High-speed high-rigidity ultra-precise air floating main shaft unit equipment

Abstract

The invention discloses high-speed high-rigidity ultra-precise air floating main shaft unit equipment which comprises a base, a shell, an end cover, a bolt, a shaft shoulder, a second ring groove, a second air hole, a fourth sealing ring, a second air return hole, a suspension rotor, an electromagnet, a coil, a third connector, a second main air channel, a second branch air channel, a clamp, a working shaft, a cavity, a limiting block and an inner shaft. The magnetic suspension technology is introduced, so that the air floating main shaft can enjoy more stable support during operation, the rigidity of the main shaft is enhanced, and the excellent stability can still be kept when the main shaft bears high load or operates at a high speed; due to the characteristic, the air floating main shaft can show higher machining precision and longer service life in the field of precision machining, the stability of the shaft shoulder is guaranteed through the shaft shoulder stabilizing structure, better support and stability are provided when the air floating main shaft is subjected to external impact or load, the rotating precision of the main shaft is improved, and the service life of the air floating main shaft is prolonged. And the overall production efficiency and the product quality are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of air-floating spindles, and in particular to a high-speed, high-rigidity, ultra-precision air-floating spindle unit device. Background Art

[0002] An air-floating spindle refers to a sliding bearing that uses gas (usually air, but it may also be other gases) as a lubricant; it achieves processing through high-speed rotation and is composed of a motor, bearings, a gas supply system and other parts. During operation, the gas supply system provides compressed air with a certain pressure and flow to the bearing part; this air is controlled by adjusting valves and filters to ensure its stability and precision; when the compressed air enters the bearing part, it will form a thin layer of air film that rotates at high speed during the rotation process; this air film will generate an upward supporting force, allowing the spindle to float above it and rotate freely.

[0003] The existing air-floating spindles have the following defects: First, while pursuing high-speed rotation and low friction, the air-floating spindles are often accompanied by compromises in rigidity; this lack of rigidity may lead to poor spindle stability when bearing large loads or performing high-precision processing, thereby affecting the processing accuracy. Insufficient rigidity may also limit the application of the spindle in a wider range of industrial fields, especially in precision manufacturing that requires high rigidity and stability. This problem is particularly prominent; second, in actual applications, due to the interference of various factors, its accuracy is often difficult to meet theoretical expectations; this lack of accuracy may cause the processed products to fail to meet strict tolerance requirements, thereby affecting the overall product quality and production efficiency; third, although the air-floating spindle reduces traditional mechanical friction through gas lubrication, friction and wear may still occur between the journal and the bearing under long-term operation or harsh working conditions. This friction and wear will not only reduce the rotation accuracy and stability of the spindle, but may also accelerate the aging and damage of the spindle and shorten its service life. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a high-speed, high-rigidity, ultra-precision air-bearing spindle unit device to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a high-speed, high-rigidity, ultra-precision air-floating spindle unit device, comprising a base, an outer shell fixedly connected to an outer wall of one side of the base, an inner shell fixedly connected to an inner wall of the outer shell, an air-floating sleeve fixedly connected to the inner wall of the inner shell, a spindle body sleeved in the air-floating sleeve, a suspended rotor fixedly connected to the outer wall of the spindle body, an electromagnet sleeved on the suspended rotor, and the electromagnet fixedly connected to the inner wall of the inner shell, a coil is arranged on the electromagnet, an inner shaft is sleeved in the spindle body, a limit block is arranged on the outer wall of the inner shaft, and the limit block is slidably connected to the inner wall of the spindle body.

[0006] As a further technical solution of the present invention, a first annular groove is provided on the outer wall of the air flotation sleeve, a first air hole is provided on the inner wall of the first annular groove, a return air annular groove is provided on the inner wall of the air flotation sleeve, a first return air hole is provided on the inner wall of the return air annular groove, a cavity is provided between the outer shell and the inner shell, and the first return air hole is connected to the cavity, a return air joint is fixedly connected to the outer shell, and a third sealing ring is sleeved on both ends of the air flotation sleeve.

[0007] As a further technical solution of the present invention, a first joint is fixedly connected to the outer walls on both sides of the base, a first main airway is opened in the inner shell, and the first joint is conductively connected to the first main airway, the first main airway is conductively connected to a first branch airway, and the first branch airway is conductively connected to the first annular groove.

[0008] As a further technical solution of the present invention, a fixed plate is fixedly connected to the base, a first piston is provided on one side of the fixed plate, a second piston is provided on the other side of the fixed plate, and the first piston and the second piston are both sleeved in the base, a connecting column is fixedly connected to the outer wall of one side of the first piston, and the other end of the connecting column is fixedly connected to the second piston, a coupling is rotatably connected to the second piston, and the other end of the coupling is fixedly connected to the inner shaft, a first sealing ring is sleeved on the first piston, and a second sealing ring is sleeved on the second piston.

[0009] As a further technical solution of the present invention, a spring is arranged on one outer wall of the fixing plate, and the other end of the spring is arranged on one outer wall of the first piston, and a third joint is fixedly connected to one outer wall of the base.

[0010] As a further technical solution of the present invention, a rotating rotor is fixedly connected to the main shaft body, a stator is sleeved on the rotating rotor, and the stator is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the inner shell.

[0011] As a further technical solution of the present invention, a shaft shoulder is fixedly connected to the main shaft body, a fixed sleeve is sleeved at a position on the main shaft body corresponding to the shaft shoulder, and the fixed sleeve is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the inner shell, a floating groove is opened in the fixed sleeve, and the shaft shoulder is arranged in the floating groove, and a fourth sealing ring is sleeved on the fixed sleeve.

[0012] As a further technical solution of the present invention, a second annular groove is provided on the outer wall of the fixed sleeve, a second air hole is provided in the second annular groove, and the second air hole is conductively connected to the floating groove, and a second air return hole is provided on the inner wall of the inner shell at a position corresponding to the second annular groove, and the second air return hole is conductively connected to the cavity.

[0013] As a further technical solution of the present invention, a second joint is fixedly connected to the outer walls on both sides of the base, a second main airway is opened in the inner shell, the second main airway is conductively connected to a second branch airway, and the second branch airway is conductively connected to the second annular groove.

[0014] As a further technical solution of the present invention, an end cover is provided at one end of the outer shell, a bolt is sleeved on the end cover, and the other end of the bolt is threadedly connected to the inner shell, one end of the inner shaft is fixedly connected to a clamp, and a working shaft is fixedly connected inside the clamp.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention introduces magnetic levitation technology, so that the air-floating spindle can enjoy more stable support during operation, enhances the rigidity of the spindle, and enables it to maintain excellent stability when subjected to high loads or high-speed operation. This feature enables the air-floating spindle to exhibit higher machining accuracy and longer service life in the field of precision machining, and through the shoulder stabilization structure, the stability of the shoulder is guaranteed, and when subjected to external impact or load, better support and stability are provided, thereby improving the rotation accuracy of the spindle, and improving the overall production efficiency and product quality. At the same time, the introduction of magnetic levitation technology improves the suspension effect, so that the journal at one end of the spindle reduces friction and wear, which not only extends the service life of the spindle, but also reduces the heat and noise generated by friction, making the air-floating spindle more stable and quiet during operation, which helps to maintain the accuracy stability of the spindle, so that it can still maintain excellent machining performance after long-term operation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 2 It is a front view structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional cutaway structure of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of the A area in the middle;

[0020] Figure 5 It is a front view cutaway structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 6 for Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of the middle B area;

[0022] Figure 7 for Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of the middle C area;

[0023] Figure 8 for Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of the D area in the middle.

[0024] In the figure: 1, base; 2, outer shell; 3, end cover; 4, bolt; 5, first piston; 6, fixing plate; 7, second piston; 8, spring; 9, first sealing ring; 10, second sealing ring; 11, connecting column; 12, coupling; 13, main shaft body; 14, stator; 15, rotating rotor; 16, inner shell; 17, air flotation sleeve; 18, first ring groove; 19, first air hole; 20, first joint; 21, second joint; 22, return air joint; 23, first main air channel; 24 , the first air duct; 25, the third sealing ring; 26, the return air ring groove; 27, the first return air hole; 28, the fixed sleeve; 29, the floating groove; 30, the shaft shoulder; 31, the second ring groove; 32, the second air hole; 33, the fourth sealing ring; 34, the second return air hole; 35, the suspended rotor; 36, the electromagnet; 37, the coil; 38, the third joint; 39, the second main air duct; 40, the second air duct; 41, the fixture; 42, the working shaft; 43, the cavity; 44, the limit block; 45, the inner shaft. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] Please see attached Figure 1 -Attached Figure 8An embodiment of the present invention is as follows: a high-speed, high-rigidity, ultra-precision air-floating spindle unit device, comprising a base 1, an outer shell 2 is fixedly connected to an outer wall of one side of the base 1, an inner shell 16 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the outer shell 2, an air-floating sleeve 17 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the inner shell 16, a spindle body 13 is sleeved in the air-floating sleeve 17, a suspension rotor 35 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the spindle body 13, an electromagnet 36 is sleeved on the suspension rotor 35, and the electromagnet 36 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the inner shell 16, a coil 37 is arranged on the electromagnet 36, an inner shaft 45 is sleeved in the spindle body 13, a limit block 44 is arranged on the outer wall of the inner shaft 45, and the limit block 44 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the spindle body 13; the outer wall of the air-floating sleeve 17 A first annular groove 18 is provided on the wall, a first air hole 19 is provided on the inner wall of the first annular groove 18, a return air annular groove 26 is provided on the inner wall of the air flotation sleeve 17, a first return air hole 27 is provided on the inner wall of the return air annular groove 26, a cavity 43 is provided between the outer shell 2 and the inner shell 16, and the first return air hole 27 is connected to the cavity 43, an air return joint 22 is fixedly connected to the outer shell 2, and a third sealing ring 25 is sleeved on both ends of the air flotation sleeve 17. The first annular groove 18 and the first air hole 19 are used to introduce compressed air into the main shaft body 13, and a high-speed rotating thin layer of air film is formed during the rotation process. This air film will generate an upward supporting force, so that the main shaft body 13 can be suspended in the air flotation sleeve 17 and can rotate freely; bottom A first joint 20 is fixedly connected to the outer walls on both sides of the seat 1, a first main air channel 23 is opened in the inner shell 16, and the first joint 20 is conductively connected to the first main air channel 23, and the first branch air channel 24 is conductively connected to the first main air channel 23, and the first branch air channel 24 is conductively connected to the first annular groove 18, and the first joint 20, the first main air channel 23 and the first branch air channel 24 are used to transport gas to the first annular groove 18; a fixed plate 6 is fixedly connected to the base 1, a first piston 5 is provided on one side of the fixed plate 6, and a second piston 7 is provided on the other side of the fixed plate 6, and the first piston 5 and the second piston 7 are both sleeved in the base 1, a connecting column 11 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of one side of the first piston 5, and the other end of the connecting column 11 is fixedly connected to the second piston 7 On the upper part, a coupling 12 is rotatably connected to the second piston 7, and the other end of the coupling 12 is fixedly connected to the inner shaft 45, a first sealing ring 9 is sleeved on the first piston 5, and a second sealing ring 10 is sleeved on the second piston 7, and the first piston 5 and the second piston 7 are used to push the inner shaft 45; a spring 8 is provided on the outer wall of one side of the fixed plate 6, and the other end of the spring 8 is provided on the outer wall of one side of the first piston 5, and a third joint 38 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of one side of the base 1, and the spring 8 is used to reset the first piston 5; a rotating rotor 15 is fixedly connected to the main shaft body 13, a stator 14 is sleeved on the rotating rotor 15, and the stator 14 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the inner shell 16, and the rotating rotor 15 and the stator 14 are used to drive the main shaft body 13 to rotate;A shoulder 30 is fixedly connected to the main shaft body 13, a fixed sleeve 28 is sleeved at a position on the main shaft body 13 corresponding to the shoulder 30, and the fixed sleeve 28 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the inner shell 16, a floating groove 29 is provided in the fixed sleeve 28, and the shoulder 30 is arranged in the floating groove 29, a fourth sealing ring 33 is sleeved on the fixed sleeve 28, the shoulder 30 is used for positioning and support, and provides additional support and stability when the main shaft body 13 is subjected to external impact or load; a second annular groove 31 is provided on the outer wall of the fixed sleeve 28, a second air hole 32 is provided in the second annular groove 31, and the second air hole 32 is conductively connected to the floating groove 29, a second air return hole 34 is provided on the inner wall of the inner shell 16 at a position corresponding to the second annular groove 31, and the second air return hole 34 is conductively connected to the cavity 43 The fixed sleeve 28, the floating groove 29, the second annular groove 31 and the second air hole 32 are used to keep the shaft shoulder 30 in a floating state; the second joints 21 are fixedly connected to the outer walls of both sides of the base 1, and the second main air channel 39 is provided in the inner shell 16. The second main air channel 39 is connected to the second branch air channel 40, and the second branch air channel 40 is connected to the second annular groove 31. The second joint 21, the second main air channel 39 and the second branch air channel 40 are used to deliver air to the second annular groove 31; an end cover 3 is provided at one end of the outer shell 2, and a bolt 4 is sleeved on the end cover 3, and the other end of the bolt 4 is threadedly connected to the inner shell 16, and a clamp 41 is fixedly connected to one end of the inner shaft 45, and a working shaft 42 is fixedly connected in the clamp 41, and the end cover 3 and the bolt 4 are used to close the outer shell 2 and the inner shell 16, and the clamp 41 is used to connect the working shaft 42. ;

[0027] Working principle: When using the present invention, the air source is connected through the first joint 20 on the base 1 and is transported to the first annular groove 18 on the air flotation sleeve 17 through the first main air channel 23 and the first branch air channel 24 in the inner shell 16, and is transported to the outer wall of the main shaft body 13 through the first air hole 19. When the compressed air enters the main shaft body 13, a high-speed rotating thin layer of air film will be formed during the rotation process. This air film will generate an upward supporting force, so that the main shaft body 13 can be suspended in the air flotation sleeve 17 and can rotate freely, achieving the purpose of air flotation rotation. The airflow enters the outer shell 2 through the first return air hole 27 in the return air annular groove 26. The suspension rotor 35 on one side of the shoulder 30 of the main shaft body 13 rotates in the electromagnet 36 during the rotation process. The electromagnet 36 generates a magnetic field through the coil 37, so that the suspension rotor 35 is suspended in the electromagnet 36, further improving the rigidity, stability, rotation accuracy and protection of the shaft end. The power of the main shaft body 13 comes from the rotating rotor 15 at one end. When the stator 14 winding is connected to the current, a magnetic field is generated around the stator 14 core. The magnetic field of the rotating rotor 15 interacts with the rotating magnetic field generated by the stator 14 to generate an attraction or repulsion force. This force acts On the rotating rotor 15, it starts to rotate, thereby driving the main shaft body 13 to rotate. During the rotation process, the shoulder 30 is located in the floating groove 29 in the fixed sleeve 28, and the compressed air flow is delivered to the second annular groove 31 through the second joint 21, the second main air channel 39 and the second branch air channel 40, and is delivered to both sides of the shoulder 30 through the second air hole 32, so that the shoulder 30 remains in a floating state in the floating groove 29, and returns air to the cavity 43 through the second air return hole 34. By controlling the strength of the airflow on both sides, the position of the shoulder 30 in the floating groove 29 is balanced to prevent the shoulder 30 from colliding, thereby further improving the rigidity and stability of the air-floating main shaft. When the working shaft 42 is to be replaced, air is introduced through the third joint 38, and the airflow pushes the first piston 5 to move. The first piston 5 drives the second piston 7 to move synchronously through the connecting column 11. At the same time, the spring 8 on the fixed plate 6 is compressed, and the second piston 7 pushes the inner shaft 45 through the coupling 12. The inner shaft 45 further pushes the fixture 41 out of the main shaft body 13, and the fixture 41 is opened to replace the working shaft 42, and then reset under the action of the spring 8; wherein the end cover 3 and the bolt 4 are used to close the outer shell 2 and the inner shell 16, the first sealing ring 9, the second sealing ring 10, the third sealing ring 25 and the fourth sealing ring 33 are used for sealing, and the limit block 44 is used for circumferential limitation of the inner shaft 45.

[0028] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential features of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered exemplary and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims be included in the invention. Any reference numeral in a claim should not be considered as limiting the claim to which it relates.

Claims

1. A high-speed, high-rigidity, ultra-precision air-floating spindle unit device, comprising a base (1), characterized in that: An outer shell (2) is fixedly connected to an outer wall of one side of the base (1), an inner shell (16) is fixedly connected to an inner wall of the outer shell (2), an air-floating sleeve (17) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the inner shell (16), a main shaft body (13) is sleeved in the air-floating sleeve (17), a suspension rotor (35) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the main shaft body (13), an electromagnet (36) is sleeved on the suspension rotor (35), and the electromagnet (36) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the inner shell (16), a coil (37) is arranged on the electromagnet (36), an inner shaft (45) is sleeved in the main shaft body (13), a limit block (44) is arranged on the outer wall of the inner shaft (45), and the limit block (44) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the main shaft body (13).

2. The high-speed, high-rigidity, ultra-precision air-floating spindle unit device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer wall of the air flotation sleeve (17) is provided with a first annular groove (18), the inner wall of the first annular groove (18) is provided with a first air hole (19), the inner wall of the air flotation sleeve (17) is provided with a return air annular groove (26), the inner wall of the return air annular groove (26) is provided with a first return air hole (27), a cavity (43) is provided between the outer shell (2) and the inner shell (16), and the first return air hole (27) is connected to the cavity (43), the outer shell (2) is fixedly connected with an air return joint (22), and the two ends of the air flotation sleeve (17) are sleeved with a third sealing ring (25).

3. The high-speed, high-rigidity, ultra-precision air-floating spindle unit device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first joint (20) is fixedly connected to the outer walls on both sides of the base (1); a first main airway (23) is provided in the inner shell (16); the first joint (20) is conductively connected to the first main airway (23); a first branch airway (24) is conductively connected to the first main airway (23); and the first branch airway (24) is conductively connected to the first annular groove (18).

4. The high-speed, high-rigidity, ultra-precision air-floating spindle unit device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A fixing plate (6) is fixedly connected inside the base (1), a first piston (5) is arranged on one side of the fixing plate (6), a second piston (7) is arranged on the other side of the fixing plate (6), and both the first piston (5) and the second piston (7) are sleeved inside the base (1), a connecting column (11) is fixedly connected to an outer wall of one side of the first piston (5), and the other end of the connecting column (11) is fixedly connected to the second piston (7), a coupling (12) is rotatably connected to the second piston (7), and the other end of the coupling (12) is fixedly connected to the inner shaft (45), a first sealing ring (9) is sleeved on the first piston (5), and a second sealing ring (10) is sleeved on the second piston (7).

5. The high-speed, high-rigidity, ultra-precision air-floating spindle unit device according to claim 4, characterized in that: A spring (8) is arranged on one outer wall of the fixed plate (6), and the other end of the spring (8) is arranged on one outer wall of the first piston (5). A third joint (38) is fixedly connected to one outer wall of the base (1).

6. The high-speed, high-rigidity, ultra-precision air-floating spindle unit device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main shaft body (13) is fixedly connected with a rotating rotor (15), the rotating rotor (15) is sleeved with a stator (14), and the stator (14) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the inner shell (16).

7. The high-speed, high-rigidity, ultra-precision air-bearing spindle unit device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A shaft shoulder (30) is fixedly connected to the main shaft body (13); a fixed sleeve (28) is sleeved at a position on the main shaft body (13) corresponding to the shaft shoulder (30); the fixed sleeve (28) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the inner shell (16); a floating groove (29) is provided in the fixed sleeve (28); the shaft shoulder (30) is arranged in the floating groove (29); and a fourth sealing ring (33) is sleeved on the fixed sleeve (28).

8. The high-speed, high-rigidity, ultra-precision air-bearing spindle unit device according to claim 7, characterized in that: A second annular groove (31) is formed on the outer wall of the fixed sleeve (28), a second air hole (32) is formed in the second annular groove (31), and the second air hole (32) is conductively connected to the floating groove (29); a second air return hole (34) is formed on the inner wall of the inner shell (16) at a position corresponding to the second annular groove (31), and the second air return hole (34) is conductively connected to the cavity (43).

9. The high-speed, high-rigidity, ultra-precision air-bearing spindle unit device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The second joints (21) are fixedly connected to the outer walls on both sides of the base (1), a second main airway (39) is provided in the inner shell (16), the second main airway (39) is conductively connected to a second branch airway (40), and the second branch airway (40) is conductively connected to the second annular groove (31).

10. The high-speed, high-rigidity, ultra-precision air-bearing spindle unit device according to claim 1, characterized in that: An end cover (3) is provided at one end of the outer shell (2), a bolt (4) is sleeved on the end cover (3), and the other end of the bolt (4) is threadedly connected to the inner shell (16), one end of the inner shaft (45) is fixedly connected to a clamp (41), and a working shaft (42) is fixedly connected inside the clamp (41).

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