Method for removing spartina alterniflora in lagoon face environment

Abstract

The invention provides a method for removing spartina alterniflora in a lagoon face environment, and belongs to the technical field of spartina alterniflora governance, and the method comprises the following steps: S10: data collection: collecting, sorting and analyzing hydrogeological data, tide water conditions and spartina alterniflora distribution conditions of a governance area; s20, dividing a treatment area: dividing the treatment area into a high tidal flat area, a middle-low tidal flat area and other areas through treatment according to field survey data and hydrogeology in combination with the current situation environment of the treatment area; and S30, a treatment scheme is formulated in a targeted manner. The step S30 comprises the following steps: S310, for a high tidal flat area, a'deep burying method 'is adopted for block and ridge treatment. According to the method, for the treatment of spartina alterniflora, different treatment environments can be combined, treatment is carried out according to an established method, quality monitoring is carried out in the treatment process, surveying and lofting are carried out according to different process treatment areas before treatment, colored flags and other obvious markers are arranged for identification, the different process treatment areas are distinguished, and patrol inspection is carried out regularly after treatment is completed; and the found problem is rectified in time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of Spartina alterniflora control, and in particular to a method for removing Spartina alterniflora in a lagoon environment. Background Art

[0002] A lagoon is a local area of ​​seawater separated from the open sea by sand spits, sand dams or corals. Lagoons can be divided into semi-enclosed or closed types. They are separated from the open sea and have the characteristics of being separated from the open sea and having natural barriers. The mudflats in the lagoon will be submerged at high tide and exposed at low tide. According to the intertidal zone, they can be divided into three types: high tide intertidal zone, middle intertidal zone and low intertidal zone.

[0003] Spartina alterniflora is a perennial herbaceous plant of the genus Spartina in the Poaceae family, with the characteristics of well-developed root system, salt and flood resistance, strong fertility, fast population spread and strong invasiveness. As a species that promotes silting and land reclamation, beach protection and revetment, it has now become the most serious invasive plant in the global coastal wetland ecosystem. The invasion of Spartina alterniflora not only squeezes the living space of other plants, destroys the habitat of benthic organisms, fish and birds, changes the structure of coastal tidal flat ecosystems, causes the degradation of coastal wetland ecosystems and the reduction of biodiversity, and seriously threatens the safety of my country's coastal wetland ecosystems, but also hinders the normal flow of tides and reduces the flood discharge capacity of rivers and estuaries. The tidal phenomenon is obvious in the lagoon environment, and its immersion time is not too long due to the influence of the terrain, and the external wind and waves are gentle, which is extremely suitable for the growth of Spartina alterniflora. However, the relevant technology for removing Spartina alterniflora in the lagoon environment has not been found in the domestic Spartina alterniflora management so far, so it is necessary to design a method suitable for removing Spartina alterniflora in the lagoon environment. Summary of the invention

[0004] The invention provides a method for removing Spartina alterniflora in a lagoon environment, which can successfully remove Spartina alterniflora in the lagoon environment, improve the management effect, restore the ecosystem, and protect the safety of the coastal wetland ecosystem.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A method for removing Spartina alterniflora in a lagoon environment comprises the following steps:

[0007] S10: Data collection: collect, collate and analyze the hydrogeological data, tidal conditions and distribution of Spartina alterniflora in the treatment area;

[0008] S20: Division of treatment area: Based on the on-site investigation data, hydrogeology and the current environment of the treatment area, the treatment area is divided into high tide beach area, medium and low tide beach area and other areas;

[0009] S30: Develop targeted governance plans: S30 includes the following steps:

[0010] S310: For the high tide beach area, the “deep burial method” is used to manage the area in blocks and ridges;

[0011] S320: For the middle and low tidal flat areas, the “mowing + plowing” method is used for management;

[0012] S330: For other areas, the “manual removal” method is used for management.

[0013] Preferably, the hydrogeological data in S10 include the topography, landform and geological conditions of the treatment area; the tidal conditions include tides, water levels and duration of high and low tides.

[0014] Preferably, the block and ridge management using the "deep burial method" in S310 includes the following steps:

[0015] S311: Before deep burial treatment, use equipment to dig a trench with a depth of 2.0m and a slope ratio of 1:5 in the light beach area on the landward side of the planned patch;

[0016] S312: Use equipment to bury the Spartina alterniflora plants together with their roots at the bottom of the ditch and cover them with bottom soil, with the soil covering depth being more than 1.0 m;

[0017] S313: The high tide beach area management process is carried out in a block and ridge manner.

[0018] Preferably, the block and ridge management by using the "deep burial method" in S310 also includes:

[0019] S314: The treatment effect should be monitored during the treatment process. During the tillage process, there should be no exposed rhizomes on the surface of Spartina alterniflora, and the rhizomes under the tidal flats should be cut and crushed. If the above requirements are not met, timely additional tillage should be required.

[0020] Preferably, the "mowing + tilling" method for management in step S320 includes the following steps:

[0021] S321: using a mower to mow the Spartina alterniflora at high tide, leaving the Spartina alterniflora stubble at a height of less than 10 cm during mowing, and collecting the mowed Spartina alterniflora plants ashore for centralized treatment;

[0022] S322: After mowing, a tiller is used to perform multiple full tillage processes, with each tillage interval being more than 3 months, wherein different tillage depths are used for different soil types.

[0023] Preferably, in S322, the tillage depth reaches more than 0.5m in silty soil and reaches 0.3m in hard sandy soil.

[0024] Preferably, the mower in S321 can adjust the mowing depth of the cutting head of the mower according to the change of tide level to control the stubble height of Spartina alterniflora.

[0025] Preferably, the "mowing + tilling" method for management in step S320 also includes the following steps:

[0026] S3200: Set up fences around the treatment area before treatment;

[0027] S3201: Collect while mowing, check the condition of the fence in time, and repair and reinforce the fence in time if it is damaged;

[0028] S3202: The stalks of Spartina alterniflora cut during each tide operation must be collected on shore before low tide and must not be left until the next tide for collection.

[0029] Preferably, the "manual removal" method used in S330 includes the following steps:

[0030] S331: In the early growth stage of Spartina alterniflora, the Spartina alterniflora is manually pulled out and the pulled Spartina alterniflora is collected and brought ashore for treatment.

[0031] As can be seen from the above technical scheme, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: in the present invention, for the governance of Spartina alterniflora, according to the actual environmental state of the lagoon, governance is divided into different governance environments, and corresponding governance schemes are set in combination with different governance environments, and governance is carried out according to the set governance scheme, therefore, it is possible to carry out Spartina alterniflora governance work in accordance with local conditions, and quality monitoring is carried out in the governance process, and different process governance areas are measured and laid out before governance, and obvious markers such as colored flags are used to mark, and different process governance areas are distinguished, and after governance is completed, positioning is carried out to inspect and inspect, and timely rectification is carried out for the problems found. The present invention can successfully remove Spartina alterniflora in the lagoon environment, improve governance effectiveness, restore the ecological environment, and protect the safety of coastal wetland ecosystems. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the deep burial process for Spartina alterniflora provided by the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 The present invention provides a flow chart of the method for removing Spartina alterniflora provided by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] A preferred embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0035] To achieve the above purpose, the embodiment of the present invention adopts the following technical solution: Figure 1 , Figure 2A method for removing Spartina alterniflora in a lagoon environment comprises the following steps:

[0036] S10: Data collection: Collect, collate and analyze the hydrogeological data, tidal conditions and distribution of Spartina alterniflora in the treatment area.

[0037] Specifically, the hydrogeological data, tidal conditions and distribution of Spartina alterniflora in the control area are collected, organized and analyzed, so as to formulate targeted control plans for Spartina alterniflora according to different tidal levels and different growth environments. It should be noted that the hydrogeological materials include topography, landforms, geological conditions, etc.; the tidal conditions include tides and water levels, duration of high and low tides, etc.

[0038] S20: Division of treatment area: Based on the on-site investigation data, the hydrogeology and the current environment of the treatment area, it is divided into high tide beach area, medium and low tide beach area and other areas after treatment.

[0039] Specifically, based on the on-site investigation data, the hydrogeology and the current environment of the treatment area, the treatment area is divided into three different process treatment areas: high tide beach area, medium and low tide beach area, and other areas.

[0040] S30: Develop targeted governance plans: S30 includes the following steps:

[0041] S310: For high tide beach areas, the “deep burial method” is used to manage the area in blocks and ridges.

[0042] Specifically, for the high tide beach area, the bottom conditions in this area are relatively good, and large-scale equipment can be put into operation to improve the efficiency of management while ensuring the management effect. The management of this area adopts the "deep burial method" and is carried out in a block and ridge manner. That is, the equipment is used to bury the Spartina alterniflora plants together with the root system.

[0043] S320: For the middle and low tidal flat areas, the “mowing + tillage” method is adopted for management.

[0044] Specifically, for the middle and low tidal flat areas, the areas where the mud surface elevation is cleared, the soil is relatively soft, and it is difficult for large-scale construction machinery to construct the area, the "mowing + tillage" method is used for management. Specifically in the management process, according to the management plan, the management area is measured and marked out, and obvious signs are made to distinguish them. The mowing operation is completed by a mower, and the Spartina alterniflora plants are collected ashore for centralized treatment after mowing. Tillage operations can only be carried out after the stubble height is less than 10 cm. At the same time, comprehensive tillage treatment is carried out after the mowing is completed.

[0045] The "mowing + plowing" management method is suitable for medium and low tidal flats and areas where construction with large construction machinery is difficult. It can also be operated during the tide, which greatly solves the problem of difficulty in bringing large equipment into the site and high risk factors.

[0046] S330: For other areas, the “manual removal” method is used for management.

[0047] Specifically, for Spartina alterniflora that is distributed close to breeding ponds and dams, as well as areas near the shore that grow on gravel soil and rugged terrain and are not conducive to the construction of mechanical equipment, the "manual removal" method is used to remove the plants and their roots together, and the plants are collected on shore for centralized treatment. The manual removal process is flexible and convenient, with little disturbance to the tidal flats, and will not affect the surrounding breeding ponds, dams, etc.

[0048] The invention can treat Spartina alterniflora by combining different treatment environments, treating according to established methods, performing quality monitoring during the treatment process, performing measurement and staking out according to different process treatment areas before treatment, and setting up obvious markers such as colored flags for marking to distinguish different process treatment areas, and performing regular inspections after treatment is completed, and promptly rectifying problems found.

[0049] As a preferred technical solution of this embodiment, the "deep burial method" used in S310 for block and ridge management includes the following steps:

[0050] S311: Before deep burial treatment, use equipment to dig a ditch with a depth of 2.0m and a slope ratio of 1:5 in the beach area on the land side of the planned patch.

[0051] Specifically, before deep burial treatment, an amphibious excavator was used to dig a deep trench with a depth of 2.0m and a slope ratio of 1:5 in the light beach area on the land side of the planned patch.

[0052] S312: Use equipment to bury the Spartina alterniflora plants together with their roots at the bottom of the ditch and cover them with bottom soil. The depth of the soil covering is more than 1.0m.

[0053] Specifically, large equipment is used to bury the Spartina alterniflora plants together with their roots deep in the ditch bottom, and then covered with bottom soil, with the covering soil depth being more than 1.0 m.

[0054] S313: The high tide beach area management process is carried out in a block and ridge manner.

[0055] Specifically, in the process of controlling Spartina alterniflora in the high tide beach area, the method of block and ridge control is adopted to promote it.

[0056] As a preferred technical solution of this embodiment, the "deep burial method" for block and ridge management in S310 also includes:

[0057] S314: The treatment effect should be monitored during the treatment process. During the tillage process, there should be no exposed rhizomes on the surface of Spartina alterniflora, and the rhizomes under the tidal flats should be cut and crushed. If the above requirements are not met, timely additional tillage should be required.

[0058] Specifically, when using the "deep burial method" to operate in the high tide beach area, the management effect needs to be monitored. When plowing, there should be no rhizomes exposed on the surface of Spartina alterniflora, and the rhizomes of Spartina alterniflora under the beach need to be cut and crushed. If the above requirements are not met, timely additional plowing is required.

[0059] As a preferred technical solution of this embodiment, the "mowing + tillage" method used in step S320 includes the following steps:

[0060] S321: A mower is used to mow Spartina alterniflora during the high tide. The stubble height of Spartina alterniflora is kept below 10 cm during mowing. The mowed Spartina alterniflora plants are collected on shore for centralized treatment.

[0061] Specifically, for the middle and low tidal flat areas, the mud surface elevation is low and the soil is soft, making construction with large construction machinery difficult. Therefore, mowers are used to mow the Spartina alterniflora during the tide, and the mowed Spartina alterniflora plants are collected ashore for centralized treatment.

[0062] S322: After mowing, a tiller is used to perform multiple full tillage processes, with each tillage interval being more than 3 months, wherein different tillage depths are used for different soil types.

[0063] Specifically, after mowing is completed, a tiller is used to perform comprehensive tillage treatment multiple times. Multiple tillage is a physical method to crush and destroy the rhizomes of Spartina alterniflora, and bury them in the mudflats for natural digestion and decomposition to achieve the purpose of control. Specifically in this embodiment, a tiller is required to perform three tillage treatments, with an interval of more than 3 months between each tillage. The tillage time of this embodiment is planned to perform the first tillage after the first tillage, the second tillage from November to December, and the third tillage from April to June of the following year; at the same time, when tilling, the tiller can adopt different tillage depths for different soil types.

[0064] It should be noted that tillage should be carried out in combination with the biological characteristics of Spartina alterniflora, when its biological activity is low and before its seeds mature, and during low tide.

[0065] Furthermore, in the S322, for muddy soil, the tilling depth of the tiller operation needs to reach more than 0.5m, and in hard sandy soil, the tilling depth of the tiller needs to reach 0.3m.

[0066] As a preferred technical solution of this embodiment, the mower in S321 can adjust the mowing depth of the cutting head of the mower according to the change of tide level to control the stubble height of Spartina alterniflora and make the stubble height below 10 cm.

[0067] As a preferred technical solution of this embodiment, the "mowing + tillage" method for management in step S320 also includes the following steps:

[0068] S3200: Set up fences to divide the treatment area before treatment.

[0069] Specifically, before treatment, the treatment area is measured and marked out according to the treatment plan, and clear markings are made to distinguish the areas, and fences are set up in the treatment areas.

[0070] S3201: Collect while mowing, check the condition of the fence in time, and repair and reinforce the fence in time if it is damaged.

[0071] Specifically, during the mowing process, the harvested Spartina alterniflora is collected while being mowed. During this process, the status of the fence is checked in time, and the fence is repaired and reinforced in time if it is broken.

[0072] S3202: The stalks of Spartina alterniflora cut during each tide operation must be collected on shore before low tide and must not be left until the next tide for collection.

[0073] Specifically, during each high and low tide operation, the stalks of Spartina alterniflora harvested by the mower must be collected on shore before the tide goes out and must not be left until the next tide for collection.

[0075] As a preferred technical solution of this embodiment, the "manual removal" method used in S330 includes the following steps:

[0076] S331: In the early growth stage of Spartina alterniflora, the Spartina alterniflora is manually pulled out and the pulled Spartina alterniflora is collected and brought ashore for treatment.

[0077] Specifically, for the Spartina alterniflora distributed close to breeding ponds and dams, as well as the areas growing on gravel soil and rugged terrain near the shore that are not conducive to the entry of mechanical equipment for construction, this area is affected by the environment and external conditions, and it is inconvenient to put equipment into use or there are major safety hazards in putting equipment into use. The "manual removal" method is adopted to pull out the plants and their roots together, and the pulled out Spartina alterniflora is collected and brought ashore for treatment.

[0078] It should be noted that the "manual removal" control method must be carried out in the spring when the Spartina alterniflora is in its early growth stage and its root system is relatively underdeveloped.

[0079] The above-described embodiments are merely descriptions of preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should all fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for removing Spartina alterniflora in a lagoon environment, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S10: Data collection: collect, collate and analyze the hydrogeological data, tidal conditions and distribution of Spartina alterniflora in the treatment area; S20: Division of treatment area: Based on the on-site investigation data, hydrogeology and the current environment of the treatment area, the treatment area is divided into high tide beach area, medium and low tide beach area and other areas; S30: Develop targeted governance plans: S30 includes the following steps: S310: For the high tide beach area, the "deep burial method" is used to manage the area in blocks and ridges; S320: For the middle and low tidal flat areas, the "mowing + plowing" method is used for management; S330: For other areas, "manual removal" method is used for management.

2. The method for removing Spartina alterniflora in a lagoon environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrogeological data in S10 include the topography, landform and geological conditions of the treatment area; the tidal conditions include tides, water levels and duration of high and low tides.

3. The method for removing Spartina alterniflora in a lagoon environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The block and ridge management using the "deep burial method" in S310 includes the following steps: S311: Before deep burial treatment, use equipment to dig a trench with a depth of 2.0m and a slope ratio of 1:5 in the light beach area on the landward side of the planned patch; S312: Use equipment to bury the Spartina alterniflora plants together with their roots at the bottom of the ditch and cover them with bottom soil, with the soil covering depth being more than 1.0 m; S313: The high tide beach area management process is carried out in a block and ridge manner.

4. The method for removing Spartina alterniflora in a lagoon environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The block and ridge management by using the "deep burial method" in S310 also includes: S314: The treatment effect should be monitored during the treatment process. During the tillage process, there should be no exposed rhizomes on the surface of Spartina alterniflora, and the rhizomes under the tidal flats should be cut and crushed. If the above requirements are not met, timely additional tillage should be required.

5. The method for removing Spartina alterniflora in a lagoon environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The "mowing + tilling" method used in step S320 includes the following steps: S321: using a mower to mow the Spartina alterniflora at high tide, leaving the Spartina alterniflora stubble at a height of less than 10 cm during mowing, and collecting the mowed Spartina alterniflora plants ashore for centralized treatment; S322: After mowing, a tiller is used to perform multiple full tillage processes, with each tillage interval being more than 3 months, wherein different tillage depths are used for different soil types.

6. The method for removing Spartina alterniflora in a lagoon environment according to claim 5, wherein in said S322, the tillage depth in muddy soil reaches more than 0.5 m, and in hard sandy soil reaches 0.3 m.

7. The method for removing Spartina alterniflora in a lagoon environment according to claim 5, characterized in that: The S321 mower can adjust the mowing depth of the cutting head of the mower according to the change of tide level to control the stubble height of Spartina alterniflora.

8. The method for removing Spartina alterniflora in a lagoon environment according to claim 5, characterized in that: The "mowing + tilling" method for management in step S320 also includes the following steps: S3200: Set up fences around the treatment area before treatment; S3201: Collect while mowing, check the condition of the fence in time, and repair and reinforce the fence in time if it is damaged; S3202: The stalks of Spartina alterniflora cut during each tide operation must be collected on shore before low tide and must not be left until the next tide for collection.

9. The method for removing Spartina alterniflora in a lagoon environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The "manual removal" method used in S330 includes the following steps: S331: In the early growth stage of Spartina alterniflora, the Spartina alterniflora is manually pulled out and the pulled Spartina alterniflora is collected and brought ashore for treatment.

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