Emergency treatment method and equipment for dam break of glacier lake

Abstract

The invention discloses a glacier lake dam break emergency treatment method and equipment, a telescopic pipeline is erected on two sides of a dam body of a glacier lake, two ends of the telescopic pipeline are closed by valves, one end of the telescopic pipeline is submerged below the water surface of the glacier lake, and the other end of the telescopic pipeline extends to the outer side of the dam body and is lower than the water surface of the glacier lake. The telescopic pipeline is filled with lake water through another small-diameter rubber pipe with a submersible pump, so that air in the telescopic pipeline is completely discharged. And then valves at the two ends of the telescopic pipe are opened, and the lake water is discharged from the telescopic pipe through siphoning. Large-flow drainage can be achieved through the large-diameter telescopic pipeline, the lake water level is rapidly lowered, and the dam break risk is effectively relieved. The telescopic pipeline does not need to be filled with water in advance, is light in weight, is easy to hoist and install, and can be quickly filled and exhaust air. A small-diameter rubber pipe is used for filling, a high-power submersible pump is not needed, energy consumption is low, the overall weight of equipment is small, and rapid emergency arrangement is facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of emergency treatment and emergency rescue technology, in particular to emergency treatment technology for ice and snow disasters and lake dam burst disasters caused by melting glaciers, and in particular to a glacial lake dam burst emergency treatment method and equipment. Background Art

[0002] Rising global temperatures have led to an accelerated melting of ice and snow, especially in high latitudes and high altitudes, where the phenomenon of glacier melting is becoming increasingly significant. Climate change has changed the distribution and form of precipitation. In some areas, spring precipitation may appear in the form of rain, which reduces the formation of snow and affects the storage of water resources. As temperatures rise, the area and duration of ice and snow coverage in winter decrease, which not only affects the ecosystem but also increases the risk of hydrological disasters in spring and summer. As glaciers melt, new lakes are formed, especially glacial meltwater lakes. These lakes may accumulate a large amount of water in a short period of time. The dams of some newly formed lakes are often fragile; when the upstream meltwater surges, the lake water level rises rapidly, which may cause the dam to collapse, triggering downstream floods and causing serious disasters. Melting ice and snow and lake collapse may cause water pollution, affect biological habitats, and damage local ecosystems. Floods caused by disasters not only affect the safety of residents, but also cause serious losses to agriculture, infrastructure, energy supply, etc. As disasters occur frequently, they may lead to large-scale migration, increase social conflicts and security risks. In short, ice and snow disasters and lake dam breaches caused by glacier melting are natural disasters closely related to climate change, which may cause serious casualties and property losses.

[0003] Since glacial lakes are usually located in remote high latitudes and high altitudes, with limited means of observation and monitoring, when a new lake is found with a surge in water volume, the dam is already at risk of collapse. The traditional method of digging trenches to lower the water level may not be able to handle it in time, and large excavation equipment is difficult to deploy in time.

[0004] For example, the method for opening a channel to discharge water from a barrier lake disclosed in CN 104264624 B requires the establishment of a working platform that can support large equipment on the surface of the barrier lake, and the configuration of a high-lift, large-volume water pump and power supply equipment. This method requires the use of a water pump to impact the dam body to open a discharge channel, which requires the use of high-power equipment. However, the transportation and installation process of these devices is complicated and it is difficult to meet the needs of emergency rescue.

[0005] CN 101408206 B, CN 100594275 C and CN 101418550 B propose a method of using two cages A and B wrapped with hoses, lifting them by helicopter and placing them in the water of the barrier lake, so that cage A is lower than cage B, so as to exhaust the air in the hose and fill the hose with water. Subsequently, the hose of cage A is removed and kept immersed in water, and cage B is lifted out to the outside of the barrier ridge, the hose filled with water is removed and the drainage gate valve is opened, thereby forming a siphon drainage system. However, although this method seems ingenious, there are actually great problems. After the hose is filled with water, the weight becomes very large, which increases the risk of helicopter lifting. In order to reduce the risk, it may be necessary to reduce the diameter of the hose, but this will cause the hose to discharge water significantly. The drainage speed may be difficult to catch up with the speed of the melting snow, thereby failing to effectively reduce the risk of dam breach. Summary of the invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a glacial lake dam breach emergency treatment method and equipment to reduce or avoid the above-mentioned problems.

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention proposes a glacial lake dam breach emergency treatment method for emergency discharge of lake water in the glacial lake to the outside of the dam body of the glacial lake, the method comprising the following steps: a three-way joint is arranged on the dam body of the glacial lake; a first telescopic pipe whose end extends outside the dam body of the glacial lake is connected to the first end of the three-way joint, and a second telescopic pipe whose end extends below the water surface of the glacial lake is connected to the second end of the three-way joint; the first end of the first telescopic pipe is arranged below the water surface of the glacial lake and the first end is closed, and the second end of the second telescopic pipe is closed; The water outlet of the hose with a submersible pump at the end is connected to the third end of the three-way joint, and the submersible pump is placed below the water surface of the glacial lake; the submersible pump is started, and the lake water is injected into the first telescopic pipe and the second telescopic pipe with closed ends through the hose; after the first telescopic pipe and the second telescopic pipe are completely filled with lake water and the air therein is completely discharged, the three-way joint is closed; the first end of the first telescopic pipe is opened, and the second end of the second telescopic pipe is opened, so that the lake water is discharged from the second end through the second telescopic pipe, the three-way joint, the first telescopic pipe and the first end to the outside of the dam body of the glacial lake under the action of siphon.

[0008] Preferably, the third end of the three-way joint connected to the hose is provided with a third valve; the first end and the second end of the three-way joint connected to the first telescopic pipe and the second telescopic pipe are provided with the first exhaust pipe and the second exhaust pipe respectively; the first exhaust pipe and the second exhaust pipe are provided with the fourth valve and the fifth valve respectively; when lake water is injected through the hose, the fourth valve and the fifth valve are both in the open state, and when water overflows from the fourth valve and the fifth valve, the fourth valve and the fifth valve on the three-way joint are closed first, and then the third valve on the three-way joint is closed, and finally the submersible pump is stopped.

[0009] The present invention also proposes a glacial lake dam breach emergency treatment device, which is used for emergency discharge of lake water in a glacial lake to the outside of a dam body of the glacial lake. The emergency treatment device includes a three-way joint arranged on the dam body of the glacial lake, the first end of the three-way joint is connected to a first telescopic pipe whose end extends to the outside of the dam body of the glacial lake, the second end of the three-way joint is connected to a second telescopic pipe whose end extends below the water surface of the glacial lake, the third end of the three-way joint is connected to the water outlet of a hose, and the end of the hose is provided with a submersible pump; the first end of the first telescopic pipe is arranged below the water surface of the glacial lake and is provided with a first valve, and the second end of the second telescopic pipe is provided with a second valve; the third end of the three-way joint connected to the hose is provided with a third valve.

[0010] Preferably, the first end and the second end of the three-way joint connected to the first telescopic pipe and the second telescopic pipe are respectively provided with a first exhaust pipe and a second exhaust pipe; the first exhaust pipe and the second exhaust pipe are respectively provided with a fourth valve and a fifth valve.

[0011] Preferably, the first valve, the second valve, the third valve, the fourth valve and the fifth valve are respectively connected to the control box via wires.

[0012] Preferably, the submersible pump is connected to the control box via a wire.

[0013] Preferably, the diameter of the rubber hose is 100-200 mm, and the diameters of the first telescopic pipe and the second telescopic pipe are the same, both of which are 500-1000 mm.

[0014] Preferably, the ratio of the diameter of the first telescopic pipe and the second telescopic pipe to the diameter of the hose is 4:1-5:1.

[0015] The method of the present invention can achieve drainage of a larger flow rate by utilizing a large diameter pipe, thereby quickly lowering the water level of the lake and effectively alleviating the risk of dam breach. The large diameter retractable pipe does not need to be filled with water in advance, is light in weight, and is easy to hoist and install. The overall capacity of the large diameter retractable pipe is limited, and a small diameter hose can be used to quickly fill the entire retractable pipe with lake water and discharge the air. In addition, the small diameter hose does not require a high-power submersible pump, has low energy consumption, and only requires a battery or a small fuel generator to drive the submersible pump. The overall weight of the equipment is very small, which is convenient for rapid emergency deployment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] The following drawings are only intended to illustrate and explain the present application, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a glacial lake dam burst emergency treatment device according to a specific embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] In order to have a clearer understanding of the technical features, purposes and effects of the present invention, the specific implementation of the present invention is now described with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein the same components are marked with the same reference numerals.

[0019] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention proposes a method for emergency treatment of glacial lake dam breach. Similar to CN101408206 B, CN 100594275 C and CN 101418550 B, the method of the present invention generally utilizes the siphon principle to discharge the lake water in the glacial lake to the outside of the dam body of the glacial lake in an emergency to avoid the dam body of the glacial lake from breaching.

[0020] Different from the prior art, the method of the present invention uses a large-diameter retractable pipe to be erected on both sides of the dam body of the glacial lake. Both ends of the retractable pipe are closed with valves. One end of the retractable pipe is submerged below the water surface of the glacial lake, and the other end extends to the outside of the dam body and below the water surface of the glacial lake. The retractable pipe is provided with a three-way opening at the top of the dam body. Through another small-diameter rubber hose with a submersible pump, the lake water is filled into the retractable pipe through the three-way opening, so that all the air in the retractable pipe is discharged. Afterwards, the valves at both ends of the retractable pipe are opened, and the lake water is discharged from the retractable pipe by siphoning.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the method of the present invention can achieve a larger flow rate of drainage by using a large diameter pipe, thereby quickly lowering the water level of the lake and effectively alleviating the risk of dam breach. The large diameter retractable pipe does not need to be filled with water in advance, is light in weight, and is easy to hoist and install. The overall capacity of the large diameter retractable pipe is limited, and a small diameter hose can be used to quickly fill the entire retractable pipe with lake water and exhaust the air. In addition, the small diameter hose does not require a high-power submersible pump, has low energy consumption, and only requires a battery or a small fuel generator to drive the submersible pump. The overall weight of the equipment is very small, which is convenient for rapid emergency deployment.

[0022] Specifically, Figure 1 As shown, it shows a structural schematic diagram of a glacial lake dam burst emergency treatment device according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] See also Figure 1 The glacial lake dam breach emergency treatment equipment of the present invention includes a three-way joint 10 arranged on the dam body of the glacial lake, the first end of the three-way joint 10 is connected to a first telescopic pipe 20 whose end extends outside the dam body of the glacial lake, the second end of the three-way joint 10 is connected to a second telescopic pipe 30 whose end extends below the water surface of the glacial lake, and the third end of the three-way joint 10 is connected to the outlet of a hose 40, and the end of the hose 40 is provided with a submersible pump 41.

[0024] Correspondingly, the processing steps of the glacial lake dam breach emergency treatment method of the present invention are as follows: a three-way joint 10 is set on the dam body of the glacial lake; a first telescopic pipe 20 whose end extends outside the dam body of the glacial lake is connected to the first end of the three-way joint 10, and a second telescopic pipe 30 whose end extends below the water surface of the glacial lake is connected to the second end of the three-way joint 10; a first end 21 of the first telescopic pipe 20 is set below the water surface of the glacial lake and the first end 21 is closed, and a second end 31 of the second telescopic pipe 30 is closed; a water outlet of a hose 40 with a submersible pump 41 at the end is connected to the third end of the three-way joint 10 , place the submersible pump 41 below the water surface of the glacial lake; start the submersible pump 41, and inject the lake water into the first telescopic pipe 20 and the second telescopic pipe 30 with closed ends through the hose 40; after the first telescopic pipe 20 and the second telescopic pipe 30 are completely filled with lake water and the air therein is completely discharged, close the three-way joint 10; open the first end 21 of the first telescopic pipe 20, and open the second end 31 of the second telescopic pipe 30, so that the lake water is discharged from the second end 31 through the second telescopic pipe 30, the three-way joint 10, the first telescopic pipe 20 and the first end 21 to the outside of the dam body of the glacial lake under the action of siphon.

[0025] Furthermore, in order to realize the closing and opening operation of the pipeline, as shown in the figure, the first end 21 of the first telescopic pipeline 20 is provided with a first valve 22, the second end 30 of the second telescopic pipeline 30 is provided with a second valve 32; the third end of the three-way joint 10 connected to the hose 40 is provided with a third valve 12. These valves can be mechanical valves with manual switches; or electromagnetic valves can be used to facilitate operation in high-altitude and low-temperature environments.

[0026] In order to facilitate the discharge of air in the pipeline, as shown in the figure, the first end and the second end of the three-way joint 10 connected to the first telescopic pipeline 20 and the second telescopic pipeline 30 are respectively provided with a first exhaust pipe 23 and a second exhaust pipe 33; the first exhaust pipe 23 and the second exhaust pipe 33 are respectively provided with a fourth valve 24 and a fifth valve 34. Similarly, these valves can be mechanical valves with manual switches or electromagnetic valves.

[0027] When lake water is injected through the hose 40, the fourth valve 24 and the fifth valve 34 are both in the open state. When water overflows from the fourth valve 24 and the fifth valve 34, it indicates that the first telescopic pipe 20 and the second telescopic pipe 30 have been completely filled with lake water. At this time, the fourth valve 24 and the fifth valve 34 on the three-way joint 10 can be closed first, and then the third valve 12 on the three-way joint 10 can be closed, and finally the submersible pump 41 can be stopped. This operation sequence can ensure that the lake water squeezes out all the air in the pipe to avoid air residue, so as to ensure the smooth realization of the siphon effect.

[0028] In addition, in order to avoid air being blocked at the bottom of the pipe when injecting lake water, the difference between the diameter of the first telescopic pipe 20 and the second telescopic pipe 30 and the diameter of the hose 40 is preferably relatively large. After repeated tests and comprehensive cost considerations, the diameter of the hose 40 is preferably 100-200 mm, and the diameters of the first telescopic pipe 20 and the second telescopic pipe 30 are preferably the same, both 500-1000 mm. Most preferably, the ratio of the diameter of the first telescopic pipe 20 and the second telescopic pipe 30 (the two have the same diameter) to the diameter of the hose 40 is 4:1~5:1, which can ensure that no air is blocked in the first telescopic pipe 20 and the second telescopic pipe 30.

[0029] In response to the needs of remote areas at high altitudes, the first valve 22, the second valve 32, the third valve 12, the fourth valve 24 and the fifth valve 34 are preferably electromagnetic valves, which are respectively connected to the control box 50 through wires (shown by dotted lines in the figure). The control box 50 is further connected to an emergency power supply or a diesel generator to control the opening and closing of the pipeline by controlling the electromagnetic valves.

[0030] Furthermore, the submersible pump 41 may be a submersible pump with a built-in power supply. Of course, the submersible pump may also be connected to the control box 50 via a wire to prevent the submersible pump from failing to work due to failure of the built-in power supply.

[0031] Of course, the solenoid valve and the submersible pump may also adopt a technical solution of having their own batteries, and each of them is connected to the control box 50 in a wireless manner.

[0032] In summary, the present invention can use a large-diameter retractable pipe to achieve large-flow drainage, quickly lower the lake water level, and effectively alleviate the risk of dam breach. The retractable pipe does not need to be filled with water in advance, is light in weight, easy to hoist and install, can be quickly filled and the air can be discharged. The use of a small-diameter hose for filling does not require a high-power submersible pump, has low energy consumption, and the overall weight of the equipment is very small, which is convenient for rapid emergency deployment.

[0033] Those skilled in the art should understand that although the present invention is described in the form of multiple embodiments, not every embodiment includes only one independent technical solution. Such description in the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should understand the specification as a whole and regard the technical solutions involved in each embodiment as being able to be combined into different embodiments to understand the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] The above description is only an illustrative embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any equivalent changes, modifications and combinations made by any person skilled in the art without departing from the concept and principle of the present invention shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for emergency treatment of glacial lake dam breach, used for emergency discharge of lake water in a glacial lake to the outside of the dam body of the glacial lake, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: arranging a three-way joint (10) on a dam body of a glacial lake; connecting a first telescopic pipe (20) whose end extends outside the dam body of the glacial lake to a first end of the three-way joint (10), and connecting a second telescopic pipe (30) whose end extends below the water surface of the glacial lake to a second end of the three-way joint (10); arranging a first end (21) of the first telescopic pipe (20) below the water surface of the glacial lake and closing the first end (21), and closing the second end (31) of the second telescopic pipe (30); connecting a water outlet of a hose (40) with a submersible pump (41) at the end to a third end of the three-way joint (10), placing the submersible pump (41) in the water outlet, and placing the submersible pump (41) in the water outlet; The method comprises placing the dam below the water surface of the glacial lake; starting the submersible pump (41) to inject lake water into the first telescopic pipe (20) and the second telescopic pipe (30) whose ends are closed through the rubber hose (40); after the first telescopic pipe (20) and the second telescopic pipe (30) are completely filled with lake water and the air therein is completely discharged, closing the three-way joint (10); opening the first end (21) of the first telescopic pipe (20) and opening the second end (31) of the second telescopic pipe (30), so that the lake water is discharged from the second end (31) through the second telescopic pipe (30), the three-way joint (10), the first telescopic pipe (20) and the first end (21) to the outside of the dam body of the glacial lake under the action of siphon.

2. The emergency treatment method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The third end of the three-way joint (10) connected to the rubber hose (40) is provided with a third valve (12); the first end and the second end of the three-way joint (10) connected to the first telescopic pipe (20) and the second telescopic pipe (30) are provided with a first exhaust pipe (23) and a second exhaust pipe (33) respectively; the first exhaust pipe (23) and the second exhaust pipe (33) are provided with a fourth valve (24) and a fifth valve (34) respectively; when lake water is injected through the rubber hose (40), the fourth valve (24) and the fifth valve (34) are both in an open state, and when water overflows from the fourth valve (24) and the fifth valve (34), the fourth valve (24) and the fifth valve (34) on the three-way joint (10) are first closed, and then the third valve (12) on the three-way joint (10) is closed, and finally the submersible pump (41) is stopped.

3. A glacial lake dam breach emergency treatment equipment, used to discharge the lake water in the glacial lake to the outside of the dam body of the glacial lake, characterized in that: The emergency treatment equipment comprises a three-way joint (10) arranged on a dam body of a glacial lake, the first end of the three-way joint (10) being connected to a first telescopic pipe (20) whose end extends outside the dam body of the glacial lake, the second end of the three-way joint (10) being connected to a second telescopic pipe (30) whose end extends below the water surface of the glacial lake, the third end of the three-way joint (10) being connected to the water outlet of a hose (40), the end of the hose (40) being provided with a submersible pump (41); the first end (21) of the first telescopic pipe (20) being arranged below the water surface of the glacial lake and being provided with a first valve (22), the second end (30) of the second telescopic pipe (30) being provided with a second valve (32); the third end of the three-way joint (10) connected to the hose (40) being provided with a third valve (12).

4. The emergency treatment equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first end and the second end of the three-way joint (10) connected to the first telescopic pipe (20) and the second telescopic pipe (30) are respectively provided with a first exhaust pipe (23) and a second exhaust pipe (33); the first exhaust pipe (23) and the second exhaust pipe (33) are respectively provided with a fourth valve (24) and a fifth valve (34).

5. The emergency treatment equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first valve (22), the second valve (32), the third valve (12), the fourth valve (24) and the fifth valve (34) are respectively connected to the control box (50) via wires.

6. The emergency treatment equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that: The submersible pump (41) is connected to the control box (50) via a wire.

7. The emergency treatment equipment according to any one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that: The diameter of the rubber hose (40) is 100-200 mm, and the diameters of the first telescopic pipe (20) and the second telescopic pipe (30) are the same, both of which are 500-1000 mm.

8. The emergency treatment equipment according to claim 7, characterized in that: The ratio of the diameter of the first telescopic pipe (20) and the second telescopic pipe (30) to the diameter of the rubber hose (40) is 4:1-5:1.

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