Existing cavern compressed air energy storage physical model test system

Abstract

The invention relates to an existing cavern compressed air energy storage physical model test system, which comprises a physical model, a hydraulic loading system, an air circulation charging and discharging system and a monitoring system, and is characterized in that the physical model comprises a surrounding rock and an air storage part, the surrounding rock comprises an external rock block and an internal rock block, the internal rock block is provided with a hole, and the hole penetrates through the internal rock block along the axial direction of the internal rock block; one or more prefabricated cracks are formed in the wall of the hole, the outer rock block is arranged on the outer side of the inner rock block in a surrounding mode, at least part of the air storage part is arranged on the two sides of the inner rock block in the axial direction, and the air storage part can seal the hole; the hydraulic loading system can apply a load from an external rock block to an internal rock block to the physical model, and the air circulation inflation and deflation system can inflate and deflate the hole; the monitoring system comprises a monitoring instrument and a data acquisition system, the monitoring instrument can perform data monitoring on the physical model, and the data acquisition system is in data connection with the monitoring instrument and can perform data transmission and processing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of compressed air energy storage, and in particular to a physical model test system for an existing cavern compressed air energy storage. Background Art

[0002] Compressed air energy storage is a large-scale, long-term energy storage technology with great development potential, and large underground gas storage devices are an important part of it. In addition to newly built caverns, abandoned mines, hydropower caverns and other idle underground spaces can also be used as compressed air storage depots, which are green and environmentally friendly and avoid waste of resources. From existing caverns to compressed air storage depots, they still need to undergo transformation to ensure the sealing and stability of high-pressure gas storage. The characteristics of existing caverns are that the surrounding rock damage is inevitably generated during the excavation and forming stage; second, the excavation section of the cavern is generally arched. To ensure the sealing and stability of existing caverns when used as compressed air storage depots, taking reasonable and effective transformation measures has become the key to the utilization of existing caverns. Since there is no existing cavern compressed air energy storage power station that has been built and put into operation, it is impossible to provide relevant successful experience in transformation implementation. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out comparative studies under different sealing structure forms based on the arched section and existing damage characteristics of existing caverns to solve the transformation and application problems of existing caverns. Summary of the invention

[0003] An embodiment of the present application provides a physical model test system for compressed air energy storage in an existing cavern, which can simulate the operating performance of an existing cavern after being used as a compressed air storage.

[0004] The existing cavern compressed gas energy storage physical model test system provided in the embodiment of the present application comprises: a physical model, wherein the physical model comprises surrounding rock and a gas storage part, wherein the surrounding rock comprises an external rock block and an internal rock block, wherein the internal rock block has a hole, wherein the hole penetrates the internal rock block along the axial direction of the internal rock block, and wherein the hole wall is provided with one or more prefabricated cracks, wherein the external rock block is enclosed and arranged on the outside of the internal rock block, and the external rock block is closely fitted with the internal rock block to transfer the load, wherein the gas storage part is at least partially arranged on both sides of the internal rock block along the axial direction, and wherein the gas storage part can seal the hole;

[0005] A hydraulic loading system and an air circulation charging and discharging system, wherein the hydraulic loading system can apply a load from the external rock block to the internal rock block to the physical model, and the air circulation charging and discharging system can inflate and exhaust air into the hole;

[0006] A monitoring system, wherein the monitoring system comprises a monitoring instrument and a data acquisition system. The monitoring instrument can perform data monitoring on the physical model. The data acquisition system is data-connected to the monitoring instrument and can perform data transmission and processing.

[0007] In addition, the existing cavern compressed air energy storage physical model test system provided in the embodiment of the present application may also have the following additional technical features:

[0008] In an optional scheme, the air circulation and charging and discharging system includes an air supply pipeline and an exhaust pipeline, and the air supply pipeline and the exhaust pipeline are connected to the hole through a gas supply pipe column. The air supply pipeline can inject compressed air of preset temperature and pressure into the hole, and the exhaust pipeline can discharge the gas in the hole.

[0009] In an optional solution, the gas transmission pipeline includes a compressor, a heat exchanger, a first valve, a first flow meter and a pressure gauge connected by pipelines; the exhaust pipeline includes a second valve and a second flow meter connected by pipelines.

[0010] In an optional scheme, the surrounding rock also includes a sealing structure, which is arranged on the inner wall of the internal rock block. The sealing structure includes a sealing layer and a lining. The material of the sealing layer is at least one of steel lining, rubber, fiberglass and coating. The lining is located between the internal rock block and the sealing layer, and the lining is formed by concrete backfill.

[0011] In an optional scheme, the monitoring instrument includes a pressure monitor, a temperature monitor, a steel plate stress gauge, a lining strain gauge, a surrounding rock crack gauge and a surrounding rock strain gauge, the pressure monitor and the temperature monitor are located in the middle of the hole, the steel plate stress gauge is arranged on the outer wall of the sealing layer, the lining strain gauge is arranged inside the lining, the surrounding rock crack gauge is arranged at the prefabricated crack, the surrounding rock strain gauge is arranged around the external rock block, and the surrounding rock strain gauges are arranged and distributed at an angle of 45°.

[0012] In an optional solution, the shape of the external rock block is a cuboid with a square cross-section, the thickness of the external rock block is smaller than the side length of the square, and the cross-sectional shape of the hole is an arch; the shape of the sealing layer is an ellipse, a double circle or a city gate shape.

[0013] In an optional scheme, the physical model also includes a fixed plate, a loading plate and a load-bearing base, the fixed plate is arranged on the opposite side of the external rock block along a first direction, the first direction is the axial direction of the internal rock block, the load-bearing base is arranged at the bottom of the external rock block, and the fixed plate is fixedly connected to the load-bearing base; there are multiple loading plates, and the multiple loading plates are respectively arranged on the top of the external rock block and the outer wall of the external rock block adjacent to the fixed plate on one side, and the loading plate is directly or indirectly connected to the hydraulic loading system and bears the load.

[0014] In an optional scheme, the air storage part includes a sealing plug, a restraining disk and a rigid rod, the sealing plug is respectively sealed on both sides of the hole along the axial direction, the restraining disk is arranged on the side of the sealing plug that is opposite to each other, and the rigid rod passes through the hole and is connected to the sealing plugs and the restraining disk on both sides by bolts.

[0015] In an optional scheme, the fixing plate is provided with a through hole at a position corresponding to the hole, the sealing plug part passes through the through hole and seals the hole, a sealing ring is arranged between the sealing plug and the hole wall of the through hole, the restraint plate is located on the outer side of the fixing plate and abuts against the fixing plate; a triangular fixing seat is arranged between the load-bearing base and the fixing plate.

[0016] In an optional scheme, the hydraulic loading system includes a hydraulic head, a loading frame, a hydraulic power system and a computer; the hydraulic head is connected to the hydraulic power system and the computer through a line pipeline, one end of the hydraulic head abuts against the loading frame, and the other end abuts against the outer wall of the surrounding rock.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the embodiments of the present application are:

[0018] The existing cavern compressed air energy storage physical model test system can more realistically restore the characteristics of the existing cavern, simulate and record the operating performance of the existing cavern after being used as a compressed air storage, with a simple principle and convenient operation; the surrounding rock includes external rock blocks and internal rock blocks. The external rock blocks can be reused, and the internal rock blocks can be prepared through refinement, prefabricated cracks or pre-buried monitoring instruments, while meeting the reasonable mechanical boundaries, reducing the amount of model preparation engineering. And the comparative test can offset the inharmonious effects of the two surrounding rocks without affecting the evaluation of the scheme. In addition, the test system can also study the advantages and disadvantages of the existing cavern renovation measures by changing the sealing materials and structural forms, and realize the comparison and selection of the optimal renovation plan, thereby providing a basis for actual engineering.

[0019] It should be understood that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary only and are not restrictive of the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 The overall schematic diagram of the existing cavern compressed air energy storage physical model test system provided for this application;

[0021] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a physical model provided in this application in a specific embodiment;

[0022] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the arrangement of the monitoring instruments provided for this application within the physical model;

[0023] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the side view of the monitoring instrument layout.

[0024] Figure numerals: surrounding rock 1, external rock block 11, internal rock block 12, hole 13, sealing layer 14, lining 15, fixing plate 16, loading plate 17, load-bearing base 18, triangular fixing seat 19, air storage part 2, sealing plug 21, constraint plate 22, rigid rod 23, sealing ring 24, hydraulic loading system 3, hydraulic head 31, loading frame 32, hydraulic power system 33, computer 34, air circulation charging and discharging system 4, gas transmission pipe column 41, compressor 42, heat exchanger 43, first valve 44, first flow meter 45, pressure gauge 46, second valve 47, second flow meter 48, monitoring instrument 5, pressure monitoring gauge 51, temperature monitoring gauge 52, steel plate stress gauge 53, lining strain gauge 54, surrounding rock crack gauge 55, surrounding rock strain gauge 56, data acquisition system 6.

[0025] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] In order to better understand the technical solution of the present application, the embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0027] It should be clear that the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other technical solutions obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0028] The terms used in the embodiments of the present application are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments, and are not intended to limit the present application. The singular forms "a", "said" and "the" used in the embodiments of the present application and the appended claims are also intended to include plural forms, unless the context clearly indicates other meanings.

[0029] It should be understood that the term "and / or" used in this article is only a description of the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, A and / or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone. In addition, the character " / " in this article generally indicates that the associated objects before and after are in an "or" relationship.

[0030] It should be noted that the directional words such as "upper", "lower", "left", and "right" described in the embodiments of the present application are described at the angles shown in the accompanying drawings and should not be understood as limiting the embodiments of the present application. In addition, in the context, it is also necessary to understand that when it is mentioned that an element is connected to another element "upper" or "lower", it can not only be directly connected to another element "upper" or "lower", but also indirectly connected to another element "upper" or "lower" through an intermediate element.

[0031] like Figure 1-4 As shown, an embodiment of the present application provides an existing cavern compressed air energy storage physical model test system, which includes a physical model, a hydraulic loading system 3, an air circulation charging and discharging system 4 and a monitoring system. Among them, the physical model includes surrounding rock 1 and air storage part 2, the surrounding rock 1 includes external rock block 11 and internal rock block 12, the internal rock block 12 has a hole 13, the hole 13 penetrates the internal rock block 12 along the axial direction of the internal rock block 12, and the hole 13 wall is provided with one or more prefabricated cracks, the external rock block 11 is enclosed and arranged on the outside of the internal rock block 12, and the external rock block 11 and the internal rock block 12 are tightly fitted to transfer the load, the air storage part 2 is at least partially arranged on both sides of the internal rock block 12 along the axial direction, and the air storage part 2 can seal the hole 13; the hydraulic loading system 3 can apply a load from the external rock block 11 to the internal rock block 12 to the physical model, and the air circulation charging and discharging system 4 can inflate and exhaust air into the hole 13; the monitoring system includes a monitoring instrument 5 and a data acquisition system 6, the monitoring instrument 5 can monitor the data of the physical model, and the data acquisition system 6 is data connected with the monitoring instrument 5 and can transmit and process data.

[0032] In this embodiment, the existing cave compressed air energy storage physical model test system can more realistically restore the characteristics of the existing cave, simulate and record the operating performance of the existing cave after being used as a compressed air storage, with a simple principle and convenient operation; the surrounding rock 1 includes an external rock block 11 and an internal rock block 12. The external rock block 11 can be reused, and the internal rock block 12 can be prepared through refinement, and cracks can be prefabricated or monitoring instruments 5 can be pre-buried, which reduces the amount of model preparation engineering while meeting reasonable mechanical boundaries. In addition, the comparative test can offset the inharmonious effects of the two surrounding rocks 1 without affecting the evaluation of the scheme, that is, it can carry out tests under multiple surrounding rocks 1 and multiple sealing schemes to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of different existing cave transformation schemes.

[0033] like Figure 1-2As shown, in a specific embodiment, the air circulation charging and discharging system 4 includes a gas pipeline and an exhaust pipeline, which are connected to the hole 13 through a gas pipeline column 41. The gas pipeline can inject compressed air of preset temperature and pressure into the hole 13, and the exhaust pipeline can discharge the gas in the hole 13. Specifically, the gas pipeline includes a compressor 42, a heat exchanger 43, a first valve 44, a first flow meter 45 and a pressure gauge 46 connected by pipelines; the exhaust pipeline includes a second valve 47 and a second flow meter 48 connected by pipelines. The air in the gas pipeline forms compressed air of a certain temperature and pressure after passing through the compressor 42 and the heat exchanger 43, which is switched on and off and flow controlled by the first valve 44, and the first flow meter 45 and the pressure gauge 46 monitor the injected air flow and pressure data, and then enters the hole 13 through the gas pipeline column 41. One end of the outlet pipeline is connected to the gas pipeline column 41, and the other end is connected to the outside world. The switch is controlled by the second valve 47, and the second flow meter 48 monitors the rate.

[0034] like Figure 2-4 As shown, in a specific embodiment, the surrounding rock 1 also includes a sealing structure, which is arranged on the inner wall of the internal rock block 12. The sealing structure includes a sealing layer 14 and a lining 15. The material of the sealing layer 14 is at least one of a steel lining, rubber, fiberglass and a coating. The lining 15 is located between the internal rock block 12 and the sealing layer 14, and the lining 15 is formed by backfilling concrete. When conducting experiments, the advantages and disadvantages of existing cavern renovation measures can be studied by changing the sealing materials and structural forms, and the optimal renovation plan can be compared and selected, thereby providing a basis for actual engineering.

[0035] like Figure 3-4 As shown, in a specific embodiment, the monitoring instrument 5 includes a pressure monitoring meter 51, a temperature monitoring meter 52, a steel plate stress gauge 53, a lining strain gauge 54, a surrounding rock crack gauge 55 and a surrounding rock strain gauge 56. The pressure monitoring meter 51 and the temperature monitoring meter 52 are located in the middle of the hole 13, the steel plate stress gauge 53 is arranged on the outer wall of the sealing layer 14, the lining strain gauge 54 is arranged inside the lining 15, the surrounding rock crack gauge 55 is arranged at the prefabricated crack, and the surrounding rock strain gauge 56 is arranged around the external rock block 11, and the surrounding rock strain gauges 56 are arranged at a 45° angle. The entire monitoring instrument 5 is roughly arranged at the cross section of the thickness of the surrounding rock 1, where the cross-sectional effect is the weakest and can best simulate the plane strain state.

[0036] like Figure 1-4 As shown, in a specific embodiment, the shape of the external rock block 11 is a rectangular parallelepiped, and its cross-section is a square, and the thickness of the external rock block 11 is less than the side length of the square, and the cross-sectional shape of the hole 13 is an arch; the shape of the sealing layer 14 is an ellipse, a double circle or a gate hole, and the lining 15 is formed by backfilling concrete according to the shape of the sealing layer 14, and fits the hole wall and the sealing layer 14.

[0037] like Figure 1-2 As shown, in a specific embodiment, the physical model also includes a fixed plate 16, a loading plate 17 and a load-bearing base 18. The fixed plate 16 is arranged on the opposite side of the external rock block 11 along the first direction, and the first direction is the axial direction of the internal rock block 12. The load-bearing base 18 is arranged at the bottom of the external rock block 11, and the fixed plate 16 is fixedly connected to the load-bearing base 18; there are multiple loading plates 17, and the multiple loading plates 17 are respectively arranged on the top of the external rock block 11 and the outer wall of the external rock block 11 adjacent to the fixed plate 16. The loading plate 17 is directly or indirectly connected to the hydraulic loading system 3 and bears the load.

[0038] like Figure 1 As shown, in a specific embodiment, the hydraulic loading system 3 includes a hydraulic head 31, a loading frame 32, a hydraulic power system 33 and a computer 34; the hydraulic head 31 is connected to the hydraulic power system 33 and the computer 34 through a line pipeline, one end of the hydraulic head 31 abuts against the loading frame 32, and the other end abuts against the outer wall of the surrounding rock 1. Specifically, the hydraulic head 31 is distributed on the top and both sides of the physical model, one end is connected to the loading frame 32, and the other end can be retracted to press against the loading plate 17 to apply pressure. The side pressure is applied on both sides, and the pressure of the overlying rock and soil layer is applied on the top. The hydraulic head 31 and the loading frame 32 are connected to the hydraulic power system 33 and the computer 34 through a line pipeline to implement and control the pressure loading.

[0039] like Figure 2 As shown, in a specific embodiment, the air storage part 2 includes a sealing plug 21, a restraining disk 22 and a rigid rod 23. The sealing plugs are respectively sealed on both sides of the hole 13 along the axial direction, and the restraining disk 22 is arranged on the side of the sealing plug that is opposite to each other. The rigid rod 23 passes through the hole 13 and is connected to the sealing plugs and the restraining disk 22 on both sides by bolts.

[0040] like Figure 2 As shown, in a specific embodiment, a through hole is opened in the fixed plate 16 at the position corresponding to the hole 13, the sealing plug part passes through the through hole and seals the hole 13, a sealing ring 24 is arranged between the sealing plug and the hole wall of the through hole, the restraining plate 22 is located on the outer side of the fixed plate 16 and abuts against the fixed plate 16; a triangular fixing seat 19 is arranged between the load-bearing base 18 and the fixed plate 16.

[0041] When preparing the test model, the outer rock block 11 is kept in long-term use, and the inner rock block 12 is cast according to the proportion of different rock characteristics. During casting, holes 13 are reserved through the mold, and damaged cracks are formed on the wall of the cave through the partition to form the inner surrounding rock 1. According to the set sealing layer 14 material and shape scheme (for example, an elliptical steel lining), after the elliptical steel lining is made, it is placed in the fixed position of the mold, and then poured and backfilled around to form a concrete lining 15. In the process of making the gas storage reservoir model, the monitoring instruments 5 in the surrounding rock 1 and the lining 15 are pre-embedded, and the model and monitoring arrangement are completed together. The completed surrounding rock 1 model is placed vertically, and the fixing plate 16 is installed on the front and rear square surfaces, embedded in the base and fixed with a triangular seat. The sealing plug 21, the constraint plate 22 and the rigid rod 23 are installed at both ends of the hole 13 in sequence, and locked with bolts to form a sealed gas storage reservoir model.

[0042] By installing the loading plate 17 and connecting the relevant circuits of the hydraulic loading system 3, the air charging and discharging system, etc., a cyclic charging and discharging test can be carried out. During the test, relevant data such as temperature and pressure changes and deformation of the surrounding rock 1 are monitored. The above is a simulation test of compressed air energy storage under one scheme. When conducting comparative tests on different sealing structures, it is necessary to make models of multiple internal rock blocks 12, cast the lining 15 according to different sealing materials and forms, and then carry out tests to obtain monitoring data. By comparing and analyzing the monitoring data under multiple schemes, the feasibility of the scheme can be evaluated.

[0043] For example, it is planned to carry out a comparative test of compressed air energy storage in an existing cavern under two different sealing forms. The external rock block 11 of the test model is a complete hard rock with a front side length of 1m and a thickness of 0.3m. The center reserves a position for an internal rock block 12 with a side length of 0.6m. The internal rock block 12 is cast by a mold. The casting materials should pay attention to the similar proportion to achieve the set surrounding rock 1 performance. Different surrounding rocks 1 can be cast with different material proportions. The existing cavern position is reserved in the center of the cast rock block, and prefabricated cracks are formed around the cave wall during casting. The cast strength monitoring instrument 5 has been pre-embedded. The cross-section of the existing cavern is a gate arch, 0.25m wide and 0.35m high. The radius of the semicircular arch is 0.1m, and the cavern is also 0.3m in thickness. The sealing layer 14 material is 500MPa steel lining, the thickness of the steel lining is 1mm, and two sealing structure forms of elliptical and gate cavern are designed. In both sealing forms, the minimum distance between the steel lining and the cave wall remains consistent.

[0044] After setting the size of the steel lining and the lining 15, the model is made. The steel lining is first welded and formed, and placed at the fixed position of the internal rock block 12 and the mold. Then concrete is poured in the gap between the steel lining and the cave wall to form the lining 15. The test model is made. The test model is vertically hoisted and placed on the model base. The front and rear fixing plates 16 and the triangular fixing seat 19 are installed. The hydraulic loading system 3 is moved to the model, and the hydraulic head 31 is pressed against the center of the loading plate 17.

[0045] Install the sealing plug 21, the restraining plate 22, the rigid rod 23 equipped with the temperature rack and the pressure gauge, etc. of the gas storage part 2, and lock them with bolts to form a sealed chamber. Only one gas pipe column 41 is led outward. The gas pipe column 41 is connected to the air inlet and outlet pipes of the air loading system. The air inlet and outlet are controlled by valves. Install the monitoring system, connect the relevant circuits, and complete the test preparation work.

[0046] When conducting comparative tests under two sealing forms, the same intake temperature, pressure, rate and time are used, and the working conditions are kept constant during deflation. The monitoring data of the gas storage reservoir is recorded during 20 cycles of charging and discharging. By comparing the changes in pressure and temperature in the cavity, the difference in gas storage performance under the two schemes is evaluated. By comparing the stress and strain of the steel lining, lining 15, and surrounding rock 1, the advantages and disadvantages of the mechanical properties under the two sealing forms are evaluated. The above is only a comparative test proposed by the test system of the present invention. In addition, comparative tests of changing the sealing material, surrounding rock 1 parameters, etc. can be performed.

[0047] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. An existing cavern compressed air energy storage physical model test system, characterized in that: include: A physical model, wherein the physical model comprises a surrounding rock and a gas storage part, wherein the surrounding rock comprises an outer rock block and an inner rock block, wherein the inner rock block has a hole, wherein the hole penetrates the inner rock block along the axial direction of the inner rock block, and wherein the hole wall is provided with one or more prefabricated cracks, wherein the outer rock block is enclosed and arranged outside the inner rock block, and the outer rock block and the inner rock block are closely fitted to transfer the load, and wherein the gas storage part is at least partially arranged on both sides of the inner rock block along the axial direction, and wherein the gas storage part is capable of sealing the hole; A hydraulic loading system and an air circulation charging and discharging system, wherein the hydraulic loading system can apply a load from the external rock block to the internal rock block to the physical model, and the air circulation charging and discharging system can inflate and exhaust air into the hole; The monitoring system includes a monitoring instrument and a data acquisition system. The monitoring instrument can perform data monitoring on the physical model. The data acquisition system is connected to the monitoring instrument and can transmit and process data.

2. The existing cavern compressed air energy storage physical model test system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The air circulation charging and discharging system includes an air supply pipeline and an exhaust pipeline, and the air supply pipeline and the exhaust pipeline are connected to the hole through an air supply pipe column. The air supply pipeline can inject compressed air of preset temperature and pressure into the hole, and the exhaust pipeline can discharge the gas in the hole.

3. The existing cavern compressed air energy storage physical model test system according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The gas transmission pipeline includes a compressor, a heat exchanger, a first valve, a first flow meter and a pressure gauge connected by pipelines; the exhaust pipeline includes a second valve and a second flow meter connected by pipelines.

4. The existing cavern compressed air energy storage physical model test system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The surrounding rock also includes a sealing structure, which is arranged on the inner wall of the internal rock block. The sealing structure includes a sealing layer and a lining. The material of the sealing layer is at least one of steel lining, rubber, fiberglass and coating. The lining is located between the internal rock block and the sealing layer, and the lining is formed by concrete backfill.

5. The existing cavern compressed air energy storage physical model test system according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The monitoring instrument includes a pressure monitor, a temperature monitor, a steel plate stress gauge, a lining strain gauge, a surrounding rock crack gauge and a surrounding rock strain gauge. The pressure monitor and the temperature monitor are located in the middle of the hole, the steel plate stress gauge is arranged on the outer wall of the sealing layer, the lining strain gauge is arranged inside the lining, the surrounding rock crack gauge is arranged at the prefabricated crack, the surrounding rock strain gauge is arranged around the external rock block, and the surrounding rock strain gauges are arranged and distributed at an angle of 45°.

6. The existing cavern compressed air energy storage physical model test system according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The shape of the external rock block is a cuboid, and its cross section is a square. The thickness of the external rock block is smaller than the side length of the square. The cross-sectional shape of the hole is an arch. The shape of the sealing layer is an ellipse, a double circle or a gate hole.

7. The existing cavern compressed air energy storage physical model test system according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The physical model also includes a fixed plate, a loading plate and a load-bearing base, wherein the fixed plate is arranged on the opposite side of the external rock block along a first direction, wherein the first direction is the axial direction of the internal rock block, and the load-bearing base is arranged at the bottom of the external rock block, and the fixed plate is fixedly connected to the load-bearing base; there are multiple loading plates, and the multiple loading plates are respectively arranged on the top of the external rock block and the outer wall of the external rock block adjacent to the fixed plate on one side, and the loading plate is directly or indirectly connected to the hydraulic loading system and bears the load.

8. The existing cavern compressed air energy storage physical model test system according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The air storage part includes a sealing plug, a restraining disk and a rigid rod. The sealing plug is respectively sealed on both sides of the hole along the axial direction, the restraining disk is arranged on the side of the sealing plug that is away from each other, and the rigid rod passes through the hole and is connected to the sealing plugs and the restraining disk on both sides by bolts.

9. The existing cavern compressed air energy storage physical model test system according to claim 8 is characterized in that: The fixing plate is provided with a through hole at a position corresponding to the hole, the sealing plug part passes through the through hole and seals the hole, a sealing ring is provided between the sealing plug and the hole wall of the through hole, the restraining disk is located on the outer side of the fixing plate and abuts against the fixing plate; a triangular fixing seat is provided between the load-bearing base and the fixing plate.

10. The existing cavern compressed air energy storage physical model test system according to any one of claims 1-3 or 5-9, characterized in that: The hydraulic loading system includes a hydraulic head, a loading frame, a hydraulic power system and a computer; the hydraulic head is connected to the hydraulic power system and the computer through line pipelines, one end of the hydraulic head abuts against the loading frame, and the other end abuts against the outer wall of the surrounding rock.

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