing the total length of the serpentine tube, reducing the refrigerant pressure drop, reducing the power consumption of the flow pump to a certain extent, and improving space utilization. In addition, by adopting the working principle of the heat pipe, the battery temperature is uniform, the battery temperature consistency is good, and the temperature control effect is good, which is conducive to ensuring the consistency of each battery and has good safety and reliability.

[0038] Specifically, Figures 1 to 3 as well as Figure 6 , Figure 7As shown, the heat-sparing body 3 includes an outer shell 301 and an end cover 302. The upper and lower ends of the outer shell 301 are open. Each of the battery mounting cylinders 34 is arranged in the outer shell 301 at adjacent intervals. The end cover 302 is provided with two and is respectively sealed and connected to the upper and lower ends of the outer shell 301 and the battery mounting cylinder 34 to form the heat-sparing chamber. The end cover 302 can be provided with a plurality of through holes, each of which corresponds to the two ends of the battery mounting cylinder 34. In this embodiment, the battery unit 2 takes a cylindrical battery as an example. The battery mounting cylinder 34 is cylindrical and has two ends. The through holes are circular. The upper and lower ends of the battery mounting cylinder 34 can extend into the inner wall of the through hole. The outer shell 301 and the end cover 302 can be fixedly connected by welding (such as laser welding), integral molding, etc., and the sealing reliability is good. The connection between the outer shell 301 and the end cover 302 and the connection between the battery mounting cylinder 34 and the end cover 302 are sealed to ensure that the liquid phase working medium will not leak. Of course, the cross-section of the battery mounting tube 34 may also be a regular hexagon, the outer periphery of the cylindrical battery may be inscribed in the regular hexagonal tube, and the gap between the cylindrical battery and the battery mounting tube 34 may be filled with heat conductive material.

[0039] Specifically, the capillary porous structure includes a barrel-side capillary layer 33 disposed on the side wall of the battery mounting barrel 34, a shell inner capillary layer 32 disposed on the inner wall of the outer shell 301, and end cap inner wall capillary layers 37, 38 disposed on the end caps 39, 310 (upper end cap and lower end cap), and the end cap inner wall capillary layers 37, 38 are respectively connected to the upper and lower ends of the shell inner capillary layer 32 and the upper and lower ends of the barrel-side capillary layer 33. The battery unit 2 is inserted into the battery mounting barrel 34, that is, the inner side wall of the battery mounting barrel 34 is in contact with the battery unit 2, the outer side wall of the battery mounting barrel 34 is located in the heat-averaging chamber, the barrel-side capillary layer 33 is disposed on the outer side wall of each battery mounting barrel 34, and the outer side of the battery mounting barrel 34 corresponding to each battery unit 2 is covered with a barrel-side capillary layer 33, and the barrel-side capillary layer 33 is attached to the battery mounting barrel 34 in a cylindrical shape as a whole, and the overall heat conduction effect is good. The capillary layers 37 and 38 on the inner wall of the end cover are respectively connected to the capillary layers 33 on the side of the cylinder and the capillary layer 32 on the inner side of the shell, so that the condensed liquid phase working medium can efficiently flow back to the evaporation end. In specific applications, the cross section of the capillary layer 33 on the side of the cylinder can also be gear-shaped, and its outer side can have multiple protrusion structures evenly distributed along the circumferential direction.

[0040] In specific applications, the battery mounting tube 34 is cylindrical or hexagonal; each battery mounting tube 34 is arranged in a honeycomb shape or in a column shape, that is, the battery mounting tube 34 can be provided with at least one column. In specific applications, when the battery mounting tube 34 is provided with two or more columns, the battery mounting tubes 34 in two adjacent columns can be relatively staggered to form a honeycomb arrangement. The battery cells 2 are arranged more compactly and the distances between adjacent battery cells 2 in the honeycomb structure are equal, which is more conducive to the consistency of temperature control and helps to avoid local overheating and other disadvantages.

[0041] In this embodiment, Figure 4 As shown, the battery mounting tube 34 is cylindrical, and each of the battery mounting tubes 34 is arranged in a honeycomb shape. A porous support column 36 is provided between the three adjacent battery mounting tubes 34 that form a triangular arrangement to support and help the reflux of the liquid working medium. The porous support column 36 is located in the heat equalization chamber, and the two ends of the porous support column 36 are respectively in contact with the capillary layers 37 and 38 on the inner wall of the end cover; the porous support column 36 can have a capillary structure (the inner core is a rigid pillar) or be a capillary structure column as a whole. In specific applications, each of the porous support columns 36 is formed by three arc-shaped sides and connected in a triangular arrangement. Each arc-shaped side of the porous support column 36 forms an equal-width channel with the capillary layers 37 and 38 on the inner wall of the end cover corresponding to the three adjacent battery mounting tubes 34, thereby avoiding the problem of heat dissipation consistency caused by the increase of local flow resistance. In specific applications, an inner side support column 361 connected to the inner capillary layer 32 of the shell and having a porous capillary structure is provided between two battery mounting tubes 34 adjacent to the outer shell 301. One side of the inner side support column 361 is connected to the inner capillary layer 32 of the shell, and the other two arc-shaped sides form equal-width channels with the corresponding two battery mounting tubes 34, so that there are arc-shaped and consistent equal-width channels between the battery mounting tubes 34 and between the battery mounting tubes 34 and the outer shell 301, and the application effect is good.

[0042] Or, if Figure 5 As shown, in another optional embodiment, the battery mounting cylinder 34 is cylindrical, and each of the battery mounting cylinders 34 is arranged in a honeycomb shape. As one of the alternatives to the porous support column 36, a porous support plate 363 is provided between each of the battery mounting cylinders 34, and the upper and lower ends of the porous support plate 363 can be supported on the inner walls of the end caps 39 and 310. The porous support plate 363 may include a plurality of Y-shaped mesh plates or a regular hexagonal mesh plate with one or two sides missing, which separates the three battery mounting cylinders 34 arranged in a triangle, and has a good support effect. The porous support plate 363 may be a metal mesh or a metal mesh with a capillary structure on the surface, which also has the function of helping the liquid working medium to reflux.

[0043] In specific applications, the side wall of the outer shell 301 can be wavy, which matches the shape of the outer battery unit 2 (cylindrical), and the channel distance formed between the side wall of the shell and each battery mounting tube 34 is relatively equal, avoiding excessive or insufficient local flow pressure and achieving more consistent thermal conductivity.

[0044] Specifically, under the set working environment (pressure), the saturated steam temperature corresponding to the saturated liquid working medium inside the heat-averaging chamber should meet the ideal temperature (target temperature) of battery thermal management. For example: the ideal temperature (target temperature) can be between 10°C and 55°C, or between 5°C and 55°C, and between 5°C and 60°C. The saturated steam temperature corresponding to the saturated liquid working medium inside can be between 10°C and 55°C, or between 5°C and 55°C, and between 5°C and 60°C. The ideal temperature (target temperature) of battery thermal management can be achieved by reasonably setting the pressure of the liquid working medium and selecting a suitable liquid working medium, so that the saturated steam temperature corresponding to the liquid working medium meets the ideal temperature (target temperature) of battery thermal management, and the thermal management effect is better. A temperature probe and a pressure probe can be set on the side of the heat-averaging chamber, and one or more temperature probes and pressure probes can be set.

[0045] In specific applications, the heat-saturating chamber is a sealed chamber, and the inner wall of the chamber may be provided with a capillary porous structure (capillary porous structure layer). After the interior of the heat-saturating chamber is evacuated to a negative pressure, a certain amount of liquid phase working medium is filled in the heat-saturating chamber. The battery unit 2 (for example, a cylindrical battery) is placed in a battery mounting cylinder 34 arranged in a honeycomb shape. The capillary porous structure layer on the inner wall of the heat-saturating chamber includes a cylindrical barrel side capillary layer 33, a shell inner side capillary layer 32, and an end cover inner wall capillary layer 37, 38, and each capillary layer is connected to each other. The intersection between the barrel side capillary layer 33, the shell inner side capillary layer 32, and the end cover inner wall capillary layer 37, 38 can be set as a rounded transition structure, that is, a rounded transition structure is provided between the end cover inner wall capillary layer 37, 38 and the shell inner side capillary layer 32, and between the end cover inner wall capillary layer 37, 38 and the barrel side capillary layer 33, which is conducive to the efficient reflux of the liquid phase working medium. When the battery unit 2 is in a heat dissipation state, the battery mounting cylinder 34 is the evaporation end, and the side wall of the outer shell 301 close to the heat dissipation structure (such as a liquid cooling tube, a liquid cooling plate, etc.) is the condensation end. The liquid phase working medium absorbs heat and vaporizes at the evaporation end of the heat equalization chamber, and the vaporized gas phase working medium flows to the condensation end under the action of a small pressure difference, and releases heat to the heat dissipation structure close to the outer wall of the cavity. After condensation by the heat dissipation structure, it becomes liquid phase. The condensed liquid phase working medium flows back to the evaporation end along the capillary layer 32 on the inner side of the shell - the capillary layer 37, 38 on the inner wall of the end cover - the capillary layer 33 on the side of the cylinder under the action of capillary force, and the cycle continues.

[0046] When in a low temperature environment, in order to maintain the temperature of the battery cell 2, the battery cell 2 is in a heated state, the battery mounting cylinder 34 is the condensation end, and the side wall of the outer shell 301 close to the heat dissipation structure (such as a liquid cooling tube, a liquid cooling plate, etc.) is the evaporation end. At this time, the temperature of the heat dissipation structure is relatively high to heat the battery cell 2. The liquid phase working medium absorbs heat and vaporizes at the evaporation end of the heat equalization chamber. The vaporized gas phase working medium flows to the condensation end under the action of a small pressure difference, releasing heat to the battery mounting cylinder 34. The gas phase working medium condenses and becomes liquid. The condensed liquid phase working medium flows back to the evaporation end along the capillary layer 33 on the side of the cylinder-the capillary layer 37, 38 on the inner wall of the end cover-the capillary layer 32 on the inner side of the shell under the action of capillary force, and the cycle continues.

[0047] In specific applications, the outer shell 301 and the end covers 39, 310 can be made of aluminum, copper or other materials with good thermal conductivity and strong plasticity. All inner walls of the heat-saturating chamber have a capillary porous structure, and the manufacturing method of the capillary porous structure includes but is not limited to powder sintering, filling metal mesh, groove cutting, etc.

[0048] In specific applications, the heat-saturating chamber may be connected to a temperature sensor and / or a pressure sensor to facilitate monitoring of the state of the heat-saturating chamber. The outer shell 301 may also be connected to a pressure regulating device to adjust the pressure inside the heat-saturating chamber to meet the application scenarios of heat dissipation or heating in different temperature ranges, so that the liquid phase working medium can be vaporized more efficiently.

[0049] In specific applications, the space between the battery mounting tube 34 and the battery unit 2 may be filled with a heat-conducting material or / and a flame-retardant material. The flame-retardant material may be a flame-retardant foam, wherein the heat-conducting material can reduce the contact thermal resistance between the battery unit and the heat exchange medium, and the flame-retardant foam can absorb heat when a thermal runaway or other fault occurs in the battery unit 2, thereby preventing the occurrence and spread of the thermal runaway fault.

[0050] Specifically, insulating sheets are provided at the upper and lower ends of the heat equalizing body 3, and the insulating sheets can be made of insulating and flame-retardant materials. The insulating sheets cover the outer surfaces of the upper and lower end covers 39 and 310 to prevent the positive and negative electrodes of the battery from contacting the heat equalizing body 3 and short-circuiting. In this embodiment, the insulating sheet includes an upper insulating pad 1 and a lower insulating pad 4, and the upper insulating pad 1 and the lower insulating pad 4 are tightly fitted with the upper top outer wall and the lower bottom outer wall of the heat equalizing body 3 respectively. The positive and negative top connection structure of the battery cell 2 is at the top of the upper insulating pad 1, and the positive and negative bottom connection structure of the battery cell 2 is at the bottom of the lower insulating pad 4, and the positive and negative connection structure will not be in direct contact with the honeycomb heat equalizing cavity. The circuit connection structure of the battery cell 2 can be set at the top and bottom of the heat equalizing body 3, leaving enough space for the heat dissipation structure on the outer side of the heat equalizing body 3. In a specific application, a bracket may be provided in the heat-saturating body 3. The bracket may be in the form of a sheet and have a plurality of holes. The middle of the battery mounting tube 34 passes through the bracket. The bracket may be a rigid bracket, and the surface of the bracket may be provided with a capillary porous structure. The capillary porous structure may be in contact with the capillary layer 33 on the side of the cylinder and the capillary layer 32 on the inner side of the shell. In a specific application, an avoidance hole may be provided at the opening of the insulating sheet corresponding to the battery mounting tube 34. The diameter of the avoidance hole may be equal to or (slightly) smaller than the inner diameter of the opening of the battery mounting tube 34.

[0051] The embodiment of the present invention also provides a power battery system, including a plurality of battery cells 2 and the above-mentioned battery heat dissipation device. The battery cell 2 may be a lithium battery, a sodium battery, etc., which may be a battery monomer or a battery module. In this embodiment, a cylindrical lithium battery is taken as an example. The battery cell 2 is arranged in the battery mounting tube 34 of the heat-equalizing body 3. The heat-equalizing body 3 is provided with one, two or at least three rows of the battery mounting tube 34, that is, corresponding to one, two or at least three rows of battery cells 2. The battery cell 2 has two or at least three rows, and each battery cell 2 can be arranged in a honeycomb shape (the center line connecting the three adjacent battery cells 2 is an equilateral triangle). The outer wall of the outer side of the heat-equalizing body 3 can be connected to the heat dissipation structure (radiator). The heat dissipation structure may include but is not limited to an air duct, a liquid cooling plate, a liquid cooling pipe, etc.; the outer wall of the outer side of the heat-equalizing body 3 may also directly constitute the wall surface of the air duct, the liquid cooling plate or the liquid cooling pipe. In this embodiment, the heat dissipation structure takes a liquid cooling pipe as an example. In a specific application, the heat-saturating body 3 may be provided with a cooling flow channel, and the shell side of the heat-saturating body 3 may serve as a side wall of the flow channel or be integrally provided with a flow channel structure.

[0052] The embodiment of the present invention also provides a battery thermal management system, such as Figure 8 As shown, it includes the above-mentioned power battery system 6, and also includes a heat exchange system and an air-conditioning system. The heat exchange system is connected to the heat dissipation device, and the air-conditioning system is connected to the heat exchange system. The heat exchange system includes a heat dissipation structure 7, and the heat dissipation structure 7 is connected to the heat equalizing body 3, or the shell of the heat equalizing body 3 serves as a partial shell of the heat dissipation structure 7.

[0053] Specifically, the heat exchange system includes a flow pump 8, a filter 9, a liquid reservoir 10, a heat exchanger 11, and an auxiliary heating system 12; the air conditioning system includes an automobile air conditioning system evaporator 13, a compressor 14, an automobile air conditioning condenser 15, and a throttling element 16; the battery thermal management system also includes a control system for controlling the heat exchange system and the air conditioning system; the outlet of the flow pump 8 is connected to the inlet of the filter 9, the outlet of the filter 9 is connected to the inlet of the liquid reservoir 10, the outlet of the liquid reservoir 10 is connected to the inlet of the heat exchanger 11, the outlet of the heat exchanger 11 is connected to the auxiliary heating system 12, the auxiliary heating system 12 is connected to the inlet of the heat dissipation structure 7, and the heat dissipation The outlet of structure 7 is connected to the inlet of flow pump 8, and heat dissipation structure 7 exchanges heat with power battery system 6; the compressor 14 is connected to the inlet of the condenser, and the outlet of the condenser is connected to the throttling element 16, and the throttling element 16 is connected to the automobile air-conditioning evaporator, and the heat exchanger 11 exchanges heat with the automobile air-conditioning evaporator; the battery thermal management system also includes a data acquisition system 17, and the data acquisition system 17 is used to collect temperature data of automobile air-conditioning condenser 15, automobile air-conditioning evaporator, heat exchanger 11, auxiliary heating system 12, heat dissipation structure 7, power battery system 6 and pressure data inside the heat equalization chamber, and transmit the temperature data and pressure data to the control system in real time.

[0054] The data acquisition system 17 can simultaneously collect the temperature data of the automobile air conditioning condenser 15, automobile air conditioning evaporator, heat exchanger 11, auxiliary heating system 12, heat dissipation structure 7, power battery system 6, and the pressure data inside each heat-sparing body 3 in the power battery system 6, and transmit the above-mentioned relevant data to the control system in real time. Specifically, for the power battery system 6, the temperature test points of the data acquisition system 17 should be distributed on the battery top, bottom, side wall of the battery mounting cylinder 34 and the outer wall of the outer shell 301 including the heat-sparing body 3, and monitor the temperature of each battery unit 2, the positive and negative electrode connection and the liquid working medium in the heat-sparing cavity in real time.

[0055] Specifically, the control system can control the speed of the compressor 14 of the automobile air-conditioning system, the opening of the expansion valve and other parameters in real time according to the temperature and pressure signals provided by the data acquisition system 17, so as to adjust the working state of the automobile air-conditioning system, and control the temperature of the refrigerant in the battery cooling system by changing the heat exchange temperature difference between the automobile air-conditioning evaporator and the heat exchanger 11; the control system can also directly control the speed of the flow pump 8 and the auxiliary heating system 12, so as to adjust the flow rate and temperature of the refrigerant in the battery thermal management system.

[0056] In this embodiment, the heat-equalizing body 3 utilizes a working principle similar to that of a heat pipe to quickly and efficiently conduct the heat of the battery cell 2 to the heat dissipation structure 7. The thermal management system has high heat dissipation efficiency and high temperature control accuracy, and can also improve the temperature uniformity of the battery pack. The heat-equalizing body 3 has a compact structure, and the liquid phase working medium inside can reach the gaps between the cylindrical batteries inside the heat-equalizing body 3, which has a good heat dissipation effect. This allows more than two columns of battery cells 2 to be spaced apart between the liquid cooling tubes, thereby improving the integration rate of the system and reducing the total length of the liquid cooling tubes. The heat conduction path of the heat-equalizing body 3 is reversible, and the thermal management system can also efficiently and uniformly heat the battery cells 2 at low temperatures. The battery thermal management control system is concise in design, has no complex component structure, has high reliability, and has low mass production cost. The temperature parameters of each heat exchange element and the temperature and pressure of the working fluid in the heat-averaging chamber are monitored in real time through the data acquisition system 17, and the speed of the compressor 14 and the parameters of the throttling element 16 (such as the expansion valve opening) of the automobile air-conditioning system are controlled in real time according to the signal provided by the data acquisition system 17 to adjust the working state of the automobile air-conditioning system, thereby controlling the temperature of the working fluid in the flow pump 8; at the same time, the speed of the flow pump 8 and the auxiliary heating system 12 can also be directly controlled to adjust the flow rate and temperature of the working fluid in the liquid cooling tube, thereby efficiently and accurately controlling the battery system temperature.

[0057] An embodiment of the present invention further provides a vehicle, the vehicle having the above-mentioned battery heat dissipation device;

[0058] Alternatively, the vehicle has a power battery system 6 as described above;

[0059] Alternatively, the vehicle has a battery thermal management system as described above.

[0060] The above-mentioned vehicle may be a pure electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle, etc.

[0061] A battery heat dissipation device, a power battery system, a vehicle and a battery thermal management system provided by an embodiment of the present invention, wherein a liquid phase working medium that can be vaporized and condensed in the heat dissipation chamber is arranged in the heat dissipation chamber of the battery heat dissipation device, the liquid phase working medium can evaporate (vaporize) at the evaporation end and absorb heat, and can absorb heat and vaporize at the evaporation end, and re-condense into a liquid phase (release heat) at the condensation end, and the liquid phase working medium after condensing into a liquid phase can flow back to the evaporation end under the action of the capillary structure, and perform a cycle of evaporation and condensation, and has high thermal conductivity. The battery mounting tube 34 of the heat dissipation body 3 can be tightly combined with the battery unit 2, and the heat of the battery single unit can be quickly and efficiently discharged by using a working principle similar to that of a heat pipe, and the battery can also be quickly and evenly heated, which can effectively solve the common problems of low space utilization, low heat exchange efficiency, and uneven temperature distribution in the thermal management design of the battery pack. In addition, since the liquid working medium in the heat-averaging chamber can spontaneously circulate continuously between the evaporation end and the condensation end, the heat generated by the battery far away from the serpentine tube can also be quickly transferred to the refrigerant supplied to the liquid cooling tube. Therefore, the battery arrangement between the serpentine liquid cooling tubes can break through the limitation of two rows, thereby reducing the total length of the serpentine tube, reducing the refrigerant pressure drop, reducing the power consumption of the flow pump 8 to a certain extent, and improving space utilization. In addition, by adopting the working principle of the heat pipe, the battery temperature is uniform, the battery temperature consistency is good, and the temperature control effect is good, which is conducive to ensuring the consistency of each battery and has good safety and reliability.

[0062] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modification, equivalent substitution or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A battery heat dissipation device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a hollow heat-saturating body, wherein the heat-saturating body is provided with a plurality of battery mounting cylinders for accommodating battery cells, wherein a heat-saturating cavity is provided inside the heat-saturating body, wherein the inner wall of the heat-saturating cavity is provided with a capillary porous structure layer, wherein a liquid phase working medium which can be vaporized and condensed in the heat-saturating cavity is provided in the heat-saturating cavity; the heat-saturating body comprises an outer shell and an end cover, wherein the upper and lower ends of the outer shell are open, wherein each of the battery mounting cylinders is adjacently and spaced apart and arranged in the outer shell, wherein two end covers are provided and are respectively connected to the upper and lower ends of the outer shell and the battery mounting cylinder to form the heat-saturating cavity, and wherein the end cover is provided with a plurality of through holes, wherein each through hole corresponds to the two ends of the battery mounting cylinder; the capillary porous structure comprises a cylinder-side capillary layer arranged on the side wall of the battery mounting cylinder, a shell-inside capillary layer arranged on the inner wall of the outer shell, and A capillary layer on the inner wall of the end cover is arranged on the end cover, and the capillary layer on the inner wall of the end cover is respectively connected with the capillary layer on the inner side of the shell and the capillary layer on the side of the cylinder; the battery mounting tube is cylindrical, and each of the battery mounting tubes is arranged in a honeycomb shape, the cross-section of the capillary layer on the side of the cylinder is gear-shaped, and the outer side has a plurality of convex structures uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction; a porous support column is arranged between three adjacent battery mounting tubes that form a triangular arrangement, and the porous support column is located in the heat equalization chamber, and the two ends of the porous support column are respectively in contact with the capillary layer on the inner wall of the end cover; the inner core of the porous support column is a rigid pillar; each of the porous support columns is formed by three arc-shaped side surfaces connected in a triangular arrangement, and each arc-shaped side surface of the porous support column forms an equal-width channel with the capillary layer on the inner wall of the end cover corresponding to the three adjacent battery mounting tubes.

2. A battery heat dissipation device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: Under the set pressure of the heat-saturating chamber, the saturated steam temperature corresponding to the liquid phase working medium in a saturated state inside the heat-saturating chamber meets the target temperature of battery thermal management.

3. A battery heat dissipation device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: Insulating sheets are arranged at both ends of the heat equalizing body.

4. A power battery system, characterized in that: The invention comprises a plurality of battery cells and a battery heat dissipation device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the battery cells are arranged in a battery mounting tube of the heat equalizing body.

5. A battery thermal management system, characterized in that: It includes a power battery system as described in claim 4, and also includes a heat exchange system and an air-conditioning system, the heat exchange system is connected to the heat dissipation device, the air-conditioning system is connected to the heat exchange system, the heat exchange system includes a heat dissipation structure, the heat dissipation structure is connected to the heat-spreading body, or the shell of the heat-spreading body serves as a partial shell of the heat dissipation structure.

6. A battery thermal management system as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The heat exchange system includes a flow pump, a filter, a liquid reservoir, a heat exchanger, and an auxiliary heating system; the air conditioning system includes an automobile air conditioning system evaporator, a compressor, an automobile air conditioning condenser, and a throttling element; and the battery thermal management system also includes a control system for controlling the heat exchange system and the air conditioning system; The outlet of the flow pump is connected to the inlet of the filter, the outlet of the filter is connected to the inlet of the liquid reservoir, the outlet of the liquid reservoir is connected to the inlet of the heat exchanger, the outlet of the heat exchanger is connected to the auxiliary heating system, the auxiliary heating system is connected to the inlet of the heat dissipation structure, and the outlet of the heat dissipation structure is connected to the inlet of the flow pump; the compressor is connected to the inlet of the condenser, the outlet of the condenser is connected to the throttling element, and the throttling element is connected to the automobile air-conditioning evaporator; The battery thermal management system also includes a data acquisition system, which is used to collect temperature data of the automobile air-conditioning condenser, automobile air-conditioning evaporator, heat exchanger, auxiliary heating system, heat dissipation structure, power battery system and pressure data inside the heat equalization chamber, and transmit the temperature data and pressure data to the control system in real time.

7. A vehicle, characterized in that: The vehicle has a battery cooling device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3; Alternatively, the vehicle has a power battery system as claimed in claim 4; Alternatively, the vehicle has a battery thermal management system as claimed in claim 5 or 6.

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