A low-energy-consumption tunnel boring machine driver's position compressed air breathing protection system and method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a low-energy-consumption compressed air respiratory protection system and method for a tunnel boring machine driver. The system includes a compressed air respiratory protection portion and a tunnel boring machine energy recovery portion. The compressed air respiratory protection portion includes a compressed air breathing mask and a compressed air filter device. The tunnel boring machine energy recovery portion includes a piston mechanism, an air storage mechanism, an electric energy storage mechanism, a magnetic induction coil, a heat storage mechanism, a thermal switch, and an electrically controlled thermal phase change mechanism. The present invention utilizes the compressed air respiratory protection portion to supply purified air treated by the compressed air filter device to the tunnel boring machine driver via the compressed air breathing mask, thereby ensuring the tunnel boring machine driver's respiratory safety in complex environments. The tunnel boring machine energy recovery portion can recover the heat energy generated during the tunnel boring machine excavation process and convert it into electrical energy to power the respiratory protection system. This can minimize the impact of dust in the working environment on the tunnel boring machine driver while achieving low energy consumption.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a breathing protection system and method for a roadheader driver, in particular to a low-energy-consumption compressed-air breathing protection system and method for a roadheader driver, belonging to the technical field of mine dust prevention and control. Background Art

[0002] Dust is an unavoidable problem during mining operations. It is primarily generated by production activities such as blasting, mechanical chiseling, cutting, friction, and vibration. This dust, including fine particles such as rock dust and coal dust, is collectively referred to as mine dust or just "ore dust." Mine dust is primarily generated during drilling and blasting, mining, crushing, screening, and conveying, transportation, and relocation. Mine dust removal technologies typically include water spraying, vacuum cleaning, filtration, and high-voltage electrostatic dust removal. However, a truly suitable dust removal technology has yet to be found for harsh, open working environments in China, such as mines. This is particularly true for working face operations involving driver-operated coal mining equipment, such as roadheaders, underground loaders, and scraper loaders. These environments often face multiple challenges, including dust, harmful gases, high temperatures, and high humidity. These factors not only impact driver efficiency but also pose a serious threat to driver health and safety.

[0003] During tunneling, a roadheader (TBM) excavates a tunnel. As the traveling chassis propels the main body of the TBM forward, the boring head at the front of the excavation mechanism rotates and crushes rock. The crushed rock is then transported from the rear of the TBM via a loading and transfer mechanism. Before tunneling, the TBM structure resembles a blind hole, open at one end and closed at the other. During tunneling, the friction between the picks and the rock generates a significant amount of heat. This makes ventilating the working environment during tunneling difficult. This heat often accumulates, making it difficult to dissipate through mine ventilation. Furthermore, the dust generated by the crushed rock easily spreads around the TBM operating environment, making it difficult to exhaust through mine ventilation. Consequently, TBM drivers face high labor intensity and fatigue. Furthermore, TBMs are expensive, complex, and consume significant energy and losses. Developing a low-energy respiratory protection system for TBM drivers to minimize the impact of ambient dust on them and maximize their health and safety remains a pressing challenge in the industry. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In response to the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides a low-energy consumption compressed air respiratory protection system and method for the driver of a tunnel boring machine, which can minimize the impact of dust in the working environment on the tunnel boring machine driver and ensure the health and safety of the tunnel boring machine driver under the premise of achieving low energy consumption.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the low-energy roadheader driver's position compressed air respiratory protection system includes a compressed air respiratory protection part and a main control box;

[0006] The compressed air respiratory protection part includes a compressed air breathing mask, a compressed air filter device and a high-pressure air pipeline;

[0007] The compressed air breathing mask includes a breathing mask body, an activated carbon composite high-efficiency filter membrane filtration mechanism, an adjustable mask strap, a breathing detection smart chip, an air volume control mechanism, and a mask connecting tube. The activated carbon composite high-efficiency filter membrane filtration mechanism and the adjustable mask strap are respectively installed on the breathing mask body; the breathing detection smart chip is arranged inside the breathing mask body; the air volume control mechanism including the electronically controlled flow regulating valve is arranged inside the mask connecting tube connected to the breathing mask body, and the mask connecting tube is also provided with an air inlet switch.

[0008] The compressed air filtering device is fixedly installed on the tunnel wall of the tunnel, and includes an oil-water separator, a high-efficiency filtration and purification chamber, a gas dual purifier, a clean gas transmission pipeline, an electronically controlled valve, and a gas concentration detector; the input end of the oil-water separator is connected to the high-pressure gas pipeline, the high-pressure gas pipeline is connected to the compressed air transmission pipeline of the mine ventilation system, the output end of the oil-water separator is connected to the output end of the high-efficiency filtration and purification chamber, the output end of the high-efficiency filtration and purification chamber is connected to the input end of the electronically controlled valve through the clean gas transmission pipeline, the input end of the gas dual purifier is connected to the output end of the electronically controlled valve, the output end of the gas dual purifier is connected to the mask connecting pipe of the compressed air breathing mask through the air guide pipe, the gas concentration detector is arranged in the high-efficiency filtration and purification chamber, the high-efficiency filtration and purification chamber is provided with an activated carbon composite high-efficiency filter membrane, and the gas dual purifier is provided with an ultraviolet disinfection mechanism and a sterilizing filter screen;

[0009] The main control box includes a controller, which is electrically connected to the breathing detection intelligent chip, the electric control flow regulating valve of the air volume control mechanism, the air inlet switch, the ultraviolet disinfection mechanism of the gas double purifier, the electric control valve and the gas concentration detector.

[0010] As a further improvement of the present invention, a roadheader includes a roadheader body and a roadheader working device mounted on the roadheader body, the roadheader working device being mounted on the roadheader body as a whole via a supporting mechanism, the roadheader working device including a roadheader head, the low-energy roadheader driver's position compressed air respiratory protection system further including a roadheader energy recovery portion mounted on the roadheader working device; and a main control box being mounted on the roadheader body.

[0011] The energy recovery part of the roadheader includes a piston mechanism, an air storage mechanism, an electric energy storage mechanism, a magnetic induction coil, a heat storage mechanism, a thermal conductivity switch and an electrically controlled thermal phase change mechanism;

[0012] The rear end of the boring head with a hollow inner cavity structure is coaxially fixedly connected to the front end of the piston mechanism with a sleeve structure, and the rear end of the piston mechanism with a sleeve structure is coaxially fixedly connected to the barrel end of the air storage mechanism with a barrel structure. The inner cavity of the boring head, the inner cavity of the piston mechanism and the inner cavity of the air storage mechanism together form a closed vacuum space.

[0013] An elastic airbag I is provided in the tunneling head, and the elastic airbag I is filled with a pressurized gas working medium. An elastic airbag II is provided in the air storage mechanism, and the elastic airbag II is filled with a pressurized gas working medium. The air storage mechanism also includes an air pressure sensor provided in the elastic airbag II. A piston cylinder I and a piston cylinder II are coaxially and symmetrically fixed in the piston mechanism, and the piston I in the piston cylinder I and the piston II in the piston cylinder II are coaxially and fixedly connected via a piston connecting rod. The piston I of the piston cylinder I is in transmission connection with the elastic airbag I, and the piston II of the piston cylinder II is in transmission connection with the elastic airbag II.

[0014] The magnetic induction coil is coaxially fixedly arranged inside or outside the piston mechanism, and the magnetic induction coil is in a state of being sleeved on the outside of the piston connecting rod. The electric energy storage mechanism including the charging and discharging circuit and the rechargeable battery is installed on the main body of the tunnel boring machine, and both ends of the piston connecting rod are electrically connected to the electric energy storage mechanism through wires.

[0015] The heat storage mechanism includes a filled heat-conductive coating and a heat-insulating coating. The filled heat-conductive coating, which includes a heat-conductive material, is disposed on the inner surface of the enclosed vacuum space. The filled heat-conductive coating on the inner surface of the boring head and the filled heat-conductive coating on the inner surface of the piston mechanism are connected via a heat-conductive switch. The heat-insulating coating, which includes a heat-insulating material, is disposed at least on the outer surface of the piston mechanism.

[0016] The electrically controlled thermal phase change mechanism is arranged against the elastic airbag I, or the electrically controlled thermal phase change mechanism is arranged inside the elastic airbag I, and a thermal phase change material is arranged inside the electrically controlled thermal phase change mechanism;

[0017] The electric energy storage mechanism, the air pressure sensor, the thermal conductivity switch and the electrically controlled thermal phase change mechanism are electrically connected to the controller of the main control box respectively.

[0018] As a further improvement of the present invention, the electrically controlled thermal phase change mechanism is provided in two groups, one group being arranged against the elastic airbag I or inside the elastic airbag I, and the other group being arranged against the elastic airbag II or inside the elastic airbag II.

[0019] As a further improvement of the present invention, the piston connecting rod is connected to the piston mechanism via a piston connecting rod guide structure fixedly arranged in the piston mechanism sleeve structure along the front-rear direction.

[0020] As a further improvement of the present invention, the front end of piston I of piston cylinder I is coaxially arranged with elastic airbag I, and the rear end of piston II of piston cylinder II is coaxially arranged with elastic airbag II.

[0021] As an embodiment of the present invention, the thermally conductive material filling the thermally conductive coating is asphalt-based carbon fiber, or graphene fiber, or graphene composite carbon fiber; the thermally insulating material of the thermally insulating coating is nanoporous aerogel, or glass wool, or rock wool; the thermal phase change material in the electrically controlled thermal phase change mechanism is a molten salt phase change material, or an organic phase change material, or an alloy phase change material.

[0022] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pressurized gas working medium is hydrogen or helium.

[0023] A low-energy-consumption compressed air respiratory protection method for the driver of a tunnel boring machine. Before starting the tunnel boring machine, the compressed air delivery pipeline of the mine ventilation system is ensured to be connected to the high-pressure gas pipeline. After the tunnel boring machine driver puts on the main body of the breathing mask, the main control box is activated. The controller controls the electronically controlled flow regulating valve of the air volume control mechanism, the air inlet switch, the ultraviolet disinfection mechanism of the gas dual purifier, the electronically controlled valve, the gas concentration detector, and the air pressure sensor.

[0024] The pressurized air in the high-pressure gas pipeline is separated and purified by the oil-water separator and then enters the high-efficiency filtration purification chamber. The gas concentration detector feeds back the gas concentration data in the high-efficiency filtration purification chamber to the controller in real time. The activated carbon composite high-efficiency filter membrane in the high-efficiency filtration purification chamber finely filters and purifies the pressurized air and then enters the gas double purifier through the clean gas transmission pipeline and the electric control valve. The ultraviolet disinfection mechanism and the sterilizing filter net in the gas double purifier sterilize and filter the pressurized air and then enter the breathing mask body after reducing the pressure through the air guide pipe, air volume control mechanism, mask connecting pipe and air inlet switch. The breathing detection intelligent chip feeds back the inhalation volume data of the tunnel boring machine driver to the controller in real time; when the breathing detection intelligent chip feeds back that the inhalation volume of the tunnel boring machine driver exceeds the set range, the controller controls the electric control flow regulating valve of the air volume control device to adjust the flow of the compressed air clean gas entering the breathing mask body in real time; when the gas concentration detector feeds back that the gas concentration in the high-efficiency filtration purification chamber exceeds the set value, the controller sends out an alarm signal and controls the closure of the air inlet switch and the electric control valve. At this time, the tunnel boring machine driver breathes through the activated carbon composite high-efficiency filter membrane filtration mechanism installed on the breathing mask body;

[0025] During the tunneling operation of the tunnel boring machine, the thermal switch is in the open state in the initial state, and the heat energy generated by the tunneling operation of the tunneling head is transferred through the filling thermal conductive coating. The pressure gas working medium of the elastic airbag Ⅰ inside the tunneling head expands after absorbing heat, so that the elastic airbag Ⅰ pushes the piston Ⅰ of the piston cylinder Ⅰ to drive the piston Ⅱ of the piston cylinder Ⅱ to move backward through the piston connecting rod. While the piston Ⅱ moves backward, it compresses the elastic airbag Ⅱ. When the air pressure sensor in the elastic airbag Ⅱ feeds back that the air pressure in the elastic airbag Ⅱ reaches the set value, the controller controls the electronically controlled thermal phase change mechanism to perform heat absorption phase change, so that the pressure gas working medium of the elastic airbag Ⅰ is reduced in volume after absorbing heat. At the same time, the controller controls the closing of the thermal switch. The heat energy generated by the tunneling operation of the tunnel boring head is transferred to the inner cavity of the air storage mechanism through the filling thermal conductive coating, so that the pressure gas working medium of the elastic airbag Ⅱ absorbs heat and then The volume expands, and the elastic airbag II pushes the piston II of the piston cylinder II to drive the piston I of the piston cylinder I to move forward together through the piston connecting rod. When the air pressure sensor in the elastic airbag II feedbacks that the air pressure in the elastic airbag II reaches the set value, the controller controls the electronically controlled thermal phase change mechanism to perform an exothermic phase change, so that the pressure gas working medium of the elastic airbag I absorbs heat again and expands in volume. At the same time, the controller controls to open the thermal conductivity switch, and the pressure gas working medium of the elastic airbag II shrinks in volume after cooling. The elastic airbag I pushes the piston I of the piston cylinder I again through the piston connecting rod to drive the piston II of the piston cylinder II to move backward together, and so on, to realize the back-and-forth reciprocating movement of the piston connecting rod. During the back-and-forth reciprocating movement of the piston connecting rod, the magnetic flux lines of the magnetic induction coil are cut, and the generated electrical energy is input through the wire and stored in the power storage mechanism, and supplies electrical energy to the main control box.

[0026] As a further improvement of the present invention, the electrically controlled thermal phase change mechanism is provided in two groups, one group is provided in contact with the elastic airbag I or in the elastic airbag I, and the other group is provided in contact with the elastic airbag II or in the elastic airbag II. By controlling the alternating endothermic phase change and exothermic phase change of the two groups of electrically controlled thermal phase change mechanisms, the coordinated action of the elastic airbag I and the elastic airbag II is controlled.

[0027] Compared with the existing technology, this low-energy roadheader driver's position compressed air respiratory protection system has the following beneficial effects:

[0028] 1. The breathing detection smart chip equipped with the compressed air respiratory protection part of the present invention can monitor the breathing condition of the roadheader driver in real time. The working state of the air volume control mechanism can be adjusted according to actual needs to provide an appropriate amount of purified air, ensuring the roadheader driver's breathing comfort and preventing energy waste caused by excessive ventilation.

[0029] 2. The compressed air respiratory protection part of the present invention integrates a compressed air filter device and a compressed air breathing mask, which can effectively filter rust residue particles and harmful gases in the compressed air, ensuring the breathing safety of the tunnel boring machine driver in complex environments; at the same time, the gas concentration detector can monitor the gas concentration in the compressed air in real time and issue timely warnings, further improving safety.

[0030] 3. The present invention recovers the heat energy generated during the tunneling process of the tunneling machine through the tunneling machine energy recovery part set on the tunneling work device, and converts the heat energy into electrical energy for application to the respiratory protection system at the tunneling machine driver's position, which can reduce dependence on external power supply and improve overall energy efficiency.

[0031] 4. The energy recovery part of the tunnel boring machine of the present invention can control the high-temperature working environment by utilizing a thermal conductive coating, a thermal insulation coating and an electrically controlled thermal phase change mechanism according to the working state of the tunnel boring machine in harsh environments, thereby ensuring the stable operation of the tunnel boring machine equipment under complex working conditions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 It is a structural diagram of the tunnel boring machine in the tunneling operation state;

[0033] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the external structure of the excavation working device of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the self-generating process of the tunneling working device during the tunneling operation of the tunneling machine, wherein (a) is a schematic diagram of the structure in which the elastic airbag I pushes the piston I of the piston cylinder I to move backward through the piston connecting rod, and (b) is a schematic diagram of the structure in which the elastic airbag II pushes the piston II of the piston cylinder II to move forward through the piston connecting rod;

[0035] Figure 4 3. It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the compressed air breathing mask according to the present invention from an outer side view;

[0036] Figure 5 3D schematic diagram of the inner side view of the compressed air breathing mask of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the compressed air filtering device of the present invention.

[0038] In the figure: 1. Tunneling machine body, 2. Tunneling working device, 21. Tunneling head, 211. Filling thermal conductive coating, 212. Thermal insulation coating, 22. Piston mechanism, 221. Piston cylinder I, 222. Piston cylinder II, 223. Piston connecting rod, 224. Piston connecting rod guide structure, 23. Air storage mechanism, 231. Air pressure sensor, 24. Power reserve mechanism, 25. Support mechanism, 26. Magnetic induction coil, 271. Elastic airbag I, 272. Elastic airbag II, 28. Thermal conduction valve, 29. Electronically controlled thermal phase change mechanism, 3. Pressurized air breathing mask , 31. Respiratory mask body, 32. Activated carbon composite high-efficiency filter membrane filtration mechanism, 33. Adjustable mask strap, 34. Respiratory detection smart chip, 35. Air volume control mechanism, 36. Mask connecting pipe, 37. Air inlet switch, 4. Compressed air filtration device, 41. Oil-water separator, 42. High-efficiency filtration purification chamber, 43. Gas double purifier, 44. Protection box, 45. Clean gas transmission pipeline, 46. Electric control valve, 47. Gas concentration detector, 5. Air guide pipe, 6. Main control box, 7. Tunneling machine driver, 8. Tunnel, 9. High-pressure gas pipeline. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] Because tunnel boring machines consume a lot of energy, how to recover and utilize the energy generated during the tunneling process is a concern within the industry. However, existing energy recovery methods typically utilize energy recovery based on the operating characteristics of the machine. For example, since the boom of an excavator frequently raises and lowers during excavation and earthwork, the energy recovery method for excavators typically involves recovering the boom's potential energy for use in boom lifting, and the energy recovery method typically involves hydraulic energy storage in a hydraulic system. While the tunneling device of a tunnel boring machine also operates by lifting and lowering during tunneling, the purpose and effect of the tunneling device's excavation operation is to crush rock, not to lift earthwork. Furthermore, the lifting range of the tunneling device is much smaller than the lifting range of the excavator's boom. Therefore, the method for recovering the boom's potential energy for an excavator is not applicable to tunnel boring machines. The present invention recovers the heat energy generated during tunneling by a tunnel boring machine and converts the heat energy into electrical energy for use in the tunnel boring machine driver's respiratory protection system, thereby reducing energy consumption.

[0040] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings (hereinafter referred to as Figure 2 、 Figure 3 The left and right directions are described as the front-back directions).

[0041] The tunnel boring machine includes a tunnel boring machine body 1 and a tunnel boring machine working device 2 installed on the tunnel boring machine body 1. The tunnel boring machine working device 2 is installed on the tunnel boring machine body 1 as a whole through a supporting mechanism 25. The tunnel boring machine working device 2 includes a tunnel boring head 21. The low-energy consumption tunnel boring machine driver position compressed air breathing protection system includes a compressed air breathing protection part, a tunnel boring machine energy recovery part arranged on the tunnel boring machine working device 2, and a main control box 6 arranged on the tunnel boring machine body 1.

[0042] like Figure 1 As shown, the compressed air breathing protection part includes a compressed air breathing mask 3, a compressed air filter device 4 and a high-pressure air pipeline 9;

[0043] like Figure 4 、 Figure 5 As shown, the compressed air breathing mask 3 includes a breathing mask body 31, an activated carbon composite high-efficiency filter membrane filtering mechanism 32, an adjustable mask strap 33, a breathing detection smart chip 34, an air volume control mechanism 35 and a mask connecting pipe 36; the activated carbon composite high-efficiency filter membrane filtering mechanism 32 is installed on the breathing mask body 31, and is used to filter the dust gas from the external working environment entering the breathing mask body 31. The activated carbon composite high-efficiency filter membrane filtering mechanism 32 can be set as two pieces symmetrically relative to the breathing mask body 31; the adjustable A mask strap 33 is mounted on the breathing mask body 31 and is used by the tunnel boring machine driver 7 to wear the breathing mask body 31. A breathing detection smart chip 34 is disposed inside the breathing mask body 31 and is used to detect the breathing state of the tunnel boring machine driver 7. An air volume control mechanism 35, including an electrically controlled flow regulating valve, is disposed inside a mask connecting tube 36 connected to the breathing mask body 31 and is used to control the flow of compressed clean air entering the breathing mask body 31 through the mask connecting tube 36. The mask connecting tube 36 is also provided with an air inlet switch 37.

[0044] The compressed air filter device 4 is fixedly mounted on the tunnel wall of the tunnel 8 through an external protection box 44. Figure 6As shown, the compressed air filtering device 4 includes an oil-water separator 41, a high-efficiency filtering and purification chamber 42, a gas dual purifier 43, a clean gas delivery pipeline 45, an electric control valve 46 and a gas concentration detector 47; the input end of the oil-water separator 41 is connected to the high-pressure gas pipeline 9, the high-pressure gas pipeline 9 is connected to the compressed air delivery pipeline of the mine ventilation system, the output end of the oil-water separator 41 is connected to the output end of the high-efficiency filtering and purification chamber 42, the output end of the high-efficiency filtering and purification chamber 42 is connected to the input end of the electric control valve 46 through the clean gas delivery pipeline 45, and the gas dual purifier 43 is connected to the gas dual purifier 47. The input end of the heavy purifier 43 is connected to the output end of the electric control valve 46, and the output end of the gas dual purifier 43 is connected to the mask connecting pipe 36 of the compressed air breathing mask 3 through the air guide tube 5. The gas concentration detector 47 is arranged in the high-efficiency filtration and purification chamber 42, and the high-efficiency filtration and purification chamber 42 is provided with an activated carbon composite high-efficiency filter membrane. The gas dual purifier 43 is provided with an ultraviolet disinfection mechanism and a sterilizing filter screen. The oil-water separator 41, the activated carbon composite high-efficiency filter membrane, the ultraviolet disinfection mechanism and the sterilizing filter screen are all existing technologies and will not be described in detail here.

[0045] like Figure 2 、 Figure 3 As shown, the energy recovery part of the roadheader includes a piston mechanism 22, an air storage mechanism 23, an electric energy storage mechanism 24, a magnetic induction coil 26, a heat storage mechanism, a thermal switch 28 and an electrically controlled thermal phase change mechanism 29;

[0046] The rear end of the boring head 21 having a hollow inner cavity structure is coaxially fixedly connected to the front end of the piston mechanism 22 having a sleeve structure. The rear end of the piston mechanism 22 having a sleeve structure is coaxially fixedly connected to the barrel end of the air storage mechanism 23 having a barrel structure. The inner cavity of the boring head 21, the inner cavity of the piston mechanism 22, and the inner cavity of the air storage mechanism 23 together form a closed vacuum space.

[0047] An elastic airbag I 271 is provided in the tunneling head 21, and the elastic airbag I 271 is filled with a pressurized gas working medium. An elastic airbag II 272 is provided in the air storage mechanism 23, and the elastic airbag II 272 is filled with a pressurized gas working medium. The pressurized gas working medium is a gas with a high thermal conductivity such as hydrogen or helium, preferably helium. The air storage mechanism 23 also includes an air pressure sensor 231 arranged in the elastic airbag II 272. A piston cylinder I 221 and a piston cylinder II 222 are coaxially fixed and symmetrically provided in the piston mechanism 22, and the piston I in the piston cylinder I 221 and the piston II in the piston cylinder II 222 are coaxially fixed and connected through a piston connecting rod 223. In order to ensure the stability of the piston connecting rod 223 and to move coaxially in the front-to-back direction and to prevent unbalanced loads, the piston connecting rod 223 can be fixed in the front-to-back direction. The piston connecting rod guide structure 224 in the sleeve structure of the piston mechanism 22 is connected to the piston mechanism 22. The piston connecting rod guide structure 224 can be a guide rail provided in the sleeve structure of the piston mechanism 22 and a guide wheel structure provided on the piston connecting rod 223, or can be a slide rail provided in the sleeve structure of the piston mechanism 22 and a slider structure provided on the piston connecting rod 223, or other linear displacement guide structures. The front end of the piston I of the piston cylinder I 221 is transmission-connected to the elastic airbag I 271, and the rear end of the piston II of the piston cylinder II 222 is transmission-connected to the elastic airbag II 272. In order to achieve a better thermal expansion transmission effect, the front end of the piston I of the piston cylinder I 221 can be coaxially arranged with the elastic airbag I 271, and the rear end of the piston II of the piston cylinder II 222 can be coaxially arranged with the elastic airbag II 272.

[0048] The magnetic induction coil 26 is coaxially fixedly arranged inside or outside the piston mechanism 22, and the magnetic induction coil 26 is in a state of being sleeved on the outside of the piston connecting rod 223. The power storage mechanism 24 including the charging and discharging circuit and the rechargeable battery is installed on the main body of the tunnel boring machine, and the two ends of the piston connecting rod 223 are electrically connected to the power storage mechanism 24 through wires.

[0049] The heat storage mechanism includes a filled thermally conductive coating 211 and a thermally insulating coating 212. The filled thermally conductive coating 211, which includes a high thermal conductivity material such as asphalt-based carbon fiber, graphene fiber, or graphene composite carbon fiber, is disposed on the inner surfaces of the tunneling head 21 and the piston mechanism 22. The filled thermally conductive coating 211 on the inner surface of the tunneling head 21 and the filled thermally conductive coating 211 on the inner surface of the piston mechanism 22 are connected via a thermal switch 28. The thermally insulating coating 212, which includes a thermally insulating material such as nanoporous aerogel, glass wool, or rock wool, is disposed at least on the outer surface of the piston mechanism 22. To better control the conduction of heat to the interior, a wear-resistant thermally insulating coating including a wear-resistant thermally insulating material such as ceramic fiber, nano-ceramic microbeads, or a composite material made of ceramic fiber and a resin matrix can be disposed on the outer surface of the tunneling head 21 except for the tool holder.

[0050] The electrically controlled thermal phase change mechanism 29 is arranged in contact with the elastic airbag I 271, or the electrically controlled thermal phase change mechanism 29 is arranged in the elastic airbag I 271. The electrically controlled thermal phase change mechanism 29 is provided with thermal phase change materials such as molten salt phase change materials, organic phase change materials, alloy phase change materials, etc. It is an existing technology to control the phase change of thermal phase change materials through electrical control, which will not be described in detail here.

[0051] The main control box 6 includes a controller, which is electrically connected to the breathing detection intelligent chip 34, the electronically controlled flow regulating valve of the air volume control mechanism 35, the air inlet switch 37, the ultraviolet disinfection mechanism of the gas dual purifier 43, the electronically controlled valve 46, the gas concentration detector 47, the power storage mechanism 24, the air pressure sensor 231, the thermal conductivity switch 28 and the electronically controlled thermal phase change mechanism 29.

[0052] The working principle of the low-energy roadheader driver's position compressed air respiratory protection system:

[0053] Before starting the tunnel boring machine, ensure that the compressed air delivery pipeline of the mine ventilation system is connected to the high-pressure gas pipeline 9, so that the high-pressure gas pipeline 9 can continuously and stably supply pressurized air. After the tunnel boring machine driver 7 puts on the breathing mask body 31, he starts the main control box 6. The controller controls the electric control flow regulating valve of the air volume control mechanism 35, the air inlet switch 37, the ultraviolet disinfection mechanism of the gas dual purifier 43, the electric control valve 46, the gas concentration detector 47 and the air pressure sensor 231.

[0054] 1. Compressed air breathing protection: The pressurized air in the high-pressure gas pipeline 9 is separated and purified by the oil-water separator 41 and then enters the high-efficiency filtration purification chamber 42. The gas concentration detector 47 feeds back the gas concentration data in the high-efficiency filtration purification chamber 42 to the controller in real time. The activated carbon composite high-efficiency filter membrane in the high-efficiency filtration purification chamber 42 finely filters and purifies the pressurized air and then enters the gas double purifier 43 through the clean gas delivery pipeline 45 and the electric control valve 46. The ultraviolet disinfection mechanism and sterilizing filter net in the gas double purifier 43 sterilize and filter the pressurized air and then enter the breathing mask body 3 after the pressure is reduced through the air guide pipe 5, the air volume control mechanism 35, the mask connecting pipe 36 and the air inlet switch 37. 1. The breathing detection smart chip 34 provides real-time feedback to the controller on the inhalation volume data of the tunnel boring machine driver 7. When the breathing detection smart chip 34 indicates that the inhalation volume of the tunnel boring machine driver 7 exceeds a set range, the controller controls the operation of the electrically controlled flow regulating valve of the air volume control device 35 to adjust the flow rate of the compressed clean air entering the breathing mask body 31 in real time. When the gas concentration detector 47 indicates that the gas concentration in the high-efficiency filtration and purification chamber 42 exceeds a set value, the controller issues an alarm signal and controls the closure of the air inlet switch 37 and the electrically controlled valve 46. At this time, the tunnel boring machine driver 7 can utilize the activated carbon composite high-efficiency filter membrane filtration mechanism 32 installed on the breathing mask body 31 to ensure safe breathing for a longer period of time underground.

[0055] 2. Energy recovery of the roadheader: During the roadheader excavation operation, the thermal switch 28 is in the open state in the initial state. Figure 3 As shown in (a), the heat energy generated by the tunneling operation of the tunneling head 21 is transferred through the filling heat conductive coating 211. Since the heat conductive switch 28 is in the open state, the heat energy generated by the tunneling operation of the tunneling head 21 can only be transferred to the inner cavity of the tunneling head 21, and cannot be transferred to the inner cavity of the piston mechanism 22 and the inner cavity of the air storage mechanism 23. The pressure gas working medium of the elastic airbag I 271 inside the tunneling head 21 absorbs heat and expands in volume, causing the elastic airbag I 271 to push the piston I of the piston cylinder I 221 through The piston connecting rod 223 drives the piston II of the piston cylinder II 222 to move backward together. The piston II compresses the elastic airbag II 272 while moving backward. When the air pressure sensor 231 in the elastic airbag II 272 feedbacks that the air pressure in the elastic airbag II 272 reaches the set value, the controller controls the electronically controlled thermal phase change mechanism 29 to make the thermal phase change material undergo an endothermic phase change, so that the pressure gas working medium of the elastic airbag I 271 is reduced in volume after the heat is absorbed by the thermal phase change material. At the same time, the controller controls the closed thermal conductive switch 28. Figure 3 As shown in (b), the heat energy generated by the excavation operation of the tunneling head 21 is transferred to the inner cavity of the air storage mechanism 23 through the filling heat-conducting coating 211, so that the pressure gas working medium of the elastic airbag II 272 expands in volume after absorbing heat, and the elastic airbag II 272 pushes the piston II of the piston cylinder II 222 to drive the piston I of the piston cylinder I 221 to move forward together through the piston connecting rod 223. When the air pressure sensor 231 in the elastic airbag II 272 feeds back that the air pressure in the elastic airbag II 272 reaches the set value, the controller controls the electronically controlled thermal phase change mechanism 29 to make the thermal phase change material undergo an exothermic phase change, so that the pressure gas working medium of the elastic airbag I 271 expands in volume after absorbing heat again, and at the same time, the controller controls the opening and closing mechanism 29. The heat switch 28 is turned on, and the heat transfer channel of the heat energy generated by the tunneling operation of the tunneling head 21 to the air storage mechanism 23 is cut off, so that the pressure gas working medium of the elastic airbag II 272 is cooled and the volume is reduced. The elastic airbag I 271 then pushes the piston I of the piston cylinder I 221 again, and drives the piston II of the piston cylinder II 222 to move backward through the piston connecting rod 223. Similarly, the piston connecting rod 223 realizes the back-and-forth reciprocating movement. During the back-and-forth reciprocating movement, the piston connecting rod 223 cuts the magnetic flux lines of the magnetic induction coil 26, and the generated electrical energy is input through the wire and stored in the power storage mechanism 24, and supplies electrical energy to the main control box 6, so as to realize the recycling of the heat generated during the tunneling process of the tunneling machine.

[0056] In order to achieve better energy recovery and utilization effects, as a further improvement of the present invention, the electrically controlled thermal phase change mechanism 29 can be set as two groups, one group is set against the elastic airbag I 271, or is set in the elastic airbag I 271, and the other group is set against the elastic airbag II 272, or is set in the elastic airbag II 272. By controlling the alternating endothermic phase change and exothermic phase change of the two groups of electrically controlled thermal phase change mechanisms 29, the coordinated action of the elastic airbag I 271 and the elastic airbag II 272 can be controlled, thereby achieving the control of the piston connecting rod 223 to move back and forth at a basically consistent speed.

[0057] The present invention can supply purified air treated by the compressed air filter device 4 to the tunnel boring machine driver through the compressed air breathing mask 3 through the compressed air breathing protection part, and can effectively filter rust residue particles and harmful gases in the compressed air, thereby ensuring the breathing safety of the tunnel boring machine driver in a complex environment; through the tunnel boring machine energy recovery part, it can recover the heat energy generated during the tunnel boring machine excavation process and convert it into electrical energy to power the respiratory protection system, which can not only reduce the energy consumption of the respiratory protection system, but also greatly alleviate the problems of high working environment temperature and high labor intensity of the operator caused by the accumulation of a large amount of heat energy during the tunnel boring machine excavation operation.

Claims

1. A low-energy consumption tunnel boring machine driver's position compressed air breathing protection system, the tunnel boring machine comprising a tunnel boring machine body (1) and a tunnel boring machine working device (2) mounted on the tunnel boring machine body (1), the tunnel boring machine working device (2) being mounted on the tunnel boring machine body (1) as a whole via a supporting mechanism (25), the tunnel boring machine working device (2) comprising a tunnel boring head (21); characterized in that: A compressed air type respiratory protection system for a low energy consumption roadheader driver comprises a compressed air type respiratory protection part and a main control box (6); The compressed air breathing protection part includes a compressed air breathing mask (3), a compressed air filtering device (4) and a high-pressure air pipeline (9); The compressed air breathing mask (3) comprises a breathing mask body (31), an activated carbon composite high-efficiency filter membrane filtering mechanism (32), an adjustable mask belt (33), a breathing detection intelligent chip (34), an air volume control mechanism (35) and a mask connecting pipe (36); the activated carbon composite high-efficiency filter membrane filtering mechanism (32) and the adjustable mask belt (33) are respectively mounted on the breathing mask body (31); and the breathing detection intelligent chip (34) is arranged inside the breathing mask body (31); An air volume control mechanism (35) including an electrically controlled flow regulating valve is arranged inside a mask connecting pipe (36) communicating with the breathing mask body (31), and an air inlet switch (37) is also provided on the mask connecting pipe (36); The compressed air filtering device (4) is fixedly installed on the tunnel wall of the tunnel (8), and the compressed air filtering device (4) includes an oil-water separator (41), a high-efficiency filtering and purification chamber (42), a gas double purifier (43), a clean gas delivery pipeline (45), an electric control valve (46) and a gas concentration detector (47); the input end of the oil-water separator (41) is connected to the high-pressure gas pipeline (9), the high-pressure gas pipeline (9) is connected to the compressed air delivery pipeline of the mine ventilation system, the output end of the oil-water separator (41) is connected to the output end of the high-efficiency filtering and purification chamber (42), and the high-efficiency filtering and purification chamber ( The output end of the gas purifier (42) is connected to the input end of the electric control valve (46) through the clean gas delivery pipeline (45), the input end of the gas double purifier (43) is connected to the output end of the electric control valve (46), the output end of the gas double purifier (43) is connected to the mask connecting pipe (36) of the compressed air breathing mask (3) through the air guide pipe (5), the gas concentration detector (47) is arranged in the high-efficiency filtration purification chamber (42), the high-efficiency filtration purification chamber (42) is provided with an activated carbon composite high-efficiency filter membrane, and the gas double purifier (43) is provided with an ultraviolet disinfection mechanism and a sterilization filter screen; A main control box (6) is arranged on the main body (1) of the tunnel boring machine. The main control box (6) includes a controller, which is electrically connected to a breathing detection intelligent chip (34), an electrically controlled flow regulating valve of an air volume control mechanism (35), an air inlet switch (37), an ultraviolet disinfection mechanism of a gas dual purifier (43), an electrically controlled valve (46), and a gas concentration detector (47). The low-energy consumption tunnel boring machine driver position compressed air type respiratory protection system further comprises a tunnel boring machine energy recovery part arranged on the tunnel boring work device (2); The energy recovery part of the roadheader includes a piston mechanism (22), an air storage mechanism (23), an electric energy storage mechanism (24), a magnetic induction coil (26), a heat storage mechanism, a heat conduction switch (28) and an electric control thermal phase change mechanism (29); The rear end of the boring head (21) having a hollow inner cavity structure is coaxially fixedly connected to the front end of the piston mechanism (22) having a sleeve structure, and the rear end of the piston mechanism (22) having a sleeve structure is coaxially fixedly connected to the barrel end of the air storage mechanism (23) having a barrel structure. The inner cavity of the boring head (21), the inner cavity of the piston mechanism (22) and the inner cavity of the air storage mechanism (23) together form a closed vacuum space. An elastic airbag I (271) is provided in the tunneling head (21), and the elastic airbag I (271) is filled with a pressurized gas working medium. An elastic airbag II (272) is provided in the air storage mechanism (23), and the elastic airbag II (272) is filled with a pressurized gas working medium. The air storage mechanism (23) also includes an air pressure sensor (231) arranged in the elastic airbag II (272). A piston cylinder I (221) and a piston cylinder II (222) are coaxially fixed and symmetrically arranged in front and back in the piston mechanism (22). The piston I in the piston cylinder I (221) and the piston II in the piston cylinder II (222) are coaxially fixed and connected via a piston connecting rod (223). The piston I of the piston cylinder I (221) is in transmission connection with the elastic airbag I (271), and the piston II of the piston cylinder II (222) is in transmission connection with the elastic airbag II (272). The magnetic induction coil (26) is coaxially fixedly arranged inside or outside the piston mechanism (22), and the magnetic induction coil (26) is in a state of being sleeved on the outside of the piston connecting rod (223). An electric energy storage mechanism (24) including a charging and discharging circuit and a rechargeable battery is installed on the main body of the tunnel boring machine, and both ends of the piston connecting rod (223) are electrically connected to the electric energy storage mechanism (24) through wires. The heat storage mechanism comprises a filling heat-conducting coating (211) and a heat-insulating coating (212); the filling heat-conducting coating (211) comprising a heat-conducting material is arranged on the inner surface of the sealed vacuum space, and the filling heat-conducting coating (211) on the inner surface of the tunneling head (21) and the filling heat-conducting coating (211) on the inner surface of the piston mechanism (22) are connected via a heat-conducting switch (28); the heat-insulating coating (212) comprising a heat-insulating material is at least arranged on the outer surface of the piston mechanism (22); The electrically controlled thermal phase change mechanism (29) is arranged close to the elastic airbag I (271), or the electrically controlled thermal phase change mechanism (29) is arranged inside the elastic airbag I (271), and a thermal phase change material is arranged inside the electrically controlled thermal phase change mechanism (29); The electric energy storage mechanism (24), the air pressure sensor (231), the thermal switch (28) and the electrically controlled thermal phase change mechanism (29) are electrically connected to the controller of the main control box (6) respectively.

2. The low-energy consumption roadheader driver's position compressed air breathing protection system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The electrically controlled thermal phase change mechanism (29) is provided in two groups, one group being arranged against the elastic airbag I (271) or arranged in the elastic airbag I (271), and the other group being arranged against the elastic airbag II (272) or arranged in the elastic airbag II (272).

3. The low-energy consumption roadheader driver's position compressed air breathing protection system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The piston connecting rod (223) is connected to the piston mechanism (22) via a piston connecting rod guide structure (224) fixedly arranged in the shaft sleeve structure of the piston mechanism (22) along the front-back direction.

4. The low-energy consumption roadheader driver's position compressed air breathing protection system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The front end of the piston I of the piston cylinder I (221) is coaxially arranged with the elastic airbag I (271), and the rear end of the piston II of the piston cylinder II (222) is coaxially arranged with the elastic airbag II (272).

5. The low-energy consumption roadheader driver's position compressed air breathing protection system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The heat-conducting material filling the heat-conducting coating (211) is asphalt-based carbon fiber, or graphene fiber, or graphene composite carbon fiber; the heat-insulating material of the heat-insulating coating (212) is nanoporous aerogel, or glass wool, or rock wool; the heat phase change material in the electrically controlled heat phase change mechanism (29) is a molten salt phase change material, or an organic phase change material, or an alloy phase change material.

6. The low-energy consumption roadheader driver's position compressed air breathing protection system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The pressurized gas working medium is hydrogen or helium.

7. A low-energy tunnel boring machine driver position compressed air type respiratory protection method based on the low-energy tunnel boring machine driver position compressed air type respiratory protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before starting the tunnel boring machine, ensure that the compressed air delivery pipeline of the mine ventilation system is connected to the high-pressure gas pipeline (9). After the tunnel boring machine driver (7) wears the breathing mask body (31), the main control box (6) is started. The controller controls the electric control flow regulating valve of the air volume control mechanism (35), the air inlet switch (37), the ultraviolet disinfection mechanism of the gas double purifier (43), the electric control valve (46), the gas concentration detector (47) and the air pressure sensor (231). The pressurized air in the high-pressure gas pipeline (9) is separated and purified by the oil-water separator (41) and then enters the high-efficiency filtration purification chamber (42). The gas concentration detector (47) feeds back the gas concentration data in the high-efficiency filtration purification chamber (42) to the controller in real time. The activated carbon composite high-efficiency filter membrane in the high-efficiency filtration purification chamber (42) finely filters and purifies the pressurized air and then enters the gas double purifier (43) through the clean gas delivery pipeline (45) and the electric control valve (46). The ultraviolet disinfection mechanism and the sterilization filter net in the gas double purifier (43) sterilize and filter the pressurized air and then enter the breathing mask body after the pressure is reduced through the air guide pipe (5), the air volume control mechanism (35), the mask connecting pipe (36) and the air inlet switch (37). (31), the breathing detection smart chip (34) feeds back the inhalation volume data of the tunnel boring machine driver (7) to the controller in real time; when the breathing detection smart chip (34) feeds back that the inhalation volume of the tunnel boring machine driver (7) exceeds the set range, the controller controls the electric control flow regulating valve of the air volume control device (35) to adjust the flow of the compressed air clean gas entering the breathing mask body (31) in real time; when the gas concentration detector (47) feeds back that the gas concentration in the high-efficiency filtration purification chamber (42) exceeds the set value, the controller sends out an alarm signal and controls the closing of the air inlet switch (37) and the electric control valve (46), at which time the tunnel boring machine driver (7) breathes through the activated carbon composite high-efficiency filter membrane filtration mechanism (32) installed on the breathing mask body (31); During the tunneling operation of the tunneling machine, the heat conduction switch (28) is in the open state in the initial state. The heat energy generated by the tunneling operation of the tunneling head (21) is transferred through the filling heat conductive coating (211). The pressure gas working medium in the elastic airbag I (271) inside the tunneling head (21) absorbs heat and expands in volume, causing the elastic airbag I (271) to push the piston I of the piston cylinder I (221) through the piston connecting rod (223) to drive the piston II of the piston cylinder II (222) to move backward. The piston II compresses the elastic airbag II (272) while moving backward. When the air pressure sensor (231) in the elastic airbag II (272) feeds back that the air pressure in the elastic airbag II (272) reaches the set value, the controller controls the electrically controlled thermal phase change mechanism (29) to perform heat absorption phase change, so that the pressure gas working medium in the elastic airbag I (271) is reduced in volume after absorbing heat. At the same time, the controller controls the closing heat conduction switch (28), and the heat energy generated by the excavation operation of the excavation head (21) is transferred to the inner cavity of the air storage mechanism (23) through the filling heat conduction coating (211), so that the pressure gas working medium in the elastic airbag II (272) absorbs heat and reduces the volume. The volume expands, and the elastic airbag II (272) pushes the piston II of the piston cylinder II (222) to drive the piston I of the piston cylinder I (221) to move forward together through the piston connecting rod (223). When the air pressure sensor (231) in the elastic airbag II (272) feeds back that the air pressure in the elastic airbag II (272) reaches the set value, the controller controls the electronically controlled thermal phase change mechanism (29) to perform heat release phase change, so that the pressure gas working medium of the elastic airbag I (271) absorbs heat again and expands in volume. At the same time, the controller controls the opening of the thermal switch (28) and the elastic airbag. The volume of the pressurized gas medium in the bag II (272) is reduced after the temperature drops, and the elastic bag I (271) pushes the piston I of the piston cylinder I (221) again, and drives the piston II of the piston cylinder II (222) to move backward through the piston connecting rod (223). Similarly, the piston connecting rod (223) can move back and forth in a circular motion. During the process of the back and forth reciprocating motion, the piston connecting rod (223) cuts the magnetic flux lines of the magnetic induction coil (26), and the generated electric energy is input through the wire and stored in the electric energy storage mechanism (24), and supplies electric energy to the main control box (6).

8. The compressed air breathing protection method for the driver of a low-energy tunnel boring machine according to claim 7, characterized in that: The electrically controlled thermal phase change mechanism (29) is provided in two groups, one group being arranged against the elastic airbag I (271) or arranged in the elastic airbag I (271), and the other group being arranged against the elastic airbag II (272) or arranged in the elastic airbag II (272); The coordinated action of the elastic airbag I (271) and the elastic airbag II (272) is controlled by controlling the alternating endothermic phase change and exothermic phase change of the two sets of electrically controlled thermal phase change mechanisms (29).

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