Breeding method for coelomactra antiquata juvenile mollusks

Abstract

The invention provides a breeding method of coelomactra antiquata juvenile shellfish, and belongs to the technical field of shellfish breeding. In the breeding process of the coelomactra antiquata juvenile mollusk, the water temperature is kept to be 25-27 DEG C, the salinity is kept to be 26-28, and the coelomactra antiquata juvenile mollusk is fed with mixed live algae containing chlorella, chaetoceros mulleri, coelomactra zhanjiangensis and tetraselmis subcordiformis, so that the growth of the coelomactra antiquata juvenile mollusk can be promoted. According to the method, the composite probiotic liquid formed by combining bacillus subtilis, photosynthetic bacteria and lactic acid bacteria according to the specific proportion is sprayed every 5-10 days, accumulation of hydrogen sulfide and ammonia nitrogen in the substrate can be reduced, and water quality is purified. By means of the breeding method, the survival rate and the weight growth rate of the coelomactra antiquata juvenile mollusks can be effectively increased, the proportion of the coelomactra antiquata with the shell length larger than or equal to 4 cm can be effectively increased, and therefore the yield and quality of the coelomactra antiquata juvenile mollusks are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of shellfish culture, and in particular to a method for cultivating young clams. Background Art

[0002] Mactra antiquata, commonly known as sea clams, belongs to the phylum Mollusca, class Bivalvia, order Cercophoridae. Mactra antiquata is a large shellfish. When it opens its shell, it spits out a white and tender "flesh tongue", which is very beautiful. Hence the name Mactra antiquata, which is distributed in many regions. Mactra antiquata has a large foot as big as a tongue, is crisp and tender, and can be compared with abalone and sea cucumber. It is a precious shellfish with high economic value. Mactra antiquata can be divided into four growth stages: larvae, juveniles, young shells, and adult shells. Because Mactra antiquata has a thin shell in the young shell and small-sized young shell stages, it is easily eaten by benthic enemies in the sea area, and its survival rate is low. When its shell length reaches more than 4 cm, it can be moved into the sea area for breeding to improve its survival rate.

[0003] Domestic related units have done a lot of basic research and applied research on artificial propagation of kelp, seedling cultivation, and temporary rearing of juvenile shellfish in the sea area, which has lasted for a long time and has a large investment, but the yield of artificial seedling cultivation is very unstable, and the mortality rate during the juvenile shellfish cultivation stage is very high. kelp usually feeds on live algae, but if the bait is single or improperly matched, it will cause the kelp juveniles to not grow or grow slowly, and the mortality rate will reach more than 50%. Therefore, the selection and cultivation of high-quality bait algae species is one of the urgent problems to be solved in the artificial cultivation of kelp.

[0004] In addition, the oysters are burrowing shellfish, and sand needs to be spread as the substrate for breeding during the juvenile stage. However, as feces and leftover bait accumulate in the sand layer, the substrate is prone to aging, the content of hydrogen sulfide and ammonia nitrogen is high, and the sand layer is black and has a peculiar smell, which causes the juvenile shells to not drill into the sand and slowly die; therefore, the sand needs to be washed and the water needs to be changed regularly. In addition, the shells of oysters are very thin, and the shells can break if the operation is not careful. When turning the pond, washing the seedlings, or changing the water and washing the sand, it is very easy to cause the juvenile shells to break and die. Therefore, providing a large-scale juvenile shell breeding method with a high survival rate is of great significance for the stable supply of large-scale, high-quality seedlings required for breeding. Summary of the invention

[0005] The invention aims to provide a method for cultivating young clams of Coleus truncatus, which can effectively improve the survival rate of young clams of Coleus truncatus.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] The present invention provides a method for cultivating young clams, comprising the following steps:

[0008] S1. Build an indoor cement pool in the nursery room. Before stocking, clean and disinfect the fine sand, then lay it flat and add seawater to fill the cement pool.

[0009] S2. From June to August, young oysters are placed in cement ponds;

[0010] S3. Feed mixed live algae once in the morning and evening every day, change water during the culture period, and spray compound probiotics to improve the bottom quality; check the survival of young clams every 3 to 6 hours. If the clams are found to be open and the mantle does not close after acupuncture, remove the dead individuals in time;

[0011] During the culture of young clams, a purification system and closed-loop water supply are used;

[0012] The mixed living algae include Chlorella vulgaris, Chaetoceros muelleri, Chrysotrichum zhanjiangense and Platymonas subcordiformis.

[0013] Preferably, the stocking density of the juvenile clams is 500 to 700 grains / m 2 .

[0014] Preferably, the nursery room is equipped with a filtration system and temperature control equipment, and the water temperature is maintained at 25-27° C. and the dissolved oxygen is maintained at 4.5-6.5 mg / L during the breeding process.

[0015] Preferably, the salinity of the seawater is 26-28.

[0016] Preferably, the water is isothermally changed every 3 to 5 days, and the amount of water changed is 40 to 60% of the total pool water volume.

[0017] Preferably, the feeding amount of the mixed live algae is: the feeding amount of the mixed live algae is: the density of Chlorella in the cement pool is 6 to 8×10 4 / mL, the density of Chaetoceros muelleri in the cement pool is 3-4×10 4 / mL, the density of Zhanjiang Trichophyton in the cement pool is 5~8×10 4 / mL, the density of Platymonas subcordiformis in the cement pool is 2-3×10 4 / mL.

[0018] Preferably, the compound probiotic solution is used regularly at a rate of 4 to 8 mL / m every 5 to 10 days. 3 Splash the entire pool.

[0019] Preferably, the composite probiotic solution contains Bacillus subtilis, photosynthetic bacteria and lactic acid bacteria, the ratio of the number of live bacteria of Bacillus subtilis, photosynthetic bacteria and lactic acid bacteria is 3:2:1, and the total number of live bacteria in the composite probiotic solution is 2 to 8×10 9 cfu / mL.

[0020] Preferably, the particle size of the fine sand is 0.1-0.4 mm, and the thickness of the sand is 2.5-5.3 cm.

[0021] Preferably, the size of the cement pool is: 8.0m×3.0m×2.0m.

[0022] By adopting the above technical scheme, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: in the process of cultivating young clams of the present invention, the water temperature is maintained at 25-27°C, the salinity is 26-28, and mixed live algae containing Chlorella, Chaetoceros muelleri, Zhanjiang forked flagella and subcordiform flat algae are fed, which can promote the growth of young clams of the present invention. The present invention regularly sprays a composite probiotic liquid composed of Bacillus subtilis, photosynthetic bacteria and lactic acid bacteria in a specific proportion every 5-10 days, which can purify water quality, reduce the accumulation of harmful substances such as hydrogen sulfide and ammonia nitrogen in the bottom sediment, inhibit the growth of Vibrio, reduce the frequency of water changes during the cultivation of young clams of the present invention, and thus improve the survival rate of young clams of the present invention. The cultivation method of the present invention can effectively improve the survival rate, weight growth rate and proportion of young clams with a shell length of ≥4cm of young clams of the present invention, thereby improving the yield and quality of young clams of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The present invention provides a method for cultivating young clams, comprising the following steps:

[0024] S1. Build an indoor cement pool. Before stocking, clean and disinfect the fine sand, then lay it flat and add seawater to fill the cement pool.

[0025] S2. From July to August, young oysters of the Chinese oyster are placed in the cement pool;

[0026] S3. Feed mixed live algae once in the morning and evening every day, change water during the culture period, and spray compound probiotics to improve the bottom quality; check the survival of young clams every 3 to 6 hours. If the clams are found to be open and the mantle does not close after acupuncture, remove the dead individuals in time;

[0027] During the culture of young clams, a purification system and closed-loop water supply are used;

[0028] The mixed living algae include Chlorella vulgaris, Chaetoceros muelleri, Chrysotrichum zhanjiangense and Platymonas subcordiformis.

[0029] The present invention first establishes an indoor cement pool in the nursery room, and the nursery room is equipped with a filtration system and a temperature control device. Before stocking, the fine sand is cleaned, leveled, and disinfected, and seawater is added to fill the cement pool; the cement pool is 8.0m long, 3.0m wide, and 2.0m high. Before stocking, the fine sand is cleaned, disinfected, and leveled, and seawater is added to fill the cement pool. The seawater is treated by sand filtration, and the particle size of the fine sand is 0.1-0.4mm, more preferably 0.2-0.3mm, and the thickness of the sand is 2.5-5.3cm, more preferably 3.5-4.5cm, and more preferably 4.0cm. The disinfection is carried out with sodium hypochlorite, and the concentration of the sodium hypochlorite is 3-5mg / L, more preferably 3.5-4.5mg / L, and more preferably 4mg / L. From June to August, young clams are placed in the cement pool, and the density of young clams is 500-700 grains / m 2 , more preferably 550 to 6500 particles / m 2 , more preferably 600 particles / m 2 .

[0030] In the breeding process of the present invention, the water temperature is maintained at 25-27°C, more preferably 25.5-26.5°C, and more preferably 26°C; the salinity is maintained at 26-28, more preferably 26.5-27.5, and more preferably 27. The water is isothermally changed every 3-5 days, and the amount of water changed is 40-60% of the total water volume in the pond, more preferably 45-55%, and preferably 50%. The mixed live algae are fed once in the morning and evening every day, and the mixed live algae include Chlorella vulgaris, Chaetoceros muelleri, Trichophyton zhanjiangensis, and Platymonas subcordiformis. The feeding amount of the mixed live algae is: the density of Chlorella vulgaris in the cement pond is 6-8×10 4 / mL, more preferably 6.5 to 7.5×10 4 / mL, more preferably 7×10 4 / mL; the density of Chaetoceros muelleri in the cement pool is 3-4×10 4 / mL, more preferably 3.2 to 3.8×10 4 / mL, more preferably 3.5×10 4 / mL; the density of Zhanjiang whip golden algae in the cement pool is 5~8×10 4 / mL, more preferably 6 to 7×10 4 / mL, more preferably 6.5×10 4 / mL; the density of Platymonas subcordiformis in the cement pool is 2-3×10 4 / mL, more preferably 2.2 to 2.8×10 4 / mL, more preferably 2.5×10 4 / mL.

[0031] During the breeding process, the compound probiotic solution is regularly sprayed throughout the pond every 5 to 10 days to decompose hydrogen sulfide and ammonia nitrogen in the bottom sediment; the spraying amount of the compound probiotic solution is 4 to 8 mL / m 3 , more preferably 5 to 7 mL / m 3 , more preferably 6 mL / m 3 The composite probiotic liquid includes Bacillus subtilis, photosynthetic bacteria and lactic acid bacteria, the ratio of the number of live bacteria of Bacillus subtilis, photosynthetic bacteria and lactic acid bacteria is 3:2:1, and the total number of live bacteria in the composite probiotic liquid is 2 to 8×10 9 cfu / mL, more preferably 4 to 6×10 9 cfu / mL, more preferably 5×10 9 cfu / mL. The feces of the Chinese tongue accumulate in the substrate, which will lead to an increase in the concentration of hydrogen sulfide and ammonia nitrogen, thereby inducing Vibrio. Bacillus subtilis and photosynthetic bacteria can decompose the hydrogen sulfide and ammonia nitrogen in the substrate, and lactic acid bacteria have the function of inhibiting the growth of Vibrio and purifying water quality. The three are matched in a specific ratio to remove harmful substances in the substrate to the maximum extent, play a role in purifying water quality, reduce the frequency of water changes during the breeding process of Chinese tongue juvenile clams, and thereby improve the survival rate of Chinese tongue juvenile clams. The present invention has no special restrictions on the sources of Bacillus subtilis, photosynthetic bacteria and lactic acid bacteria, and they can all be purchased through commercial channels.

[0032] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0033] The Bacillus subtilis, photosynthetic bacteria and lactic acid bacteria in the present invention were purchased from Shandong Runwo Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] A cement pool is built in the Xishi tongue nursery room, and the nursery room is equipped with a filtration system and temperature control equipment. The cement pool is 8m long, 3m wide and 2m high. Before stocking, the fine sand with a particle size of 0.1-0.4mm is washed, disinfected with 3mg / L sodium hypochlorite, and then flattened. The thickness of the sand is 2.5cm (as the length of the Xishi tongue shell increases, the thickness of the sand is increased accordingly, and the thickness of the sand should be equivalent to the length of the Xishi tongue shell). After the natural seawater is precipitated in the reservoir, it is filtered through sand filtration and cotton, and then filled into the cement pool. Xishi tongue juveniles of the same size are placed in the cement pool. The shell length of the Xishi tongue juveniles is 1.8-2.2cm, and the stocking density is 500 grains / m 2(A total of 12,000 grains). During the breeding process, the water temperature was maintained at 25-27°C, the dissolved oxygen was 4.5-6.5 mg / L, the water was replaced isothermally every 3 days, and the water replacement volume was 40% of the total water volume of the pond, and the salinity of the breeding water was maintained between 26 and 28. A mixed live algae consisting of Chlorella vulgaris, Chaetoceros muelleri, Chrysotrichum sphenanthera and Platymonas subcordiformis was fed once in the morning and evening every day. The feeding amount was: the density of Chlorella in the cement pond was 6×10 4 / mL, the density of Chaetoceros muelleri in the cement pool is 4×10 4 / mL, the density of Zhanjiang Diplococcus in the cement pool is 5×10 4 / mL, the density of Platymonas subcordiformis in the cement pool was 3×10 4 / mL.

[0036] During the breeding process, the compound probiotic solution was sprayed throughout the pond when the juvenile clams were placed, and then sprayed regularly every 5 days with a spraying volume of 4 mL / m 3 The composite probiotic solution includes Bacillus subtilis, photosynthetic bacteria and lactic acid bacteria. The ratio of the number of live bacteria of Bacillus subtilis, photosynthetic bacteria and lactic acid bacteria is 3:2:1. The total number of live bacteria in the composite probiotic solution is 2×10 9 cfu / mL.

[0037] Example 2

[0038] A cement pool is built in the Xishi tongue nursery room, and the nursery room is equipped with a filtration system and temperature control equipment. The cement pool is 8m long, 3m wide and 2m high. Before stocking, the fine sand with a particle size of 0.1-0.4mm is washed, disinfected with 4mg / L sodium hypochlorite, and then spread flat. The thickness of the sand is 2.5cm (as the length of the Xishi tongue shell increases, the thickness of the sand is increased accordingly, and the thickness of the sand should be equivalent to the length of the Xishi tongue shell). After the natural seawater is precipitated in the reservoir, it is filtered through sand filtration and cotton, and then filled into the cement pool. Xishi tongue juveniles of the same size are placed in the cement pool. The shell length of the Xishi tongue juveniles is 1.8-2.2cm, and the stocking density is 600 grains / m 2 (A total of 14,400 grains). During the breeding process, the water temperature was maintained at 25-27°C, the dissolved oxygen was 4.5-6.5 mg / L, the water was replaced isothermally every 4 days, and the water replacement volume was 50% of the total water volume of the pond, and the salinity of the breeding water was maintained between 26 and 28. A mixed live algae consisting of Chlorella vulgaris, Chaetoceros muelleri, Chrysotrichum sphenanthera and Platymonas subcordiformis was fed once in the morning and evening every day. The feeding amount was: the density of Chlorella in the cement pond was 7×10 4 / mL, the density of Chaetoceros muelleri in the cement pool is 3.5×10 4 / mL, the density of Zhanjiang Diplococcus in the cement pool is 6×10 4 / mL, the density of Platymonas subcordiformis in the cement pool was 2.5×10 4 / mL.

[0039] During the breeding process, the compound probiotic solution was sprayed throughout the pond when the juvenile clams were placed, and then sprayed regularly every 8 days with a spraying volume of 6 mL / m 3 The composite probiotic solution includes Bacillus subtilis, photosynthetic bacteria and lactic acid bacteria. The ratio of the number of live bacteria of Bacillus subtilis, photosynthetic bacteria and lactic acid bacteria is 3:2:1. The total number of live bacteria in the composite probiotic solution is 4×10 9 cfu / mL.

[0040] Example 3

[0041] A cement pool is built in the Xishi tongue nursery room, and the nursery room is equipped with a filtration system and temperature control equipment. The cement pool is 8m long, 3m wide and 2m high. Before stocking, the fine sand with a particle size of 0.1-0.4mm is washed, disinfected with 5mg / L sodium hypochlorite, and then flattened. The thickness of the sand is 2.5cm (as the length of the Xishi tongue shell increases, the thickness of the sand is increased accordingly, and the thickness of the sand should be equivalent to the length of the Xishi tongue shell). After the natural seawater is precipitated in the reservoir, it is filtered through sand filtration and cotton, and then filled into the cement pool. Xishi tongue juveniles of the same size are placed in the cement pool. The shell length of the Xishi tongue juveniles is 1.8-2.2cm, and the stocking density is 700 grains / m 2 (A total of 16,800 grains). During the breeding process, the water temperature was maintained at 25-27°C, the dissolved oxygen was 4.5-6.5 mg / L, the water was replaced isothermally every 5 days, and the water replacement volume was 60% of the total water volume of the pond, and the salinity of the breeding water was maintained between 26 and 28. A mixed live algae consisting of Chlorella vulgaris, Chaetoceros muelleri, Chrysotrichum sphenanthera and Platymonas subcordiformis was fed once in the morning and evening every day. The feeding amount was: the density of Chlorella in the cement pond was 8×10 4 / mL, the density of Chaetoceros muelleri in the cement pool is 3×10 4 / mL, the density of Zhanjiang Diplococcus in the cement pool is 8×10 4 / mL, the density of Platymonas subcordiformis in the cement pool is 2×10 4 / mL.

[0042] During the breeding process, the compound probiotic solution was sprayed throughout the pond when the juvenile clams were placed, and then sprayed regularly every 10 days with a spray volume of 8 mL / m 3 The composite probiotic solution includes Bacillus subtilis, photosynthetic bacteria and lactic acid bacteria. The ratio of the number of live bacteria of Bacillus subtilis, photosynthetic bacteria and lactic acid bacteria is 3:2:1. The total number of live bacteria in the composite probiotic solution is 8×10 9 cfu / mL.

[0043] Comparative Example 1

[0044] The difference from Example 1 is that Chaetoceros muelleri is not added to the mixed live algae, but an equal amount of Chlorella vulgaris is used instead, and other culture conditions are the same as those in Example 1.

[0045] Comparative Example 2

[0046] The difference from Example 1 is that Zhanjiang Trichuris algae is not added to the mixed live algae, but an equal amount of Chlorella vulgaris is used instead, and other culture conditions are the same as those in Example 1.

[0047] Comparative Example 3

[0048] The difference from Example 1 is that the Chaetoceros muelleri in the mixed live algae is replaced by Pavlova viridis. Other cultivation conditions are the same as those in Example 1.

[0049] Comparative Example 4

[0050] The difference from Example 1 is that the photosynthetic bacteria in the composite probiotic liquid are replaced with Bacillus megaterium, and the other culture conditions are the same as those in Example 1.

[0051] Comparative Example 5

[0052] The difference from Example 1 is that the ratio of the viable bacteria counts of Bacillus subtilis, photosynthetic bacteria and lactic acid bacteria in the composite probiotic liquid is 2:2:3, and the other culture conditions are the same as those in Example 1.

[0053] Experimental Example 1

[0054] The experiment was divided into 7 groups, and the juvenile clams of the Chinese tongue were cultured according to the methods in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3, respectively. The juvenile clams of the Chinese tongue were sourced from the shellfish hatchery in Liusha Village, Qindou Town, Leizhou, Zhanjiang City. The start date of the culture was July 12, 2024, and the end date was September 27, 2024. After 2.5 months of culture, the survival rate of the juvenile clams of the Chinese tongue in each group and the proportion of large-sized clams with a shell length of ≥4 cm were counted. The statistical results are shown in Table 1.

[0055] Table 1 Growth of juvenile clams in each group

[0056] Group Survival rate (%) Proportion of large-sized juveniles with shell length ≥ 4 cm (%) Example 1 72.6 98.6 Example 2 72.0 99.1 Example 3 71.3 97.5 Comparative Example 1 58.7 86.7 Comparative Example 2 55.4 82.1 Comparative Example 3 60.9 85.6 Comparative Example 4 43.2 72.3 Comparative Example 5 57.3 77.6

[0057] As can be seen from Tables 1 and 2, in the process of cultivating young clams of the present invention, a mixed live algae containing Chlorella, Chaetoceros muelleri and Chrysotrichum zhanjiangense is fed, and a composite probiotic solution containing Bacillus subtilis, photosynthetic bacteria and lactic acid bacteria is regularly sprayed every 5 to 10 days, and the proportion of live bacteria of each species is strictly controlled, which can purify water quality, reduce the accumulation of harmful substances such as hydrogen sulfide and ammonia nitrogen in the bottom sediment, and inhibit the growth of Vibrio, thereby effectively improving the survival rate of young clams of the present invention and the proportion of clams with a shell length of ≥4 cm, and providing technical guarantee for providing large-scale and high-quality seedlings required for cultivation.

[0058] It can be seen from the above embodiments that the present invention provides a method for cultivating juvenile clams, which can effectively improve the survival rate of juvenile clams and the proportion of clams with shell length ≥ 4 cm, thereby improving the yield and quality of large-sized juvenile clams.

[0059] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating young clams of Coleus truncatus, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. Build a cement pool in the nursery room. Before stocking, clean and disinfect the fine sand, then lay it flat and add seawater to fill the cement pool. S2. From June to August, young oysters are placed in cement ponds; S3. Feed mixed live algae once in the morning and evening every day, change water during the culture period, and spray compound probiotics to improve the bottom quality; check the survival of young clams every 3 to 6 hours. If the clams are found to be open and the mantle does not close after acupuncture, remove the dead individuals in time; During the culture of young clams, a purification system and closed-loop water supply are used; The mixed living algae include Chlorella vulgaris, Chaetoceros muelleri, Chrysotrichum zhanjiangense and Platymonas subcordiformis.

2. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stocking density of the juvenile clams is 500 to 700 grains / m 2 .

3. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nursery room is equipped with a filtration system and temperature control equipment, and the water temperature is maintained at 25-27° C. and the dissolved oxygen is maintained at 4.5-6.5 mg / L during the breeding process.

4. The breeding method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The salinity of the seawater is 26-28.

5. The breeding method according to claim 4, characterized in that: Isothermal water replacement is performed every 3 to 5 days, with the replacement volume being 40 to 60% of the total pool water volume.

6. The breeding method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The feeding amount of mixed live algae is: the density of Chlorella in the cement pool is 6 to 8×10 4 / mL, the density of Chaetoceros muelleri in the cement pool is 3-4×10 4 / mL, the density of Zhanjiang Trichophyton in the cement pool is 5~8×10 4 / mL, the density of Platymonas subcordiformis in the cement pool is 2-3×10 4 / mL.

7. The breeding method according to claim 6, characterized in that: Regularly use compound probiotic solution at 4-8 mL / m every 5-10 days 3 Splash the entire pool.

8. The breeding method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The composite probiotic liquid contains Bacillus subtilis, photosynthetic bacteria and lactic acid bacteria, the ratio of the number of live bacteria of Bacillus subtilis, photosynthetic bacteria and lactic acid bacteria is 3:2:1, and the total number of live bacteria in the composite probiotic liquid is 2 to 8×10 9 cfu / mL.

9. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The particle size of the fine sand is 0.1-0.4 mm, and the thickness of the sand is 2.5-5.3 cm.

10. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dimensions of the cement pool are: 8.0 m×3.0 m×2.0 m.