Lead-based reactor deep sea power generation system based on Stirling cycle

Abstract

The invention discloses a lead-based reactor deep sea power generation system based on Stirling cycle, and relates to the technical field of ocean nuclear power generation. One end of the heat pipe is communicated with the heat energy output end of the nuclear reactor, the other end of the heat pipe is communicated with the Stirling engine, and the heat pipe is used for conveying heat energy generated by the nuclear reactor into the Stirling engine and driving the power piston to reciprocate; a permanent magnet of the moving magnet type linear generator is connected with a power piston through a first connecting rod, and the power piston reciprocates to drive the permanent magnet to cut a stator coil and generate alternating current. The nuclear reactor adopts a pool type lead-based reactor, and the lead-based reactor has the inherent characteristics of safety, high efficiency and the like and is suitable for being applied to a deep sea environment. As an efficient dynamic thermoelectric conversion device, the Stirling engine has the advantages of being simple in structure, reliable in work, low in noise and the like, and stable power generation in the deep sea environment can be achieved when the Stirling engine is used in cooperation with the pool type lead-based reactor and the moving-magnet type linear generator.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of marine nuclear power generation, and in particular to a lead-based reactor deep-sea power generation system based on Stirling cycle. Background Art

[0002] Deep-sea energy supply is an important factor limiting the depth of ocean development. Traditional submarine power generation systems such as submarine cable transmission and ocean thermal power generation have problems such as low efficiency, high cost and poor environmental adaptability.

[0003] Nuclear reactor power generation has the advantages of high efficiency and cleanliness, and is an ideal choice for deep-sea power generation. However, current nuclear reactor systems are generally large in size and complex in structure, making it difficult to adapt to the deep-sea environment.

[0004] In view of this, how to provide a nuclear power generation system that can adapt to the deep-sea environment is a technical problem that technical personnel in this field urgently need to solve. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a lead-based reactor deep-sea power generation system based on Stirling cycle to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solution: The present invention provides a lead-based reactor deep-sea power generation system based on Stirling cycle, comprising:

[0007] nuclear reactor;

[0008] A heat pipe, one end of which is connected to a heat output end of the nuclear reactor;

[0009] A Stirling engine is connected to the other end of the heat pipe, wherein the Stirling engine has a power piston, and the heat pipe is used to transport the heat energy generated by the nuclear reactor into the Stirling engine and drive the power piston to reciprocate;

[0010] A dynamic magnet linear generator comprises a stator coil and a permanent magnet. The permanent magnet is connected to the power piston via a first connecting rod. The reciprocating motion of the power piston drives the permanent magnet to cut the stator coil and generate an alternating current.

[0011] Furthermore, the nuclear reactor comprises:

[0012] The core is arranged in a coolant pool filled with liquid lead-bismuth alloy;

[0013] A cooling channel is longitudinally arranged in the core, and both ends of the cooling channel are connected to the coolant pool, so as to allow the liquid lead-bismuth alloy to circulate and absorb the heat energy generated by the core; a circulating pump is arranged near the end of the cooling channel, and one end of the heat pipe extends into the coolant pool.

[0014] Furthermore, the core extends outward to form an extension portion, and the extension portion is in contact with the liquid lead-bismuth alloy.

[0015] Furthermore, it also includes a vertical guide plate, which is arranged on the outer side of the core, and the upper and lower ends of the vertical guide plate are respectively close to the two end ends of the cooling channel.

[0016] Furthermore, the heat pipe includes an evaporation section, an insulation section and a condensation section which are integrally arranged, the evaporation section extends into the coolant pool, and the condensation section is connected to the Stirling engine.

[0017] Furthermore, the Stirling engine comprises:

[0018] A regenerator is provided in a Stirling engine;

[0019] A gas distribution piston is arranged in the regenerator and defines an expansion chamber below the gas distribution piston and a compression chamber above the gas distribution piston. The expansion chamber and the compression chamber are filled with heat exchange medium. The expansion chamber is connected to the other end of the heat pipe, and the power piston is arranged in the compression chamber.

[0020] A shell-and-tube heat exchanger, the shell-and-tube heat exchanger is in communication with the compression chamber and is used to cool a heat exchange medium;

[0021] The heat pipe transfers the heat energy generated by the nuclear reactor to the heat exchange medium, and the heat exchange medium realizes isothermal expansion, isochoric cooling, isothermal compression and isochoric heating through the heat energy and the shell-and-tube heat exchanger, driving the power piston to reciprocate.

[0022] Furthermore, the shell-and-tube heat exchanger includes: an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder, the outer cylinder is sleeved outside the inner cylinder, and a cooling channel is defined between the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder; the air inlet end and the air outlet end of the inner cylinder are connected to the compression chamber, the liquid inlet end and the liquid outlet end of the cooling channel extend outside the Stirling engine and are connected to seawater, the heat exchange medium flows from top to bottom along the inner cylinder, and the seawater flows from bottom to top along the cooling channel.

[0023] Furthermore, the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder are spirally arranged from top to bottom, with the air inlet end close to the upper end of the inner cylinder and the air inlet end close to the lower end of the cooling channel.

[0024] Furthermore, it also includes a shell, the nuclear reactor, heat pipe, Stirling engine and dynamic magnetic linear generator are all arranged in the shell, and the liquid inlet end of the cooling channel extends outside the shell and is connected to seawater.

[0025] Furthermore, the moving magnet linear generator also includes:

[0026] Stator core, used for mounting stator coils;

[0027] The mover yoke is arranged on the outer side surface of the permanent magnet.

[0028] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0029] 1. The nuclear reactor adopts a pool-type lead-based reactor. The inherent safety, high efficiency and compact design of the lead-based reactor are suitable for deep-sea environments. The pool-type reactor design further improves the safety and stability of the system. As a highly efficient dynamic thermoelectric conversion device, the Stirling engine has the advantages of simple structure, reliable operation and low noise. It can achieve stable power generation in deep-sea environments when used in conjunction with a pool-type lead-based reactor and a dynamic magnetic linear generator.

[0030] 2. Compact and efficient:

[0031] The use of a pool-type lead-based reactor eliminates the need for a complex loop piping system, reducing the system volume. The Stirling cycle thermal efficiency can reach more than 40%, much higher than the traditional steam Rankine cycle. The entire system is small in size and suitable for use in deep-sea environments.

[0032] 3. Safe and reliable:

[0033] The boiling point of liquid lead-bismuth coolant is as high as 1670℃, and there is no risk of coolant boiling. Lead-bismuth alloy has excellent neutron and gamma ray shielding performance, which improves the inherent safety of the system. The vertical guide plate design gives the system passive safety characteristics, ensuring normal core cooling even in the event of all power failures.

[0034] 4. High heat exchange efficiency:

[0035] The heat pipe includes an evaporation section, an insulation section and a condensation section which are integrally arranged, and its isothermal heat transfer characteristics make the heat exchange efficiency close to the theoretical limit.

[0036] The Stirling engine uses a sleeve-and-tube radiator, which uses low-temperature deep-sea water to exchange heat with the heat transfer medium in the Stirling engine, providing good heat sinking and significantly improving the overall efficiency of the system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0038] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the nuclear reactor structure of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 3 It is a shell and tube heat exchanger (the air inlet and outlet are not shown);

[0041] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger from another perspective;

[0042] Among them, 1. nuclear reactor; 101. core; 102. coolant pool; 103. control rod drive mechanism; 104. circulation pump; 105. cooling channel; 106. liquid lead-bismuth alloy; 107. extension; 108. vertical guide plate;

[0043] 2. Stirling engine; 201. expansion chamber; 202. valve piston; 203. second connecting rod; 204. compression chamber; 205. power piston; 206. first connecting rod; 207. second leaf spring; 208. first leaf spring; 209. regenerator;

[0044] 3. heat pipe; 301. evaporation section; 302. adiabatic section; 303. condensation section;

[0045] 4. Shell and tube heat exchanger; 401. outer cylinder; 402. inner cylinder;

[0046] 5. Moving magnet linear generator; 501. stator core; 502. stator coil; 503. permanent magnet; 504. moving magnet yoke;

[0047] 6. Shell. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0049] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0050] The embodiment of the present invention provides a lead-based deep-sea power generation system based on the Stirling cycle, wherein the nuclear reactor 1 comprises: a core 101, which is arranged in the central area of ​​the bottom of a coolant pool 102, is the main occurrence area of ​​nuclear fission reaction, and can generate a large amount of heat energy. The coolant pool 102 is filled with liquid lead-bismuth alloy 106, which has a melting point of about 123.5°C and a boiling point of about 1670°C. The cooling channel 105 is longitudinally arranged in the core 101, and both ends thereof are connected to the coolant pool 102. A circulating pump 104 is arranged near the end of the cooling channel 105. The circulating pump 104 adopts an electromagnetic pump and has no mechanical moving parts. During the operation of the circulating pump 104, the liquid lead-bismuth alloy 106 circulates in the coolant pool 102 and the cooling channel 105 and absorbs the heat energy generated by the core 101. A liquid lead-bismuth alloy 106 purification system can be arranged in the coolant pool 102, and impurities and oxides in the liquid lead-bismuth alloy 106 are continuously removed by a cold trap method and a filtration method to maintain the purity and chemical stability of the liquid lead-bismuth alloy 106.

[0051] One end of the heat pipe 3 extends into the coolant pool 102. A control rod driving mechanism 103 is arranged above the coolant pool 102, which is used to insert or extract the control rod into the coolant pool 102, thereby adjusting the reaction rate of the nuclear reactor 1 and compensating for fuel consumption. The Stirling engine 2 is connected to the other end of the heat pipe 3. The Stirling engine 2 has a power piston 205. The heat pipe 3 is used to transport the heat energy generated by the nuclear reactor 1 to the Stirling engine 2 and drive the power piston 205 to reciprocate. The dynamic magnet linear generator 5 has a stator coil 502 and a permanent magnet 503. The permanent magnet 503 is connected to the power piston 205 through a first connecting rod 206. The reciprocating motion of the power piston 205 drives the permanent magnet 503 to cut the stator coil 502 and generate an alternating current.

[0052] In this embodiment, the core 101 extends outward to form an extension portion 107, and the extension portion 107 contacts the liquid lead-bismuth alloy 106. The core 101 directly contacts the liquid lead-bismuth alloy 106 through the extension portion 107, which can further enhance the heat exchange efficiency and make the temperature distribution inside the core 101 more uniform.

[0053] In this embodiment, a vertical guide plate 108 is further included. The vertical guide plate 108 is disposed on the outer side of the core 101, and the upper and lower ends of the vertical guide plate 108 are respectively close to the two ends of the cooling channel 105. When an accident occurs and the circulating pump 104 stops working, the vertical guide plate 108 is used to form a natural circulation channel. At this time, the temperature of the core 101 is higher than the temperature of the coolant pool 102. The temperature difference between the two can cause a density difference. The hotter liquid lead-bismuth alloy 106 rises along the core 101, and the colder liquid lead-bismuth alloy 106 falls along the vertical guide plate 108, thereby forming a natural circulation channel for the liquid lead-bismuth alloy 106, and realizing the heat exchange function of the core 101 when the circulating pump 104 stops unexpectedly.

[0054] In this embodiment, the heat pipe 3 includes an evaporation section 301, an insulation section 302 and a condensation section 303 which are integrally arranged. The evaporation section 301 extends into the coolant pool 102, and the condensation section 303 is connected to the Stirling engine 2. The working fluid of the heat pipe 3 is sodium, potassium or other alkali metals. The tube wall of the evaporation section 301 is made of molybdenum alloy, 316L or T91 steel to resist high temperature and strong corrosion. The lower end of the evaporation section 301 should be slightly lower than the upper end of the vertical guide plate 108. The insulation section 302 is made of 304 or 316 steel to reduce heat loss. The condensation section 303 is made of copper or copper alloy, while ensuring compatibility with helium and good thermal conductivity.

[0055] During the heat exchange process, the evaporation section 301 of the heat pipe 3 is inserted into the coolant pool 102 to absorb the heat of the liquid lead-bismuth alloy 106. The working fluid in the heat pipe 3 evaporates rapidly at high temperature to form high-temperature and high-pressure steam, which rises along the heat pipe 3 to the condensation section 303. This process realizes efficient isothermal heat transfer, transferring the heat generated by the nuclear reactor 1 to the Stirling engine 2.

[0056] In this embodiment, the function of the Stirling engine 2 is to utilize the thermal energy of the nuclear reactor 1 to realize the reciprocating motion of the power piston 205, thereby realizing the Stirling cycle. The Stirling cycle is a thermodynamic cycle, which consists of two isothermal processes and two isochoric regenerative processes, and is a generalized Carnot cycle. The key to the Stirling cycle is to achieve effective regenerative heat, and to drive the power piston 205 to reciprocate by heating and cooling with an external heat source, thereby realizing energy conversion. The working principle of the Stirling cycle includes four basic stages: heating, expansion, cooling, and compression.

[0057] In the heating stage, the heat pipe 3 provides heat to the heat exchange medium; in the expansion stage, the heat exchange medium absorbs heat and expands; in the cooling stage, the heat exchange medium is cooled and shrinks; in the compression stage, the heat exchange medium is compressed. These four stages constitute a cycle, which is called the Stirling cycle.

[0058] Specifically, in this embodiment, the Stirling engine 2 includes: a regenerator 209, which is arranged in the Stirling engine 2 and between the hot end and the cold end. The regenerator 209 includes multiple layers of metal mesh or porous materials to increase the heat exchange surface area. In the axial direction, the regenerator 209 covers most of the length of the Stirling engine 2; the valve piston 202 is arranged in the regenerator 209 and defines an expansion chamber 201 (hot end position, used for the expansion process of the heat exchange medium) below the valve piston 202, and defines a compression chamber 204 (cold end position, user and heat exchange medium compression process) above the valve piston 202, the valve piston 202 is used to control the flow of the heat exchange medium, the expansion chamber 201 and the compression chamber 204 are filled with heat exchange medium, the expansion chamber 201 is connected to the other end of the heat pipe 3, and the power piston 205 is arranged in the compression chamber 204; the permanent magnet 503 is connected to the power piston 205 through the first connecting rod 206, the first connecting rod 206 continues to extend upward and is connected to the second leaf spring 207, the second leaf spring 207 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the shell 6, and the first connecting rod 206 participates in the work as a straight axis of the generator to ensure that the power piston 205 moves in a straight line and provides an external force condition for the reciprocating motion of the power piston 205. The gas distribution piston 202 is connected to the first leaf spring 208 through the second connecting rod 203, and the first leaf spring 208 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the housing 6, ensuring that the gas distribution piston 202 moves in a straight line, providing an external force condition for the reciprocating motion of the gas distribution piston 202. The power piston 205 lags behind the gas distribution piston 202 by 90° phase, and is used to output mechanical work. The middle part is hollow to facilitate the passage of the second connecting rod 203, and is strictly sealed with the cylinder body of the Stirling engine 2 and the second connecting rod 203; the diameter of the first connecting rod 206 is slightly larger than the second connecting rod 203, and the middle part is hollow to facilitate the passage of the second connecting rod 203 and connect with the first leaf spring 208; the above structure is the existing structure of the Stirling engine 2, and will not be repeated here.

[0059] Compared with the prior art, the present embodiment further provides a shell-and-tube heat exchanger 4 in the Stirling engine 2, which is connected to the compression chamber 204 and is used to cool the heat exchange medium; the heat pipe 3 transfers the heat energy generated by the nuclear reactor 1 to the heat exchange medium (the heat exchange medium in the present embodiment is helium), and the heat exchange medium realizes isothermal expansion, isochoric cooling, isothermal compression and isochoric heating (i.e., the above-mentioned Stirling cycle) through the heat energy and the shell-and-tube heat exchanger 4, driving the power piston 205 to reciprocate.

[0060] In this embodiment, the sleeve heat exchanger 4 includes: an inner cylinder 402 and an outer cylinder 401, the outer cylinder 401 is sleeved outside the inner cylinder 402, and a cooling channel is defined between the outer cylinder 401 and the inner cylinder 402, wherein the tube wall of the inner cylinder 402 is thinner and serves as the main heat exchange surface, and the tube wall of the outer cylinder 401 is thicker and serves as the auxiliary heat exchange surface, which mainly plays the role of resisting seawater corrosion and high pressure; the air inlet and air outlet of the inner cylinder 402 are connected to the compression chamber 204, the liquid inlet and liquid outlet of the cooling channel extend to the outside of the Stirling engine 2 and are connected to the seawater, the heat exchange medium flows from top to bottom along the inner cylinder 402, and the seawater flows from bottom to top along the cooling channel. The heat exchange medium and the seawater exchange heat in countercurrent from the upper and lower directions. This solution can maintain a large temperature difference between the heat exchange medium and the seawater in the length direction of the inner cylinder 402, greatly improving the heat exchange efficiency.

[0061] In this embodiment, the inner cylinder 402 and the outer cylinder 401 are spirally arranged from top to bottom, with the air inlet end close to the upper end of the inner cylinder 402 and the air outlet end close to the lower end of the cooling channel. The outer cylinder 401 is arranged as a multi-circle concentric spiral structure with a large revolution radius; while the spiral structures of the inner cylinder 402 and the outer cylinder 401 themselves have a smaller rotation radius.

[0062] The specific working principle of Stirling cycle is as follows:

[0063] During the isothermal expansion stage, the evaporation section 301 of the heat pipe 3 is inserted into the coolant pool 102 to absorb the heat of the liquid lead-bismuth alloy 106; the working fluid in the heat pipe 3 evaporates rapidly at high temperature to form high-temperature and high-pressure steam, which rises along the heat pipe to the condensation section 303; the condensation section 303 of the heat pipe 3 is connected to the expansion chamber 201 (hot end position) of the Stirling engine 2, and transfers heat to the helium in the expansion chamber. The helium expands isothermally, pushing the power piston 205 to move upward to output mechanical energy, and converts it into electrical energy through the dynamic magnetic linear generator 5.

[0064] During the isochoric cooling stage, helium enters the regenerator 209 and contacts it, releasing heat to the solid skeleton of the regenerator for isochoric cooling.

[0065] In the isothermal compression stage, helium enters the inner cylinder 402 in the shell-and-tube heat exchanger 4, and the heat exchange medium is cooled by countercurrent heat exchange with seawater, releasing heat to the low-temperature cooling source while compressing its volume.

[0066] During the isochoric heating stage, helium enters the regenerator 209 and contacts it, absorbing the heat of the solid skeleton of the regenerator. During this stage, the volume remains unchanged and the medium temperature increases.

[0067] In this embodiment, it also includes a shell 6, in which the nuclear reactor 1, the heat pipe 3, the Stirling engine 2 and the dynamic magnetic linear generator 5 are all arranged, and the liquid inlet and outlet of the cooling channel extend outside the shell 6 and communicate with the seawater. Among them, in order to avoid affecting the high pressure resistance effect of the system, the connection parts between the liquid inlet and outlet of the cooling channel and the shell need to be strictly sealed. The shell 6 is designed with functional gradient materials, and from the inside to the outside, they are respectively an inner layer, an intermediate layer and an outer layer. The inner layer is made of high temperature resistant alloy and contains neutron absorbing materials; the intermediate layer is composed of titanium alloy or stainless steel gradually transitioning to ceramic materials; the outer layer is made of high strength low alloy steel or duplex stainless steel. This design can simultaneously meet multiple requirements such as high temperature, high pressure, corrosion resistance, radiation shielding, etc., and provide reliable protection for the entire deep-sea power generation system. The functional gradient material design of the shell 6 provides multiple protections to ensure the long-term safe operation of the system in a deep-sea environment.

[0068] In this embodiment, the dynamic magnetic linear generator 5 also includes: a stator core 501, which is fixedly connected to the Stirling engine 2 and is used to install a stator coil 502, and the stator coil 502 is connected to an external circuit for collecting electrical energy; a moving yoke 504, which is arranged on the outer side of the permanent magnet 503, and the permanent magnet 503 is evenly arranged on the outer surface of the first connecting rod 206. The material of the permanent magnet 503 is neodymium iron boron or samarium cobalt, which provides a strong and stable magnetic field for the generator; the material of the moving yoke 504 is a soft magnetic material such as silicon steel sheet, which reduces magnetic resistance and enhances the magnetic field strength. During the power generation process, the power piston 205 of the Stirling engine 2 drives the permanent magnet 503 and the moving yoke 504 to perform reciprocating linear motion through the first connecting rod 206. The strong magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet 503 cuts the stator coil 502, generates an alternating current in the coil, and realizes the conversion from thermal energy to mechanical energy and then to electrical energy.

[0069] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside" and "outside" etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0070] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred modes of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should all fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A lead-based reactor deep-sea power generation system based on Stirling cycle, characterized in that: include: Nuclear reactor (1); A heat pipe (3), one end of which is connected to a heat energy output end of the nuclear reactor (1); A Stirling engine (2) is connected to the other end of the heat pipe (3), wherein the Stirling engine (2) has a power piston (205), and the heat pipe (3) is used to transport heat energy generated by the nuclear reactor (1) into the Stirling engine (2) and drive the power piston (205) to reciprocate; A dynamic magnet linear generator (5) comprises a stator coil (502) and a permanent magnet (503), wherein the permanent magnet (503) is connected to the power piston (205) via a first connecting rod (206), and the reciprocating motion of the power piston (205) drives the permanent magnet (503) to cut the stator coil (502) and generate an alternating current.

2. A lead-based reactor deep-sea power generation system based on Stirling cycle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nuclear reactor (1) comprises: A core (101) is arranged in a coolant pool (102), and the coolant pool (102) is filled with a liquid lead-bismuth alloy (106); A cooling channel (105) is longitudinally arranged in the core (101), and both ends of the cooling channel are connected to the coolant pool (102), and is used for the liquid lead-bismuth alloy (106) to circulate and absorb the heat energy generated by the core (101); a circulating pump (104) is arranged near the end of the cooling channel (105), and one end of the heat pipe (3) extends into the coolant pool (102).

3. A lead-based reactor deep-sea power generation system based on Stirling cycle according to claim 2, characterized in that: The core (101) extends outward to form an extension portion (107), and the extension portion (107) is in contact with the liquid lead-bismuth alloy (106).

4. A lead-based reactor deep-sea power generation system based on Stirling cycle according to claim 2, characterized in that: It also includes a vertical guide plate (108), which is arranged on the outer side of the core (101), and the upper and lower ends of the vertical guide plate (108) are respectively close to the two end ends of the cooling channel (105).

5. A lead-based reactor deep-sea power generation system based on Stirling cycle according to claim 2, characterized in that: The heat pipe (3) comprises an evaporation section (301), an insulation section (302) and a condensation section (303) which are integrally arranged; the evaporation section (301) extends into the coolant pool (102); and the condensation section (303) is connected to the Stirling engine (2).

6. A lead-based reactor deep-sea power generation system based on Stirling cycle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The Stirling engine (2) comprises: A regenerator (209) is disposed in the Stirling engine (2); A gas distribution piston (202) is arranged in the regenerator (209) and defines an expansion chamber (201) below the gas distribution piston (202), and defines a compression chamber (204) above the gas distribution piston (202), wherein the expansion chamber (201) and the compression chamber (204) are filled with a heat exchange medium, the expansion chamber (201) is connected to the other end of the heat pipe (3), and the power piston (205) is arranged in the compression chamber (204); a shell-and-tube heat exchanger (4), the shell-and-tube heat exchanger (4) being in communication with the compression chamber (204) and being used for cooling a heat exchange medium; The heat pipe (3) transfers the heat energy generated by the nuclear reactor (1) to the heat exchange medium, and the heat exchange medium achieves isothermal expansion, isochoric cooling, isothermal compression and isochoric heating through the heat energy and the shell-and-tube heat exchanger (4), thereby driving the power piston (205) to reciprocate.

7. A lead-based reactor deep-sea power generation system based on Stirling cycle according to claim 6, characterized in that: The shell-and-tube heat exchanger (4) comprises: an inner cylinder (402) and an outer cylinder (401), wherein the outer cylinder (401) is sleeved outside the inner cylinder (402), and a cooling channel is defined between the outer cylinder (401) and the inner cylinder (402); the air inlet end and the air outlet end of the inner cylinder (402) are connected to the compression chamber (204), the liquid inlet end and the liquid outlet end of the cooling channel extend outside the Stirling engine (2) and are connected to seawater, the heat exchange medium flows from top to bottom along the inner cylinder (402), and the seawater flows from bottom to top along the cooling channel.

8. A lead-based reactor deep-sea power generation system based on Stirling cycle according to claim 7, characterized in that: The inner cylinder (402) and the outer cylinder (401) are spirally arranged from top to bottom, with the air inlet end close to the upper end of the inner cylinder (402) and the air inlet end close to the lower end of the cooling channel.

9. A lead-based reactor deep-sea power generation system based on Stirling cycle according to claim 7, characterized in that: It also includes a shell (6), wherein the nuclear reactor (1), the heat pipe (3), the Stirling engine (2) and the dynamic magnetic linear generator (5) are all arranged in the shell (6), and the liquid inlet end of the cooling channel extends outside the shell (6) and is connected to seawater.

10. The lead-based reactor deep-sea power generation system based on Stirling cycle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The moving magnet linear generator (5) further comprises: A stator core (501) for mounting a stator coil (502); The mover yoke (504) is arranged on the outer side surface of the permanent magnet (503).

Images