Self-adaptive wind field air suction structure and 3D printing method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of metal 3D printing and discloses a self-adaptive wind field air suction structure and a 3D printing method in order to solve the technical problem that in the metal 3D printing process, the air suction efficiency is reduced due to the fact that splashing, smoke dust and metal powder are accumulated at an air suction opening, and accordingly the 3D printing efficiency and the forming quality are affected. The air suction device is provided with an air suction shell, the air suction shell is defined by a top plate, a bottom plate and a back plate, a plurality of obliquely-arranged spoilers are arranged in the air suction shell in an array mode, sub air inlets are formed between the spoilers, and rotating joints axially connected with the top plate are arranged at the upper ends and the lower ends of the spoilers. A driving motor used for controlling the deflection angle of the spoiler is installed on the top plate, a self-suction fan located between the front baffle and the rear baffle and the back plate is further arranged, and a fan motor used for driving the self-suction fan is installed on the top plate. The problem that according to traditional 3D printing equipment, the air suction efficiency is reduced due to the fact that smoke dust, splashes and metal powder are accumulated at an air suction opening is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of metal 3D printing, and in particular to an adaptive wind field suction structure and a 3D printing method. Background Art

[0002] As an important branch of 3D printing, the laser selective melting (SLM) technology uses special slicing software to discretize the three-dimensional digital model into two-dimensional plane geometric figures. Through layer-by-layer powder spreading and melting, the parts are formed repeatedly. This technology can effectively achieve near-net shape of complex and precise structures, but as a manufacturing process, it also has certain limitations.

[0003] Due to the working principle of 3D printing technology, when the laser beam interacts with metal powder, a large amount of splash, smoke and metal powder will be generated. Conventional 3D printing equipment has a relatively simple air inlet structure. When it is continuously running for a long time, a large amount of smoke, splash and metal powder will accumulate at the air inlet. Especially when forming large-section parts, a large amount of smoke will accumulate after only forming dozens of layers. Due to the simple structure of the air inlet, splash, smoke and other debris can usually only be sucked away by increasing the speed of the fan of the circulation filtration system. However, when the accumulation of smoke and other debris is large, even if the fan speed is increased to the maximum power, it cannot be completely sucked away. At this time, the continuous forming process of 3D printing has to be interrupted, the forming cabin door is opened, and the air inlet is manually cleaned. This not only interrupts the continuous metallurgical process of 3D printing, but especially when forming thin-walled products, the interruption of heat input can easily induce deformation, and even cause dislocation cracking in severe cases. At the same time, opening the cabin door will increase the loss of protective gases such as argon in the cabin, thereby increasing production costs. Re-inflation and washing will further extend the pause time. The above problems have seriously affected the further application and development of 3D printing technology. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an adaptive wind field suction structure and a 3D printing method to solve the technical problem of how to reduce the suction efficiency due to splashing, smoke and metal powder accumulation at the suction port during the metal 3D printing process, thereby affecting the 3D printing efficiency and forming quality.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, as one aspect of the present invention, an adaptive wind field suction structure is provided, which is provided with a conical suction shell, the suction shell includes a top plate, a bottom plate and a back plate, the suction shell forms a conical air duct, one end of the suction shell is closed, and the other end of the suction shell forms an outlet, a front tail baffle is provided at the rear of the front side wall of the suction shell, an air inlet is opened on the front side wall of the suction shell, a plurality of obliquely arranged spoilers are arrayed in the suction shell, sub-air inlets are formed between the spoilers, upper and lower ends of the spoilers are provided with rotating joints axially connected to the top plate, a driving motor for controlling the deflection angle of the spoiler is installed on the top plate, a self-priming fan is also provided between the front tail baffle and the back plate, and a fan motor for driving the self-priming fan is installed on the top plate.

[0006] Furthermore, the inner side wall of the back plate is formed with guide strips for adjusting the gas flow direction, the guide strips are respectively parallel to the top plate and the bottom plate, and the guide strips are perpendicular to the back plate.

[0007] Furthermore, the cross section of the spoiler is wedge-shaped, the front end forms a circular arc leading edge, the rear end forms a sharp trailing edge, and the spoiler array has spoiler holes.

[0008] Furthermore, a guide plate is provided at a predetermined distance from the rear end of the spoiler, and the length of the guide plate is smaller than the length of the spoiler; the front end of the guide plate forms an arc leading edge, and the rear end forms a sharp trailing edge.

[0009] As another aspect of the present invention, based on the above-mentioned adaptive wind field suction structure, a 3D printing method is provided, for different areas, different parts or different materials, smoke, splashes, large particles and other foreign matter in the forming chamber are detected, and the adaptive wind field suction structure is adjusted by a control device based on the detection results, wherein:

[0010] If it is detected that smoke and dust are heavy in a certain area or splashes, large particles or fine dust exceed the threshold, feedback is given to the computer through optical and temperature sensors;

[0011] The computer controls the driving motor to drive the spoiler to rotate, adjusting the flow rate and gas flow direction of the airflow at the suction position;

[0012] If a large amount of smoke and dust is detected at multiple locations at the same time, the rotation of multiple spoilers is adjusted simultaneously by controlling multiple drive motors to optimize the direction and speed of the airflow and improve the suction efficiency.

[0013] Furthermore, for different forming heights or multiple positions at the same height, the rotation of multiple spoilers is adjusted in real time to adjust the air intake flow rate and air intake direction at the air intake port.

[0014] Furthermore, if all spoilers are driven simultaneously and still cannot effectively absorb smoke and splashes, the self-priming fan is controlled to adjust the speed and increase the air flow rate to cooperate with the fan of the circulating filtration system to accelerate the smoke and foreign matter to enter the filtration system.

[0015] Furthermore, the air suction shell is placed obliquely in the device, and the height of the left side of the air suction shell is lower than the height of the right side.

[0016] The adaptive wind field suction structure and 3D printing method provided by the present invention have the following advantages:

[0017] By setting up an adaptive wind field suction structure, the problem of reduced suction efficiency of traditional 3D printing equipment caused by the accumulation of smoke, splashes, and metal powder at the suction port can be effectively solved. Through a conical suction shell and multiple oblique spoilers, this solution can automatically adjust the flow rate and direction of the airflow according to the cross-sectional size, quantity, material, and generation of foreign matter such as smoke, splashes, etc. of different parts during the forming process of the 3D printing equipment. Each spoiler is equipped with an independent drive motor, so that it can rotate flexibly according to the actual situation, thereby avoiding the overall airflow stability affected by local smoke accumulation or wind field turbulence. By controlling the speed of the self-priming fan through the fan motor, it can further adapt to the changes in the wind field and the increase in the amount of smoke during 3D printing, ensuring that the airflow enters the suction port stably and smoothly enters the circulation filtration system for effective filtration. This solution not only avoids printing interruptions and manual cleaning caused by blockage of the suction port, but also can automatically eliminate foreign matter by enriching the smoke to the bottom of the suction port and automatically falling into the recovery powder barrel. This design ensures the stability of airflow during the continuous forming process of 3D printing, reduces the loss of protective gases such as argon caused by opening the hatch for cleaning, reduces production costs, and improves the forming efficiency and quality of 3D printing equipment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 A three-dimensional diagram of the adaptive wind field suction structure provided by the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 A transverse cross-sectional view of the adaptive wind field suction structure provided by the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3 A right view of the adaptive wind field suction structure provided by the present invention;

[0021] Figure 4 A structural diagram of the air suction housing provided by the present invention;

[0022] Figure 5 A diagram of a spoiler and a guide plate provided by the present invention.

[0023] In the figure: 10, air suction shell; 11, top plate; 12, bottom plate; 13, back plate; 14, guide strip; 15, air inlet; 16, front and rear baffle; 17, outlet; 20, spoiler; 21, arc portion; 22, spoiler hole; 23, rotating joint; 30, guide plate; 40, self-priming fan; 50, drive motor; 60, fan motor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0025] The present invention is explained by taking a conventional 3D printing device and a one-way non-integrated air suction port as an example. It should be noted that it is only an example for the convenience of the present invention to explain the principle. According to its working principle, it is also applicable to the case of integration in a gas circulation filtration system, and is also applicable to the case of multiple similar structures or deformations based on the structure, as well as parallel, series, and combined arrangements.

[0026] See also Figures 1 to 5 The present invention provides an adaptive wind field suction structure, which is provided with a conical suction shell 10, which is surrounded by a top plate 11, a bottom plate 12 and a back plate 13. The suction shell 10 forms a conical air duct, one end of the suction shell 10 is closed, and the other end of the suction shell 10 forms an outlet 17, a front tail baffle 16 is provided at the rear of the front side wall of the suction shell 10, and an air inlet 15 is opened on the front side wall of the suction shell 10. A plurality of obliquely arranged spoilers 20 are arranged in an array in the suction shell 10, and sub-air inlets are formed between the spoilers 20. Rotating joints 23 axially connected to the top plate 11 are provided at the upper and lower ends of the spoilers 20. A driving motor 50 for controlling the deflection angle of the spoiler 20 is installed on the top plate 11. A self-priming fan 40 is also provided between the front tail baffle 16 and the back plate 13, and a fan motor 60 for driving the self-priming fan 40 is installed on the top plate 11.

[0027] The main function of the air suction housing 10 is to provide a channel for gas flow and to enrich the air flow mixed with foreign matter such as smoke, splashes, etc.

[0028] Depend on Figure 1 and Figure 2 It can be seen that the air suction housing 10 is in a semi-open cone shape as a whole.

[0029] from Figure 1From the perspective provided, the left side of the suction shell 10 is relatively large and open, and is the main passage for airflow with smoke, splashes, powder, etc. to enter the suction port. The right side is smaller and gradually closes into a closed shape. Finally, the airflow mixed with foreign matter such as smoke, splashes, powder, etc. is introduced into the circulation filtration system for filtration through the connected pipeline. The suction shell 10 is placed horizontally in the device along its axis. In this way, the bottom of the left side is lower and the right end is higher. During printing, if the content of smoke, splashes, powder, etc. in the airflow is high and the accumulation is heavy, it can be gathered in the lower left corner along the main shell under the action of gravity. When the enrichment reaches a certain level and exceeds its own maximum stacking angle. It naturally falls into the powder collection barrel through the pipe in front of the suction port, realizing the automatic elimination of accumulated foreign matter such as smoke and splashes.

[0030] The driving motor 50 drives the spoiler 20 connected thereto to rotate forward and backward in due time through the forward and reverse rotation of the driving shaft. Thus, the function of adjusting the rotation angle of the spoiler 20 accordingly is achieved according to the cross-sectional size of the formed parts, the number of parts, the quality of the wind field flow, and the content of smoke, splash, powder, etc. in the forming chamber of the 3D printing equipment. Thus, it is ensured that no matter how long the 3D printing equipment continuously forms, the cross-sectional size of the formed parts, the number and distribution form of the formed parts, and then different heights are formed, different materials are formed, the content of smoke, splash, powder, etc. in the forming chamber is different, or short-term turbulence causes wind field fluctuations and smoke circling, etc., the purpose of the airflow entering the air intake port stably and smoothly entering the gas circulation filtration system for effective filtration can be achieved.

[0031] Each spoiler 20 corresponds to its own driving motor 50, so as to realize independent control of each spoiler 20. According to the amount of smoke, splash, powder, etc. in the forming chamber of the 3D printing equipment and whether the gas flows into the air intake port stably, it is independently controlled through feedback adjustment, and can be linked or operated independently.

[0032] The driving motor 50 is preferably a stepping motor in order to achieve high-precision control.

[0033] The fan motor 60 drives the self-priming fan at the right outlet of the main body shell to rotate autonomously and efficiently through the continuous and efficient operation of the driving shaft. Thus, the rotation speed of the self-priming fan 40 can be adjusted according to the cross-sectional size of the formed parts in the forming cabin of the 3D printing equipment, the number of parts, the quality of the wind field flow, the content of smoke, splashing, powder, etc. It is ensured that no matter how long the 3D printing equipment is continuously formed, the cross-sectional size of the formed parts, the number and distribution form of the formed parts are different, the forming heights are formed, the parts of different materials are formed, the content of smoke, splashing, powder, etc. in the forming cabin is different, or short-term turbulence causes wind field fluctuations and smoke circling. Or when there is a lot of smoke, splashing, and powder accumulated at the air inlet, the air inlet section of the traditional 3D printing equipment is reduced, and then the effect of absorbing smoke, splashing, and powder becomes worse, and at this time, the rotation speed of the self-priming fan 40 is autonomously controlled, and the speed is increased to make up for the reduction of the air inlet section of the air inlet. Finally, the airflow enters the air inlet stably and smoothly enters the gas circulation filtration system for effective filtration.

[0034] The outlet 17 is connected to the pipeline, and finally the gas mixed with foreign matter such as smoke, splash, powder, etc. is introduced into the gas circulation filtration system for effective filtration.

[0035] The air inlet 15 occupies most of the front area, and its length is basically the same as or slightly longer than the length of the 3D equipment forming chamber. The air inlet 15 is used to provide a passage for the airflow mixed with smoke, splashes, powder and other foreign matter to enter the air inlet. Its cross section is determined by the shape of the air inlet. Figure 1 It can be seen that the air inlet 15 is in the shape of an isosceles trapezoid, which can facilitate efficient airflow entry and accelerate the circulation and filtration of the gas under the synergistic effect of the self-priming fan on the right.

[0036] The rotating joint 23 is used to provide a fixed limit for connecting the spoiler 20 to the air suction housing 10, and when the rotating drive motor 50 is activated, it cooperates with the motor to rotate the spoiler 20 around it.

[0037] Furthermore, the inner side wall of the back plate 13 is formed with a guide bar 14 for adjusting the gas flow direction, and the guide bar 14 is parallel to the upper and lower plates on the outer side of the main body, that is, parallel to the top plate 11 and the bottom plate 12, and perpendicular to the back plate 13. The guide bar 14 is used to adjust the gas flow direction entering the air inlet to avoid the air flow disorder caused by the rotation of the spoiler and the turbulence of the wind field. The air flow can pass through the conical air inlet smoothly and efficiently, and finally achieve the purpose of entering the gas circulation filtration system for effective filtration.

[0038] Furthermore, the cross section of the spoiler 20 is wedge-shaped, with a front end forming an arc leading edge, namely the arc portion 21 in the figure, and a rear end forming a sharp trailing edge. The spoiler 20 has an array of spoiler holes 22 .

[0039] See also Figure 2 and Figure 5 The cross-sectional shape of the spoiler 20 is a wing shape, with a relatively rounded leading edge in the front, in the shape of an arc, and a gradually thinning sharp wedge in the back, with a circular spoiler hole 22 on it. The spoiler 20 rotates in coordination with the drive motor 50 matched with it, and the rotation angle and orientation of the spoiler 20 are adjusted in time. This ensures that no matter how long the 3D printing equipment is continuously formed, the cross-sectional size of the formed parts, the number and distribution form are different, and then different heights are formed, different material parts are formed, the content of smoke, splashes, powder, etc. in the forming cabin is different, or short-term turbulence causes wind field fluctuations and smoke circling, etc. It can also achieve the purpose of stable airflow entering the outlet 17 from the air inlet 15 and smoothly entering the gas circulation filtration system for effective filtration.

[0040] The leading edge of the spoiler 20 can reduce the resistance of foreign gases such as smoke, splashes, and powders entering the air inlet. At the same time, the airflow can be divided and the airflow velocity can be reduced so that part of the smoke, splashes, and powders can settle under their own gravity and gradually accumulate on the left side of the air inlet.

[0041] When the enrichment reaches a certain level and exceeds its own maximum stacking angle, it naturally falls into the powder collecting barrel through the pipe in front of the air inlet, realizing the automatic elimination of accumulated smoke, splashes and other foreign matter. At the same time, the spoiler hole 22 in the middle part of the spoiler 20 can facilitate the airflow to flow along the direction of the air inlet 15. In order to reduce the gas pressure difference and flow rate of the spoiler 20 on both sides of the air inlet 15 when the gas circulation filtration system of the 3D printing equipment is blocked due to the long-term operation of the filter element, the filtering effect is reduced, and the pressure difference in the forming cabin increases, causing the airflow flowing into the air inlet to fluctuate violently. Then, the airflow can pass through the conical air inlet smoothly and efficiently, and finally achieve the purpose of entering the gas circulation filtration system for effective filtration.

[0042] The trailing edge of the spoiler 20 is designed to be wedge-shaped, so as to facilitate the re-gathering of the airflow after being diverted by the first spoiler.

[0043] from Figure 2 It can be seen that the arc leading edge at the front end of the spoiler 20 reduces the resistance of the gas flow entering the air inlet and improves the stability of the air flow channel. Angle α is the angle between the axis of the spoiler 20 and the horizontal direction. Figure 2 As shown in the cross-sectional view, the angles between the axes of the first to fifth spoilers and the horizontal direction gradually decrease from left to right. This design is consistent with the trend that the width of the air inlet gradually decreases from left to right. The angle α gradually changes from 10 to 20 degrees to 3 to 10 degrees.

[0044] Furthermore, a guide plate 30 is provided at a predetermined distance from the rear end of each spoiler 20 , and the length of the guide plate 30 is less than the length of the spoiler 20 ; the front end of the guide plate 30 forms an arc leading edge, and the rear end forms a sharp trailing edge.

[0045] The predetermined distance is defined as d1, and 0.5<d1<10 mm. Its function is to prevent the spoiler 20 from interfering with the movement of the rear guide plate 30 when rotating, and to provide a passage for the airflow that has been diverted by the spoiler 20 to converge again.

[0046] The cross-sectional shape of the guide plate 30 is basically the same as that of the spoiler 20, both of which are wing-shaped, with a relatively rounded leading edge in the front and a gradually thinning wedge-shaped sharp edge in the back. However, the guide plate 30 is no longer provided with spoiler holes, and more importantly, it is fixed between the upper and lower plates of the main shell of the air intake port. The guide plate 30 allows the airflow that has been diverted by the spoiler 20 in front of it to be efficiently gathered again, and then passes through the first guide plate 30, and then coordinates with the guide strip 14 shown by the arrow 9. The airflow passes through the air intake port at a relatively stable flow rate and direction, avoiding affecting the flow direction and flow rate of other airflows on the right side and thus generating turbulence. Ultimately, the purpose of entering the gas circulation filtration system for effective filtration is achieved.

[0047] In the embodiments provided by the present invention, Figure 1 and Figure 2 Only five pairs of spoilers 20 and guide plates 30 arranged in a unidirectional linear manner are shown. In practice, a multi-directional, linear or cross-staggered layout can be adopted according to the size of the air intake port, and the number can be small or large. At the same time, the size, shape and number of spoiler holes on the spoiler 20 can also be changed accordingly according to the size and actual form of the spoiler.

[0048] See also Figure 3 , the left side is the airflow mixed with dust, splashes and other foreign matter. The figure shows parallel airflow. When the actual 3D printing equipment is running, in addition to horizontal airflow, there are also turbulent flows with chaotic directions.

[0049] When the 3D printing equipment completes powder filling and substrate installation, the printing program is set. When the oxygen content in the forming chamber drops to 50ppm, the printing program is started and the laser emits light for printing. When the forming format of the printing equipment is large and there are multiple lasers, it is impossible for each laser to have the same frequency when scanning different parts or different areas. Therefore, when each laser scans the current area it is responsible for, the splashes, large particles, dust and other foreign matter generated are not completely consistent. Therefore, the smoke and dust on the powder forming plane are not consistent at this time, and it is very likely to change in real time and be different layer by layer. Or when the 3D printing equipment is running continuously for a long time, a lot of smoke, splashes and other foreign matter will accumulate in front of the air intake, or the wind field design of the 3D printing equipment is poor or the wind field generates turbulence during printing. At this time, it is impossible to suck away smoke, splashes, large particles and other foreign matter by relying solely on the laminar wind field of the traditional air intake. In severe cases, the powder accumulated in front of the air intake will seriously reduce the air intake efficiency and affect the filtering effect of foreign matter such as smoke and splashes. At this time, it is necessary to open the forming cabin door and clean the air intake. This leads to the interruption of the continuous metallurgical process of 3D printing. When forming thin-walled products, the interruption of heat input can easily induce deformation, and in severe cases, it can cause dislocation and cracking. At the same time, opening the cabin door will increase the loss of protective gases such as argon in the cabin, increasing production costs. Re-inflation and gas washing further increase the pause time. The above disadvantages have seriously affected the further application and improvement of 3D printing technology.

[0050] Based on the above-mentioned adaptive wind field suction structure, in view of the existing problems, the present invention also provides a 3D printing method, including the following strategies:

[0051] If the area that a laser is responsible for has a lot of smoke and dust during printing, or there are a lot of laser sintering spatters, large particles, and fine dust, the optical and temperature sensors inside the forming chamber will identify it and feed it back to the equipment control computer. The computer will identify it and start the control program to adjust the corresponding drive motor 50. The drive motor 50 rotates, and then drives the corresponding spoiler 20 to rotate accordingly. Thereby adjusting the flow rate and gas flow direction of the airflow sucked into this position.

[0052] If there are multiple locations with heavy smoke and dust, the corresponding multiple spoilers 20 are adjusted to rotate by controlling multiple driving motors 50 at the same time.

[0053] Furthermore, if different forming heights, different parts, different materials, or multiple positions at the same forming height produce a lot of dust, splashes, and other foreign objects due to unstable wind fields or sudden occurrences during the printing process, the computer will adjust the real-time feedback to drive the spoiler to rotate, thereby adjusting the gas intake flow and intake direction at different positions of the air intake port, so that dust, splashes, and other foreign objects are sucked into the air intake port in time.

[0054] Furthermore, if all spoilers are driven at the same time, it is still not possible to effectively, quickly and efficiently suck away foreign matter such as smoke, dust, and splashes. At this time, the self-priming fan 40 begins to adjust the speed autonomously through feedback regulation to increase the air flow. It cooperates with the fan of the circulating filtration system to accelerate the entry of smoke, dust, and the like into the circulating filtration system for filtration. Furthermore, when the above-mentioned single or multiple spoilers rotate to adjust the airflow, the self-priming fan can also accelerate the suction of foreign matter such as smoke, dust, and splashes by adjusting the speed in real time in cooperation with the spoilers.

[0055] Furthermore, the gas is guided, disturbed, diverted, and enriched by the spoiler 20, the guide plate 30, and the guide strip 14, so that the airflow entering the air intake port is gradually concentrated to form a stable airflow. The gas is accelerated by the self-priming fan 40 through the air inlet 15 and the outlet 17 to enter the gas circulation filtration system. In this process, part of the smoke and large particles gradually gather in front of the spoiler due to gravity, static electricity, adsorption, etc. in the process of guiding, disturbing, diverting, and enriching. When it reaches a certain level, it falls to the bottom plate of the air intake port under the action of its own gravity. When it further gathers, the rotation of the spoiler drives the accumulated smoke, large particles, splashes and other debris to shake and move continuously to avoid being firmly adhered to the bottom plate of the air intake port. As these debris further gather, because the bottom plate is tilted, it gradually moves to the left side of the air intake port under the action of its own gravity and the rotation of the spoiler, and finally falls into the recovery powder barrel through the pipeline.

[0056] In this way, the active adjustment of the air suction port of the adaptive wind field is realized, avoiding the disadvantages of large-scale blockage of the air suction port and opening the forming cabin door for cleaning.

[0057] In summary, the adaptive wind field suction structure and printing method provided by the present invention have the following advantages:

[0058] The adaptive wind field suction structure of the present invention can realize automatic adjustment of the airflow of the suction port according to the content of foreign matter such as smoke, splash, powder, etc. in the forming cabin of the 3D printing equipment and the flow of the wind field by setting a conical suction shell, cooperating with a spoiler, a guide plate and a self-priming fan, so as to ensure that the airflow stably enters the suction port and smoothly enters the gas circulation filtration system for effective filtration. During the 3D printing process, the spoiler can flexibly adjust its angle according to the size, quantity, distribution form of the formed parts and the changes of foreign matter such as smoke and dust through the independent control of the driving motor, so as to control the flow direction and flow rate of the airflow and avoid the influence of short-term turbulence on the wind field. At the same time, the self-priming fan can compensate for the reduction of the intake cross section by increasing the rotation speed according to the accumulation of foreign matter such as smoke and dust in front of the suction port, and further improve the filtration efficiency. The guide strips and guide plates effectively avoid the problem of chaotic airflow, so that the gas gradually concentrates to form a stable airflow in the process of turbulence, diversion and enrichment, and quickly enters the gas circulation filtration system through the acceleration of the self-priming fan. In addition, the spoiler hole design on the spoiler reduces the pressure difference of the airflow, ensuring that the airflow can still pass smoothly through the air intake port even in the case of long-term operation or filter blockage. Through the rotation of the spoiler and the speed adjustment of the self-priming fan, the effective absorption of foreign matter such as smoke, splashes and other foreign matter of different heights, materials and positions in the 3D printing process is achieved, avoiding the decrease in air intake efficiency caused by accumulation of matter in the air intake port. At the same time, the synergy of the self-priming fan and the circulating filtration system can be used to accelerate the inhalation and filtration of smoke. In the process of gradual accumulation of foreign matter such as smoke, gravity, static electricity and adsorption make it settle to the bottom of the air intake port, and finally fall into the recovery powder barrel through the rotation of the tilted bottom plate and the spoiler. In this way, not only the large-scale blockage of the traditional air intake port is avoided, but also there is no need to frequently open the forming cabin door for cleaning, which effectively improves the continuous forming efficiency of the 3D printing equipment, while avoiding forming defects caused by interrupted heat input, and improving the stability and reliability of production.

[0059] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An adaptive wind field suction structure, comprising a conical suction shell (10), the suction shell (10) comprising a top plate (11), a bottom plate (12) and a back plate (13), the suction shell (10) forming a conical air duct, one end of the suction shell (10) being closed, the other end of the suction shell (10) forming an outlet (17), a front tail baffle (16) being arranged at the rear of the front side wall of the suction shell (10), an air inlet (15) being opened on the front side wall of the suction shell (10), a plurality of obliquely arranged spoilers (20) being arranged in an array in the suction shell (10), sub-air inlets being formed between the spoilers (20), It is characterized in that The spoiler (20) is provided with rotating joints (23) axially connected to the top plate (11) at the upper and lower ends, and a driving motor (50) for controlling the deflection angle of the spoiler (20) is installed on the top plate (11). A self-priming fan (40) is also provided between the front and rear baffles (16) and the back plate (13), and a fan motor (60) for driving the self-priming fan (40) is installed on the top plate (11).

2. The adaptive wind field suction structure according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The inner side wall of the back plate (13) is formed with a guide strip (14) for adjusting the gas flow direction, the guide strip (14) is respectively parallel to the top plate (11) and the bottom plate (12), and the guide strip (14) is perpendicular to the back plate (13).

3. The adaptive wind field suction structure according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The cross section of the spoiler (20) is wedge-shaped, with a front end forming a circular arc leading edge and a rear end forming a sharp trailing edge. The spoiler (20) array has spoiler holes (22).

4. The adaptive wind field suction structure according to claim 3, It is characterized in that A guide plate (30) is provided at a predetermined distance from the rear end of the spoiler (20); the guide plate (30) is fixed between the top plate (11) and the bottom plate (12); the length of the guide plate (30) is less than the length of the spoiler (20); the front end of the guide plate (30) forms a circular arc leading edge, and the rear end forms a sharp trailing edge.

5. The adaptive wind field suction structure according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The air inlet (15) is in the shape of an isosceles trapezoid.

6. A 3D printing method, It is characterized in that Based on the adaptive wind field suction structure as claimed in claim 1, smoke, splashes, large particles and other foreign matter in the forming chamber are detected for different areas, different parts or different materials, and the adaptive wind field suction structure is adjusted by the control device based on the detection results, wherein: If it is detected that smoke and dust are heavy in a certain area or splashes, large particles or fine dust exceed the threshold, feedback is given to the computer through optical and temperature sensors; The computer controls the driving motor (50) to drive the spoiler (20) to rotate, thereby adjusting the flow rate and gas flow direction of the airflow sucked into the position; If a large amount of smoke and dust is detected at multiple locations at the same time, the rotation of multiple spoilers (20) is adjusted simultaneously by controlling multiple drive motors (50) to optimize the flow direction and flow speed of the airflow and improve the air suction efficiency.

7. The 3D printing method according to claim 6, It is characterized in that For different forming heights or multiple positions at the same height, the rotation of multiple spoilers (20) is adjusted in real time to adjust the air intake flow rate and air intake direction at the air intake port.

8. The 3D printing method according to claim 7, It is characterized in that If all spoilers (20) are driven simultaneously and still cannot effectively absorb smoke and splashing objects, the self-priming fan (40) is controlled to adjust the rotation speed and increase the air flow rate to cooperate with the fan of the circulation filtering system to accelerate the smoke and foreign matter to enter the filtering system.

9. The 3D printing method according to claim 6, It is characterized in that The air suction housing (10) is placed in the device at an angle, and the height of the left side of the air suction housing (10) is lower than that of the right side.

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