Large-scale tea lesser leafhopper cultivation and preservation method suitable for cicada tea production

Abstract

The invention discloses a large-scale tea lesser leafhopper cultivation and preservation method suitable for cicada tea production. The method comprises the following steps: step 1, preferably selecting Jinxuan, jade or Fuding white tea as a host plant variety, and determining the specification of the host plant; step 2, establishing a tea lesser leafhopper adult maintenance area, a nymph maintenance area and an egg incubation area, performing partition maintenance, and preferably selecting optimal maintenance conditions and culture density of different maintenance areas; step 3, preferably selecting a collection mode of tea lesser leafhopper eggs: preferably selecting an adult male-female ratio, and preferably selecting egg laying population density, egg collection duration and the like; 4, a tea lesser leafhopper egg storage chamber is established, and storage conditions are optimized; and step 5, preferably selecting incubation conditions and incubation time of the tea lesser leafhopper eggs after low-temperature storage. According to the large-scale production method, the tea branches to be trimmed in the tea garden are utilized, and the cost is low. The tea branches are used for culture, and the death rate caused by the fact that the leafhoppers need to adapt to host plants again during release is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of tea production and the direction of insect resource protection and utilization, and in particular to a large-scale tea green leafhopper breeding and preservation method suitable for cicada tea production. Background Art

[0002] Tea green leafhopper (Empoasca onukii Matsuda) is one of the most common insects in tea gardens and is traditionally regarded as a tea tree pest. However, this insect also has a high economic value in tea production: tea leaves bitten by it can be processed into "cicada tea", which has a unique floral and fruity honey aroma and higher economic value.

[0003] Cicada tea was first produced in Taiwan, my country. Tea farmers were reluctant to waste the green tea leaves that had been damaged by the small green leafhoppers, so they made them into oolong tea. By chance, they discovered that the tea soup made in this way had a bright and unique flavor, and it was called "Oriental Beauty" tea.

[0004] A high insect population density is required to produce high-quality "cicada tea". Under natural conditions, although the population of small green leafhoppers in tea gardens affects the production of traditional high-quality tea, it is often lower than the population required to produce high-quality "cicada tea". Perhaps due to various environmental factors, the distribution of tea small green leafhoppers in tea gardens is uneven, thus limiting the production of high-quality "cicada tea".

[0005] In order to obtain stable and high-quality "cicada tea", sufficient and sustainable insect sources are the prerequisite for production. Therefore, it is urgent to invent a method to stably increase the population of small green leafhoppers in tea gardens.

[0006] At present, the methods for rearing green leafhoppers [a monitoring and rearing tube for tea green leafhoppers and its use method; a method for rearing tea green leafhoppers indoors using live tea leaves; a device for rearing false-eyed green leafhoppers; a method for rearing false-eyed green leafhoppers indoors] are suitable for the cultivation of insects for experiments, but it is difficult to maintain the scale required for cicada tea production in tea gardens. In addition, some large-scale rearing methods have great difficulties in actual production. The hydroponic seedling production method [a method for rearing tea green leafhoppers indoors] has a very high mortality rate, a low amount of tea cicadas obtained, and is not suitable for re-releasing on tea trees; the soilless cutting rooted tea seedling production method [a method for producing young shoots with tea green leafhopper eggs] requires the cultivation of rooted tea seedlings, which is costly and long, and does not involve aspects such as egg preservation and incubation. Summary of the invention

[0007] The object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art and provide a large-scale production and preservation method of tea green leafhoppers. The method can quickly, regularly and quantitatively obtain tea green leafhopper nymphs and adults, and the breeding scale can be adjusted at any time according to the expected propagation target to obtain highly active tea green leafhoppers, thereby providing assistance for the production of rural cicada tea.

[0008] Therefore, the present invention, based on the previous research, overcomes the shortcomings of the above-mentioned prior art and provides a large-scale production and preservation method for indoor tea green leafhoppers. The method is characterized in that the tea branches to be pruned in the tea garden are used, which is low in cost; the tea branches with eggs can be stored at low temperature and hatched in batches to obtain large-scale insect quantities. The method can quickly, regularly and quantitatively obtain tea green leafhopper nymphs and adults during the period required for cicada tea production, and the breeding scale can be adjusted at any time according to the expected expansion target. Moreover, the obtained tea green leafhoppers have high activity and are suitable for the production of cicada tea.

[0009] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution provided by the present invention is:

[0010] A large-scale tea green leafhopper breeding and preservation method suitable for cicada tea production comprises the following steps:

[0011] Step 1: Select Jinxuan, Cuiyu or Fuding Dabaicha as the host plant variety and determine the host plant specifications;

[0012] Step 2: Establish tea green leafhopper adult maintenance area, nymph maintenance area, and egg incubation area, carry out maintenance in different areas, and select the best maintenance conditions and breeding density in different maintenance areas;

[0013] Step 3: Optimizing the method for collecting tea green leafhopper eggs: optimizing the adult male-female ratio, optimizing the egg-laying population density, and the egg collection time, etc.;

[0014] Step 4: Establish a tea green leafhopper egg storage room and optimize the storage conditions;

[0015] Step 5: Optimize the incubation conditions and incubation time of the tea green leafhopper eggs after low-temperature storage.

[0016] As a further improvement of the above scheme, the tea tree varieties of the present invention are preferably Jinxuan, Cuiyu or Fuding Dabaicha. The above tea tree varieties are suitable for producing cicada tea and are susceptible to tea green leafhoppers. In the actual breeding process, the above varieties can be selected in combination with the local dominant varieties.

[0017] As a further improvement of the above scheme, the host plant specifications are preferably tea tree branches with 1 bud, 6 leaves or 7 leaves, with a branch length of 15 to 20 cm and obvious lignification at the base: the overlong branches pruned in batches in the tea garden are used to screen the branches that meet the requirements, bring them back indoors, and remove impurities, dead leaves and overlong parts. Retaining the lignified part at the base of the branch can extend the shelf life of the branch. On the basis of retaining the xylem, the shorter the branch, the more conducive it is to management and space utilization.

[0018] As a further improvement of the above scheme, in step (2), the temperature difference between day and night is preferably set in the adult maintenance area, the daytime temperature is 27±2°C, the nighttime temperature is 22±2°C, the relative humidity is 70±5%, and the light cycle is preferably L14:D10; setting the temperature difference between day and night is conducive to the survival and egg-laying of adults. In a breeding cage with a specification of 30cm*30cm*60cm and a mesh density of 60 mesh, 2 pieces of moist flower mud with a specification of 22cm*10cm*7cm are placed on the left side, 20 fresh tea branches that meet the requirements are inserted, and about 400 adults are raised, with an average of about 20 insects per tea branch; after 24 hours of breeding, 20 fresh tea branches are added to the right side of the breeding cage to allow the tea cicadas to transfer to the fresh tea branches autonomously; after another 24 hours, the first batch of 20 tea branches are replaced with fresh tea branches, and so on.

[0019] As a further improvement of the above scheme, the adults began to show a high mortality rate after 10 days of maintenance, and 400 newly emerged adults were reintroduced into the cage.

[0020] As a further improvement of the above scheme, the nymph care area and egg incubation area preferably have a temperature of 25±2°C, a relative humidity of 80±5%, a natural light cycle, and increased humidity is beneficial to the survival of the larvae.

[0021] As a further improvement of the above scheme, the breeding cage in the nymph and egg incubation area is preferably 30cm*30cm*30cm in size and 80 mesh. A piece of floral mud (specifications: 22cm*10cm*7cm) is placed on the left side, and 20 tea branches with nymphs are inserted on it, with a total number of about 400 nymphs; floral mud with 20 fresh tea branches is placed on the right side; after three days, the floral mud and tea branches on the left side are taken out and replaced with a piece of floral mud with 20 fresh tea branches for continued cultivation, and so on, until the nymphs emerge as adults.

[0022] As a further improvement of the above scheme, in step (3), a group of newly emerged tea green leafhopper adults is selected, 20 tea green leafhoppers are randomly selected, and their gender is identified. After ensuring that the male-female ratio is between 1.0 and 1.2, fresh tea branches are used to collect tea green leafhopper eggs. The breeding density and tea branch replacement are the same as adult maintenance. The replaced tea branches carry an average of 20 to 30 eggs per tea branch and are moved to the egg incubation area for incubation or storage.

[0023] As a further improvement of the above scheme, in step (4), the tea green leafhopper egg storage room is an artificial climate box, which can be effectively stored at 5-15°C, and the storage time can be adjusted according to actual needs.

[0024] As a further improvement of the above scheme, the preferred storage conditions are: temperature of 10±1°C, relative humidity of 70±5%, light cycle of L12:D12, and storage for 30 days or less, the hatching rate of the eggs is higher.

[0025] As a further improvement of the above scheme, in step (5), the incubation conditions of the tea green leafhopper eggs after low-temperature storage are preferably at a temperature of 25±2°C, a relative humidity of 80±5%, and a natural light cycle.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0027] 1. The large-scale production method of the present invention utilizes tea branches to be pruned in tea gardens, which is low-cost. Using tea branches for cultivation reduces the mortality rate of leafhoppers caused by the need to re-adapt to host plants when released.

[0028] 2. Large-scale breeding can be achieved: the minimum breeding unit is 30cm*30cm*30cm, and the breeding density in the breeding cage is 400 heads / 40 tea branches / cage. The scale can be expanded through simple repetition; at the same time, the breeding cages do not interfere with each other, and the breeding scale can be flexibly controlled according to actual production conditions;

[0029] 3. Cultivate in different areas and control temperature and humidity separately, which is more flexible in production. It can not only make the age of cultivated tea green leafhoppers uniform, but also reduce the mortality rate at each growth stage;

[0030] 4. The eggs of the tea green leafhopper can be preserved for a long time by low-temperature storage in an artificial climate chamber. When they are needed on a large scale, they can be transferred to the egg incubation area for centralized incubation. By adjusting the incubation time, large-scale tea green leafhopper larvae can be obtained in a centralized manner. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 The tea branches and insect cages selected in Example 1.

[0032] Figure 2 The figure shows the effect of different nymph breeding densities on the number of nymphs emerging in Example 2.

[0033] Figure 3 The figure shows the effect of different adult breeding densities on the egg-carrying capacity of a single tea branch in Example 3.

[0034] Figure 4 This is the setting of different breeding areas in Example 4.

[0035] Figure 5The effect of refrigerated temperature and time of tea branches with eggs on hatching rate in Example 5 is shown.

[0036] Figure 6 The number of days required for the tea branches with eggs in Example 5 to be incubated after being refrigerated at 10° C. for different periods of time. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The present invention will be further described below by means of specific examples.

[0038] The tea green leafhopper population was collected from Zijin County, Heyuan City, Guangdong Province.

[0039] Embodiment 1:

[0040] This embodiment standardizes the host plant specifications and the setting of the breeding room. Technical preparation points: Use Jinxuan tea branches for tea branches, sort and select the collected tea branches, choose healthy tea branches without pests and diseases and with tender shoots, and gently rinse to remove impurities and potential insect eggs. Prune to a single branch with 1 bud and 6 to 7 leaves, about 15 to 20 cm in length, immerse the base in 0.5% potassium permanganate solution, and then evenly insert it into the floral mud, with tea branches 2 cm apart, the floral mud specifications are 22*10*7, and 20 tea branches are inserted into each piece of floral mud. Put the floral mud in a tray and add water every other day for maintenance. The adult breeding cage has a specification of 30cm*30cm*60cm, and two pieces of floral mud with tea branches inserted are built in. There is still about 5cm of space between the tea branches and the top of the insect cage ( Figure 1 ), good ventilation. The tea green leafhoppers were introduced and observed to move and lay eggs between different tea branches. The ventilation between tea branches was good, and the temperature difference between tea branches and outside tea branches was not obvious.

[0041] The temperature and humidity control in the breeding room is set with a day and night temperature difference, the daytime temperature is 27±2℃, the nighttime temperature is 22±2℃, the relative humidity is 75±5%, and the light cycle is L14:D10. The doors and windows of the breeding room are equipped with 80-mesh isolation nets, and a buffer isolation net is added at the door to avoid pests. Fans are installed indoors to promote air circulation and ensure that the environmental conditions of each breeding cage are consistent. Register every day and observe and record the temperature and humidity.

[0042] Embodiment 2:

[0043] This embodiment is the preferred breeding density of the tea green leafhopper nymph maintenance area. The preferred breeding cage in the nymph maintenance area is 30cm*30cm*30cm in size, with two pieces of floral mud and 40 tea branches built in, and 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 newly hatched nymphs are introduced respectively. After breeding to adults, the cages are put into a -20℃ freezer for 5 minutes, and the tea branches are shaken out and the number of adults in each cage is counted after removing impurities, and each treatment is repeated 3 times. The results showed that with the increase of breeding density, the number of emerged adults showed a downward trend, and the emergence rates were 80.67%, 78.50%, 73.56%, 66.67%, and 47.27%, respectively. Figure 2). When the breeding density is 500 heads / cage, the emergence rate decreases rapidly. Considering the breeding space and time costs, the preferred breeding density is 400 heads / cage, which is the recommended breeding density of the present invention.

[0044] The test conditions were temperature 25±2℃, relative humidity 80±5%, and natural light cycle.

[0045] Embodiment 3:

[0046] This embodiment is to optimize the breeding density of the tea green leafhopper adult egg-laying area. The preferred breeding cage size of the adult maintenance area is 30cm*30cm*60cm, with flower mud ①20 tea branches built in, and 100 pairs, 150 pairs, 200 pairs, 250 pairs, and 300 pairs of 5-day-old adults are introduced respectively; on the second day (24 hours later), flower mud ②20 tea branches are added; on the third day, flower mud ① is taken out and flower mud ③ is put in, and so on, until a large number of adults are observed to die. The taken flower mud ①②③ are incubated, and the number of nymphs hatched on the tea branches is counted.

[0047] The experimental conditions were daytime temperature of 27±2℃, nighttime temperature of 22±2℃, relative humidity of 75±5%, and photoperiod of L14:D10. The incubation conditions of tea branches with eggs were as follows: temperature of 25±2℃, relative humidity of 80±5%, and natural photoperiod.

[0048] The results show that Figure 3 ), with the increase of adult breeding density, the average number of nymphs hatched on each tea branch increased. When the breeding density was 250 pairs and 300 pairs, although the egg-laying amount in the early and late stages was significantly higher than that of 200 pairs, there was no significant difference in the egg-laying amount during the peak period. Therefore, from the perspective of saving adults and reducing workload, a breeding density of 200 pairs / cage was selected for adult egg collection.

[0049] Embodiment 4:

[0050] In this embodiment, tea green leafhopper adult maintenance area, nymph maintenance area, and egg incubation area are established, and the maintenance is divided into different areas to optimize the optimal maintenance conditions and tea branch replacement rate. Figure 4As shown. In the adult maintenance area, the breeding cage size is 30cm*30cm*60cm, and the breeding density is 400 heads / 40 tea branches / cage; Management and maintenance: Fresh tea branches are replaced in the adult breeding cage every 24 hours; Breeding conditions: Daytime temperature is 27±2℃, nighttime temperature is 22±2℃, relative humidity is 75±5%, and light cycle is L14:D10. The preferred breeding cage size for the nymph and egg incubation area is 30cm*30cm*30cm, and the breeding density is 400 heads / 40 tea branches / cage. Management and maintenance: Fresh tea branches are added to the nymph breeding cage every 3 days, and the old tea branches are removed and discarded the next day; the egg incubation cage with egg tea branches is transferred to the nymph breeding area after hatching. Breeding conditions: temperature 25±2℃, relative humidity 80±5%, natural light cycle.

[0051] Embodiment 5:

[0052] This example determines the storage conditions and duration of tea branches with eggs, and the incubation time of the eggs after storage. The experiment selected eggs laid by 7-day-old adults with a breeding density of 400 heads / 40 tea branches / cage from the same batch. The tea branches with eggs were divided into three portions, each with 40 branches, and stored in artificial climate boxes at 5°C, 10°C, and 15°C. After every 5 days of storage, 3 tea branches were taken out for hatching, and the number of hatched nymphs was counted. The results showed that: at 5°C, the tea branches could be kept fresh for more than 60 days, but with the extension of storage time, the egg hatching rate decreased significantly; when stored at 10°C for 30 days, the hatching rate did not decrease significantly, but the top of the tea branches was obviously necrotic and browned, and the subsequent hatching rate decreased significantly ( Figure 5 ); Under 15℃ condition, the hatching time is significantly shortened with the extension of storage time. From the 15th day, the top of the tea branch is obviously browned, and the larvae begin to hatch at the 25th day. Therefore, it is recommended to store at 10℃ for 30 days. As the refrigerated storage time increases, the time required for transfer to the incubation room for hatching is shortened. Therefore, the hatching time in production can be appropriately adjusted according to the storage time. The reference time is as follows Figure 6 shown.

Claims

1. A method for breeding and preserving tea leafhoppers on a large scale suitable for cicada tea production, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1: Select Jinxuan, Cuiyu or Fuding Dabaicha as the host plant variety and determine the host plant specifications; Step 2: Establish tea green leafhopper adult maintenance area, nymph maintenance area, and egg incubation area, carry out maintenance in different areas, and select the best maintenance conditions and breeding density in different maintenance areas; Step 3: Optimizing the method for collecting tea green leafhopper eggs: optimizing the adult male-female ratio, optimizing the egg-laying population density, and the egg collection time, etc.; Step 4: Establish a tea green leafhopper egg storage room and optimize the storage conditions; Step 5: Optimize the incubation conditions and incubation time of the tea green leafhopper eggs after low-temperature storage.

2. The method for cultivating and preserving tea leafhoppers on a large scale suitable for cicada tea production according to claim 1, characterized in that: The host plant specifications are tea tree branches with 1 bud and 6 to 7 leaves, the branch length is 15 to 20 cm, and the base is obviously lignified.

3. The method for cultivating and preserving tea leafhoppers on a large scale suitable for cicada tea production according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (2), the temperature difference between day and night is preferably set in the adult maintenance area, the daytime temperature is 27±2°C, the nighttime temperature is 22±2°C, the relative humidity is 70±5%, and the photoperiod is preferably L14:D10; in a breeding cage with a specification of 30cm*30cm*60cm and a screen density of 60 mesh, 2 pieces of moist floral mud with a specification of 22cm*10cm*7cm are placed on the left side, 20 fresh tea branches are inserted, and 400 adults are inoculated for breeding, with an average of 20 insects per tea branch; after 24 hours of breeding, 20 fresh tea branches are added to the right side of the breeding cage to allow the tea cicadas to move to the fresh tea branches autonomously; after another 24 hours, the first batch of 20 tea branches are replaced with fresh tea branches, and so on.

4. The method for cultivating and preserving tea leafhoppers on a large scale suitable for cicada tea production according to claim 1, characterized in that: After 10 days of maintenance, the adults began to show a large mortality rate, and 400 newly emerged adults were reintroduced into the cage.

5. The method for cultivating and preserving tea leafhoppers on a large scale suitable for cicada tea production according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nymph care area and egg incubation area preferably have a temperature of 25±2° C., a relative humidity of 80±5%, and a natural light cycle.

6. The method for cultivating and preserving tea leafhoppers on a large scale suitable for cicada tea production according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preferred breeding cage size for the nymph and egg incubation area is 30cm*30cm*30cm, 80 mesh, and a piece of floral mud with a size of 22cm*10cm*7cm is placed on the left side, with 20 tea branches with nymphs inserted on it, with a total number of about 400 nymphs; floral mud with 20 fresh tea branches inserted is placed on the right side; after three days, the floral mud and tea branches on the left side are taken out and replaced with a piece of floral mud with 20 fresh tea branches inserted for continued cultivation, and so on, until the nymphs emerge as adults.

7. The method for cultivating and preserving tea leafhoppers on a large scale suitable for cicada tea production according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (3), a group of newly emerged tea green leafhopper adults is selected, 20 tea green leafhoppers are randomly selected, and their gender is identified to ensure that the female-to-male ratio is between 1.0 and 1.

2. Fresh tea branches are used to collect tea green leafhopper eggs, and the breeding density and tea branches are replaced as for adult maintenance. The replaced tea branches carry an average of 20 to 30 eggs per tea branch, and are moved to an egg incubation area for incubation or storage.

8. The method for cultivating and preserving tea leafhoppers on a large scale suitable for cicada tea production according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (4), the tea green leafhopper egg storage room is an artificial climate box, which can effectively store eggs at 5-15°C, and the storage time can be adjusted according to actual needs.

9. The method for cultivating and preserving tea leafhoppers on a large scale suitable for cicada tea production according to claim 1, characterized in that: The storage conditions of the eggs are: temperature of 10±1°C, relative humidity of 70±5%, light cycle of L12:D12, preferably, stored for 30 days or less.

10. The method for cultivating and preserving tea leafhoppers on a large scale suitable for cicada tea production according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (5), the incubation conditions of the tea green leafhopper eggs after low-temperature storage are preferably at a temperature of 25±2° C., a relative humidity of 80±5%, and a natural light cycle.

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