Method for planting winter wheat in dry land

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of wheat planting, in particular to a dry land winter wheat planting method which comprises the following steps of soil preparation, seed selection, sowing, drip irrigation tape laying, fertilizer and water management and harvesting. A single narrow row and a single wide row are alternately arranged for sowing; the drip irrigation tape is laid close to one side of the wide row; meanwhile, a small-flow drip irrigation system is combined with key growth period fertilizer and water comprehensive management. Compared with traditional winter wheat flat cropping, the method has the advantages that the utilization efficiency of fertilizer water resources is improved, surface runoff and soil moisture evaporation are reduced, meanwhile, the photo-thermal resource efficiency is improved, the ventilation amount is increased, and the yield of winter wheat grains is effectively increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of wheat planting, and in particular to a method for planting dryland winter wheat. Background Art

[0002] Wheat is one of the main food crops in my country, with a wide planting area. Winter wheat in arid areas refers to winter wheat planted in arid and semi-arid areas relying on natural precipitation. Its growth and yield are easily affected by the water supply in the soil. The natural endowment of poor soil, low precipitation, large evaporation and seasonal water shortage in arid areas greatly limits the grain yield of winter wheat.

[0003] The traditional planting method of winter wheat in arid areas is mostly row sowing with equal row spacing of 20 cm, relying on natural precipitation to supply the water needed for winter wheat growth, and spreading fertilizer once and then rotating it into the soil. This traditional planting method leads to low efficiency of soil moisture and nutrient utilization, as well as lack of fertilizer in the late growth period of winter wheat, which seriously limits the grain yield of winter wheat. Therefore, some winter wheat production in arid areas attempts to use drip irrigation systems with efficient fertilizer and water resources.

[0004] Since water resources are extremely precious in winter wheat production in arid areas, the drip irrigation system cannot fully utilize light and heat resources in winter wheat production in arid areas, resulting in increased surface runoff and water evaporation, which in turn leads to a reduction in wheat production.

[0005] In summary, a method for growing dryland winter wheat with increased yield is urgently needed. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to develop a planting method that can improve the utilization efficiency of fertilizer and water resources and effectively increase the yield of winter wheat grains, the present invention provides a planting method for dryland winter wheat. The present invention adopts wide-width precision sowing and combines the drip irrigation system with efficient fertilizer and water management, which not only reduces surface runoff and soil water evaporation, improves the utilization efficiency of fertilizer and water resources, but also improves the efficiency of light and heat resources, increases ventilation, and increases the yield of winter wheat grains.

[0007] A method for planting dryland winter wheat comprises the following steps:

[0008] Land preparation: remove weeds, spread decomposed cow dung and compound fertilizer and mix them into the soil, and deep plow and turn the land to a depth of 25cm to 30cm.

[0009] Seed selection: Select wheat seeds with purity ≥98% and germination rate ≥98%.

[0010] Sowing: Mechanical sowing is used, with single narrow rows and single wide rows arranged alternately. The spacing between wide rows of wheat is 22cm to 26cm, and the spacing between narrow rows is 10cm to 14cm.

[0011] Laying drip irrigation tape: Lay the drip irrigation tape close to the side of the wide row, the length of the drip irrigation tape should be 60cm~100cm, and the spacing between the drip irrigation tapes should be 34cm~38cm.

[0012] Fertilizer and water management: Watering and fertilization are carried out during the four growth stages of wheat: greening stage, jointing stage, heading stage, and filling stage.

[0013] Harvest: Wheat is harvested when it reaches the late to full maturity stage.

[0014] In order to ensure the yield of wheat grains, the prior art adopts a drip irrigation system with efficient fertilizer and water resources. However, in the implementation process, the problems of increased surface runoff and water evaporation are not taken into account, resulting in a decrease in wheat grain yield. Therefore, the present invention provides a method for planting winter wheat in dryland, which adopts a wide-width precision sowing, a drip irrigation system and a method of combining fertilizer and water management. Specifically, the present invention improves the yield of winter wheat in dryland through the steps of land preparation, seed selection, sowing, laying of drip irrigation belts, fertilizer and water management, and harvesting. Among them, the wide-width precision sowing adopts alternating arrangement of single narrow row and single wide row for sowing. The alternating arrangement of single narrow row and wide row increases the group density, increases the light and air transmission, improves the light and heat resource efficiency of winter wheat, and improves the spatial distribution of winter wheat root system; laying drip irrigation tape close to one side of the wide row reduces the problem of large waste of water resources and inability to fully irrigate due to the wide distance of drip irrigation tape in conventional drip irrigation system, and the effect of water saving and efficiency improvement is obvious; at the same time, combining the small-flow drip irrigation system with the comprehensive management of fertilizer and water in the key growth period is not only conducive to the downward growth of wheat root system, increasing the irrigation depth, and improving the spatial distribution of winter wheat root system, but also can greatly improve the winter wheat grain yield and fertilizer and water utilization efficiency.

[0015] Furthermore, the total irrigation volume in the fertilizer and water management is 1725m 3 / hm 2 ~2025m 3 / hm 2 .

[0016] During the green period, the drip irrigation volume is 335m 3 / hm 2 ~435m 3 / hm 2 .

[0017] During the jointing period, the drip irrigation volume is 600m 3 / hm 2 ~675m 3 / hm 2 .

[0018] During the heading period, the drip irrigation volume is 450m 3 / hm 2 ~480m 3 / hm 2 .

[0019] During the grouting period, the drip irrigation volume is 335m 3 / hm 2 ~435m 3 / hm 2 .

[0020] Furthermore, the fertilizers applied in the fertilization include urea, monoammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate, and the total application amount of urea is 180 kg / hm 2 ~210kg / hm 2 The total application amount of monoammonium phosphate is 60.0kg / hm 2 ~97.5kg / hm 2 The total amount of potassium sulfate applied is 37.5 kg / hm 2 ~67.5kg / hm 2 .

[0021] During the green period, urea was applied with water drops at 22.5 kg / hm 2 ~27.0kg / hm 2 , monoammonium phosphate 7.0kg / hm 2 ~13.5kg / hm 2 , Potassium sulfate 7.5kg / hm 2 ~12.5kg / hm 2 .

[0022] At the jointing stage, 82.5 kg / hm2 of urea was applied with water drops. 2 ~100.5kg / hm 2 , monoammonium phosphate 30.0kg / hm 2 ~50.0kg / hm 2 , Potassium sulfate 15.0kg / hm 2 ~30.0kg / hm 2 .

[0023] At the heading stage, urea was applied with dripping at 45.5 kg / hm 2 ~55.5kg / hm 2 , monoammonium phosphate 15.0kg / hm 2 ~20.5kg / hm 2 , Potassium sulfate 7.5kg / hm 2 ~12.5kg / hm 2 .

[0024] During the grouting period, urea was applied with water drops at 22.5 kg / hm2. 2 ~27.0kg / hm 2 , monoammonium phosphate 7.0kg / hm 2 ~13.5kg / hm 2, Potassium sulfate 7.5kg / hm 2 ~12.5kg / hm 2 .

[0025] Furthermore, a plurality of drippers are arranged on the drip irrigation belt, and the interval between the drippers is 28 cm to 32 cm.

[0026] Furthermore, the sowing rate is controlled at 130 kg / hm 2 ~170kg / hm 2 The sowing depth is 2.5cm~3.5cm.

[0027] Furthermore, the compound fertilizer used in the land preparation is compound fertilizer 25-13-5 or compound fertilizer 25-10-5, and the application amount is 150kg / hm 2 ~225kg / hm 2 .

[0028] Furthermore, the amount of the decomposed cow dung applied is 12000 kg / hm 2 ~15000kg / hm 2 .

[0029] Furthermore, the seeds are Luohan 11 or Luohan 22.

[0030] Furthermore, chemical regulation is also carried out during the implementation of the fertilizer and water management, and the chemical regulation includes chemical regulation during the greening period and chemical regulation during the flowering period, which are respectively: chemical regulation during the greening period refers to the use of wheat straw cleaner for weeding during the 1d to 10d of the greening period, and chemical regulation during the flowering period refers to spraying with oxycarboxin emulsion after 80% of the wheat heading has emerged during the flowering period.

[0031] Furthermore, the triadimefon emulsion is a 20% triadimefon emulsion, which is used at a rate of 50 mL per mu diluted with 30 kg to 35 kg of water and sprayed in a spray form.

[0032] The compound fertilizer in the present invention has a N-P2O5-K2O ratio of 25-13-5 or 25-10-5. The compound fertilizer N-P2O5-K2O=25-13-5 means that the mass ratio of nitrogen, P2O5 and K2O is 25:13:5; the compound fertilizer N-P2O5-K2O=25-10-5 means that the mass ratio of nitrogen, P2O5 and K2O is 25:10:5; both were purchased from Yangling Fengnian Agricultural Materials Service Co., Ltd.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0034] The present invention provides a planting method for dryland winter wheat, which adopts alternating sowing of single narrow row and single wide row, thereby increasing the population density, increasing the light and air transmission, improving the light and heat resource efficiency of winter wheat, and improving the spatial distribution of winter wheat root system; laying a drip irrigation belt close to one side of the wide row, thereby reducing the problem of large waste of water resources and inability to fully irrigate due to the wide distance between the drip irrigation belts in a conventional drip irrigation system, and achieving obvious water-saving and efficiency-enhancing effects; at the same time, combining a small-flow drip irrigation system with comprehensive fertilizer and water management during a critical growth period, which is not only conducive to the downward growth of the wheat root system, increasing the irrigation depth, and improving the spatial distribution of the winter wheat root system, but also greatly improving the winter wheat grain yield and fertilizer and water utilization efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0036] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the winter wheat row spacing, drip irrigation tape laying position and dripper spacing distribution according to the technology of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the row spacing distribution of winter wheat using farmers' traditional flat-cropping technology.

[0038] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the row spacing, drip tape laying position and dripper spacing distribution of winter wheat under traditional drip irrigation technology. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, but it should be understood that the protection scope of the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without making creative work belong to the scope of protection of the present invention. The experimental methods described in the embodiments of the present invention are conventional methods unless otherwise specified. The materials, reagents, etc. used in the following embodiments are all commercially available unless otherwise specified. The compound fertilizers, chemical fertilizers, gold probiotic fermentation agents, wheat straw nets and triadimefon agents used in this embodiment and the comparative example are all purchased from Yangling Fengnian Agricultural Materials Service Co., Ltd.

[0040] Example 1: A method for planting winter wheat in dryland.

[0041] Land preparation: remove weeds, spread decomposed cow dung and compound fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=25-13-5) and then rotate into the soil, deep plowing and deep turning, the tillage depth is 30cm. The application rate of decomposed cow dung is 12000kg / hm2 The application rate of compound fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=25-13-5) is 150kg / hm 2 .

[0042] The cow dung composting process is specifically as follows: adding 15% of straw and 0.04% of the golden probiotic fermentation agent to the fresh cow dung, piling the mixed materials into a trapezoidal shape with a width of 2m, a height of 1.2m and an unlimited length, covering them with plastic cloth, and performing anaerobic fermentation. The materials are turned over once every 10 days. When the materials turn dark brown and have no odor, and the temperature in the pile drops to about room temperature, the fermentation is considered to be completed; the 15% of straw and the 0.04% of the golden probiotic fermentation agent are mass fractions.

[0043] Seed selection: Select seeds Luohan 22 with purity ≥98% and germination rate ≥98%.

[0044] Sowing: Mechanical sowing is adopted, single narrow row and single wide row are arranged alternately, and the sowing amount is controlled at 150kg / hm 2 The sowing depth is 3cm. The sowing period is from September 20 to September 30, and the average daily temperature is 10℃. The wide row spacing of wheat is 24cm, and the narrow row spacing is 12cm. Figure 1 shown.

[0045] Laying drip irrigation tape: The drip irrigation tape is laid close to the side of the wide row. The length of each drip irrigation tape is 80m, the spacing between drip irrigation tapes is 36cm, and the spacing between drippers is 30cm.

[0046] Fertilizer and water management: There are four irrigations during the growth period, namely the greening period, jointing period, heading period, and grain filling period, with a total irrigation quota of 1,800m 3 / hm 2 ; The specific application amount of chemical fertilizer is: urea 180kg / hm 2 , monoammonium phosphate 60.0kg / hm 2 , potassium sulfate 37.5kg / hm 2 .

[0047] The specific process of water and fertilizer management is as follows:

[0048] During the green period, the drip irrigation volume is 375m 3 / hm 2 , urea 22.5kg / hm2 was applied with water drops 2 , monoammonium phosphate 7.5kg / hm 2 , Potassium sulfate 7.5kg / hm 2 .

[0049] During the jointing period, the drip irrigation volume is 600m 3 / hm 2 , 82.5kg / hm2 urea was applied with water drops2 , monoammonium phosphate 30.0kg / hm 2 , Potassium sulfate 15.0kg / hm 2 .

[0050] During the heading period, the drip irrigation volume is 450m 3 / hm 2 , urea 52.5kg / hm2 was applied with water drops 2 , monoammonium phosphate 15.0kg / hm 2 , Potassium sulfate 7.5kg / hm 2 .

[0051] During the grouting period, the drip irrigation volume is 375m 3 / hm 2 , urea 22.5kg / hm2 was applied with water drops 2 , monoammonium phosphate 7.5kg / hm 2 , Potassium sulfate 7.5kg / hm 2 .

[0052] Chemical regulation is carried out during the growth period: wheat grass cleaner is used for weeding 8 days in the greening period; and fenadimefon emulsion is sprayed after 80% of the wheat heading is in the flowering period. The fenadimefon emulsion is 20% fenadimefon emulsion, and 50 mL is diluted with 30 kg to 35 kg of water per mu and sprayed in the form of spray.

[0053] Harvesting: When wheat enters the late to full maturity stage, it is harvested in time with wheat harvesters.

[0054] Example 2: A method for planting winter wheat in dryland.

[0055] Land preparation: remove weeds, spread decomposed cow dung and compound fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=25-13-5) and then rotate into the soil, deep plowing and deep turning, the tillage depth is 27cm. The decomposed cow dung application rate is 13500kg / hm 2 The application rate of compound fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=25-13-5) is 187.5kg / hm 2 .

[0056] The cow dung composting process is specifically as follows: adding 15% of straw and 0.04% of the golden probiotic fermentation agent to the fresh cow dung, piling the mixed materials into a trapezoidal shape with a width of 2m, a height of 1.2m and an unlimited length, covering them with plastic cloth, and performing anaerobic fermentation. The materials are turned over once every 10 days. When the materials turn dark brown and have no odor, and the temperature in the pile drops to about room temperature, the fermentation is considered to be completed; the 15% of straw and the 0.04% of the golden probiotic fermentation agent are mass fractions.

[0057] Seed selection: Select seeds Luohan 22 with purity ≥98% and germination rate ≥98%.

[0058] Sowing: Mechanical sowing is adopted, single narrow row and single wide row are arranged alternately, and the sowing amount is controlled at 150kg / hm 2 The sowing depth is 2.5 cm. The sowing period is from September 20 to September 30, and the average daily temperature is 10℃. The wide row spacing of wheat is 22 cm, and the narrow row spacing is 10 cm. Figure 1 shown.

[0059] Laying drip irrigation tape: The drip irrigation tape is laid close to the side of the wide row. The length of each drip irrigation tape is 60m, the spacing between drip irrigation tapes is 34cm, and the spacing between drippers is 28cm.

[0060] Fertilizer and water management: There are four irrigations during the growth period, namely the greening period, jointing period, heading period, and grain filling period, with a total irrigation quota of 1912m 3 / hm 2 ; The specific application amount of chemical fertilizer is: urea 195kg / hm 2 , monoammonium phosphate 79.0kg / hm 2 , potassium sulfate 52.5kg / hm 2 .

[0061] The specific process of water and fertilizer management is as follows:

[0062] During the green period, the drip irrigation volume is 405m 3 / hm 2 , urea 24.5kg / hm2 was applied with water drops 2 , monoammonium phosphate 7.0kg / hm 2 , Potassium sulfate 10.0kg / hm 2 .

[0063] During the jointing period, the drip irrigation volume is 637m 3 / hm 2 , urea 91.0kg / hm2 was applied with water drops 2 , monoammonium phosphate 45.0kg / hm 2 , Potassium sulfate 22.5kg / hm 2 .

[0064] During the heading period, the drip irrigation volume is 465m 3 / hm 2 , urea 54.0kg / hm2 was applied with water drops 2 , monoammonium phosphate 20.0kg / hm 2 , Potassium sulfate 10.0kg / hm 2 .

[0065] During the grouting period, the drip irrigation volume is 405m 3 / hm 2 , urea 25.5kg / hm2 was applied with water drops2 , monoammonium phosphate 7.0kg / hm 2 , Potassium sulfate 10.0kg / hm 2 .

[0066] Chemical regulation is carried out during the growth period: wheat grass cleaner is used for weeding 8 days in the greening period; and fenadimefon emulsion is sprayed after 80% of the wheat heading is in the flowering period. The fenadimefon emulsion is 20% fenadimefon emulsion, and 50 mL is diluted with 30 kg to 35 kg of water per mu and sprayed in the form of spray.

[0067] Harvesting: When wheat enters the late to full maturity stage, it is harvested in time with wheat harvesters.

[0068] Example 3: A method for planting winter wheat in dryland.

[0069] Land preparation: remove weeds, spread and scatter decomposed cow dung and compound fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=25-13-5) into the soil, and deep plow and turn the land to a depth of 30 cm. The application rate of decomposed cow dung is 15000 kg / hm2. 2 The application rate of compound fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=25-13-5) is 225kg / hm 2 .

[0070] The cow dung composting process is specifically as follows: adding 15% of straw and 0.04% of the golden probiotic fermentation agent to the fresh cow dung, piling the mixed materials into a trapezoidal shape with a width of 2m, a height of 1.2m and an unlimited length, covering them with plastic cloth, and performing anaerobic fermentation. The materials are turned over once every 10 days. When the materials turn dark brown and have no odor, and the temperature in the pile drops to about room temperature, the fermentation is considered to be completed; the 15% of straw and the 0.04% of the golden probiotic fermentation agent are mass fractions.

[0071] Seed selection: Select seeds Luohan 22 with purity ≥98% and germination rate ≥98%.

[0072] Sowing: Mechanical sowing is adopted, single narrow row and single wide row are arranged alternately, and the sowing rate is controlled at 170kg / hm 2 The sowing depth is 3.5cm. The sowing period is from September 20 to September 30, and the average daily temperature is 10℃. The wide row spacing of wheat is 26cm, and the narrow row spacing is 14cm. Figure 1 shown.

[0073] Laying drip irrigation tape: The drip irrigation tape is laid close to the side of the wide row. The length of each drip irrigation tape is 80m, the spacing between drip irrigation tapes is 38cm, and the spacing between drippers is 32cm.

[0074] Fertilizer and water management: There are four irrigations during the growth period, namely the greening period, jointing period, heading period, and filling period, with a total irrigation quota of 2025m3 / hm 2 ; The specific application amount of chemical fertilizer is: urea 210kg / hm 2 , monoammonium phosphate 97.5kg / hm 2 , potassium sulfate 67.5kg / hm 2 .

[0075] The specific process of water and fertilizer management is as follows:

[0076] During the green period, the drip irrigation volume is 435m 3 / hm 2 , urea 27.0kg / hm2 was applied with water drops 2 , monoammonium phosphate 13.5kg / hm 2 , Potassium sulfate 12.5kg / hm 2 .

[0077] During the jointing period, the drip irrigation volume is 675m 3 / hm 2 , urea 100.5kg / hm2 was applied with water drops 2 , monoammonium phosphate 50.0kg / hm 2 , Potassium sulfate 30.0kg / hm 2 .

[0078] At the heading stage, the drip irrigation volume is 480m 3 / hm 2 , urea 55.5kg / hm2 with water drip 2 , monoammonium phosphate 20.5kg / hm 2 , Potassium sulfate 12.5kg / hm 2 .

[0079] During the grouting period, the drip irrigation volume is 435m 3 / hm 2 , urea 27.0kg / hm2 was applied with water drops 2 , monoammonium phosphate 13.5kg / hm 2 , Potassium sulfate 12.5kg / hm 2 .

[0080] Chemical regulation is carried out during the growth period: wheat grass cleaner is used for weeding 8 days in the greening period; and fenadimefon emulsion is sprayed after 80% of the wheat heading is in the flowering period. The fenadimefon emulsion is 20% fenadimefon emulsion, and 50 mL is diluted with 30 kg to 35 kg of water per mu and sprayed in the form of spray.

[0081] Harvesting: When wheat enters the late to full maturity stage, it is harvested in time with wheat harvesters.

[0082] Comparative Example 1: Traditional flat-cropping technique of farmers for winter wheat cultivation in dryland.

[0083] Land preparation: remove weeds, spread compound fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=25-13-5) and then rotate it into the soil, deep plowing and deep turning, the tillage depth is 30cm. The application rate of the compound fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=25-13-5) is 920kg / hm 2 .

[0084] Seed selection: Select seeds Luohan 22 with purity ≥98% and germination rate ≥98%.

[0085] Sowing: Mechanical seed drill, 20cm per row, sowing rate controlled at 150kg / hm 2 The sowing depth is 3cm. The sowing period is from September 20 to September 30, and the average daily temperature is 10℃. Figure 2 shown.

[0086] Chemical regulation: Chemical regulation is carried out during the growth period; wheat grass cleaner is used for weeding 8 days after the wheat heading in the flowering period; and fenadimefon emulsion is sprayed after 80% of the wheat has headed during the flowering period. The fenadimefon emulsion is 20% fenadimefon emulsion, which is used at a rate of 50 mL per mu diluted with 30 kg to 35 kg of water and sprayed in the form of a spray.

[0087] Harvesting: When wheat enters the late to full maturity stage, it is harvested in time with wheat harvesters.

[0088] Comparative Example 2: Traditional drip irrigation technology for dryland winter wheat cultivation technology.

[0089] Land preparation: remove weeds, spread decomposed cow dung and compound fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=25-13-5) and then rotate into the soil, deep plowing and deep turning, the tillage depth is 30cm. The application rate of decomposed cow dung is 12000kg / hm 2 The application rate of compound fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=25-13-5) is 150kg / hm 2 .

[0090] The cow dung composting process is specifically as follows: adding straw accounting for 15% of the total amount of fermented cow dung and 0.04% of the golden probiotic fermentation agent to fresh cow dung, piling the mixed materials into a trapezoidal shape with a width of 2m, a height of 1.2m and an unlimited length, covering them with plastic cloth, and conducting anaerobic fermentation. The materials are turned over every 10 days. When the materials turn dark brown, have no odor, and the temperature in the pile drops to about room temperature, the fermentation is considered to be complete.

[0091] Seed selection: Select seeds Luohan 22 with purity ≥98% and germination rate ≥98%.

[0092] Sowing: Mechanical seed drill, 15cm per row, sowing rate controlled at 150kg / hm 2The sowing depth is 3cm. The sowing period is from September 20 to September 30, and the average daily temperature is 10℃.

[0093] Laying drip irrigation tape: Each drip irrigation tape is 80m long, and one drip irrigation tape is laid every 4 rows. The drip irrigation tape is laid in the middle of the wheat row, with a distance of 60cm between adjacent drip irrigation tapes and a distance of 30cm between drippers. Figure 3 shown.

[0094] Fertilizer and water management: There are four irrigations during the growth period, namely the greening period, jointing period, heading period, and grain filling period, with a total irrigation quota of 2700m 3 / hm 2 ; The specific application amount of chemical fertilizer is: urea 180kg / hm 2 , monoammonium phosphate 60.0kg / hm 2 , potassium sulfate 37.5kg / hm 2 .

[0095] The specific process of fertilizer and water management is as follows:

[0096] During the green period, the drip irrigation volume is 400m 3 / hm 2 , urea 22.5kg / hm2 was applied with water drops 2 , monoammonium phosphate 7.5kg / hm 2 , Potassium sulfate 7.5kg / hm 2 .

[0097] During the jointing period, the drip irrigation volume is 1100m 3 / hm 2 , 82.5kg / hm2 urea was applied with water drops 2 , monoammonium phosphate 30.0kg / hm 2 , Potassium sulfate 15.0kg / hm 2 .

[0098] During the heading period, the drip irrigation volume is 800m 3 / hm 2 , urea 52.5kg / hm2 was applied with water drops 2 , monoammonium phosphate 15.0kg / hm 2 , Potassium sulfate 7.5kg / hm 2 .

[0099] During the grouting period, the drip irrigation volume is 400m 3 / hm 2 , urea 22.5kg / hm2 was applied with water drops 2 , monoammonium phosphate 7.5kg / hm 2 , Potassium sulfate 7.5kg / hm 2 .

[0100] Chemical regulation is carried out during the growth period: wheat grass cleaner is used for weeding 8 days in the greening period; and fenadimefon emulsion is sprayed after 80% of the wheat heading is in the flowering period. The fenadimefon emulsion is 20% fenadimefon emulsion, 50 mL per mu, diluted with 30 kg of water, and sprayed in the form of spray.

[0101] Harvesting: When wheat enters the late to full maturity stage, it is harvested in time with wheat harvesters.

[0102] In Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 2, the compound fertilizer N-P2O5-K2O=25-13-5 means that the mass ratio of nitrogen, P2O5 and K2O is 25:13:5.

[0103] The above-mentioned Example 1 to Example 3 and Comparative Example 1 to Comparative Example 2 were used to study the planting method of winter wheat in dry land. Compared with Example 1, the effects of Example 2 and Example 3 are similar. For the convenience of subsequent discussion, the results of Example 1 shall prevail.

[0104] The relevant calculation formula is as follows:

[0105] (1) Yield increase rate (%) = (yield of traditional drip irrigation technology or technology of the present invention - yield of traditional flat farming by farmers) / yield of traditional flat farming by farmers × 100%.

[0106] (2) Water saving rate (%) = (irrigation volume of traditional drip irrigation technology - irrigation volume of the project technology of the present invention) / irrigation volume of traditional drip irrigation technology × 100%.

[0107] (3) The water use efficiency calculation formula is as follows:

[0108] Water use efficiency (%) = yield / water consumption during the entire growth period.

[0109] Water consumption during the whole growth period (m 3 / hm 2 ) = soil water storage consumption during the entire growth period + total precipitation during the growth period + irrigation amount during the growth period.

[0110] Soil water consumption during the whole growth period (m 3 / hm 2 ) = soil water storage before sowing - soil water storage at harvest.

[0111] Soil water storage capacity (m 3 / hm 2 )=h×w×d×100, where:

[0112] h——soil depth, cm;

[0113] w——soil moisture content, %;

[0114] d——soil bulk density, g / cm 3 ;

[0115] 100——Unit conversion factor.

[0116] (4) Partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer (kg / kg) = yield / nitrogen input.

[0117] The test results are shown in the figure below:

[0118] Table 1 Comparison of the integrated water-fertilizer management of the present invention with traditional flat farming and traditional drip irrigation of farmers

[0119]

[0120]

[0121] Note: “—” in the table means that this item does not exist. The measured data in this table are from Yujiagong Village, Yongshou County, Shaanxi Province (measured in 2024). The precipitation in this area during the entire growing period of winter wheat is 186 mm.

[0122] The results in the above table show that: compared with the traditional flat farming and traditional drip irrigation technology of farmers, the planting technology of the present invention can significantly increase the yield of winter wheat and has obvious water-saving and fertilizer-saving effects.

[0123] Although preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional changes and modifications may occur to these embodiments once those skilled in the art are aware of the basic inventive concepts.

[0124] Obviously, those skilled in the art may make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A method for planting winter wheat in dryland, characterized in that: The steps include: Land preparation: remove weeds, spread and rotate the decomposed cow dung and compound fertilizer into the soil, and deep plow and turn the land to a depth of 25cm to 30cm; Seed selection: Select wheat seeds with a purity of ≥98% and a germination rate of ≥98%; Sowing: Mechanical sowing is used, with single narrow rows and single wide rows arranged alternately, with the row spacing of wide rows of wheat being 22cm to 26cm, and the row spacing of narrow rows being 10cm to 14cm; Laying drip irrigation tape: Lay the drip irrigation tape close to the wide row, the length of the drip irrigation tape should be 60cm to 100cm, and the spacing between the drip irrigation tapes should be 34cm to 38cm; Fertilizer and water management: Irrigation and fertilization are carried out in the four growth stages of wheat: greening stage, jointing stage, heading stage, and grain filling stage; Harvest: Wheat is harvested when it reaches the late to full maturity stage.

2. The method for planting dryland winter wheat according to claim 1, characterized in that: The total irrigation volume in the fertilizer and water management is 1800m 3 / hm 2 ~2025m 3 / hm 2 ; During the green period, the drip irrigation volume is 375m 3 / hm 2 ~435m 3 / hm 2 ; During the jointing period, the drip irrigation volume is 600m 3 / hm 2 ~675m 3 / hm 2 ; During the heading period, the drip irrigation amount is 450m 3 / hm 2 ~480m 3 / hm 2 ; During the grouting period, the drip irrigation volume is 375m 3 / hm 2 ~435m 3 / hm 2 .

3. The method for planting dryland winter wheat according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fertilizers applied in the fertilization include urea, monoammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate, and the total application amount of urea is 180kg / hm 2 ~210kg / hm 2 The total application amount of monoammonium phosphate is 60.0kg / hm 2 ~97.5kg / hm 2 The total amount of potassium sulfate applied is 37.5 kg / hm 2 ~67.5kg / hm 2 ; During the green period, urea was applied with water drops at 22.5 kg / hm 2 ~27.0kg / hm 2 , monoammonium phosphate 7.0kg / hm 2 ~13.5kg / hm 2 , Potassium sulfate 7.5kg / hm 2 ~12.5kg / hm 2 ; At the jointing stage, 82.5 kg / hm2 of urea was applied with water drops. 2 ~100.5kg / hm 2 , monoammonium phosphate 30.0kg / hm 2 ~50.0kg / hm 2 , Potassium sulfate 15.0kg / hm 2 ~30.0kg / hm 2 ; At the heading stage, urea was applied with dripping at 52.5 kg / hm 2 ~55.5kg / hm 2 , monoammonium phosphate 15.0kg / hm 2 ~20.5kg / hm 2 , Potassium sulfate 7.5kg / hm 2 ~12.5kg / hm 2 ; During the grouting period, urea was applied with water drops at 22.5 kg / hm2. 2 ~27.0kg / hm 2 , monoammonium phosphate 7.0kg / hm 2 ~13.5kg / hm 2 , Potassium sulfate 7.5kg / hm 2 ~12.5kg / hm 2 .

4. The method for planting dryland winter wheat according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drip irrigation belt is provided with a plurality of drippers, and the interval between the drippers is 28 cm to 32 cm.

5. The method for planting dryland winter wheat according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sowing rate is controlled at 130kg / hm 2 ~170kg / hm 2 The sowing depth is 2.5cm~3.5cm.

6. The method for planting dryland winter wheat according to claim 1, characterized in that: The compound fertilizer used in the land preparation is compound fertilizer 25-13-5 or compound fertilizer 25-10-5, and the application amount is 150kg / hm 2 ~225kg / hm 2 .

7. The method for planting dryland winter wheat according to claim 1, characterized in that: The amount of decomposed cow dung is 12000kg / hm 2 ~15000kg / hm 2 .

8. The method for planting dryland winter wheat according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seeds are Luohan 11 or Luohan 22.

9. The method for planting dryland winter wheat according to claim 1, characterized in that: Chemical regulation is also carried out during the implementation of the fertilizer and water management, and the chemical regulation includes chemical regulation during the greening period and chemical regulation during the flowering period, which are respectively: chemical regulation during the greening period refers to the use of wheat grass cleaner for weeding during the 1d to 10d of the greening period, and chemical regulation during the flowering period refers to spraying with oxycarboxin emulsion after 80% of the wheat heading has emerged during the flowering period.

10. The method for planting dryland winter wheat according to claim 9, characterized in that: The triadimefon emulsion is a 20% triadimefon emulsion, which is used at a rate of 50 mL per mu diluted with 30 kg to 35 kg of water and sprayed in a spray form.

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