Organic hazardous waste treatment method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of hazardous waste treatment, and particularly relates to a treatment method of organic hazardous waste. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, preparing a core-shell structure energetic material which contains the organic hazardous wastes or reaction products thereof and consists of a core and a shell; and secondly, combusting the obtained core-shell structure material in a closed or open space. The preparation method of the core-shell structure energetic material comprises the following steps: pretreating organic hazardous wastes to obtain solid powder; mixing the solid powder with an additive in proportion to prepare an inner core of the energetic material with the core-shell structure; mixing an oxidizing agent, a reducing agent and other energetic materials to prepare a shell of the energetic material with the core-shell structure; and finally, coating the inner core with the shell to obtain the core-shell structure energetic material. The organic hazardous waste can be treated without traditional incineration equipment, no organic matter residues exist in combustion products, the treatment effect is good, the process is short, and the cost is low.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of hazardous waste treatment, and in particular to a method for treating organic hazardous waste. Background Art

[0002] The amount of organic hazardous waste generated has been increasing with the rapid development of industry. Organic hazardous waste comes from a wide range of sources. For example, many industries such as chemical, pharmaceutical, printing and dyeing, and electronics will produce waste containing organic components and have one or more hazardous characteristics such as toxicity, corrosiveness, flammability, reactivity or infectivity during the production process. If it is not handled properly, discharged at will or simply landfilled, it will cause extremely serious pollution to environmental elements such as soil, water, and atmosphere. The toxic and harmful substances contained will penetrate into the soil, destroy the soil structure and ecology, and affect the growth of surrounding vegetation; if it flows into the water body, it will endanger the survival of aquatic organisms and thus affect the entire aquatic ecosystem; it will volatilize into the atmosphere to form harmful gases, threatening human respiratory health and exacerbating environmental problems such as the greenhouse effect. Incineration treatment technology plays an important role in the field of organic hazardous waste disposal and is one of the commonly used key technical means for harmless and reduced treatment of organic hazardous waste. The principle is that organic matter can react violently with oxygen under high temperature conditions to achieve the decomposition and oxidation of organic matter, and finally convert it into harmless substances such as carbon dioxide, water, and a small amount of solid residue. By designing a reasonable incineration system and controlling key parameters such as incineration temperature, residence time, and turbulence level, the harmful components in organic hazardous waste can be efficiently destroyed and the risk of harm to the environment can be greatly reduced.

[0003] However, the traditional incineration treatment method has many problems in practical application: First, during the incineration process, even if there is a relatively complete tail gas treatment system, persistent organic pollutants such as dioxins may still be produced. Second, incineration treatment requires professional and complex equipment, from the feeding device to the incinerator body, to the subsequent flue gas purification, residue treatment and other supporting facilities, and the construction cost is high. Moreover, the equipment also consumes a lot of energy during operation, such as electricity and fuel, which makes the operating cost high and increases the economic burden of treating organic hazardous waste. Third, the composition of organic hazardous waste is often complex and changeable, and the characteristics of different wastes vary greatly. It is difficult to accurately control the various parameters of incineration, such as temperature, air volume, residence time, etc. If the parameters are not well controlled, it is easy to incinerate insufficiently, resulting in incomplete decomposition of some organic pollutants. The residual harmful substances will be discharged with the tail gas or mixed in the residue, which will still pollute the environment. Fourth, after the incineration method decomposes organic waste into gaseous products, it can only achieve heat recovery to a certain extent, and the resource utilization value is low. Therefore, a simple, efficient, energy-saving, environmentally friendly, and cost-controlled method for treating organic hazardous waste is needed to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the defects or shortcomings of the existing incineration treatment technology, the present invention provides a method for treating organic hazardous wastes, comprising the following steps: (1) Preparing solid powder containing organic hazardous waste or its reaction products as core material; (2) Preparation of high-performance composite energetic material solid powder as shell material; (3) coating the core material obtained in step (1) with the shell material obtained in step (2) to obtain a core-shell structure energetic material; (4) Burning the core-shell structure energetic material obtained in step (3) in a closed or open space.

[0005] The organic hazardous waste is one or more of solid, liquid or solid-liquid mixed medical waste, pesticide waste, waste organic solvents and waste containing organic solvents, polychlorinated biphenyls waste, distillation residues, rectification residues, and waste containing organic halides; the calorific value of the core-shell structure energetic material is greater than 800 J / g, and the burning rate is greater than 0.01 m / s; the ignition method of the combustion is one or more of heat source ignition, electrical ignition, chemical ignition, and light ignition; the shell material contains one or more of single-base explosives, composite explosives, pyrotechnic agents, oxidants, and reducing agents; the reducing agent is one or more of carbon powder, active metal powder, and high calorific value organic matter; the shell material is coated on the core material in the form of full coating, semi-coating, point coating, partial coating, multi-layer coating, and composite coating; the oxidant is one or more of nitrates, perchlorates, chlorates, peroxides, dichromates, perchloric acid, and peroxyacids.

[0006] Beneficial Effects of the Invention

[0007] Compared with the existing incineration treatment technology, the present invention can treat organic hazardous waste without traditional incineration equipment; since the oxidant is in even and close contact with the organic matter, a large amount of heat is released during the combustion process, the local temperature is high, and the oxidation decomposition is rapid and thorough, so it has a good treatment effect; the present invention has a short process flow, low energy consumption and cost, and significant economic and environmental benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0008] Figure 1 It is a process flow chart of the present invention.

[0009] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the state where the shell covers the core.

[0010] Figure 3 The components and contents of the smoke products after igniting the core-shell structure energetic material in Example 1.

[0011] Figure 4The components and contents of the ash products after ignition of the core-shell structure energetic material in Example 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0012] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a method for treating organic hazardous wastes first uses organic hazardous wastes and additives to prepare an inner core, obtains an outer shell powder from an oxidant and a reductant, and then forms a core-shell structure energetic material through coating, and finally ignites the prepared core-shell structure energetic material to treat the organic hazardous wastes.

[0013] The specific preparation process steps are as follows:

[0014] (1) Pre-treating organic hazardous waste to obtain solid granular powder;

[0015] (2) fully mixing the obtained solid powder with additives in proportion to obtain a mixture;

[0016] (3) granulating the mixture to obtain particles with uniform particle size as the core of the core-shell structure;

[0017] (4) preparing outer shell mixed powder;

[0018] (5) placing the inner core into a coating device and mixing it with the outer shell mixed powder;

[0019] (6) Setting the coating time so that the mixed powder is fully coated on the surface of the core to obtain a high-performance fuel with a core-shell structure;

[0020] (7) Ignite the prepared core-shell structure energetic materials to treat organic hazardous waste.

[0021] Organic hazardous wastes are one or more of solid, liquid or solid-liquid mixed medical wastes, pesticide wastes, waste organic solvents and wastes containing organic solvents, polychlorinated biphenyl wastes, distillation residues, and wastes containing organic halides; the pretreatment requires the addition of auxiliary materials and is carried out under a crushing device, and the auxiliary materials include: one or more of carbon powder, sawdust, charcoal, and coal.

[0022] The particle size of the mixture is 60-10000 mesh; the additives can be selectively added according to different uses, such as one or more of an oxidant, a reducing agent, an adsorbent, and a binder; the oxidant is one or more of nitrates, perchlorates, chlorates, peroxides, dichromates, perchloric acid, peroxyacids and other composite oxidants; the reducing agent is one or more of organic hazardous wastes and reaction products thereof, metal powders, non-metallic materials, high-energy materials and other compounds.

[0023] The granulation particle size is ≥0.1mm, the outer shell powder can be obtained by physically mixing one or more strong oxidants and one or more reducing agents in a certain proportion, and the mixing ratio range is 7:1-1:1; the controlled coating time is ≥3min, and the coating equipment speed is set to 100-2000r / min; the mass percentage of the outer shell mixed powder and the inner core is 5%-20%.

[0024] The coating method may be one or more of physical coating, chemical coating, heat treatment coating, and electrostatic coating, wherein the coating type may be one or more of full coating, half coating, point coating, local coating, multi-layer coating, and composite coating; the ignition method may be one or more of heat source ignition, electric ignition, chemical ignition, and light ignition.

[0025] Example 1

[0026] In one embodiment, a method for treating organic hazardous waste is provided, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0027] Take 50 parts of liquid organic hazardous waste (pesticide distillation residue) and add it to the liquid made of 100 parts of white sugar, stir and heat it in an air atmosphere for 185 。 C for 20 minutes, and then cooled to obtain a mixture 1;

[0028] The mixture 1 and 10 parts of aluminum-silver alloy powder are conveyed into a pulverizer together;

[0029] Set the output parameter of the pulverizer to 200 mesh, turn on the power to pulverize, and fully mix and stir to obtain mixture 2;

[0030] Select potassium perchlorate as an oxidant, mix mixture 2 with 50 parts of potassium perchlorate to obtain mixture 3;

[0031] Turn on the granulator power supply, set the granulation diameter to 3 mm, adjust the strip output speed and granulation speed to match, input the mixture 3 into the granulator feed port, turn on the granulation switch, and collect particles with uniform particle size at the discharge port as the core of the core-shell structure;

[0032] Weigh 10 parts of carbon powder, 65 parts of potassium perchlorate, 20 parts of potassium hydrogen phthalate, and 5 parts of aluminum-silver alloy powder, and grind them separately, sieve them through a 200-mesh sieve, and physically mix the above four ingredients to obtain an outer shell mixed powder;

[0033] Add 30 parts of the outer shell mixed powder into the coating cavity, then pour the granulated particles into the coating cavity, turn on the coating rotating ball, set the speed to 1000r / min, and set the coating time to 10min;

[0034] During coating, the outer shell mixed powder can be added as appropriate, and the binder can be sprayed in small amounts continuously to promote high-performance coating effects;

[0035] Open the coating machine outlet to collect the finished product;

[0036] A heat source is used to ignite the core-shell structure energetic material.

[0037] Example 2

[0038] In one embodiment, a method for treating organic hazardous waste is provided, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0039] Make caramel out of 200 portions of fructose and set aside;

[0040] 100 parts of liquid organic hazardous waste, 200 parts of caramel, and 50 parts of magnesium-aluminum alloy powder were conveyed into a pulverizer;

[0041] Set the output parameter of the pulverizer to 400 mesh, turn on the power to pulverize, and fully mix and stir to obtain a mixture 1;

[0042] Select potassium chlorate as an oxidant, mix mixture 1 with 100 parts of potassium chlorate to obtain mixture 2;

[0043] Turn on the granulator power supply, set the granulation diameter to 2 mm, adjust the strip output speed and granulation speed to match, input the mixture 2 into the granulator feed port, turn on the granulation switch, and collect particles with uniform particle size at the discharge port as the core of the core-shell structure;

[0044] Weigh 10 parts of aluminum powder, 65 parts of potassium nitrate, 15 parts of sulfur, and 10 parts of perlite, and grind them separately, sieve them through a 400-mesh sieve, and physically mix the above four ingredients to obtain an outer shell mixed powder;

[0045] Place 50 parts of the outer shell mixed powder and 20 parts of the core of the core-shell structure into the coating chamber of the coating machine, turn on the coating rotating ball, set the speed to 800r / min, and set the coating time to 20min;

[0046] During coating, the outer shell mixed powder can be added as appropriate, and the binder can be sprayed in small amounts continuously to promote high-performance coating effects;

[0047] Open the coating machine outlet to collect the finished product;

[0048] The core-shell structure energetic material is electrically ignited.

[0049] Example 3

[0050] In one embodiment, a method for treating organic hazardous waste is provided, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0051] Take 50 parts of solid organic hazardous waste (pesticide filtration residue) and add it to a liquid made of 100 parts of sucrose, stir and heat it in an air atmosphere for 205 。 C for 30 minutes, and then cooled to obtain a mixture 1;

[0052] Mixture 1 and 20 parts of sulfur powder are conveyed to the feed port of the pulverizer;

[0053] Set the output parameter of the pulverizer to 500 mesh, turn on the power to pulverize, and mix and stir thoroughly to obtain mixture 2;

[0054] Select potassium nitrate as an oxidant, mix mixture 2 with 50 parts of potassium nitrate to obtain mixture 3;

[0055] Turn on the granulator power supply, set the granulation diameter to 5 mm, adjust the strip output speed and granulation speed to match, input the mixture 3 into the granulator feed port, turn on the granulation switch, and collect particles with uniform particle size at the discharge port as the core of the core-shell structure;

[0056] Weigh 20 parts of barium nitrate, 40 parts of potassium perchlorate, 5 parts of sulfur, 10 parts of titanium metal powder, 20 parts of silicon dioxide, and 5 parts of sodium tartrate, and grind them separately, sieve them through a 400-mesh sieve, and physically mix the above six ingredients to obtain an outer shell mixed powder;

[0057] Add 20 parts of the outer shell mixed powder into the coating cavity, then pour the granulated particles into the coating cavity, turn on the coating rotating ball, set the speed to 600r / min, and the coating time to 30min;

[0058] During coating, the outer shell mixed powder can be added as appropriate, and the binder can be sprayed in small amounts continuously to promote high-performance coating effects;

[0059] Open the coating machine outlet to collect the finished product;

[0060] Chemical ignition of core-shell structure energetic materials is used.

[0061] Example 4

[0062] In one embodiment, a method for treating organic hazardous waste is provided, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0063] Glucose and carbon powder are selected as reducing agents, 100 parts of glucose and 100 parts of liquid organic hazardous waste are fully mixed and stirred at room temperature, and then taken out for later use to obtain a mixture 1;

[0064] Mixture 1 and 10 parts of carbon powder are conveyed to the feed port of the pulverizer together;

[0065] Set the output parameter of the pulverizer to 600 mesh, turn on the power to pulverize, and mix and stir thoroughly to obtain mixture 2;

[0066] Selecting barium nitrate as an oxidant, the mixture 2 is mixed with 50 parts of barium nitrate to obtain a mixture 3;

[0067] Turn on the granulator power supply, set the granulation diameter to 3 mm, adjust the strip output speed and granulation speed to match, input the mixture 3 into the granulator feed port, turn on the granulation switch, and collect particles with uniform particle size at the discharge port as the core of the core-shell structure;

[0068] Weigh 10 parts of carbon powder, 65 parts of potassium chlorate, 20 parts of potassium hydrogen phthalate, and 5 parts of iron metal powder, and grind them separately, sieve them through a 300-mesh sieve, and physically mix the above four ingredients to obtain an outer shell mixed powder;

[0069] Add 30 parts of the outer shell mixed powder into the coating cavity, then pour the granulated particles into the coating cavity, turn on the coating rotating ball, set the speed to 1400r / min, and set the coating time to 15min;

[0070] During coating, the outer shell mixed powder can be added as appropriate, and the binder can be sprayed in small amounts continuously to promote high-performance coating effects;

[0071] Open the coating machine outlet to collect the finished product;

[0072] Use light to ignite core-shell structure energetic materials.

Claims

1. A method for treating organic hazardous waste, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Preparing solid powder containing organic hazardous waste or its reaction products as core material; (2) Preparation of high-performance composite energetic material solid powder as shell material; (3) coating the core material obtained in step (1) with the shell material obtained in step (2) to obtain a core-shell structure energetic material; (4) Burning the core-shell structure energetic material obtained in step (3) in a closed or open space.

2. The method for treating organic hazardous waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The organic hazardous waste is one or more of solid, liquid or solid-liquid mixed medical waste, pesticide waste, waste organic solvents and waste containing organic solvents, polychlorinated biphenyls waste, distillation residues, rectification residues, and waste containing organic halides.

3. The method for treating organic hazardous waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The calorific value of the core-shell structure energetic material is greater than 800 J / g, and the burning speed is greater than 0.01 m / s.

4. The method for treating organic hazardous waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The combustion is ignited in one or more of heat source ignition, electrical ignition, chemical ignition, and light ignition.

5. The method for treating organic hazardous waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shell material contains one or more of single-base explosives, composite explosives, pyrotechnic agents, oxidants, and reducing agents.

6. The method for treating organic hazardous waste according to claim 5, characterized in that: The reducing agent is one or more of carbon powder, active metal powder and high calorific value organic matter.

7. The method for treating organic hazardous waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shell material covers the core material in one or more of the following forms: full covering, half covering, point covering, partial covering, multi-layer covering and composite covering.

8. The method for treating organic hazardous waste according to claim 5, characterized in that: The oxidant is one or more of nitrates, perchlorates, chlorates, peroxides, dichromates, perchloric acids, and peroxyacids.

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