Ecological improvement and restoration system and method for soil in desertification region

Abstract

The invention discloses a desertification region soil ecology improvement and restoration system which comprises a multifunctional biochar preparation module used for collecting desertification region crop waste and preparing biochar through high-temperature pyrolysis to serve as a soil conditioner; the microbial remediation module is used for selecting drought-enduring plant species and culturing soil microorganisms; the resource comprehensive utilization module is used for collecting rainwater and establishing a water storage system; and the soil remediation device comprises a fertilization unit, an irrigation unit, a soil softening unit and a vegetation planting unit. Soil improvement is achieved through fertilization, irrigation and soil softening, the survival rate of later plants is increased, power is supplied to the soil remediation device in cooperation with the comprehensive resource utilization module, the utilization rate of renewable resources is increased, and therefore the ecological relation of mutual promotion among soil, vegetation and microorganisms is constructed; the resource comprehensive utilization module and the soil remediation device can guarantee sustainable development of the ecological relationship, and soil ecology improvement and remediation in the desertification area are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological restoration, and in particular relates to a soil ecological improvement and restoration system and method in desertified areas. Background Art

[0002] The desert and desertified land area in the arid and semi-arid areas of northwest my country is nearly 1.5 million square kilometers, accounting for 15% of the country's land area. my country has become one of the countries most seriously affected by desertification in the world. Almost all desertification starts with the degradation of vegetation communities, eventually evolving into the degradation of the entire desert ecosystem, and then reversely evolving into desertification of the entire region.

[0003] Most of my country's arid and semi-arid desert areas are located in the hinterland of the continent. They have a typical continental arid climate, with poorly developed soil, little natural precipitation and high potential evaporation. There are few desert plant species in the area and their coverage is low. The entire ecological environment is fragile and easily disturbed.

[0004] In the natural state of arid deserts, due to extremely low rainfall and the natural surface hydrological process changed by human activities, the seeds in the soil seed bank are difficult to germinate naturally due to the lack of suitable germination conditions, which significantly affects its role in the renewal and restoration of vegetation populations and communities. Therefore, how to achieve effective restoration of degraded ecosystems by stimulating soil seed banks over a large area through artificial beneficial disturbance measures and rationally utilizing limited ecological water resources is a key issue in vegetation restoration in arid deserts. Most plants in arid areas adopt the "r strategy" under harsh natural environmental conditions. The seeds of these species lose their vitality within a short period of time after the seed rain is spread. If this short-lived soil seed bank does not encounter suitable conditions at the right time, it will be difficult to germinate, resulting in the lack of renewal of the entire population; and some persistent soil seed banks are often unable to germinate normally due to factors such as the extremely dry surface soil in the arid desert area rich in soil seed banks and the change of the original seasonal surface water overflow process, resulting in the current situation of difficulty in the renewal and reproduction of various populations in the entire degraded ecosystem. In some areas where vegetation community degradation is extremely serious, relatively long-term vegetation decline and continuous decrease in species diversity, coupled with indiscriminate mining and overgrazing, have led to a significant decrease in soil seed bank capacity, making the entire community lack the corresponding natural material basis for renewal and recovery.

[0005] At present, a Chinese patent CN1 02301873B for activating soil seed banks in arid deserts on a large scale utilizes the potential material basis for the restoration and renewal of degraded vegetation communities contained in the soil seed banks in arid deserts, takes the concept of "ecological tacit understanding" as a guide, and effectively uses the memory characteristics of the historical structure of the plant community in the restoration area by the soil seed bank to restore vegetation. The vegetation community structure and species composition accelerated by this method are more reasonable, and the unity of "natural design" and "artificial design" in the ecological restoration process can be achieved. Compared with the natural recovery of the ecosystem in arid deserts by simply relying on enclosure and ecological water transfer, the activation of soil seed banks through reasonable overflow can more effectively utilize limited ecological water resources, promote seed germination and seedling growth, accelerate the renewal and recovery of degraded plant communities, increase the coverage of desert vegetation, and accelerate the ecological restoration process of degraded ecosystems, with an increase of 40%-70%.

[0006] However, the conditions for improving the ecological environment are limited, making the improvement in soil ecology unsustainable. Over time, desertification will still return. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to propose a soil ecological improvement and restoration system and method for desertified areas in order to solve the problem that the existing method of activating the soil seed bank is affected by the ecological environment, making the soil ecological improvement unsustainable and eventually returning to desertification.

[0008] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: a soil ecological improvement and restoration system in desertified areas, comprising:

[0009] Multifunctional biochar preparation module, used to collect crop waste in desert areas and prepare biochar through high-temperature pyrolysis as a soil conditioner;

[0010] Microbial remediation module, selecting drought-tolerant plant species and cultivating soil microorganisms;

[0011] Comprehensive resource utilization module, used to collect rainwater and build a water storage system;

[0012] and a soil remediation device, which includes a fertilization unit, an irrigation unit, a soil softening unit and a vegetation planting unit.

[0013] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0014] The fertilization unit comprises a fertilizer storage box, a fertilizer delivery pump and a fertilization controller, wherein the fertilization controller is connected to the fertilizer delivery pump, and the fertilizer delivery pump is connected to the fertilizer storage box.

[0015] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0016] The water storage system comprises a first rainwater collecting device and a filtering device, wherein the filtering device is located inside the first rainwater collecting device.

[0017] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0018] The irrigation unit comprises a water pump, an irrigation controller and a nozzle, one end of the water pump is connected to the first rainwater collection device, the irrigation controller is connected to the water pump, and the nozzle is connected to the water outlet of the water pump.

[0019] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0020] The comprehensive resource utilization module includes a solar panel, a wind generator and an electric energy storage device. The solar panel and the wind generator are both connected to the electric energy storage device, and the electric energy storage device supplies power to the soil remediation device module.

[0021] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0022] The vegetation planting unit comprises a seed storage box, a seeder and a control system. The seeder is connected to the bottom of the seed storage box, and the control system is connected to the seeder.

[0023] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0024] The soil softening unit comprises a driving motor and a rotary tillage blade, wherein the rotary tillage blade is connected to the driving motor, and a controller is arranged on the driving motor.

[0025] The present invention also includes a method for improving and restoring soil ecology in desertified areas, comprising the following steps:

[0026] S1: Collect crop waste in desert areas, prepare biochar using high-temperature pyrolysis technology, and conduct quality inspection;

[0027] S2: Select drought-tolerant plant species, cultivate soil microorganisms, construct microbial remediation modules, and regularly monitor plant growth and microbial activity;

[0028] S3: Design and build a resource comprehensive utilization module, use wind and solar renewable energy to power the resource comprehensive utilization module, and design an intelligent control system to achieve the rational allocation and use of energy;

[0029] S4: Design and manufacture soil remediation devices, perform soil remediation operations, and collect operational data to optimize device performance and operational processes;

[0030] S5: Dynamically adjust the configuration and operation parameters of each module according to the restoration progress and soil conditions to ensure the sustainability and effectiveness of ecological restoration;

[0031] S6: Regularly monitor and evaluate the restoration area, collect relevant data on soil, vegetation and water resources, establish a database for analysis, and evaluate the restoration effect and environmental impact based on data changes;

[0032] S7: Based on the monitoring and evaluation results, adjust the restoration strategy, optimize the system configuration, improve the ecological restoration effect, promote the ecological restoration results, and increase public participation and project sustainability.

[0033] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0034] The crop waste in S1 is crop straw, weeds or dead branches and leaves.

[0035] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0036] The drought-tolerant plant species in S2 is Allium mongolicum, Opuntia scabra or Camel thorn.

[0037] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0038] 1. In the present invention, crop waste is selected as the main raw material, and pre-treated steps such as drying and crushing are performed to prepare for the subsequent preparation of biochar. The pre-treated crop waste is heated to 450-600°C under anaerobic or micro-aerobic conditions using carbonization technology to obtain biochar. The biochar has a porous structure, which is beneficial to improving the water retention capacity of the soil. The prepared biochar is used as a soil conditioner and applied to the soil. The addition of biochar can increase the organic matter content of the soil, promote microbial activity, and improve the soil structure. It can also be used as a slow-release carrier for fertilizers. The fertilizer is mixed with the biochar, and the porous structure of the biochar is used to achieve the slow release of the fertilizer, improve the fertilizer utilization rate, reduce the fertilizer loss, and achieve the retention of water at the bottom of the plant and the improvement of the soil in the later stage. At the same time, the biochar as a fertilizer can also promote the growth of plants, thereby improving the ecological environment of the entire desert area.

[0039] 2. In the present invention, when selecting seeds, plant seeds with drought resistance, fast growth rate and developed root system are selected, and microorganisms with functions such as nitrogen fixation, phosphorus solubilization and potassium solubilization are selected, such as nitrogen-fixing bacteria, bacterial fertilizers, etc., and the selected microorganisms are separated, purified and propagated under laboratory conditions to prepare high-concentration microbial agents. During the plant planting process, the microbial agents are evenly applied to the soil so that the microorganisms are in close contact with the plant roots. Through the action of the microorganisms, the decomposition of organic matter and the conversion of nutrients in the soil are promoted, the soil fertility and air permeability are improved, the root system of the plant grows, the soil structure is improved, and the soil's anti-erosion ability is enhanced, providing a basis for the survival of plant production in the later stage.

[0040] 3. In the present invention, when sowing plants, the soil is improved through fertilization, irrigation, and soil loosening to increase the survival rate of plants in the later stage. The soil remediation device is powered by the comprehensive resource utilization module to improve the utilization rate of renewable resources, thereby building an ecological relationship of mutual promotion between soil, vegetation, and microorganisms. The comprehensive resource utilization module and the soil remediation device can ensure the sustainable development of this ecological relationship, thereby achieving the improvement and restoration of soil ecology in desertified areas. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0041] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the embodiments are briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show certain embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0042] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the coordination among various modules in a soil ecological improvement and restoration system in desertified areas.

[0043] Figure 2 This is a step-by-step diagram of a soil ecological improvement and restoration method in desertified areas. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0045] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Generally, the components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0046] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the invention claimed for protection, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0047] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, further definition and explanation thereof is not required in subsequent drawings.

[0048] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "inner", etc. indicate directions or positional relationships based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, or are directions or positional relationships in which the inventive product is usually placed when in use. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0049] In the description of the present invention, it is also necessary to explain that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "set", "install", "connect", and "connect" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0050] See also Figure 1-2 The present invention provides a technical solution: a soil ecological improvement and restoration system for desertified areas, comprising:

[0051] The multifunctional biochar preparation module is used to collect crop waste in desert areas and prepare biochar as a soil conditioner through high-temperature pyrolysis. Crop waste is selected as the main raw material, and is subjected to pretreatment steps such as drying and crushing in preparation for subsequent preparation of biochar. The carbonization technology is used to heat the pretreated crop waste to 450-600°C under anaerobic or micro-anaerobic conditions to obtain biochar. The biochar has a porous structure, which is beneficial to improving the soil's water retention capacity. The prepared biochar is used as a soil conditioner and applied to the soil. The addition of biochar can increase the organic matter content of the soil, promote microbial activity, and improve soil structure. It can also be used as a slow-release carrier for fertilizers. The fertilizer is mixed with biochar, and the porous structure of biochar is used to achieve slow release of fertilizers, improve fertilizer utilization, and reduce fertilizer loss.

[0052] In the microbial remediation module, drought-resistant plant species are selected to cultivate soil microorganisms. Plant species with drought resistance, fast growth rate and well-developed root systems are selected; microorganisms with nitrogen fixation, phosphorus solubilization and potassium solubilization functions, such as nitrogen-fixing bacteria and bacterial fertilizers, are selected. Under laboratory conditions, the selected microorganisms are separated, purified and propagated to prepare high-concentration microbial agents. During the plant planting process, the microbial agents are evenly applied to the soil to bring the microorganisms into close contact with the plant roots. Through the action of microorganisms, the decomposition of organic matter and the conversion of nutrients in the soil are promoted, thereby improving soil fertility and air permeability. The growth of plant roots helps to improve soil structure and enhance soil resistance to erosion.

[0053] Comprehensive resource utilization module, used to collect rainwater and build a water storage system;

[0054] and a soil remediation device, which includes a fertilization unit, an irrigation unit, a soil softening unit, and a vegetation planting unit. During the plant planting process, the soil is improved through fertilization, irrigation, and soil softening to improve the survival rate of the plants in the later stage, and the soil remediation device is powered by the resource comprehensive utilization module to improve the utilization rate of renewable resources, thereby building an ecological relationship of mutual promotion between soil, vegetation, and microorganisms. The resource comprehensive utilization module and the soil remediation device are to ensure the sustainable development of this ecological relationship.

[0055] The fertilization unit includes a fertilizer storage box, a fertilizer delivery pump and a fertilizer controller. The fertilization controller is connected to the fertilizer delivery pump, and the fertilizer delivery pump is connected to the fertilizer storage box. The fertilizer storage box is used to store different types of fertilizers. The fertilizer delivery pump is responsible for delivering the fertilizer to the soil. The fertilization controller can automatically adjust the amount of fertilizer according to the soil detection results to achieve precise fertilization.

[0056] The water storage system comprises a first rainwater collection device and a filtering device, wherein the filtering device is located inside the first rainwater collection device and is used to filter impurities and suspended matter in rainwater to ensure the cleanliness of water in the water storage system.

[0057] The irrigation unit includes a water pump, an irrigation controller and a nozzle, one end of the water pump is connected to the first rainwater collection device, the irrigation controller is connected to the water pump, and the nozzle is connected to the water outlet of the water pump. The water pump is used to transport water from the water source to the nozzle; the irrigation controller automatically controls the irrigation time and water volume according to factors such as soil moisture and climatic conditions; the nozzle adopts micro-spraying technology to ensure uniform distribution of water.

[0058] The resource comprehensive utilization module includes a solar panel, a wind generator and an electric energy storage device, wherein the solar panel and the wind generator are both connected to the electric energy storage device, and the electric energy storage device supplies power to the soil remediation device module. The electric energy storage device includes a battery pack for storing electric energy generated by a renewable energy power system for use by the remediation system.

[0059] The vegetation planting unit includes a seed storage box, a seeder and a control system, wherein the seeder is connected to the bottom of the seed storage box, and the control system is connected to the seeder. The seed storage box is used to store different types of seeds; the seeder automatically adjusts the sowing depth and spacing according to soil conditions.

[0060] The soil softening unit includes a driving motor and a rotary tillage blade, wherein the rotary tillage blade is connected to the driving motor and a controller is arranged on the driving motor. The driving motor drives the rotary tillage blade to rotate to soften the soil; and the controller can automatically adjust the blade speed according to the hardness of the soil to ensure that the soil is evenly loosened.

[0061] A method for improving and restoring soil ecology in desertified areas comprises the following steps:

[0062] S1: Collect crop waste in desert areas, prepare biochar using high-temperature pyrolysis technology, and conduct quality inspection;

[0063] S2: Select drought-tolerant plant species, cultivate soil microorganisms, construct microbial remediation modules, and regularly monitor plant growth and microbial activity;

[0064] S3: Design and build a resource comprehensive utilization module, use wind and solar renewable energy to power the resource comprehensive utilization module, and design an intelligent control system to achieve the rational allocation and use of energy;

[0065] S4: Design and manufacture soil remediation devices, perform soil remediation operations, and collect operational data to optimize device performance and operational processes;

[0066] S5: Dynamically adjust the configuration and operation parameters of each module according to the restoration progress and soil conditions to ensure the sustainability and effectiveness of ecological restoration;

[0067] S6: Regularly monitor and evaluate the restoration area, collect relevant data on soil, vegetation and water resources, establish a database for analysis, and evaluate the restoration effect and environmental impact based on data changes;

[0068] S7: Based on the monitoring and evaluation results, adjust the restoration strategy, optimize the system configuration, improve the ecological restoration effect, promote the ecological restoration results, and increase public participation and project sustainability.

[0069] The crop waste in S1 is crop straw, weeds or dead branches and leaves.

[0070] The drought-tolerant plant species in S2 is Allium mongolicum, Opuntia scabra or Camel thorn.

[0071] Working principle: Crop waste is selected as the main raw material, and it undergoes pretreatment steps such as drying and crushing in preparation for the subsequent preparation of biochar. The carbonization technology is used to heat the pretreated crop waste to 450-600°C under anaerobic or micro-aerobic conditions to obtain biochar. The biochar has a porous structure, which is beneficial to improving the soil's water retention capacity. The prepared biochar is used as a soil conditioner and applied to the soil. The addition of biochar can increase the organic matter content of the soil, promote microbial activity, and improve soil structure. It can also be used as a slow-release carrier for fertilizers. The fertilizer is mixed with biochar, and the porous structure of biochar is used to achieve slow release of fertilizers, improve fertilizer utilization, and reduce fertilizer loss. At the same time, plant seeds with drought resistance, fast growth, and developed root systems are selected, and microorganisms with functions such as nitrogen fixation, phosphorus solubilization, and potassium solubilization, such as nitrogen-fixing bacteria and bacterial fertilizers, are selected in the experiment. Under laboratory conditions, the selected microorganisms are separated, purified, and propagated to prepare high-concentration microbial agents. During the plant planting process, the microbial agents are evenly applied to the soil to make the microorganisms in close contact with the plant roots. Through the action of microorganisms, the decomposition of organic matter and the transformation of nutrients in the soil are promoted, the soil fertility and air permeability are improved, the root growth of plants is helpful to improve the soil structure, and the soil's resistance to erosion is enhanced. When sowing plants, the soil is improved through fertilization, irrigation, and soil loosening, and the survival rate of plants in the later stage is improved. The soil remediation device is powered by the comprehensive resource utilization module to improve the utilization rate of renewable resources, thereby constructing an ecological relationship of mutual promotion between soil, vegetation, and microorganisms. The comprehensive resource utilization module and the soil remediation device can ensure the sustainable development of this ecological relationship, thereby realizing the improvement and restoration of soil ecology in desertified areas.

[0072] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A soil ecological improvement and restoration system for desertified areas, characterized in that: include: Multifunctional biochar preparation module, used to collect crop waste in desert areas and prepare biochar through high-temperature pyrolysis as a soil conditioner; Microbial remediation module, selecting drought-tolerant plant species and cultivating soil microorganisms; Comprehensive resource utilization module, used to collect rainwater and build a water storage system; and a soil remediation device, which includes a fertilization unit, an irrigation unit, a soil softening unit and a vegetation planting unit.

2. The soil ecological improvement and restoration system for desertified areas according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The fertilization unit comprises a fertilizer storage box, a fertilizer delivery pump and a fertilization controller, wherein the fertilization controller is connected to the fertilizer delivery pump, and the fertilizer delivery pump is connected to the fertilizer storage box.

3. The soil ecological improvement and restoration system for desertified areas according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The water storage system comprises a first rainwater collecting device and a filtering device, wherein the filtering device is located inside the first rainwater collecting device.

4. The soil ecological improvement and restoration system for desertified areas according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The irrigation unit comprises a water pump, an irrigation controller and a nozzle, one end of the water pump is connected to the first rainwater collection device, the irrigation controller is connected to the water pump, and the nozzle is connected to the water outlet of the water pump.

5. The soil ecological improvement and restoration system for desertified areas according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The comprehensive resource utilization module includes a solar panel, a wind generator and an electric energy storage device. The solar panel and the wind generator are both connected to the electric energy storage device, and the electric energy storage device supplies power to the soil remediation device module.

6. The soil ecological improvement and restoration system for desertified areas according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The vegetation planting unit comprises a seed storage box, a seeder and a control system. The seeder is connected to the bottom of the seed storage box, and the control system is connected to the seeder.

7. The soil ecological improvement and restoration system for desertified areas according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The soil softening unit comprises a driving motor and a rotary tillage blade, wherein the rotary tillage blade is connected to the driving motor, and a controller is arranged on the driving motor.

8. A method for improving and restoring soil ecology in desertified areas, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Collect crop waste in desert areas, prepare biochar using high-temperature pyrolysis technology, and conduct quality inspection; S2: Select drought-tolerant plant species, cultivate soil microorganisms, construct microbial remediation modules, and regularly monitor plant growth and microbial activity; S3: Design and build a resource comprehensive utilization module, use wind and solar renewable energy to power the resource comprehensive utilization module, and design an intelligent control system to achieve the rational allocation and use of energy; S4: Design and manufacture soil remediation devices, perform soil remediation operations, and collect operational data to optimize device performance and operational processes; S5: Dynamically adjust the configuration and operation parameters of each module according to the restoration progress and soil conditions to ensure the sustainability and effectiveness of ecological restoration; S6: Regularly monitor and evaluate the restoration area, collect relevant data on soil, vegetation and water resources, establish a database for analysis, and evaluate the restoration effect and environmental impact based on data changes; S7: Based on the monitoring and evaluation results, adjust the restoration strategy, optimize the system configuration, improve the ecological restoration effect, promote the ecological restoration results, and increase public participation and project sustainability.

9. The method for improving and restoring soil ecology in desertified areas according to claim 8, characterized in that: The crop waste in S1 is crop straw, weeds or dead branches and leaves.

10. The method for improving and restoring soil ecology in desertified areas according to claim 8, characterized in that: The drought-tolerant plant species in S2 is Allium mongolicum, Opuntia scabra or Camel thorn.

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