Method and device for measuring soil disturbance profile of agricultural soil touch component

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and a device for measuring a soil disturbance profile of an agricultural soil touch component, and belongs to the technical field of soil disturbance measurement. The method comprises the following steps that microwaves are emitted to soil of the cross section of an operation area after the agricultural soil touch component operates, reflected waves reflected by the soil are measured, the area with the large microwave reflection loss is determined from the reflected waves, and the boundary of the area serves as the soil disturbance outline. Microwaves are emitted to the soil of the cross section of the working area after the agricultural soil touching component works, reflected waves reflected by the soil are measured, the area with the large microwave reflection loss is determined from the reflected waves, when the soil bulk density corresponding to the microwave reflection loss is reduced by 20% or above, it is considered that the microwave reflection loss is large, and the area with the large microwave reflection loss is determined. According to the method, the boundary of a large area in microwave reflection loss serves as the soil disturbance contour, accurate measurement of the soil disturbance contour is achieved, manual repeated measurement is not needed, and accurate measurement can be conducted on the complex shape of the disturbance area after operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a method and a device for measuring the soil disturbance profile of an agricultural soil-contacting component, and belongs to the technical field of soil disturbance measurement. Background Art

[0002] Agricultural production processes usually require various soil-contacting components to loosen, level, dig trenches, and perform other operations on the soil. Many soil disturbance characteristic parameters, such as soil disturbance area, soil bulkiness, and soil disturbance coefficient, are important indicators for evaluating the performance of agricultural soil-contacting components. However, the measurement and calculation of these parameters require obtaining the soil disturbance profile of the soil-contacting components.

[0003] At present, the mainstream method for measuring soil disturbance profile is to use a soil profiler with multiple thin wooden or metal strips. Before the soil profiler is measured, several soil cross sections need to be dug along the forward direction of the machine, and then the soil disturbed by the soil-contacting parts in the cross section is manually dug out, and the soil profiler is placed vertically above the dug groove in the forward direction of the machine. By tapping the wooden strips, the bottom of the wooden strips falls on the soil groove contour, and finally the vertices of the wooden strips at different positions are traced on the coordinate paper. The soil disturbance profile can be obtained by connecting these vertices. This method requires manual excavation of the soil disturbed by the soil-contacting parts, which is not only labor-intensive and inefficient, but also difficult to ensure that the excavated soil is the soil in the area disturbed by the soil-contacting parts, which is easy to cause incomplete excavation (i.e., not digging to the boundary of the disturbance area) and over-excavation (i.e., digging out the soil outside the disturbance area), resulting in the measured parameters such as the area of ​​the disturbance area being too large or too small, which seriously affects the performance evaluation results of the machine.

[0004] The patent document with publication number CN108575168A discloses a method for determining the shape and area of ​​the soil disturbance area caused by deep plowing operation. The method uses a soil hardness meter to measure the soil hardness at different depths in the deep plowing area, and determines the shape of the disturbance area caused by the deep plowing operation according to the change in soil hardness. However, the method requires manual repeated measurements using a soil hardness meter, and the lateral measurement spacing (50mm) and vertical measurement spacing (25mm) are both large. Not only is the labor intensity high and the efficiency low, but it is also difficult to accurately measure the complex shape of the disturbance area after the deep plowing operation, especially for a winged deep plowing shovel. The disturbing action of the wing shovel at both ends of the shovel handle will make the shape of the soil disturbance area more complicated. The lateral measurement spacing of 50mm and the vertical measurement spacing of 25mm make it difficult to effectively obtain the disturbance profile of the wing shovel on the nearby soil, and the measurement error is large. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and device for measuring the soil disturbance profile of an agricultural soil-contacting component, so as to solve the problem of large error in measuring the soil disturbance profile.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the solution of the present invention includes: A method for measuring the soil disturbance profile of an agricultural soil-contacting component of the present invention comprises the following steps: The microwaves are emitted to the soil of the cross section of the working area after the operation of the agricultural soil-contacting components, and the reflected waves after being reflected by the soil are measured, and the area with the larger microwave reflection loss is determined from the reflected waves, and the boundary of the area is taken as the soil disturbance contour; the working area includes the disturbed area and the undisturbed area; When the soil bulk density corresponding to the microwave reflection loss decreases by more than 20%, it is considered that the microwave reflection loss is large.

[0007] Furthermore, microwave emission and reflected wave reception use a microwave transceiver array; the lateral spacing and vertical spacing of microwave transceiver units in the microwave transceiver array are determined by the measurement error of the soil disturbance profile.

[0008] Furthermore, the microwave transceiver array is placed facing the soil of the cross section so that the emission direction of the microwave and the reception direction of the reflected wave are both perpendicular to the cross section.

[0009] Furthermore, the microwave transceiver unit adopts a horn antenna.

[0010] Furthermore, the soil disturbance profile is obtained by performing spline fitting on the profile of the point area with large microwave reflection loss in the microwave transceiver array.

[0011] Furthermore, the method also includes the step of visually displaying the obtained microwave reflection loss.

[0012] A device for measuring soil disturbance profile of an agricultural soil-contacting component of the present invention comprises a microwave generator, a microwave transceiver and a processor, wherein the microwave generator is used to generate microwaves; The microwave transceiver is used to transmit the generated microwaves into the soil of the cross section of the working area after the agricultural soil-contacting component operates, and receive the reflected waves after being reflected by the soil; The processor is used for processing the reflected waves sent by the microwave transceiver, and determining the area with larger microwave reflection loss from the reflected waves, and taking the boundary of the area as the soil disturbance contour; The operating area includes disturbed areas and undisturbed areas; When the soil bulk density corresponding to the microwave reflection loss decreases by more than 20%, it is considered that the microwave reflection loss is large.

[0013] Furthermore, the microwave transceiver adopts a microwave transceiver array, and the lateral spacing and vertical spacing of the microwave transceiver units in the microwave transceiver array are determined by the measurement error of the soil disturbance profile.

[0014] Furthermore, an isolator is provided between the microwave generator and the microwave transceiver to prevent the reflected wave from entering the microwave generator.

[0015] Furthermore, it also includes a display for visually displaying the obtained microwave reflection loss.

[0016] Beneficial effects of the present invention: The present invention is a pioneering invention, which provides a method for measuring the soil disturbance profile of an agricultural soil-contacting component, and uses the relationship between the soil bulk density after disturbance and the microwave reflection loss to achieve accurate measurement of the soil disturbance profile. Among them, after the soil is operated by the agricultural soil-contacting component, the operating area of ​​the agricultural soil-contacting component is divided into a disturbed area and an undisturbed area, and the soil bulk density of the disturbed area is less than that of the undisturbed area; the study found that the microwave reflection loss can be increased by disturbing the soil and reducing the soil bulk density by the agricultural soil-contacting component, so microwaves are emitted to the soil in the cross section of the operating area after the agricultural soil-contacting component is operated, and the reflected wave after being reflected by the soil is measured, and the larger area of ​​microwave reflection loss is determined from the reflected wave. When the soil bulk density corresponding to the microwave reflection loss is reduced by more than 20%, it is considered that the microwave reflection loss is large, and the boundary of the larger area in the microwave reflection loss is used as the soil disturbance profile to achieve accurate measurement of the soil disturbance profile. This method does not require manual repeated measurement, can effectively reduce labor intensity, improve measurement efficiency, and can also accurately measure the complex shape of the disturbance area after the agricultural soil-contacting component is operated. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a measurement principle diagram of a device for measuring soil disturbance profile; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of microwave reflection measurement; Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the soil disturbance area outline.

[0018] Description of reference numerals: 1 is the ground surface before operation; 2 is the outline of the soil disturbance area; 3 is the undisturbed soil area; 4 is the microwave horn antenna array. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The present invention accurately measures the soil disturbance profile of agricultural soil-contacting components based on microwave reflection loss.

[0020] The study found that microwaves have a significantly greater ability to penetrate loose materials than dense materials, that is, when microwaves propagate in soil with a smaller bulk density, they penetrate deeper, attenuate more, and have greater reflection losses. Since the soil bulk density in areas disturbed by agricultural soil-touching components will be significantly reduced, the microwave reflection loss in the disturbed area is greater than that in the undisturbed area.

[0021] In order to solve the problem in the background technology, the present invention utilizes the relationship between soil bulk density and microwave reflection loss to achieve accurate measurement of soil disturbance profile.

[0022] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0023] An embodiment of a device for measuring the soil disturbance profile of an agricultural soil-contacting component: A device for measuring the soil disturbance profile of an agricultural soil-contacting component comprises a microwave generator, a microwave transceiver and a processor.

[0024] The microwaves generated by the microwave generator are transmitted through the microwave transceiver to the soil in the cross section of the working area after the agricultural soil-contacting component operates, and the microwave transceiver receives the reflected waves after being reflected by the soil and sends them to the processor. The processor processes the reflected waves sent by the microwave transceiver, and after determining the larger area of ​​microwave reflection loss from the reflected waves, the boundary of the area is used as the soil disturbance contour; the working area of ​​the agricultural soil-contacting component includes the disturbed area and the undisturbed area.

[0025] When the soil bulk density corresponding to the microwave reflection loss decreases by more than 20%, it is considered that the microwave reflection loss is large.

[0026] Specifically, when the soil bulk density in the working area after the operation of the agricultural soil-contacting components is reduced by more than 20% compared with the soil bulk density in the working area before the operation, it is considered that the microwave reflection loss is large; the microwave reflection loss is equal to the sum of the quotient of 12.5 divided by the soil bulk density and 0.4.

[0027] Among them, the microwave generator is used to generate microwaves; the microwave transceiver is used to transmit the microwaves generated by the microwave generator into the soil in the cross section of the working area after the operation of the agricultural soil-contacting components, and receive the reflected waves after being reflected by the soil; the processor is used to process the reflected waves sent by the microwave transceiver, and determine the larger area of ​​microwave reflection loss from the reflected waves, and use the boundary of the area as the soil disturbance contour.

[0028] In order to quickly measure the soil disturbance profile, the microwave transceiver uses a microwave transceiver array, and the lateral spacing and vertical spacing of the microwave transceiver units in the microwave transceiver array are determined by the measurement error of the soil disturbance profile.

[0029] The smaller the horizontal and vertical spacing of the microwave transceiver units is, the smaller the measurement error is. Therefore, the horizontal and vertical spacing of the microwave transceiver units can be set according to the measurement error requirements. For example, in order to control the measurement error of the soil disturbance profile within 5 mm, the horizontal and vertical spacings of the microwave transceiver units in the microwave transceiver array are both 5 mm.

[0030] In order to further reduce the measurement error of the soil disturbance profile, a waveguide may be provided between the microwave generator and the microwave transceiver to reduce the loss of microwaves transmitted between the microwave generator and the microwave transceiver.

[0031] Of course, a transmission line may also be provided between the microwave generator and the microwave transceiver, the purpose of which is to reduce the transmission loss of the microwaves between generation and emission as much as possible.

[0032] In order to further reduce the measurement error of the soil disturbance profile, an isolator is also set between the microwave generator and the microwave transceiver to prevent the reflected wave from entering the microwave generator.

[0033] A waveguide may also be provided between the isolator and the microwave transceiver to prevent reflected waves from entering the microwave generator and reduce the loss of microwaves transmitted between the microwave generator and the microwave transceiver.

[0034] Specifically, the microwave generator may be a microwave generator based on an electron tube generation method, a microwave generator based on a solid-state device generation method, or a microwave generator based on an oscillation circuit generation method, such as a scanning oscillator. The microwave generator may be selected according to actual needs.

[0035] To facilitate layout and calculation and to reduce the measurement error of soil disturbance profile, the microwave transceiver array is placed directly opposite the soil of the cross section so that the emission direction of microwaves and the reception direction of reflected waves are both perpendicular to the cross section.

[0036] Of course, the size of the microwave transceiver array is greater than or equal to the size of the cross-section, so that the microwave transceiver array can cover the cross-section to obtain the microwave reflection loss of the cross-section of the working area.

[0037] Specifically, the microwave transceiver unit can be selected according to actual needs, and the present invention selects an angular antenna.

[0038] Specifically, the processor obtains the soil disturbance profile by performing spline fitting on the profile of the point area with large microwave reflection loss in the microwave transceiver array.

[0039] Specifically, it also includes a display for visually displaying the obtained microwave reflection loss, so as to better display the microwave reflection loss in the working area.

[0040] For better understanding, here is an example: After the agricultural soil-contacting component completes its operation, the soil disturbance area is strip-shaped; before measuring the soil disturbance profile, a cross-section of the agricultural soil-contacting component operation area is dug out perpendicularly to the forward direction of the machine (agricultural soil-contacting component) using an excavator shovel. The operation area includes a soil disturbance area and an undisturbed soil area 3. The cross-section of the agricultural soil-contacting component operation area includes a cross-section of a strip-shaped soil disturbance area and a cross-section of an undisturbed soil area. Then, a soil disturbance profile measuring device equipped with a microwave horn antenna array 4 (equivalent to a microwave transceiver array) is placed directly opposite the cross-section of the operation area. The microwave reflection is measured as follows: Figure 2 As shown, the soil disturbance profile measuring device emits microwaves, which are reflected by the soil and return to the microwave horn antenna array 4, and finally the microwave reflection loss is displayed by the standing wave indicator.

[0041] The measuring principle of the device for measuring soil disturbance profile is as follows Figure 1 As shown, the microwave reflection loss is measured by a soil disturbance profile measuring device, and the soil disturbance profile measuring device mainly includes a scanning oscillator, an isolator, a waveguide tube, an angular antenna, and a processor. The processor includes a detector and a standing wave indicator. The scanning oscillator generates microwaves, which are sequentially transmitted through the isolator, the waveguide tube, and the angular antenna to the soil. Then, a reflected wave appears in the soil and is received by the angular antenna, and then passes through the waveguide tube and the detector. Finally, the microwave reflection loss is displayed by the standing wave indicator.

[0042] The scanning oscillator is used as a microwave generator to generate microwaves.

[0043] The isolator can effectively prevent the reflected waves received by the horn antenna from entering the scanning oscillator, but allows the microwaves generated by the scanning oscillator to enter the waveguide.

[0044] Waveguide tubes, also known as waveguides, are used to transmit microwaves with minimal loss.

[0045] The horn antenna is used as a microwave transceiver, which uses its geometric shape to achieve the radiation and reception of electromagnetic waves.

[0046] A detector is a device used to detect some useful information in a wave signal. It can identify the existence or changes of waves, oscillations or signals and extract the information they carry.

[0047] The standing wave indicator is used for devices that measure and indicate the standing wave ratio; the standing wave ratio (VSWR, Voltage Standing Wave Ratio) is the ratio of the reflected wave voltage to the incident wave voltage in a microwave transmission line, and is used to measure the degree of matching between a microwave transmission line or an antenna and a transmission system. The working principle of the standing wave indicator is based on the formation and measurement of standing waves. When a microwave signal propagates in a transmission line, if the transmission line or antenna does not match the transmission system, a reflected wave will be generated. The reflected wave and the incident wave are superimposed to form a standing wave, and the voltage and current of the standing wave show periodic changes on the transmission line. By measuring these changes, the standing wave indicator can calculate the standing wave ratio, thereby indicating the matching status of the transmission line or antenna.

[0048] Preliminary test results show that the relationship between microwave reflection loss (RLM) and soil bulk density (BD) is: RLM=0.4+12.5 / BD, that is, disturbing the soil and reducing the soil bulk density through agricultural soil-contacting components can increase microwave reflection loss.

[0049] Since the bulk density of the soil in the disturbed area by agricultural soil-touching components is small, the microwave reflection loss in the disturbed area is significantly greater than the microwave reflection loss in the undisturbed area 3, that is, the reflected wave loss at the soil particle position in the disturbed area is large. The boundaries of the areas with large microwave reflection losses (thick solid line positions) are connected by spline curves to form the soil disturbance area contour 2 (soil disturbance contour), as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the area enclosed by the soil disturbance area outline 2 and the ground surface 1 before operation is the soil disturbance area caused by the agricultural soil-contacting components.

[0050] Among them, Figure 2 As shown, the lateral spacing S=5mm and the vertical spacing (vertical spacing) L=5mm of the angular antennas in the microwave angular antenna array 4 can ensure that the measurement error of the disturbance area profile in the soil cross section is within 5mm, significantly improving the accuracy of the measurement results of soil disturbance characteristic parameters such as soil disturbance profile and soil disturbance area, that is, the measurement accuracy of the disturbance area profile is higher. The present invention also effectively reduces the measurement error by reducing the lateral and vertical spacing of the microwave receivers in the microwave receiver array.

[0051] The present invention is based on the actual needs of agricultural machinery design and performance evaluation, and is based on the relationship between microwave reflection loss (RLM) and soil bulk density (BD): RLM=0.4+12.5 / BD. That is, the soil is disturbed by agricultural soil-contacting components to reduce the soil bulk density, which can increase microwave reflection loss. There is no need for manual soil digging or repeated use of a soil hardness meter for measurement, which significantly improves measurement efficiency and accuracy and reduces the labor intensity of the measurement process in the soil-disturbed area by agricultural soil-contacting components.

[0052] An embodiment of a method for measuring the soil disturbance profile of an agricultural soil-contacting component: A method for measuring the soil disturbance profile of agricultural soil-contacting components is proposed based on the relationship between microwave reflection loss (RLM) and soil bulk density (BD). The method includes the following steps: Microwaves are emitted to the soil in the cross section of the working area after the operation of agricultural soil-contacting components, and the reflected waves after reflection by the soil are measured. The area with larger microwave reflection loss is determined from the reflected waves. When the soil bulk density corresponding to the microwave reflection loss decreases by more than 20%, it is considered that the microwave reflection loss is large. The boundary of this area is taken as the soil disturbance contour to achieve accurate measurement of the soil disturbance contour.

[0053] In order to quickly measure the soil disturbance profile, the microwave transceiver uses a microwave transceiver array, and the lateral spacing and vertical spacing of the microwave transceiver units in the microwave transceiver array are determined by the measurement error of the soil disturbance profile.

[0054] The smaller the horizontal and vertical spacing of the microwave transceiver units is, the smaller the measurement error is. Therefore, the horizontal and vertical spacing of the microwave transceiver units can be set according to the measurement error requirements. For example, in order to control the measurement error of the soil disturbance profile within 5 mm, the horizontal and vertical spacings of the microwave transceiver units in the microwave transceiver array are both 5 mm.

[0055] To facilitate layout and calculation and to reduce the measurement error of soil disturbance profile, the microwave transceiver array is placed directly opposite the soil of the cross section so that the emission direction of microwaves and the reception direction of reflected waves are both perpendicular to the cross section.

[0056] Of course, the size of the microwave transceiver array is greater than or equal to the size of the cross-section, so that the microwave transceiver array can cover the cross-section to obtain the microwave reflection loss of the cross-section of the working area.

[0057] Specifically, the microwave transceiver unit can be selected according to actual needs, and the present invention selects an angular antenna.

[0058] Specifically, the soil disturbance profile is obtained by performing spline fitting on the profile of the point area with large microwave reflection loss in the microwave transceiver array.

[0059] Specifically, the method also includes the step of visually displaying the obtained microwave reflection loss to better display the microwave reflection loss in the operating area.

[0060] Specifically, microwaves are generated by a microwave generator and then transmitted to a microwave transceiver.

[0061] In order to further reduce the measurement error of the soil disturbance profile, a waveguide may be provided between the microwave generator and the microwave transceiver to reduce the loss of microwaves transmitted between the microwave generator and the microwave transceiver.

[0062] Of course, a transmission line may also be provided between the microwave generator and the microwave transceiver, the purpose of which is to reduce the transmission loss of the microwaves between generation and emission as much as possible.

[0063] In order to further reduce the measurement error of the soil disturbance profile, an isolator is also set between the microwave generator and the microwave transceiver to prevent the reflected wave from entering the microwave generator.

[0064] A waveguide may also be provided between the isolator and the microwave transceiver to prevent reflected waves from entering the microwave generator and reduce the loss of microwaves transmitted between the microwave generator and the microwave transceiver.

[0065] Specifically, the microwave generator may be a microwave generator based on an electron tube generation method, a microwave generator based on a solid-state device generation method, or a microwave generator based on an oscillation circuit generation method, such as a scanning oscillator. The microwave generator may be selected according to actual needs.

Claims

1. A method for measuring the soil disturbance profile of an agricultural soil-contacting component, characterized in that: The steps include: The microwaves are emitted to the soil of the cross section of the working area after the agricultural soil-contacting component operates, and the reflected waves after being reflected by the soil are measured, and the area with the larger microwave reflection loss is determined from the reflected waves, and the boundary of the area is used as the soil disturbance contour; the working area includes the disturbed area and the undisturbed area; When the soil bulk density corresponding to the microwave reflection loss decreases by more than 20%, it is considered that the microwave reflection loss is large.

2. The method for measuring the soil disturbance profile of an agricultural soil-contacting component according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microwave emission and reflected wave reception adopt a microwave transceiver array; the lateral spacing and vertical spacing of the microwave transceiver units in the microwave transceiver array are determined by the measurement error of the soil disturbance profile.

3. The method for measuring the soil disturbance profile of an agricultural soil-contacting component according to claim 2, characterized in that: The microwave transceiver array is placed facing the soil of the cross section so that the emission direction of the microwave and the reception direction of the reflected wave are both perpendicular to the cross section.

4. The method for measuring the soil disturbance profile of an agricultural soil-contacting component according to claim 2, characterized in that: The microwave transceiver unit adopts an angular antenna.

5. The method for measuring the soil disturbance profile of an agricultural soil-contacting component according to claim 2, characterized in that: The soil disturbance profile is obtained by performing spline fitting on the profile of the point area with large microwave reflection loss in the microwave transceiver array.

6. The method for measuring the soil disturbance profile of an agricultural soil-contacting component according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method also includes the step of visually displaying the obtained microwave reflection loss.

7. A device for measuring the soil disturbance profile of an agricultural soil-contacting component, characterized in that: It comprises a microwave generator, a microwave transceiver and a processor, wherein the microwave generator is used to generate microwaves; The microwave transceiver is used to transmit the generated microwaves into the soil of the cross section of the working area after the agricultural soil-contacting component operates, and receive the reflected waves after being reflected by the soil; The processor is used to process the reflected waves sent by the microwave transceiver, and determine the area with larger microwave reflection loss from the reflected waves, and use the boundary of the area as the soil disturbance contour; The operating area includes a disturbed area and an undisturbed area; When the soil bulk density corresponding to the microwave reflection loss decreases by more than 20%, it is considered that the microwave reflection loss is large.

8. The device for measuring the soil disturbance profile of an agricultural soil-contacting component according to claim 7, characterized in that: The microwave transceiver adopts a microwave transceiver array, and the horizontal spacing and vertical spacing of the microwave transceiver units in the microwave transceiver array are determined by the measurement error of the soil disturbance profile.

9. The device for measuring the soil disturbance profile of an agricultural soil-contacting component according to claim 7, characterized in that: An isolator is also provided between the microwave generator and the microwave transceiver to prevent reflected waves from entering the microwave generator.

10. The device for measuring the soil disturbance profile of an agricultural soil-contacting component according to claim 7, characterized in that: Also included is a display for visually displaying the obtained microwave reflection loss.

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