Application of new wheat-crab ecological planting and breeding mode in improvement of microbial community in adult crab breeding environment

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of breeding of adult eriocheir sinensis, in particular to application of a new wheat-crab ecological planting and breeding mode to improvement of microbial communities in an adult crab breeding environment, which comprises the following steps: planting wheat in a field, digging ditches around to protect eriocheir sinensis, and performing field operation in the growth period of wheat; after wheat is harvested, straw is removed, then land is ploughed, and water is injected for grass planting; after 15 days, Chinese mitten crabs are bred in the wheat stubble field; through the new wheat-crab ecological planting and breeding mode, the microorganism composition of the culture environment of the eriocheir sinensis is improved, the change rule of microorganisms of water quality, water body and bottom mud under the new wheat-crab ecological planting and breeding mode is mastered, and the culture mode of adult crabs is enriched.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of adult crab breeding of Chinese mitten crabs, and in particular to the application of a new ecological breeding model of mitten crabs in improving the microbial community in an adult crab breeding environment. Background Art

[0003] The new wheat-crab ecological breeding model is to use the idle period of wheat stubble fields, or to plant aquatic plants in the ring ditch at the same time to build a shallow water habitat to create a good environment for the early growth of Chinese mitten crabs. After the wheat harvest, crabs are raised in the whole field to form an ecological breeding system in which wheat and crabs promote each other. While stabilizing grain production and improving quality, this model has the advantages of controlling fertilizer and reducing pesticides, saving land and water, green ecology, and high efficiency in circulation. It can significantly increase the comprehensive benefits of wheat fields in our province, improve the enthusiasm of fishermen for breeding, and solve the problem of "non-grainization". It is economically cost-effective and ecologically appropriate, and is of great significance to promoting the revitalization of rural industries. However, due to the lack of data support for this model, research on the determination of relevant parameters of the wheat-crab ecological breeding model and the accumulation of relevant basic data will provide a scientific basis for the system integration, innovation, and promotion and application of this model.

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned defects, the inventors of the present invention finally obtained the present invention after a long period of research and practice. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to understand the changing rules of water quality, water body and sediment microorganisms under the new wheat-crab ecological breeding model, and to provide an application of the new wheat-crab ecological breeding model in improving the microbial community in the crab breeding environment.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention discloses an application of a new ecological breeding model of wheat and crab in improving the microbial community in the breeding environment of adult crabs. The new ecological breeding model of wheat and crab comprises the following steps:

[0007] S1, after selecting the field, carry out field engineering, set up escape prevention and oxygenation facilities, and plant grass in the ditch;

[0008] S2, in February, water level management and daily management were carried out after Chinese mitten crab seedlings were released into the ring ditch;

[0009] S3, in mid-November, after the Chinese mitten crabs were harvested, wheat was sown in the field, followed by wheat management;

[0010] S4, in mid-to-late May, mechanized low-stubble wheat harvesting was adopted. After wheat harvesting, the straw was transported out as much as possible. After three days of sun exposure, the water was added to the enclosure after rotary tillage, and the verticillium was planted at 300 kg / mu. At the same time, water quality management was carried out;

[0011] S5, 20 days after planting Hydrilla verticillata, Chinese mitten crab seeds were added from the temporary pond, with the same specifications as those in the ring ditch;

[0012] S6, water level management, feeding management and disease control in the field;

[0013] S7, from late September to early November, Chinese mitten crabs were captured manually.

[0014] In step S1, the field area is 31×667m 2 The field works are as follows: dig a ring ditch with a width of 2m to 2.5m, a depth of 0.8-1.2m, and a slope ratio of 1:3. The excavated soil is mainly used to heighten and reinforce the ridge. The ring ditch area does not exceed 10% of the total wheat field area.

[0015] In step S1, the escape prevention and oxygenation facilities are specifically set as follows: the escape prevention wall is made of materials such as calcium plastic board and aluminum platinum board, buried 10cm to 20cm in the soil, 50cm above the ground, fixed with wooden stakes or bamboo supports, the four corners are arc-shaped, the inner and outer edges are paved and compacted with crushed soil to prevent water accumulation and holes, and equipped with two waterwheel oxygenation equipment.

[0016] In step S1, the ring ditch grass planting is specifically as follows: before the New Year, 7 to 10 days after cleaning and disinfection, Elodea is planted with a row spacing of 2.0m to 3.0m.

[0017] In step S2, the stocking of Chinese mitten crab seedlings is specifically as follows: In February, the water temperature is above 10°C and the weather is fine. The stocking specification is 100 to 120 crabs / kg, and the crab seedlings are placed every 667m 2 500 are released;

[0018] The specific water level management is as follows: the difference between the water level in the ring ditch and the wheat field is ≥10cm;

[0019] The specific daily management is as follows: After the crab seeds are put into the pond in February, the feeding rate is adjusted according to the weather and feeding conditions. The crude protein content of the feed is required to be ≥40%. The feed can be fermented by lactic acid bacteria and EM bacteria for 3 to 5 days before feeding.

[0020] In step S3, wheat sowing is specifically as follows: in mid-November, wheat seeds with a short growth period are selected, and the seeds are mixed with an available fungicide before sowing. Except for the ring ditch, wheat seeds are sown. 2 The wheat sowing amount is 15-20kg.

[0021] In step S3, wheat management is specifically as follows: decide whether to water the wheat during the winter based on soil entropy conditions, and if watering the wheat during the winter, do so before the wheat freezes; apply fertilizer appropriately during the greening and jointing stages; and do a good job in pest and weed control and prevent late frost damage.

[0022] In step S4, water quality management is as follows: after wheat harvest, within 20 days after water supply, pay close attention to water quality changes, change water frequently during this period, and kill insects in time if sandworms are found to multiply in large numbers; after 20 days, when aquatic plants grow vigorously, the water quality can be stabilized. After the water quality is stable, every 10 to 15 days, the water quality should be adjusted according to the water quality per 667m 2 Dissolve 5 kg of quicklime in water and sprinkle once.

[0023] In step S6, the water level management is specifically as follows: from July to August, the water level in the shallow water area is maintained at a depth of 60 cm to 80 cm; from September to October, the water level in the shallow water area is maintained at a depth of 40 cm to 50 cm.

[0024] The specific feeding management is as follows: the crude protein content of the feed should not be less than 40%, and it should be fed once a day in the evening. From August to October, corn, pumpkin, and wheat can be added, and the daily feeding rate is 5% to 8%;

[0025] The specific methods of disease prevention and control are as follows: regular application of quicklime and the use of various probiotics to assist in regulating water quality.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0027] 1. The present invention adopts a new ecological breeding model of wheat and crab, and the results show that the microbial diversity and abundance in the sediment and water body have changed significantly. The bacterial community structure of the water body and the sediment has changed, which has increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria and reduced the number and abundance of bacteria that are harmful to health. The changes in these bacterial communities have improved the water quality conditions for breeding and the living environment of Chinese mitten crabs, thereby reducing the incidence of diseases of Chinese mitten crabs and improving economic benefits.

[0028] 2. Through the present invention, the water quality, water body and sediment microbial change rules under the new wheat-crab ecological breeding model are mastered: the bacterial community structure of the water body and the sediment changes, especially in the high temperature stage. This stage is the key stage for breeding Chinese mitten crabs. It is not only a period of high feeding and high growth of Chinese mitten crabs, but also a high-risk period for the occurrence of diseases of Chinese mitten crabs. However, under the wheat-crab integrated breeding model, the results show that the abundance of beneficial bacteria is increased in the high temperature stage, and the number and abundance of bacteria that are harmful to health are reduced. The changes in these bacterial communities improve the breeding water quality conditions and improve the living environment of Chinese mitten crabs, thereby reducing the disease incidence of Chinese mitten crabs. This model solves the bottleneck technical problem of being unable to maintain high-quality breeding water quality under high temperature conditions during the breeding process, and has important practical significance for the subsequent guidance of the promotion and application of the wheat-crab integrated breeding model. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 This is the wheat-crab ecological breeding model diagram;

[0030] Figure 2 The α-diversity of water microbial communities in five months. A is the Chao index, B is the sobs index, C is the Shannon index, and D is the Simpson index; Note: S617 is a water sample from June, S705 is a water sample from July, S808 is a water sample from August, S907 is a water sample from September, and S1013 is a water sample from October; this note is used in other figures;

[0031] Figure 3 The α-diversity of sediment microbial communities in five months, where A is the average index, B is the sobs index, C is the ace index, and D is the Chao index; Note: N617 is the sediment in June, N705 is the sediment in June, N808 is the sediment in August, N907 is the sediment in September, and N1013 is the sediment in October; this note is used in other figures;

[0032] Figure 4 The β-diversity of microbial communities in 5 months, where A is a water sample and B is a sediment sample. C is a Venn diagram of water microorganisms in 5 months (genus level); D is a Venn diagram of sediment microorganisms in 5 months (genus level);

[0033] Figure 5 The microbial composition diagrams of water bodies at the phylum level for 5 months, among which A is the accumulation diagram of microbial composition at the phylum level, and B is the microbial composition diagram with significant differences at the phylum level;

[0034] Figure 6 The genus-level microbial composition diagram of water bodies for five months, among which A is the accumulation diagram of microbial composition at the phylum level, and B is the microbial composition diagram with significant differences at the phylum level;

[0035] Figure 7 The following are the microbial composition diagrams at the phylum level of sediment for five months, where A is the accumulation diagram of microbial composition at the phylum level, and B is the microbial composition diagram with significant differences at the phylum level;

[0036] Figure 8 These are the microbial composition diagrams at the genus level of sediment for five months, where A is the microbial composition accumulation diagram and B is the microbial composition diagram with significant differences. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The above and other technical features and advantages of the present invention are described in more detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0038] The experiment was conducted at the wheat-crab farming demonstration site (Guangfeng Aquaculture Family Farm) in Dangtu City, Anhui Province (longitude: 118.58°, latitude: 31.46°).

[0039] Example

[0040] Wheat-crab ecological breeding model:

[0041] 1. Management of crab breeding in wheat fields (February-May)

[0042] (1) Field selection

[0043] Select a water source with sufficient and unpolluted water, a flat field with no leakage, good water retention, and independent water inlet and drainage facilities with an area of ​​31×667m 2 .

[0044] (2) Field Engineering

[0045] Dig a ring ditch with a width of 2m to 2.5m, a depth of 0.8-1.2m, and a slope ratio of 1:3. The excavated soil is mainly used to heighten and reinforce the ridge. The area of ​​the ring ditch shall not exceed 10% of the total area of ​​the wheat field.

[0046] (3) Escape prevention and oxygenation facilities

[0047] The anti-escape wall is made of materials such as calcium plastic board and aluminum platinum board, buried 10cm to 20cm into the soil, 50cm above the ground, fixed with wooden stakes or bamboo supports, and the four corners are in an arc shape. The inner and outer edges are paved and compacted with crushed soil to prevent water accumulation from penetrating holes.

[0048] Equipped with two water tanker oxygenation devices.

[0049] (4) Planting grass around the ditch

[0050] Years ago, 7 to 10 days after cleaning and disinfection, Elodea was planted with a row spacing of 2.0m to 3.0m.

[0051] (5) Crab seedlings stocking

[0052] In February, choose sunny weather with water temperature above 10℃. The specification is 100 to 120 pieces / kg. Every 667m 2 500 are released into the wild.

[0053] (6) Water level management

[0054] The difference between the water level in the ditch and the wheat field should be ≥10cm to ensure the normal growth of wheat. Change the water regularly according to the water quality to ensure the growth of crab seedlings in the ditch.

[0055] (7) Daily management

[0056] After the crabs are put into the pond in February, the feeding rate should be adjusted according to the weather and feeding conditions. It is advisable to have a small amount left on the feeding table on the second day. The crude protein content of the feed is required to be ≥40%. The feed can be fermented by lactic acid bacteria and EM bacteria for 3 to 5 days before feeding.

[0057] 2. Wheat planting and management

[0058] (1) Wheat sowing

[0059] Try to choose wheat seeds with a short growth period, and mix the seeds with fungicides before sowing.

[0060] Wheat seeds are sown in all ponds except the ring ditch. When sowing, a little water is left on the flat field. After sowing, the water level is lowered so that the wheat seeds do not need to be covered with soil.

[0061] After the crabs are harvested, usually in mid-November, 667m 2 The wheat sowing amount is 15-20kg, and the maximum sowing amount cannot exceed 20kg.

[0062] (2) Wheat management

[0063] Decide whether to water the plants during the winter based on the soil entropy. If you do, water them before the plant freezes. Apply fertilizer appropriately during the greening and jointing stages. Do a good job in pest and weed control and prevent late frost damage.

[0064] (3) Wheat harvest

[0065] In mid-to-late May, mechanized low-stubble harvesting is used, and the wheat straw is best baled before transportation to prevent it from rotting.

[0066] 3. River crab farming after wheat stubble (May-November)

[0067] (1) Planting grass

[0068] After the wheat was harvested on May 17, the straw was transported out as much as possible. After three days of exposure to the sun, the land was tilled and water was added to the enclosure to start planting Hydrilla verticillata, with 300kg / mu of Hydrilla verticillata.

[0069] (2) Water quality management

[0070] After wheat harvest, pay close attention to water quality changes within 20 days after water supply. Due to the decay of straw, the water color quickly turns reddish brown. During this period, change the water frequently. Once a large number of sandworms are found, kill the insects in time to prevent the sandworms from being too dense and causing hypoxia.

[0071] Generally, after 20 days, when the aquatic plants grow vigorously, the water quality will be stable. After the water quality is stable, every 10 to 15 days, the water quality should be adjusted according to the water quality of every 667 m 2 Dissolve 5 kg of quicklime in water and sprinkle once.

[0072] (3) Supplementing crab species

[0073] Generally, 20 days after planting grass, crab seeds are added from the temporary pond, with the same specifications as the crab seeds in the ring ditch, and the number is 500 per mu. In the early stage, the number of crab seeds in the ring ditch is 500 per mu, totaling 1,000 per mu.

[0074] (4) Water level management

[0075] As the temperature rises, the water level gradually deepens. From July to August, the water level in the shallow water area remains at 60cm to 80cm; from September to October, the water level in the shallow water area remains at 40cm to 50cm.

[0076] (5) Feeding management

[0077] The crude protein content of the feed should not be less than 40%, and it should be fed once a day in the evening. From August to October, it can be combined with corn, pumpkin, wheat, etc., with a daily feeding rate of 5% to 8%.

[0078] (6) Disease prevention and control

[0079] Prevention is the main approach, with quicklime sprinkled regularly and a small amount of various probiotics used to help regulate water quality, so there is basically no disease.

[0080] (7) Adult crab fishing

[0081] From late September to early November, various methods such as light trapping and ground trapping were used for manual capture.

[0082] Comparative Example

[0083] Pond culture model: area 30×667m 2 , plant grass in December, release crabs in March, density 1500 / 667m 2 (10g±2g). A 35cm high fence was set up around the two research sites to prevent crabs from escaping. In addition, water intakes and outlets were installed. Each experimental field was equipped with 2 water turbine aerators (2.20kw / h). During the experiment, commercial pellet feed (Tongwei Co., Ltd., crude protein 40%, crude fat 4%) was fed twice a day at 4% of body weight. The feeding times were 6:30 am and 3:00 pm, respectively, and the feeding amount was adjusted according to changes in body weight and daily feed residues. The water supply, feeding and daily management of the two breeding experimental areas were the same.

[0084] The wheat-crab ecological breeding model was sampled monthly (June, July, August, September and October, a total of 5 times), and water samples and bottom mud were collected in a distributed manner, and their microbial changes were detected.

[0085] like Figure 2 to Figure 4 As shown in the figure, the α-diversity index of water and sediment samples first decreased and then increased over time. In water, the diversity of microorganisms changed significantly, but the abundance did not change significantly. In sediment, both the diversity and abundance of microorganisms changed significantly ( Figure 2 and Figure 3). The rules of sediment microorganisms: Desulfobacterot, verrucomicrobiot, Patescibacteria, Armatimonadota, Spirochaetota, Fibrobacterota, Campilobacterota, all increase first and then decrease, and are positively correlated with temperature. Among them: Desulfobacterota is a small group of thermophilic sulfate-reducing bacteria. The role of verrucomicrobiota in health and disease mainly includes promoting host metabolism, regulating the immune system, and affecting intestinal health. The abundance decreases at high temperatures: Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteriota. The abundance of water microorganisms shows a rule: the bacteria whose abundance decreases at high temperatures are Gammaproteobacteria and Bacteroidia. The abundance of the bacterial community increases first and then decreases, and is positively correlated with the temperature: Actinobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Acidimicrobiia, Chloroflexia, Desulfobacterota, verrucomicrobiota, Patescibacteria. The bacterial community structure of water bodies and bottom mud has changed. These changes in bacterial community structure have improved the living environment of adult crabs, thereby reducing the incidence of diseases in the adult crab farming process and improving economic benefits.

[0086] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, which is only illustrative and not restrictive of the present invention. Those skilled in the art understand that many changes, modifications, and even equivalences may be made to the present invention within the spirit and scope defined by the claims of the present invention, but all of them will fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. Application of a new ecological breeding model of wheat and crab in improving the microbial community in the crab breeding environment, characterized in that: The new model of wheat-crab ecological breeding The following steps are involved: S1, after selecting the field, carry out field engineering, set up escape prevention and oxygenation facilities, and plant grass in the ditch; S2, in February, water level management and daily management were carried out after Chinese mitten crab seedlings were released into the ring ditch; S3, in mid-November, after the Chinese mitten crabs were harvested, wheat was sown in the field, followed by wheat management; S4, in mid-to-late May, mechanized low-stubble wheat harvesting was adopted. After wheat harvesting, the straw was transported out as much as possible. After three days of sun exposure, the water was added to the enclosure after rotary tillage, and the verticillium was planted at 300 kg / mu. At the same time, water quality management was carried out; S5, 20 days after planting Hydrilla verticillata, Chinese mitten crab seeds were added from the temporary pond, with the same specifications as those in the ring ditch; S6, water level management, feeding management and disease control in the field; S7, from late September to early November, Chinese mitten crabs were captured manually.

2. The application of a new wheat-crab ecological breeding model as claimed in claim 1 in improving the microbial community in the crab breeding environment is characterized in that: In step S1, the field area is 31×667m 2 The specific field works are as follows: dig a ring ditch with a width of 2m to 2.5m, a depth of 0.8 to 1.2m, a slope ratio of 1:3, and the area of ​​the ring ditch shall not exceed 10% of the total area of ​​the wheat field.

3. The application of a new wheat-crab ecological breeding model as claimed in claim 1 in improving the microbial community in the crab breeding environment is characterized in that: In step S1, the escape prevention and oxygenation facilities are specifically set as follows: the escape prevention wall is made of materials such as calcium plastic board and aluminum platinum board, buried 10cm to 20cm in the soil, 50cm above the ground, fixed with wooden stakes or bamboo supports, the four corners are arc-shaped, the inner and outer edges are paved and compacted with crushed soil to prevent water accumulation and holes, and equipped with two waterwheel oxygenation equipment.

4. The application of a new wheat-crab ecological breeding model as claimed in claim 1 in improving the microbial community in the crab breeding environment is characterized in that: In step S1, the ring ditch grass planting is specifically as follows: before the New Year, 7 to 10 days after cleaning and disinfection, Elodea is planted with a row spacing of 2.0m to 3.0m.

5. The application of a new wheat-crab ecological breeding model as claimed in claim 1 in improving the microbial community in the crab breeding environment is characterized in that: In step S2, the stocking of Chinese mitten crab seedlings is specifically as follows: In February, the water temperature is above 10°C and the weather is fine. The stocking specification is 100 to 120 crabs / kg, and the crab seedlings are placed every 667m 2 500 are released; The specific water level management is as follows: the difference between the water level in the ring ditch and the wheat field is ≥10cm; The daily management is as follows: After the crabs are put into the pond in February, the feeding rate is adjusted according to the weather and feeding conditions. The crude protein content of the feed is required to be ≥40%. The feed is fermented by lactic acid bacteria and EM bacteria for 3 to 5 days before feeding.

6. The application of a new wheat-crab ecological breeding model as claimed in claim 1 in improving the microbial community in the crab breeding environment is characterized in that: In step S3, wheat sowing is specifically as follows: in mid-November, wheat seeds with a short growth period are selected, and the seeds are mixed with an available fungicide before sowing. Except for the ring ditch, wheat seeds are sown. 2 The wheat sowing amount is 15-20kg.

7. The application of a new wheat-crab ecological breeding model as claimed in claim 1 in improving the microbial community in the crab breeding environment, characterized in that: In step S3, wheat management is specifically as follows: decide whether to water the wheat during the winter based on soil entropy conditions, and if watering the wheat during the winter, do so before the wheat freezes; apply fertilizer appropriately during the greening and jointing stages; and do a good job in pest and weed control and prevent late frost damage.

8. The application of a new wheat-crab ecological breeding model as claimed in claim 1 in improving the microbial community in the crab breeding environment, characterized in that: In step S4, water quality management is as follows: after wheat harvest, within 20 days after water supply, pay close attention to water quality changes, change water frequently during this period, and kill insects in time if sandworms are found to multiply in large numbers; after 20 days, when aquatic plants grow vigorously, the water quality can be stabilized. After the water quality is stable, every 10 to 15 days, at the rate of every 667 m 2 Dissolve 5 kg of quicklime in water and sprinkle once.

9. The application of a new wheat-crab ecological breeding model as claimed in claim 1 in improving the microbial community in the crab breeding environment, characterized in that: In step S6, the water level management is specifically as follows: from July to August, the water level in the shallow water area is maintained at a depth of 60 cm to 80 cm; from September to October, the water level in the shallow water area is maintained at a depth of 40 cm to 50 cm. The specific feeding management is as follows: the crude protein content of the feed should not be less than 40%, and it should be fed once a day in the evening. From August to October, corn, pumpkin, and wheat can be added, and the daily feeding rate is 5% to 8%; The specific methods of disease prevention and control are as follows: regular application of quicklime and the use of various probiotics to assist in regulating water quality.

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