Preparation and application of biological carbon type phosphate fertilizer synergist suitable for flue-cured tobacco

Abstract

The invention discloses preparation and application of a biological carbon type phosphate fertilizer synergist suitable for flue-cured tobacco, and relates to the technical field of phosphate fertilizer synergists. Comprising the following steps: step 1, preparing raw materials; 2, raw material treatment; and step 3, mixing and reacting: by taking the charcoal and the humic acid as main raw materials, the content of available phosphorus in soil can be increased, absorption and utilization of tobacco to calcium superphosphate and diammonium phosphate are increased, growth and development of the tobacco are promoted, the fresh weight of the tobacco leaves is increased, and the phosphorus accumulation amount of the tobacco is increased. According to the preparation and application of the biological carbon type phosphate fertilizer synergist suitable for flue-cured tobacco, the fixing agent, the water-retaining agent and the microbial agent are added into the biological carbon source to form the phosphate fertilizer synergist, the water-retaining agent can prevent water loss in soil, and the fixing agent can prevent phosphorus loss in the soil; and a mixture of compound sodium nitrophenolate and high-purity alpha-pimacol is added, so that the permeation, adhesion and spreading force of the fertilizer are increased, the limitation of plants is broken, and the capability of the fertilizer entering the plants is enhanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of phosphate fertilizer synergists, and in particular to the preparation and application of a biocarbon type phosphate fertilizer synergist suitable for flue-cured tobacco. Background Art

[0002] China is a major producer and user of fertilizers. Fertilizers play a huge role in increasing crop yields. However, there have always been problems such as large fertilizer application, rapid nutrient loss, low crop absorption and utilization rate, and environmental pollution and resource waste caused by excessive fertilization. The main reasons for China's low phosphate fertilizer utilization rate are: (1) phosphate ions in phosphate fertilizers are complexed and fixed with metal ions such as iron, aluminum, calcium and magnesium in the soil to form insoluble phosphates, which lose the activity of phosphorus and cannot be effectively absorbed and utilized by crops; (2) fertilizer loss caused by factors such as rain leaching, infiltration and evaporation significantly reduces the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizers. Repeated large-scale application is required, which not only increases production costs, but also causes soil microecological imbalance and triggers agricultural non-point source pollution of water bodies, becoming a bottleneck problem in the development of agricultural environment.

[0003] The invention patent with announcement number CN106749900A discloses a water-soluble ternary polymer phosphate fertilizer synergist and its preparation method and application. The polymer is prepared by polymerization of itaconic acid, maleic anhydride, acrylic acid and initiator in aqueous solution. The preparation method is as follows: firstly, the treated itaconic acid, maleic anhydride and an appropriate amount of deionized water are added to a four-necked flask, nitrogen is introduced for 7 to 15 minutes, and the mixture is heated until the monomers are completely dissolved and the reaction temperature is reached. Then, the initiator and acrylic acid with a concentration of 25% are uniformly added to the reaction bottle through a constant pressure funnel. After the addition is completed, the reaction is carried out at a constant temperature for a certain period of time, and the temperature is lowered to discharge the material to obtain the IA / MA / AA ternary polymer.

[0004] As shown in the above invention, existing enhancers generally have good water solubility, biodegradability and chelating power, which can improve the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer and adjust soil pH. However, although this method can improve the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer, it cannot increase the effective phosphorus content in the soil, and cannot increase the concentration of soluble phosphorus in the soil, resulting in a low overall utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer by tobacco. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a preparation method and application of a bio-carbon type phosphate fertilizer synergist suitable for flue-cured tobacco, thereby solving the existing problems.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented by the following technical scheme: a preparation method of a biocarbon type phosphate fertilizer synergist suitable for flue-cured tobacco, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: Raw material preparation: prepare a certain amount of biochar source, phosphate fertilizer raw materials and other additives;

[0008] Step 2: Raw material processing: pre-processing the biological carbon source and phosphate fertilizer raw materials;

[0009] Step 3: Mixing and reacting: mixing the biochar and phosphate fertilizer raw materials in a certain proportion, and adding an appropriate amount of additives for reaction;

[0010] Step 4: Drying and molding: Dry the mixture after the reaction to remove excess water, and then make a synergist product suitable for use.

[0011] Preferably, the biochar source is bagasse biochar and humic acid, the phosphate fertilizer raw materials are superphosphate and diammonium phosphate, and the additives are fixatives, water retaining agents and microbial agents.

[0012] Preferably, the fixing agent comprises high-purity sodium α-naphthylacetate, sodium nitrophenolate and a ternary compound, the water retaining agent is a surfactant, and the microbial agent is Bacillus licheniformis and Burkholderia in a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0013] Preferably, in the step 2, the biological carbon source and the phosphate fertilizer raw material are crushed separately, and then passed through a 1000-mesh sieve after crushing.

[0014] Preferably, in the step three, the mixture is added to a pyrolysis furnace, nitrogen is introduced to exhaust the air in the pyrolysis furnace, the temperature of the pyrolysis furnace is set to 400°C, the heating rate is 20°C / min, nitrogen is continuously introduced during the heating process, and the nitrogen flow rate is controlled at 3L / h. After reaching 400°C, 400°C is maintained for 30min, heating is stopped, and the nitrogen is stopped when the temperature naturally cools down to 100°C, and the mixture is cooled to 25°C, and then additives are added, and the mixture is stirred evenly to obtain a reacted mixture.

[0015] Preferably, in the step 4, the mixture after the reaction is dried and then crushed, and then granulated by a granulator to obtain a granular synergist product, or sieved by a sieve to obtain a powdered synergist product.

[0016] Preferably, the bio-carbon type phosphate fertilizer synergist is used on flue-cured tobacco.

[0017] Preferably, a basic analysis of the soil is required before the application to understand the soil pH value, organic matter content, nutrient status, etc., so as to determine a reasonable fertilization plan, and at the same time, select a suitable bio-carbon type phosphate fertilizer synergist according to soil conditions and nutrient requirements of flue-cured tobacco.

[0018] Preferably, the bio-carbon type phosphate fertilizer synergist is applied to the tobacco before planting, the synergist is mixed with the base fertilizer and evenly spread in the soil, and then deep plowing or rotary tillage is performed to fully mix the synergist with the soil.

[0019] Preferably, the biocarbon type phosphate fertilizer synergist is applied during the growth period of flue-cured tobacco, the synergist is dissolved in water, and watering or drip irrigation is performed according to the growth status and nutrient requirements of the plants, and topdressing is performed in a timely manner.

[0020] Precautions for the application of bio-carbon phosphate fertilizer synergist:

[0021] Follow the fertilization principles: During the fertilization process, the principle of "scientific and reasonable fertilization" should be followed to avoid excessive or insufficient fertilization that may have adverse effects on the growth of flue-cured tobacco;

[0022] Use with other fertilizers: Although bio-carbon phosphate fertilizer synergist can improve the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer, it cannot completely replace other fertilizers. Therefore, it should be used in combination with other fertilizers to meet the comprehensive nutrient needs of flue-cured tobacco.

[0023] Pay attention to the time of fertilization: Different growth stages have different requirements for nutrients. Therefore, when using enhancers, you should pay attention to the choice of fertilization time to ensure that nutrients can be supplied to the tobacco plants in a timely manner.

[0024] Beneficial Effects

[0025] The present invention provides a preparation and application of a biocarbon-based phosphate fertilizer synergist suitable for flue-cured tobacco. Compared with the prior art, it has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] 1. The preparation and application of a biochar-type phosphate fertilizer synergist suitable for flue-cured tobacco can increase the effective phosphorus content in the soil, increase the absorption and utilization of superphosphate and diammonium phosphate by tobacco, promote tobacco growth and development, increase the fresh weight of tobacco leaves, and increase the phosphorus accumulation of tobacco by using biochar and humic acid as the main raw materials.

[0027] 2. The preparation and application of a biochar-type phosphate fertilizer synergist suitable for flue-cured tobacco, wherein a fixative, a water-retaining agent and a microbial agent are added to a biocarbon source to form a phosphate fertilizer synergist, wherein the water-retaining agent can prevent water loss in the soil, and the fixative prevents phosphorus loss in the soil. In addition, a mixture of sodium nitrophenolate and high-purity sodium α-naphthylacetate is added to increase the penetration, adhesion and spreading force of the fertilizer, break the plant's own limitations, and enhance the ability of the fertilizer to enter the plant body. The microbial agent enhances the phosphorus dissolving and metal chelating effects of the synergist. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the method flow of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the effect of the combination of the phosphate fertilizer and the synergist of the present invention on the available phosphorus in the soil;

[0030] Figure 3This is a schematic diagram showing the effect of the combination of the synergist of the present invention and phosphorus on phosphorus accumulation in tobacco leaves;

[0031] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the effect of the combination of the synergist of the present invention and phosphorus on phosphorus accumulation in tobacco stems;

[0032] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the effect of the combination of the synergist of the present invention and phosphorus on the phosphorus accumulation in the aboveground part of tobacco. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] See also Figure 1-5 , the present invention provides three technical solutions:

[0035] The first embodiment: a preparation method of a bio-carbon type phosphate fertilizer synergist suitable for flue-cured tobacco, comprising the following steps:

[0036] Step 1, raw material preparation: prepare a certain amount of bagasse biochar, humic acid, superphosphate, diammonium phosphate, fixative, water-retaining agent and microbial agent, wherein the fixative includes high-purity sodium α-naphthylacetate, sodium nitrophenolate and a ternary compound, the water-retaining agent is a surfactant, and the microbial agent is Bacillus licheniformis and Burkholderia in a mass ratio of 1:1;

[0037] Step 2, raw material processing: the biological carbon source and the phosphate fertilizer raw material are crushed separately, and then passed through a 1000 mesh sieve;

[0038] Step 3, mixing and reacting: the biochar and phosphate fertilizer raw materials are mixed in a certain proportion, the mixture is added into the pyrolysis furnace, nitrogen is introduced to exhaust the air in the pyrolysis furnace, the temperature of the pyrolysis furnace is set to 400°C, the heating rate is 20°C / min, nitrogen is continuously introduced during the heating process, and the nitrogen flow rate is controlled at 3L / h. After reaching 400°C, 400°C is maintained for 30min, and heating is stopped. When the temperature naturally cools down to 100°C, nitrogen is stopped, and the mixture is cooled to 25°C, and then additives are added, and the mixture is stirred evenly to obtain a reacted mixture;

[0039] Step 4, drying and molding: the reaction mixture is dried and then crushed, and then granulated by a granulator to obtain a granular synergist product, or sieved by a sieve to obtain a powdered synergist product.

[0040] The proportions of the above-mentioned bagasse biochar, humic acid, fixative, water-retaining agent and microbial agent are respectively: 60 parts of bagasse biochar, 60 parts of humic acid, 15 parts of high-purity sodium α-naphthylacetate, 12 parts of sodium nitrophenolate and 8 parts of ternary compound, 2 parts of surfactant and 3 parts of microbial agent.

[0041] The amount of the above-mentioned synergist added to the phosphate fertilizer raw material is 0.2 kg / ton of fertilizer.

[0042] Second implementation mode: The present invention also discloses an application of a biochar-type phosphate fertilizer synergist suitable for flue-cured tobacco. The application of the biochar-type phosphate fertilizer synergist on flue-cured tobacco requires basic analysis of the soil before application to understand the pH value, organic matter content, nutrient status, etc. of the soil in order to determine a reasonable fertilization plan, and at the same time, select a suitable biochar-type phosphate fertilizer synergist according to soil conditions and the nutrient requirements of flue-cured tobacco. Before the biochar-type phosphate fertilizer synergist is applied to flue-cured tobacco, the synergist is mixed with base fertilizer and evenly spread on the soil, and then deep plowing or rotary tillage is performed to fully mix the synergist with the soil. During the growth period of flue-cured tobacco, the synergist is dissolved in water, and irrigation or drip irrigation is performed according to the growth status and nutrient requirements of the plants, and topdressing is performed in time.

[0043] Precautions for the application of bio-carbon type phosphate fertilizer synergist:

[0044] Follow the fertilization principles: During the fertilization process, the principle of "scientific and reasonable fertilization" should be followed to avoid excessive or insufficient fertilization that may have adverse effects on the growth of flue-cured tobacco;

[0045] Use with other fertilizers: Although bio-carbon phosphate fertilizer synergist can improve the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer, it cannot completely replace other fertilizers. Therefore, it should be used in combination with other fertilizers to meet the comprehensive nutrient needs of flue-cured tobacco.

[0046] Pay attention to the time of fertilization: Different growth stages have different requirements for nutrients. Therefore, when using enhancers, you should pay attention to the choice of fertilization time to ensure that nutrients can be supplied to the tobacco plants in a timely manner.

[0047] The third embodiment: The present invention studies the application of bio-carbon type phosphate fertilizer synergist on flue-cured tobacco based on multiple groups of different experiments.

[0048] According to the preparation of the above-mentioned biochar-type phosphate fertilizer synergist, bagasse biochar and humic acid are selected to form two different synergists with additives, and the application amounts of the two different synergists in the phosphate fertilizer raw materials are made consistent.

[0049] Experimental Materials

[0050] The tobacco variety tested was Yunyan 87, and the soil tested was the same. The test location was the solar greenhouse of the South China Seed Research Institute of Guangdong Academy of Sciences. Synergist 1 was biochar + additives, and synergist 2 was humic acid + additives.

[0051] The potted plant experiment was conducted in a solar greenhouse.

[0052] The test soil was air-dried and ground, 5 kg of dry soil was placed in each pot, and one tobacco seedling was transplanted. Seven experimental groups were set up: the CK group did not apply phosphorus fertilizer, the S group only applied superphosphate, the D group only applied diammonium phosphate, the SC group applied superphosphate + synergist 1, the DC group applied diammonium phosphate + synergist 1, the SH group applied superphosphate + synergist 2, and the DH group applied diammonium phosphate + synergist 2.

[0053] The effective phosphorus application rate of each experimental group was the same, which was 0.2g P2O5 per kilogram of soil, 0.5g per kilogram of soil for synergist 1, and 0.5g per kilogram of soil for synergist 2. Urea, potassium nitrate and potassium sulfate were used as nitrogen and potassium fertilizers, with an application rate of 0.4g N and 0.6g K2O per kilogram of soil. Phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer were used as base fertilizer and fully mixed with the soil before potting, which was repeated 3 times. Nitrogen fertilizer was dissolved in water and applied evenly in 5 times.

[0054] The experiment started with seedling raising on May 22, 2021, transplanting on July 22, topping at the first flowering, and harvesting all tobacco leaves according to their maturity starting on October 12, weighing and drying them. After all the tobacco leaves were harvested, the stems were collected, weighed and dried, and the soil was taken, air-dried, and ground for testing.

[0055] After topping, the number of leaves was counted, and the plant height and stem diameter were measured. After all tobacco leaves were harvested, the stems were collected, weighed, and dried to determine the dry weight. The soil was air-dried and ground for testing. The available phosphorus in the soil was extracted with NaHCO3 and determined using the molybdenum antimony colorimetric method. The total phosphorus in the plant samples was digested with H2SO4-H2O2, and the total phosphorus content was detected using a flow analyzer.

[0056] The experimental data were processed and plotted using Excel software, and SPSS19.0 was used to perform multiple comparisons (SSR) among the indicators using Duncan's new multiple range method.

[0057] Experimental results and analysis

[0058] Depend on Figure 1 As shown, the soil available phosphorus in SH group and SC group was significantly higher than that in S group and CK group, with SH group increasing by 42.39% and SC group increasing by 34.25% compared with S group; the soil available phosphorus in DH group and DC group was significantly higher than that in D group and CK group, with DH group increasing by 17.63% and DC group increasing by 22.95% compared with D group.

[0059] The effects of combined application of phosphate fertilizer and synergist on tobacco agronomic biomass and agronomic traits are shown in the following table:

[0060]

[0061] Note: Different letters in the table indicate significant differences in the data among treatments, p < 0.05, the same below.

[0062] Table 1 shows the effects of combined application of phosphorus fertilizer and synergist on agronomic biomass and agronomic traits of tobacco

[0063] As can be seen from the above table, the leaf fresh weight, leaf dry weight, stem dry weight and leaf number of SH group and SC group were significantly higher than those of S group and CK group; the leaf fresh weight of SH group was 43.4% higher than that of S group, and that of SC group was 45.61% higher than that of S group; the leaf fresh weight, leaf dry weight, stem dry weight and leaf number of DH group and DC group were significantly higher than those of D group and CK group; the leaf fresh weight of DH group was 11.62% higher than that of D group, and that of DC group was 13.79% higher than that of D group; except for CK group, the stem diameters of other groups were not significantly different and were significantly higher than those of CK group.

[0064] Depend on Figure 2 As shown, the phosphorus accumulation in leaves, stems and aboveground parts of SH and SC groups was significantly higher than that in CK and S groups. For leaf phosphorus accumulation, SH group increased by 27.42% compared with S group, and SC group increased by 26.69% compared with S group; for stem phosphorus accumulation, SH group increased by 38.53% compared with S group, and SC group increased by 38.53% compared with S group; for aboveground phosphorus accumulation, SH group increased by 27.93% compared with S group, and SC group increased by 30.1% compared with S group. The phosphorus accumulation in leaves, stems and aboveground parts of DH and DC groups was significantly higher than that in D and CK groups; among them, for leaf phosphorus accumulation, DH group increased by 19.01% compared with D group, and DC group increased by 28.57% compared with D group; for stem phosphorus accumulation, DH group increased by 33.39% compared with D group, and DC group increased by 27.42% compared with D group; for aboveground phosphorus accumulation, DH group increased by 23.23% compared with D group, and DC group increased by 28.23% compared with D group.

[0065] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0066] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A preparation method for a biocarbon-based phosphate fertilizer synergist suitable for flue-cured tobacco, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Raw material preparation: prepare a certain amount of biochar source, phosphate fertilizer raw materials and other additives; Step 2: Raw material processing: pre-processing the biological carbon source and phosphate fertilizer raw materials; Step 3: Mixing and reacting: mixing the biochar and phosphate fertilizer raw materials in a certain proportion, and adding an appropriate amount of additives for reaction; Step 4: Drying and molding: Dry the mixture after the reaction to remove excess water, and then make a synergist product suitable for use.

2. The preparation and application of a biocarbon-based phosphate fertilizer synergist suitable for flue-cured tobacco according to claim 1, characterized in that: The biochar sources are bagasse biochar and humic acid, the phosphate fertilizer raw materials are superphosphate and diammonium phosphate, and the additives are fixatives, water retaining agents and microbial agents.

3. The preparation and application of a bio-carbon type phosphate fertilizer synergist suitable for flue-cured tobacco according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixing agent comprises high-purity sodium α-naphthylacetate, sodium nitrophenolate and a ternary compound, the water retaining agent is a surfactant, and the microbial agent is Bacillus licheniformis and Burkholderia in a mass ratio of 1:

1.

4. The preparation and application of a biocarbon type phosphate fertilizer synergist suitable for flue-cured tobacco according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 2, the biological carbon source and the phosphate fertilizer raw material are crushed respectively, and then passed through a 1000-mesh sieve.

5. The preparation and application of a bio-carbon type phosphate fertilizer synergist suitable for flue-cured tobacco according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 3, the mixture is added to the pyrolysis furnace, nitrogen is introduced to exhaust the air in the pyrolysis furnace, the temperature of the pyrolysis furnace is set to 400° C., the heating rate is 20° C. / min, nitrogen is continuously introduced during the heating process, and the nitrogen flow rate is controlled at 3 L / h. After reaching 400° C., 400° C. is maintained for 30 minutes, and heating is stopped. When the temperature naturally cools down to 100° C., nitrogen is stopped, and the temperature is cooled to 25° C., and then additives are added, and the mixture is stirred evenly to obtain a reacted mixture.

6. The preparation and application of a bio-carbon type phosphate fertilizer synergist suitable for flue-cured tobacco according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 4, the mixture after the reaction is dried and then crushed, and then granulated by a granulator to obtain a granular synergist product, or sieved by a sieve to obtain a powdered synergist product.

7. An application of a bio-carbon type phosphate fertilizer synergist suitable for flue-cured tobacco, characterized in that: Application of the bio-carbon type phosphate fertilizer synergist on flue-cured tobacco.

8. The use of a bio-carbon type phosphate fertilizer synergist suitable for flue-cured tobacco according to claim 7, characterized in that: Before the application, a basic analysis of the soil is required to understand the soil pH value, organic matter content, nutrient status, etc., in order to determine a reasonable fertilization plan, and at the same time, select a suitable bio-carbon type phosphate fertilizer synergist based on soil conditions and the nutrient requirements of flue-cured tobacco.

9. The use of a bio-carbon type phosphate fertilizer synergist suitable for flue-cured tobacco according to claim 7, characterized in that: The bio-carbon type phosphorus fertilizer synergist is applied to the flue-cured tobacco before planting. The synergist is mixed with base fertilizer and evenly spread in the soil, and then deep plowing or rotary tillage is performed to fully mix the synergist with the soil.

10. The use of a bio-carbon type phosphate fertilizer synergist suitable for flue-cured tobacco according to claim 7, characterized in that: The bio-carbon type phosphorus fertilizer synergist is applied to the growth period of flue-cured tobacco. The synergist is dissolved in water, and watering or drip irrigation is performed according to the growth status and nutrient requirements of the plants, and topdressing is performed in due course.

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