Biological organic fertilizer preparation process based on microbial fermentation technology

Abstract

The invention provides a bio-organic fertilizer preparation process based on a microbial fermentation technology, and relates to the technical field of organic fertilizer preparation, the process comprises the following steps: S1, raw material preparation: selecting different types of animal and plant wastes as organic raw materials, and pre-treating to adjust the physical properties of the organic raw materials so as to facilitate subsequent fermentation; s2, proportioning and adjusting: adjusting the carbon nitrogen ratio of the raw materials according to the characteristics of the raw materials, in the invention, through reasonable pretreatment of the raw materials and accurate adjustment of the carbon nitrogen ratio, the fermentation environment is improved, the degradation efficiency of microorganisms on organic matters is significantly improved, in the pretreatment step, by adjusting the physical properties of the raw materials, the contact area of the microorganisms and the organic matters is increased, and the degradation efficiency of the microorganisms on the organic matters is improved; the carbon-nitrogen ratio control during proportioning enables microorganisms to perform metabolic reaction more efficiently, the problem of nutrition imbalance in the fermentation process is reduced, the stability of the fermentation process is ensured by the optimization, and the overall quality of the organic fertilizer is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of organic fertilizer preparation, and in particular to a biological organic fertilizer preparation process based on microbial fermentation technology. Background Art

[0002] In the traditional preparation process of bio-organic fertilizer, natural composting or simple fermentation methods are usually used. These processes rely on natural conditions, such as changes in temperature, humidity and oxygen supply. The process of microbial degradation of organic matter is relatively slow, and it often takes a long fermentation time to achieve a more ideal effect. In order to improve the fermentation process, mechanical turning and ventilation are sometimes used. However, due to the limitations of technology and control systems, it is often difficult to achieve precise control of the fermentation environment. In addition, the use of microbial agents in traditional processes is limited, and fermentation mainly relies on natural microbial communities, resulting in low efficiency in organic matter degradation. First, the fermentation environment is not accurately controlled, and the temperature, humidity and oxygen supply are often uneven, which can easily lead to anaerobic fermentation in local areas of the pile, produce odor, and incomplete fermentation, affecting the quality of organic fertilizer. Secondly, the fermentation cycle is long, the efficiency of microbial degradation of organic matter is low, and the entire fermentation process takes several months to complete. Third, pathogens and insect eggs are difficult to completely remove, and the safety of compost after fermentation cannot be guaranteed. In addition, the compost particles are uneven and the quality is unstable, which affects the consistency of the final product and its effect in agricultural applications. The above shortcomings lead to the limitations of organic fertilizers produced by traditional processes in terms of market competitiveness and farmland application effects, which need to be optimized and improved. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the technical problems raised in the above background technology.

[0004] The present invention adopts the following technical scheme: a process for preparing biological organic fertilizer based on microbial fermentation technology, the process comprising the following steps:

[0005] S1: Raw material preparation: Select different types of animal and plant waste as organic raw materials and pre-treat them to adjust their physical properties for subsequent fermentation;

[0006] S2: Ingredients and adjustment: According to the characteristics of the raw materials, adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio, add microbial agents and auxiliary nutrients to optimize the fermentation environment;

[0007] S3: pH adjustment and structural stability enhancement: Add appropriate amount of pH adjuster and adsorbent material during the batching process to adjust the initial pH and enhance the structural stability of the raw materials;

[0008] S4: Staged fermentation: The processed raw materials are fermented in multiple stages to promote the degradation of organic matter by microorganisms by controlling temperature, humidity and oxygen concentration;

[0009] S5: Ventilation and humidity control: During the fermentation process, the oxygen supply is regulated by an automated ventilation system, and the humidity of the fermentation pile is adjusted as needed;

[0010] S6: Bio-enhancement treatment: Add microbial agents again in the late stage of fermentation to further promote the decomposition and maturation of organic matter;

[0011] S7: Maturation and stabilization: After fermentation, the compost is stabilized by a maturation process to reduce incompletely decomposed organic matter;

[0012] S8: Crushing and screening: crush the matured compost and remove large particles by screening to obtain organic fertilizer products that meet the standards;

[0013] S9: Finished product testing and packaging: Conduct quality testing on finished organic fertilizers to ensure that all indicators meet the standards before packaging and storage.

[0014] Optionally, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the animal and plant waste in S2 is adjusted to 25:1 to 35:1.

[0015] Optionally, the microbial agent in S2 includes cellulose decomposing bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, yeast and actinomycetes, and the addition ratio of each strain is 0.2 kg to 0.5 kg per ton of raw material.

[0016] Optionally, the temperature of the high temperature stage of the fermentation process in S4 is controlled at 55°C to 65°C for 5 to 10 days, and then the temperature is gradually reduced to 35°C to 45°C to enter the medium temperature stage.

[0017] Optionally, the humidity during the fermentation process in S5 is controlled between 50% and 70%, and is adjusted by a sprinkler or spray device, and the moisture when the humidity is too high is adjusted by an automatic ventilation system.

[0018] Optionally, the initial pH value in S3 is adjusted to 6.5 to 8.5, and lime or calcium carbonate is added as a pH regulator.

[0019] Optionally, the adsorptive material in S3 is biochar or bentonite, and the added amount is 2 kg to 5 kg per ton of raw material to improve the adsorption and aeration during the fermentation process.

[0020] Optionally, in S6, a composite microbial agent including photosynthetic bacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria is added in a quantity of 0.2 kg to 0.6 kg per ton of raw material in the later stage of fermentation.

[0021] Optionally, the moisture content of the finished organic fertilizer in S9 is controlled at 10% to 20%, the organic matter content is not less than 60%, and the total nutrient content is ensured to reach 4% to 6%.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the advantages and positive effects of the present invention are:

[0023] 1. In the present invention, the fermentation environment is improved by reasonable pretreatment of raw materials and precise adjustment of the carbon-nitrogen ratio, and the degradation efficiency of organic matter by microorganisms is significantly improved. The pretreatment step increases the contact area between microorganisms and organic matter by adjusting the physical properties of the raw materials. The carbon-nitrogen ratio control during batching enables microorganisms to carry out metabolic reactions more efficiently, reducing the problem of nutritional imbalance in the fermentation process. This optimization ensures the stability of the fermentation process and improves the overall quality of organic fertilizer.

[0024] 2. In the present invention, by combining staged fermentation with automated ventilation and humidity control technology, oxygen supply and humidity control during the fermentation process are guaranteed, effectively avoiding the anaerobic fermentation phenomenon in traditional processes. Multi-stage temperature control completely eliminates harmful substances such as pathogens and eggs at high temperature, ensuring the safety of composting. At the same time, ventilation and humidity control make the fermentation process more uniform, reduce the temperature difference inside the compost, and further improve the fermentation effect.

[0025] 3. In the present invention, by adopting bio-enhancement treatment, composite microbial agents are used to further promote the decomposition of organic matter. This innovative design not only accelerates the conversion of organic matter, but also significantly shortens the overall fermentation time. After the aging treatment, the compost structure is more stable and the particles are uniform, ensuring the competitive advantage of the finished organic fertilizer in the market, while improving its application effect in agriculture, effectively improving the absorption efficiency of crops and soil improvement ability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 The present invention proposes a schematic diagram of the overall process of a bio-organic fertilizer preparation process based on microbial fermentation technology. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] In order to more clearly understand the above-mentioned purpose, features and advantages of the present invention, the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be noted that the embodiments of the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0028] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention may also be implemented in other ways than those described herein. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments of the following disclosure.

[0029] Unless otherwise specified, the reagents, methods and equipment used in the present invention are conventional reagents, methods and equipment in the technical field.

[0030] Embodiment 1

[0031] The invention provides a technical solution: a bio-organic fertilizer preparation process based on microbial fermentation technology. First, pig manure and corn stalks are selected and mixed in a weight ratio of 2:1, the pig manure is dehydrated to a moisture content of 60%, and the stalks are crushed to 3 cm. The carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixture is adjusted to 30:1, cellulose decomposing bacteria, lactic acid bacteria and yeast are added at 0.3 kg / ton, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate is added at 0.5 kg / ton. The pH value is adjusted to 7.0 during the batching and 2 kg / ton of bentonite is added to enhance the structural stability. The raw materials are fermented at 60°C for 7 days, gradually cooled to 40°C and then fermented for 8 days. 0.4 cubic meters / ton of oxygen is supplied per hour through an automatic ventilation system, and the humidity is maintained at 65%. In the middle of the fermentation, 0.4 kg / ton of photosynthetic bacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria are added, and after the fermentation is completed, it is matured at 35°C for 12 days. Finally, the compost is crushed to 1-2 mm. After screening, the finished product has a moisture content of 15%, an organic matter content of 62%, and a total nutrient content of 4.8%, and is packaged and stored.

[0032] Embodiment 2

[0033] A biological organic fertilizer preparation process based on microbial fermentation technology. First, chicken manure and fruit and vegetable waste are selected and mixed in a ratio of 3:1. The chicken manure is dehydrated to a moisture content of 55%, and the fruit and vegetable waste is crushed to 3 cm. The carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixture is adjusted to 28:1, 0.4 kg / ton of cellulose-decomposing bacteria and actinomycetes are added, 1 kg / ton of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and the pH is adjusted to 7.5. 3 kg / ton of biochar is added to improve the structural stability. During the fermentation process, the initial high temperature of 58°C lasts for 5 days, and then the temperature is cooled to 42°C for medium-temperature fermentation for 10 days. The automatic ventilation system supplies 0.5 cubic meters / ton of oxygen per hour, and the humidity is maintained at 60%. 0.5 kg / ton of photosynthetic bacteria and 0.3 kg / ton of nitrogen-fixing bacteria are added in the middle of the fermentation. After the fermentation is completed, it is matured at 33°C for 10 days, the compost is crushed to 1.5 mm and sieved, and the final organic fertilizer is packaged and stored.

[0034] Embodiment 3

[0035] A biological organic fertilizer preparation process based on microbial fermentation technology. First, select cow dung and rice husks in a weight ratio of 1:1, dehydrate the cow dung to a moisture content of 65%, and crush the rice husks to a length of 2 cm. Adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixture to 32:1, add 0.2 kg / ton of yeast, lactic acid bacteria and cellulose decomposing bacteria, 1.5 kg / ton of potassium phosphate, adjust the pH to 6.8 during batching, and add 2.5 kg / ton of bentonite to enhance the structure. During the fermentation process, the temperature is controlled at 62°C for 6 days, then cooled to 38°C and fermented for 10 days. The automatic ventilation system provides an oxygen supply of 0.3 cubic meters / ton per hour, and the humidity is maintained at 70%. In the late fermentation stage, 0.3 kg / ton of photosynthetic bacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria are added, and the fermentation is matured for 14 days after the fermentation is completed. The temperature is maintained at 30°C, and finally crushed to 2 mm and sieved. The finished product has a moisture content of 18%, an organic matter content of 65%, and is packaged and stored.

[0036] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention in other forms. Any technician familiar with the profession may use the technical content disclosed above to change or modify it into an equivalent embodiment with equivalent changes and apply it to other fields. However, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiment based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present invention still falls within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A bio-organic fertilizer preparation process based on microbial fermentation technology, characterized in that: The process comprises the following steps: S1: Raw material preparation: Select different types of animal and plant waste as organic raw materials and pre-treat them to adjust their physical properties for subsequent fermentation; S2: Ingredients and adjustment: According to the characteristics of the raw materials, adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio, add microbial agents and auxiliary nutrients to optimize the fermentation environment; S3: pH adjustment and structural stability enhancement: Add appropriate amount of pH adjuster and adsorbent material during the batching process to adjust the initial pH and enhance the structural stability of the raw materials; S4: Staged fermentation: The processed raw materials are fermented in multiple stages to promote the degradation of organic matter by microorganisms by controlling temperature, humidity and oxygen concentration; S5: Ventilation and humidity control: During the fermentation process, the oxygen supply is regulated by an automated ventilation system, and the humidity of the fermentation pile is adjusted as needed; S6: Bio-enhancement treatment: Add microbial agents again in the late stage of fermentation to further promote the decomposition and maturation of organic matter; S7: Maturation and stabilization: After fermentation, the compost is stabilized by a maturation process to reduce incompletely decomposed organic matter; S8: Crushing and screening: crush the matured compost and remove large particles by screening to obtain organic fertilizer products that meet the standards; S9: Finished product testing and packaging: Conduct quality testing on finished organic fertilizers to ensure that all indicators meet the standards before packaging and storage.

2. The bio-organic fertilizer preparation process based on microbial fermentation technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The carbon-nitrogen ratio of the animal and plant waste in the S2 is adjusted to 25:1 to 35:

1.

3. The bio-organic fertilizer preparation process based on microbial fermentation technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microbial agents in S2 include cellulose decomposing bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, yeast and actinomycetes, and the addition ratio of each strain is 0.2 kg to 0.5 kg per ton of raw materials.

4. The bio-organic fertilizer preparation process based on microbial fermentation technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature of the high temperature stage of the fermentation process in S4 is controlled at 55°C to 65°C for 5 to 10 days, and then the temperature is gradually reduced to 35°C to 45°C to enter the medium temperature stage.

5. The bio-organic fertilizer preparation process based on microbial fermentation technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the fermentation process in S5, the humidity is controlled between 50% and 70%, and is adjusted by a sprinkler or spray device, and the moisture is adjusted by an automatic ventilation system when the humidity is too high.

6. The bio-organic fertilizer preparation process based on microbial fermentation technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The initial pH value in S3 is adjusted to 6.5 to 8.5, and lime or calcium carbonate is added as a pH regulator.

7. The bio-organic fertilizer preparation process based on microbial fermentation technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adsorbent material in S3 is biochar or bentonite, and the added amount is 2 kg to 5 kg per ton of raw material to improve the adsorption and aeration during the fermentation process.

8. The bio-organic fertilizer preparation process based on microbial fermentation technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the S6, composite microbial agents are added in the late fermentation stage, including photosynthetic bacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria, with the added amount being 0.2 kg to 0.6 kg per ton of raw material.

9. The bio-organic fertilizer preparation process based on microbial fermentation technology according to claim 8, characterized in that: The moisture content of the finished organic fertilizer in S9 is controlled at 10% to 20%, the organic matter content is not less than 60%, and the total nutrient content is ensured to reach 4% to 6%.

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