Integrated device and method for comprehensively evaluating and measuring filtering performance of filter material of filter tank

Abstract

The invention discloses an integrated device and method for comprehensively evaluating and measuring the filtering performance of a filter material in a filter tank. The integrated device comprises a box body structure, wherein a water inlet and outlet system, a filtering system, a backwashing system, a pressure difference measuring pipe system, a PLC control system and the like are arranged in the box body; the device adopts a water pump to feed water, the water inlet pressure adjusting range is wide, and the pressure drop difference of the filter layer can be equal to the thickness in a proper particle size range; when the filtering speed is too high, the permeability coefficient can be analyzed by adopting two or more than two pressure drop differences and an instantaneous filtering speed fitting change curve. The filtering system can set constant filtering speed and turbidity (suspended solids), the turbidity (suspended solids) and head loss are measured after the filtering system runs for a certain time, and the filtering performance of the filtering system is analyzed according to an index system. The water inlet and outlet ports of the filter column are arranged at equal intervals and in equal size, the measuring pipe can be detached and heightened, filter materials do not need to be replaced, gas and water backwashing can be achieved, integrated movement can be achieved, and switching of analysis and measuring modes of filter layers with different heights in the filter column is facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of filtration performance determination, and specifically relates to an integrated device and method for comprehensive evaluation and determination of filtration performance of filter media in a filter pool. Background Art

[0002] The permeability coefficient K is an indicator that comprehensively reflects the permeability of the filter layer. Accurately determining its value is of vital importance for permeability calculations. The permeability coefficient is significantly affected by many factors, mainly depending on the shape, size, unevenness coefficient and viscosity of the filter particles. It is difficult to establish an accurate theoretical formula for calculating the permeability coefficient k. At present, the types of instruments and test methods for measuring the permeability coefficient k in the laboratory can be roughly divided into the category of "constant head method".

[0003] The constant head test method means that the head is kept constant during the entire test process, so that the head difference remains unchanged. During the test, a saturated sample with a cross section of A and a length of L is placed in a transparent plastic cylinder, and the water valve is opened to allow water to flow through the sample from top to bottom and be discharged from the outlet. When the head difference △h and the seepage flow rate Q are stable, the amount of water V flowing through the sample within a specific time t is measured. When the Reynolds number of the water flow in the filter tank Re<10, it belongs to a low-speed fluid and conforms to Darcy's law. The one-dimensional Darcy seepage formula is as follows:

[0004]

[0005] Where: V-surface filtration velocity (m / h); Q-flow rate (m 3 / h); A-filter cross-sectional area (m 2 );K-permeability coefficient;ΔH-pressure drop at the filter layer height, i.e., the height difference on the pressure measuring tube (m); ΔL-measured filter layer height, i.e., the distance between the pressure measuring tubes at the connection (m). In the above formula, when ΔH=ΔL, the surface filtration velocity corresponding to K is the permeability coefficient.

[0006] Relevant research at home and abroad has shown that the growth rate of head loss, the length of filtration cycle, the constant filtration rate, and the removal rate of suspended impurities such as soil, silt, fine organic matter, inorganic matter, and plankton can all be used as key factors in evaluating the filtration performance of the filter bed.

[0007] MBGamet et al. used the ratio of the periodic water production per unit filter area to the head loss at the end of filtration to evaluate the filtration performance. The formula is as follows:

[0008]

[0009] Where: V h -Constant filtration rate, m / h; T-operating time, h; H t- Head loss at the end of filtration, m. KJIves added the influence of water quality to the FPI evaluation index proposed by MBGamet et al. The formula is as follows:

[0010]

[0011] Where: C0-average influent turbidity; C e -Average inlet water turbidity.

[0012] CDBisker et al. proposed the following filtration performance evaluation indicators:

[0013]

[0014] The ratio of residual head introduced by TDLekkas ΔH t The excess turbidity ratio ΔC of the calculation point t , the formula is as follows:

[0015]

[0016] Where ΔH t That is, the difference between the limit head loss and the head loss during calculation (H lim -H t ) and the limit head loss H lim The ratio of ΔC t That is, the allowable limit turbidity C lim Subtract the effluent turbidity C during calculation e The difference between the limit turbidity C lim ratio.

[0017] Jing Youhai et al. studied the effect of increasing the filter layer thickness L on the filtration performance, JC index, and the formula is as follows:

[0018]

[0019] Where L is the filter layer thickness.

[0020] In the above formula 2-7, K, ΔH, ΔL, V h , T, H t , C0, C e , ΔH t , ΔC t, L are the main factors for evaluating the permeability coefficient and filtration performance of filter media. At present, the test devices involved in the majority of relevant literature research and the market have the following main problems: the filtration rate using normal water pressure head test is too low, and the filter media particle size range for permeability coefficient test is small; the inlet and outlet joint sizes and layer heights are not standardized, the water flow direction of the test filter layer is single and the number of layers is too small; the components of the test equipment have limited versatility and scattered layout; there is no backwashing function, and the filter media needs to be replaced and cleaned frequently; there is a lack of automated online measurement instruments.

[0021] In summary, there is an urgent need to provide an integrated device and method for comprehensive evaluation and determination of filtration performance of filter media in filter beds, so as to overcome the shortcomings in current practical applications. Summary of the invention

[0022] In view of the above situation, in order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the present invention provides an integrated device and method for comprehensive evaluation and determination of filtration performance of filter media in a filter bed, which effectively solves the problems in the above background technology.

[0023] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an integrated device for comprehensive evaluation and determination of filtration performance of filter media in a filter tank, comprising a box structure, the box structure comprising a main frame structure, a box door, a slide rail and a tool cabinet, and the box structure is also provided with an inlet and outlet water system, a filtration system, a backwashing system, a pressure difference measuring pipe system and a PLC control system;

[0024] The water inlet and outlet system includes a water inlet pump, a hose and a drawer-type water tank. Two groups of the drawer-type water tank are arranged in the main frame structure. The filtration system includes a transparent filter column and pyrite particles, a supporting layer and a filter cap arranged in sequence in the transparent filter column, and a sealing cover plate is also arranged on the top of the transparent filter column. The differential pressure measuring tube system includes a glass scale tube group, which is arranged on the door panel of the box door, and there are multiple groups of glass scale tube groups. The multiple groups of glass scale tube groups are connected to the transparent filter column through metal hoses respectively. The water inlet pump and the transparent filter column and the water inlet pump and the drawer-type water tank are connected through pipes, and a hose is also arranged between one group of pipes and the upper drawer-type water tank.

[0025] Preferably, a second valve assembly is further provided on the pipeline where the water inlet pump is located, and the second valve assembly includes valve A, valve B, valve C, valve D, valve E and valve F;

[0026] The pipeline where the water inlet pump is located is also provided with a turbidity monitor A, a flow meter A, a flow meter B and a turbidity monitor B.

[0027] Preferably, a first valve assembly is further provided on the metal hose, and the first valve assembly includes valve G, valve H, valve I and valve J, and valve G, valve H, valve I and valve J are respectively provided on the metal hose.

[0028] Preferably, the door panel is also equipped with an active buckle for fixing a glass scale tube set, wherein the glass scale tube set includes a glass scale tube A and a glass scale tube B, and the glass scale tube A and the glass scale tube B are spliced ​​by a sealing rubber sleeve.

[0029] Preferably, a handle is further provided on the drawer-type water tank, and rollers for use with slide rails are provided at the bottom of the drawer-type water tank.

[0030] Preferably, the backwash system comprises a backwash air compressor and a backwash water pump, and the backwash air compressor and the backwash water pump are connected to the transparent filter column and the drawer-type water tank through pipelines.

[0031] Preferably, valves K, L, M and N are also provided on the pipeline where the backwash air compressor and the backwash water pump are located.

[0032] The method for comprehensive evaluation and determination of the filtering performance of filter media in a filter pool adopts the above-mentioned integrated device for comprehensive evaluation and determination of the filtering performance of filter media in a filter pool, and is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:

[0033] During the upward flow test: open valve A, valve D, valve F, and close the other valves. The water inlet pump pumps water from the raw water tank to the transparent filter column. The water flows from bottom to top, passes through the filter material layer, and flows to the clean water tank through the pipe where valve F is located. During water backwashing, open valve L, valve M, valve E, valve A, and close the other valves. The backwash water pump pumps water from the clean water tank to the transparent filter column for water backwashing. The wastewater after backwashing flows to the raw water tank through the pipe where valves E and valve A are located.

[0034] During the downward flow test: open valve B, valve C, valve E, and close the other valves. The water inlet pump (11) pumps water from the raw water tank to the transparent filter column (7). The water flows from top to bottom, passes through the filter material layer, and flows to the clean water tank through the pipeline where valve C is located. During water backwashing, open valve K, valve M, valve E, and valve A, and close the other valves. The backwash water pump pumps water from the clean water tank to the transparent filter column for water backwashing. The waste water after backwashing flows to the raw water tank through the pipeline where valve E and valve A are located.

[0035] Air backwashing: Open valve N, close the other valves, and use the backwash air compressor to flush the transparent filter column with air.

[0036] Preferably, the method is also used to measure the permeability coefficient K of the downward and upward flow filter layers, the height difference ΔH on the pressure measuring tube, the distance ΔL between the pressure measuring tube connections, and the limiting filtration rate V max Factors are measured, including:

[0037] Downward flow filter layer permeability coefficient determination process:

[0038] Step 1.1: After the test begins, water is pumped into the water inlet at the upper end of the transparent filter column, the top cover of the transparent filter column is closed, the bottom outlet valve is opened, and water flows from the top of the filter layer to the bottom. The constant flow rate of the inlet water is adjusted in steps to keep the pressure drop ΔH at the filter layer height stable for a period of operation, and the bottom outlet water Q during this period is recorded;

[0039] Step 1.2: When the height difference ΔH on the glass graduated tube set is equal to the distance ΔL between the glass graduated tube sets, the filtration rate calculated according to Darcy's law is the permeability coefficient;

[0040] Step 1.3: When the height difference ΔH on the glass graduated tube set is smaller than the spacing ΔL at the connection of the glass graduated tube set, it means that the particle size is large and the filtration rate is too high. The height difference on at least two glass graduated tube sets can be used to fit the change curve of the instantaneous filtration rate, and then the permeability coefficient can be analyzed;

[0041] Steps for determining the permeability coefficient of the upward flow filter layer:

[0042] Step 2.1: After the test begins, the water inlet at the lower end of the transparent filter column is driven by the water inlet pump to flow water, and the overflow port on the top cover of the transparent filter column is opened. The water flows from the bottom of the filter material layer to the top, and the constant flow rate of the inlet water is adjusted in steps to keep the pressure drop ΔH at the filter layer height stable for a period of operation, and the top water outlet Q during this period is recorded;

[0043] Step 2.2: When the height difference ΔH on the glass graduated tube set is equal to the distance ΔL between the glass graduated tube sets, the filtration rate calculated according to Darcy's law is the permeability coefficient;

[0044] Step 2.3: When the height difference ΔH on the glass graduated tube set is smaller than the spacing ΔL at the connection of the glass graduated tube set, it means that the particle size is large and the filtration rate is too high. The height difference on at least two glass graduated tube sets can be used to fit the change curve of the instantaneous filtration rate, and then the permeability coefficient can be analyzed;

[0045] Step 2.4: The filtration rate when the filter material with the smallest particle size on the surface of the filter material begins to fluidize is the limiting filtration rate V max .

[0046] Preferably, the method is also used to measure the filtration performance factor of the downward and upward flow filter layers at a constant filtration rate V h , operation time T, head loss at the end of filtration H t , inlet turbidity C0, outlet turbidity C e , Limit head loss H lim 、Limit turbidity C lim And the total thickness of the filter layer L factor is measured;

[0047] The steps for determining the filtration performance factor of the downward and upward flow filter layers include: setting a constant filtration rate V for the influent of the deviceh and the inlet turbidity C0. After the system has been running for a certain period of time T, the final head loss H of filtration is measured. t and effluent turbidity C e , determine the limit head loss H lim 、Limit turbidity C lim , based on the relevant index evaluation system, the factors are analyzed to make a comprehensive evaluation of the filtration performance.

[0048] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0049] The present invention has a wide range of filter material particle sizes for permeability coefficient testing. The water tank constant water pressure head used in the past, when affected by the filter material particle size being too large, the lower water outlet diameter, etc., the filtration rate is too low, resulting in ΔH<<ΔL, the ΔH change is not obvious, and the permeability coefficient measurement error is large. The present invention uses an adjustable water pump to inlet water, which can step-by-step adjust the constant flow rate of the inlet water. For filter materials with different particle sizes, the instantaneous filtration rate V can be fitted through two or more ΔH x The change curve of the filter layer thickness is obtained to obtain the fitting filtration rate V under the current filter layer thickness. n , that is, the permeability coefficient K n ;

[0050] During the filter upflow test, the limiting filtration velocity V in the boundary area between laminar flow and turbulent flow can be determined. max .

[0051] The present invention can conveniently switch the permeability coefficient and filtration performance measurement modes of the upward flow and the downward flow of the filter layer, standardize and unify the sizes of the inlet and outlet joints, and the test device components have strong versatility.

[0052] The invention can perform stratification and combination determination on filter materials. The water inlet and outlet systems, the scale system and the filter column connection points are designed with spacings of 5cm, 10cm, 15cm, 20cm, 25cm, 30cm, etc., to meet the stratification and combination analysis of filter materials with different spacing heights.

[0053] The present invention is provided with an air-water backwashing system, and in tests of filter layers with different thicknesses, the cycle of replacing filter materials can be selected to maintain the continuity of the test.

[0054] The present invention has the capability of collecting flow rate and turbidity (solid suspended matter concentration) online.

[0055] The present invention carries out miniaturized integrated design for the dispersed components, which is convenient for storage, transportation and use. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0056] The accompanying drawings are intended to explain the details and structures of the present invention in more depth to facilitate understanding, and constitute a part of the specification. They are used to explain the present invention together with the embodiments of the present invention, but do not constitute a limitation of the present invention.

[0057] In the attached picture:

[0058] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the external structure of the present invention.

[0059] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the left view structure.

[0060] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the present invention.

[0061] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A partial enlarged view of .

[0062] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the drawer type water tank in the present invention.

[0063] Figure 6 This is the schematic diagram of the downward flow test.

[0064] Figure 7 This is the schematic diagram of the upward flow test.

[0065] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of quartz sand head loss at different filter layer heights.

[0066] Fig. 9 Schematic diagram of SS outlet from quartz sand with different filter layer heights.

[0067] Fig.10 Schematic diagram of head loss in 90cm filter layer for pyrite with different particle sizes.

[0068] Fig.11 Schematic diagram of SS effluent from the 90 cm filter layer of pyrite with different particle sizes.

[0069] In the figure: 1-movable buckle, 2-sealing rubber sleeve, 3-glass scale tube A, 4-first valve assembly, 5-door plate, 6-metal hose, 7-transparent filter column, 8-recoil air compressor, 9-valve M, 10-recoil water pump, 11-water inlet pump, 12-valve K, 13-valve A, 14-turbidity monitor A, 15-flow meter A, 16-valve C, 17-drawer-type water tank, 18-valve L, 19-valve B, 20-handle, 21-valve N, 22-glass graduated tube B, 23-sealing cover, 24-valve F, 25-flow meter B, 26-turbidity monitor B, 27-valve E, 28-valve D, 29-hose, 30-main frame structure, 31-PLD control cabinet, 32-box door, 33-tool cabinet, 34-filter cap, 35-slide rail, 36-roller, 37-pyrite particles, 38-supporting layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0070] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments; based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0071] See also Figure 1-Figure 7 The integrated device for comprehensive evaluation and determination of filtration performance of filter media in a filter pool provided in an embodiment of the present invention comprises a box structure, wherein the box structure comprises a main frame structure 30, a box door 32, a slide rail 35 and a tool cabinet 33, and the box structure is also provided with a water inlet and outlet system, a filtration system, a backwashing system, a pressure difference measuring pipe system and a PLC control system;

[0072] The water inlet and outlet system includes a water inlet pump 11, a hose and a drawer-type water tank 17. The drawer-type water tank 17 is provided with two groups in the main frame structure 30. The filtration system includes a transparent filter column 7 and pyrite particles 37, a supporting layer 38 and a filter cap 34 sequentially arranged in the transparent filter column 7, and a sealing cover plate 23 is also provided on the top of the transparent filter column 7. The differential pressure measuring tube system includes a glass scale tube group, which is arranged on the door panel 5 of the box door 32, and there are multiple groups of glass scale tube groups. The multiple groups of glass scale tube groups are connected to the transparent filter column 7 through metal hoses 6 respectively. The water inlet pump 11 and the transparent filter column 7 and the water inlet pump 11 and the drawer-type water tank 17 are all connected through pipes, and a hose 29 is also provided between one group of pipes and the upper drawer-type water tank 17;

[0073] A second valve assembly is also provided on the pipeline where the water inlet pump 11 is located, and the second valve assembly includes valve A13, valve B19, valve C16, valve D28, valve E27 and valve F24;

[0074] The pipeline where the water inlet pump 11 is located is also provided with a turbidity monitor A14, a flow meter A15, a flow meter B25 and a turbidity monitor B26; the electronic flow meter (flow meter A15, flow meter B25) on the water inlet pipeline accurately measures the instantaneous flow rate Q of the inlet water, and the instantaneous filtration rate V can be calculated by knowing the inner diameter cross-sectional area A of the filter column. x ; An online turbidity meter (turbidity monitor A14, turbidity monitor B26) or online suspended solids concentration meter is installed on the water inlet pipeline to accurately measure the C0 value (or SS0 value); an online turbidity meter (or online suspended solids concentration meter) is installed on the water outlet pipeline to accurately measure the C e Value (or SS e value);

[0075] The metal hose 6 is also provided with a first valve assembly 4, which includes a valve G, a valve H, a valve I and a valve J, and the valves G, H, I and J are respectively provided on the metal hose 6; wherein the plurality of groups of metal hoses 6 are arranged at equal intervals, so that the connection points of the water inlet and outlet systems, the pressure difference measuring pipe system and the transparent filter column are designed with intervals of 5 cm, 10 cm, 15 cm, 20 cm, 25 cm, 30 cm, etc., to meet the stratification and combination analysis of filter materials with different spacing heights, and the sizes of the water inlet and outlet joints are standardized and unified, the test device components are highly versatile, and the permeability coefficient and filtration performance measurement modes of the upward flow and downward flow of the filter layer can be conveniently switched;

[0076] The door panel 5 is also provided with an active buckle 1 for fixing a glass scale tube set, the glass scale tube set includes a glass scale tube A3 and a glass scale tube B22, and the glass scale tube A3 and the glass scale tube B22 are spliced ​​by a sealing rubber sleeve 2, so as to increase the range, and the glass scale tube B22 can be fixed on another door panel 5 by the active buckle 1 for storage;

[0077] The drawer-type water tank 17 is also provided with a handle 20, and the bottom of the drawer-type water tank 17 is provided with a roller 36 for use with the slide rail 35;

[0078] The backwash system comprises a backwash air compressor 8 and a backwash water pump, and the backwash air compressor 8 and the backwash water pump are connected to the transparent filter column and the drawer-type water tank 17 through pipelines;

[0079] The pipeline where the backwash air compressor 8 and the backwash water pump are located is also provided with a valve K12, a valve L18, a valve M9 and a valve N21.

[0080] The PLC control system includes a PLD control cabinet 31 and cables, wherein the PLD control cabinet 31 is located above a tool cabinet 33. The setting of the tool cabinet 33 can improve the storage capacity of the device, and the setting of the PLD control cabinet 31 facilitates the control of components in the device.

[0081] In an embodiment of the present invention, during the upward flow test, the upper drawer-type water tank 17 is a clean water tank, and the lower drawer-type water tank 17 is a raw water tank; during the downward flow test, the upper drawer-type water tank 17 is a raw water tank, and the lower drawer-type water tank 17 is a clean water tank; the dispersed components are miniaturized and integrated to facilitate storage, transportation and use; an air-water backwashing system is provided to test filter layers of different thicknesses without frequent replacement of filter media; the device covers a wide range of filter media particle size measurements, the filter tank downward flow and upward flow measurement modes can be easily switched, the filter layer (pyrite particles 37) can be layered and a large number of layers can be selected, the test equipment components are universal and highly integrated, with a backwashing function and an automatic online monitoring function for parameters.

[0082] See also Figure 1-Figure 7 The method for comprehensive evaluation and determination of the filtering performance of filter media in a filter pool provided by an embodiment of the present invention adopts the above-mentioned integrated device for comprehensive evaluation and determination of the filtering performance of filter media in a filter pool, and the method comprises the following steps:

[0083] During the upward flow test: open valve A13, valve D28, valve F24, and close the other valves. The water inlet pump 11 pumps water from the raw water tank (the drawer-type water tank 17 on the lower layer) to the transparent filter column 7. The water flows from bottom to top, passes through the filter material layer (pyrite particles 37), and then flows to the clean water tank (the drawer-type water tank 17 on the upper layer) through the pipeline where valve F24 is located. During water backwashing, open valve L18, valve M9, valve E27, valve A13, and close the other valves. The backwash water pump 10 pumps water from the clean water tank (the drawer-type water tank 17 on the upper layer) to the transparent filter column 7 for water backwashing. The wastewater after backwashing flows to the raw water tank (the drawer-type water tank 17 on the lower layer) through the pipeline where valves E27 and valve A13 are located;

[0084] During the downward flow test: open valve B19, valve C16, valve E27, and close the other valves. The water inlet pump 11 flows from the raw water tank (the upper drawer-type water tank 17) to the transparent filter column 7 by gravity. The water flows from top to bottom, passes through the filter material layer, and flows to the clean water tank (the lower drawer-type water tank 17) through the pipe where valve C16 is located. During water backwashing, open valve K12, valve M9, valve E27, valve A13, and close the other valves. The backwash water pump 10 pumps water from the clean water tank (the lower drawer-type water tank 17) to the transparent filter column 7 for water backwashing. The waste water after backwashing flows to the raw water tank (the upper drawer-type water tank 17) through the pipe where valves E27 and valve A13 are located;

[0085] Air backwashing: open valve N21, close other valves, and use the backwash air compressor 8 to flush the transparent filter column 7 with air;

[0086] The method is also used to determine the permeability coefficient K of the downward and upward flow filter layers, the height difference ΔH on the pressure measuring tube, the distance ΔL at the connection of the pressure measuring tube, and the limiting filtration rate V max Factors are measured, including:

[0087] Downward flow filter layer permeability coefficient determination process:

[0088] Step 1.1: After the test begins, water is introduced into the water inlet at the upper end of the transparent filter column 7 by using the water inlet pump 11, the top cover of the transparent filter column 7 is closed, the bottom water outlet valve is opened, and the water flows from the top of the filter material layer to the bottom. The constant flow rate of the inlet water is adjusted in steps to keep the pressure drop (i.e., the height difference on the pressure measuring tube) ΔH at the filter layer height stable for a period of operation, and the bottom water outlet Q during this period is recorded;

[0089] Step 1.2: When the height difference ΔH on the glass graduated tube set is equal to the distance ΔL between the glass graduated tube sets, the filtration rate calculated according to Darcy's law is the permeability coefficient;

[0090] Step 1.3: When the height difference ΔH on the glass graduated tube set is smaller than the spacing ΔL at the connection of the glass graduated tube set, it means that the particle size is large and the filtration rate is too high. The height difference on at least two glass graduated tube sets can be used to fit the change curve of the instantaneous filtration rate, and then the permeability coefficient can be analyzed;

[0091] Steps for determining the permeability coefficient of the upward flow filter layer:

[0092] Step 2.1: After the test begins, water is introduced into the water inlet at the lower end of the transparent filter column 7 by using the water inlet pump 11, and the water flows from the bottom of the filter material layer to the top of the overflow port of the top cover of the transparent filter column 7. The constant flow rate of the inlet water is adjusted in steps to keep the pressure drop (i.e., the height difference on the pressure measuring tube) ΔH at the filter layer height stable for a period of operation, and the top water outlet Q during this period is recorded;

[0093] Step 2.2: When the height difference ΔH on the glass graduated tube set is equal to the distance ΔL between the glass graduated tube sets, the filtration rate calculated according to Darcy's law is the permeability coefficient;

[0094] Step 2.3: When the height difference ΔH on the glass graduated tube set is smaller than the spacing ΔL at the connection of the glass graduated tube set, it means that the particle size is large and the filtration rate is too high. The height difference on at least two glass graduated tube sets can be used to fit the change curve of the instantaneous filtration rate, and then the permeability coefficient can be analyzed;

[0095] Step 2.4: The filtration rate when the filter material with the smallest particle size on the surface of the filter material begins to fluidize is the limiting filtration rate V max ;

[0096] The adjustable water inlet pump 11 is used to inlet water, and the constant flow rate of the inlet water can be adjusted in steps. For filter materials with different particle sizes, the instantaneous filtration rate V can be fitted by two or more ΔH. x The change curve of the filter layer thickness is obtained to obtain the fitting filtration rate V under the current filter layer thickness. n , that is, the permeability coefficient K n ;

[0097] In the upward flow state, when the expansion rate e = 0, the filtration rate is at the limit stage where nonlinear turbulence is about to occur, so it is also called the limit filtration rate;

[0098] The method is also used to measure the filtration performance factor of the downward and upward flow filter layers, the constant filtration rate V of the influent h , operation time T, head loss at the end of filtration H t , inlet turbidity C0 (or suspended solids concentration SS0), outlet turbidity C e (or suspended solids concentration SSe ), limit head loss H lim 、Limit turbidity C lim (or limiting suspended solids concentration SS lim ) and the total thickness of the filter layer L factor for determination;

[0099] The steps for determining the filtration performance factor of the downward and upward flow filter layers include: setting a constant filtration rate V for the influent of the device h and the inlet turbidity C0 (or suspended solids concentration SS0). After the system has been running for a certain period of time T, the final head loss H of the filtration is measured. t and effluent turbidity C e (or suspended solids concentration SS e ), determine the limit head loss H lim 、Limit turbidity C lim (or limiting suspended solids concentration SS lim ), and analyze the factors according to the relevant index evaluation system to make a comprehensive evaluation of the filtration performance.

[0100] Application Case 1: Determination of Upward Permeability Coefficient of Quartz Sand Filter Media

[0101] This application simulates an upward flow drinking water filter. The test drinking water turbidity is 1NTU. The quartz sand filter media particle size is 1.7-3.3mm. The test filter layer thickness ΔL is 30cm, 60cm, and 90cm. During the test, a certain filter layer thickness is selected, the water inlet pump is turned on to adjust the flow rate, and the pressure drop at two different filter layer heights (i.e., the height difference on the pressure measuring tube) is read. The balance is maintained for about 60 seconds, as shown in Table 1. The relevant data is recorded, and a curve is fitted based on the data. The pressure drop at the filter layer height is the same as the filter media height. The corresponding filtration rate at this time is the permeability coefficient of this filter layer thickness in the current state. During the upward flow test of the filter, when the filter media with the smallest particle size on the surface of the filter media just begins to fluidize, the limiting filtration rate V at the boundary area between laminar flow and turbulent flow is max .

[0102] Table 1 Upward permeability coefficient of quartz sand filter material

[0103]

[0104] Application Case 2: Determination and Comprehensive Evaluation of Upflow Filtration Factor of Quartz Sand Filter Media

[0105] This application simulates an upward flow sewage biofilter, using quartz sand filter media with a particle size of 1.7-3.3 mm, filter layer thickness ΔL of 30 cm, 60 cm, and 90 cm, raw water SS0 = 20 mg / L, and a constant filtration rate V h =5m / h, Figure 8 , Fig. 9The head loss H of quartz sand with a particle size of 1.7-3.3 mm in the 30 cm, 60 cm, and 90 cm filter layers is t And inlet and outlet water SS0, SS e Table 2 shows the filtration performance factor measurement results and comprehensive evaluation after the system has been running for 30 hours.

[0106] Table 2 Determination and comprehensive evaluation of upward filtration performance factors of quartz sand filter media

[0107]

[0108] Application Case 3: Determination of Downward Flow Permeability Coefficient of Pyrite Granular Filter Media

[0109] This application simulates a downward flow biofilter, SS0 = 20 mg / L, the particle size of the pyrite granular filter material used is 2.0-3.0 mm, the test filter layer thickness ΔL is 30 cm, 60 cm, 90 cm, and a certain filter layer thickness is selected during the test, the water inlet pump is started, and the flow rate is increased to a preset specific value. The pressure drop on the filter layer height (i.e., the height difference on the pressure measuring tube) ΔH = ΔL, and the balance is maintained for about 60 seconds, as shown in Table 3. There is no need to use a fitting curve to calculate, and the relevant data is recorded. The corresponding filtration rate at this time is the permeability coefficient of this filter layer thickness in the current state. The downward flow is affected by the density of the particles' own weight, and the changes in the interface area between laminar flow and turbulent flow are very subtle and difficult to identify, so it is difficult to determine the limiting filtration rate V max .

[0110] Table 3 Determination of downward permeability coefficient of pyrite particle filter material

[0111]

[0112] Application Case 4: Determination and Comprehensive Evaluation of Upward Filtration Performance Factors of Pyrite Granular Filter Media

[0113] This application simulates an upward flow biofilter. The particle sizes of pyrite granular filter media are 0.6-1.0mm, 1.0-2.0mm, 2.0-3.0mm, 3.0-5.0mm and 5.0-8.0mm, and the filter layer thickness ΔL is 60cm. For the reference test of increasing the filter layer thickness of 90cm for the particle filter media with a particle size of 2.0-3.0mm and 3.0-5.0mm, the inlet SS0=60 and the constant filtration rate V h =5m / h, Fig.10 , Fig.11 The head loss H of the sulfide iron granular filter media with particle sizes of 0.6-1.0mm, 1.0-2.0mm, 2.0-3.0mm, 3.0-5.0mm and 5.0-8.0mm in the 60cm and 90cm filter layers respectively t And inlet and outlet water SS0, SS eTable 4 shows the filtration performance factor measurement results and comprehensive evaluation after the system has been running for 30 hours.

[0114] Table 4 Determination and evaluation of upward flow filtration performance factors of pyrite granular filter media

[0115] Particle size ΔH <![CDATA[V h ]]> <![CDATA[H t ]]> T <![CDATA[SS0]]> <![CDATA[SS e ]]> FPI F SC JP (mm) cm m / h cm h mg / L mg / L <![CDATA[(×10 -2 )]]> <![CDATA[(×10 -4 )]]> <![CDATA[(×10 -3 )]]> <![CDATA[(×10 -8 )]]> 0.5-1.0 90 5 10 30 20 3 15 0.89 26 6.154 1.0-2.0 90 5 2.6 30 20 8 58 0.66 71 6.465 2.0-3.0 90 5 1.5 30 20 9 100 0.45 110 4.909 3.0-5.0 90 5 0.8 30 20 13 188 0.36 125 6.400 5.0-8.0 90 5 0.3 30 20 16 500 0.16 195 4.954 2.0-3.0 60 5 1.1 30 20 11 136 0.40 123 3.585 2.0-3.0 30 5 0.9 30 20 12 167 0.37 128 1.930

[0116] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An integrated device for comprehensive evaluation and determination of filtration performance of filter media in a filter tank, comprising a box structure, wherein the box structure comprises a main frame structure (30), a box door (32), a slide rail (35) and a tool cabinet (33), and the box structure is also provided with a water inlet and outlet system, a filtration system, a backwashing system, a pressure difference measuring pipe system and a PLC control system, characterized in that: The water inlet and outlet system comprises a water inlet pump (11), a hose and a drawer-type water tank (17). Two groups of the drawer-type water tank (17) are arranged in the main frame structure (30). The filtration system comprises a transparent filter column (7) and pyrite particles (37), a supporting layer (38) and a filter cap (34) arranged in sequence in the transparent filter column (7). A sealing cover plate (23) is also arranged on the top of the transparent filter column (7). The differential pressure measuring tube system comprises a glass scale tube group. The glass scale tube group is arranged on the door panel (5) of the box door (32). There are multiple groups of glass scale tube groups. The multiple groups of glass scale tube groups are connected to the transparent filter column (7) through metal hoses (6) respectively. The water inlet pump (11) and the transparent filter column (7) and the water inlet pump (11) and the drawer-type water tank (17) are all connected through pipes. A hose (29) is also arranged between one group of pipes and the upper drawer-type water tank (17).

2. The integrated device for comprehensive evaluation and determination of filter performance of filter media in a filter pool according to claim 1, characterized in that: A second valve assembly is also provided on the pipeline where the water inlet pump (11) is located, and the second valve assembly includes a valve A (13), a valve B (19), a valve C (16), a valve D (28), a valve E (27) and a valve F (24); The pipeline where the water inlet pump (11) is located is also provided with a turbidity monitor A (14), a flow meter A (15), a flow meter B (25) and a turbidity monitor B (26).

3. The integrated device for comprehensive evaluation and determination of filter performance of filter media in a filter pool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The metal hose (6) is also provided with a first valve assembly (4), the first valve assembly (4) comprising a valve G, a valve H, a valve I and a valve J, and the valve G, the valve H, the valve I and the valve J are respectively provided on the metal hose (6).

4. The integrated device for comprehensive evaluation and determination of filter performance of filter media in a filter pool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The door panel (5) is also provided with an active buckle (1) for fixing a glass scale tube set, wherein the glass scale tube set comprises a glass scale tube A (3) and a glass scale tube B (22), and the glass scale tube A (3) and the glass scale tube B (22) are spliced ​​together by a sealing rubber sleeve (2).

5. The integrated device for comprehensive evaluation and determination of filter performance of filter media in a filter pool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drawer-type water tank (17) is also provided with a handle (20), and the bottom of the drawer-type water tank (17) is provided with a roller (36) for use with the slide rail (35).

6. The integrated device for comprehensive evaluation and determination of filter performance of filter media in a filter pool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The backwashing system comprises a backwashing air compressor (8) and a backwashing water pump, and the backwashing air compressor (8) and the backwashing water pump are both connected to the transparent filter column and the drawer-type water tank (17) through pipelines.

7. The integrated device for comprehensive evaluation and determination of filter performance of filter media in a filter pool according to claim 6, characterized in that: The pipeline where the backwash air compressor (8) and the backwash water pump are located is also provided with a valve K (12), a valve L (18), a valve M (9) and a valve N (21).

8. A method for comprehensively evaluating and measuring the filtration performance of filter media in a filter pool, using the integrated device for comprehensively evaluating and measuring the filtration performance of filter media in a filter pool as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: During the upward flow test: open valve A (13), valve D (28), and valve F (24), and close the other valves. The water inlet pump (11) pumps water from the raw water tank to the transparent filter column (7). The water flows from bottom to top, passes through the filter material layer, and then flows to the clean water tank through the pipeline where valve F (24) is located. During water backwashing, open valve L (18), valve M (9), valve E (27), and valve A (13), and close the other valves. The backwashing water pump (10) pumps water from the clean water tank to the transparent filter column (7), and performs the water backwashing operation. The waste water after backwashing flows to the raw water tank through the pipeline where valve E (27) and valve A (13) are located. During the downward flow test: open valve B (19), valve C (16), and valve E (27), and close the other valves. The water inlet pump (11) pumps water from the raw water tank to the transparent filter column (7). When the water flows from top to bottom, it passes through the filter material layer and then flows through the pipe where valve C (16) is located to the clean water tank. When backwashing, open valve K. (12), valve M (9), valve E (27), valve A (13), and the other valves are closed, and the backwash water pump (10) pumps water from the clean water tank to the transparent filter column (7) for water backwashing, and the waste water after backwashing flows to the raw water tank through the pipeline where valve E (27) and valve A (13) are located; Air backwashing: Open valve N (21), close other valves, and use the backwash air compressor (8) to flush the transparent filter column (7) with air.

9. The method for comprehensive evaluation of filtration performance of filter media in a filter pool according to claim 8, characterized in that: The method is also used to determine the permeability coefficient K of the downward and upward flow filter layers, the height difference ΔH on the pressure measuring tube, the distance ΔL at the connection of the pressure measuring tube, and the limiting filtration rate V max Conduct measurements, including: Downward flow filter layer permeability coefficient determination process: Step 1.1: After the test begins, water is introduced into the water inlet at the upper end of the transparent filter column (7) by means of a water inlet pump (11), the top cover of the transparent filter column (7) is closed, the bottom water outlet valve is opened, and water flows from the top of the filter material layer to the bottom. The constant flow rate of the inlet water is adjusted in steps so that the pressure drop ΔH at the height of the filter layer remains stable for a period of operation, and the bottom water outlet Q during this period is recorded; Step 1.2: When the height difference ΔH on the glass graduated tube set is equal to the distance ΔL between the glass graduated tube sets, the filtration rate calculated according to Darcy's law is the permeability coefficient; Step 1.3: When the height difference ΔH on the glass graduated tube group is smaller than the spacing ΔL at the connection of the glass graduated tube group, it means that the particle size is large and the filtration rate is too high. The permeability coefficient can be analyzed by fitting the change curve of the pressure drop difference and instantaneous filtration rate more than twice; Steps for determining the permeability coefficient of the upward flow filter layer: Step 2.1: After the test begins, water is introduced into the water inlet at the lower end of the transparent filter column (7) by using the water inlet pump (11), the overflow port on the top cover of the transparent filter column (7) is opened, and water flows from the bottom of the filter material layer to the top. The constant flow rate of the inlet water is adjusted in steps so that the pressure drop ΔH at the height of the filter layer remains stable for a period of operation, and the top water outlet Q during this period is recorded; Step 2.2: When the height difference ΔH on the glass graduated tube set is equal to the distance ΔL between the glass graduated tube sets, the filtration rate calculated according to Darcy's law is the permeability coefficient; Step 2.3: When the height difference ΔH on the glass graduated tube group is smaller than the spacing ΔL at the connection of the glass graduated tube group, it means that the particle size is large and the filtration rate is too high. The permeability coefficient can be analyzed by fitting the change curve of the pressure drop difference and instantaneous filtration rate more than twice; Step 2.4: The filtration rate when the filter material with the smallest particle size on the surface of the filter material begins to fluidize is the limiting filtration rate V max .

10. The method for comprehensive evaluation of filtration performance of filter media in a filter pool according to claim 8, characterized in that: The method is also used to measure the filtration performance factor of the downward and upward flow filter layers, the constant filtration rate V of the influent h , operation time T, head loss at the end of filtration H t , inlet turbidity C0, outlet turbidity C e , Limit head loss H lim 、Limit turbidity C lim And the total thickness of the filter layer L factor is measured; The steps for determining the filtration performance factor of the downward and upward flow filter layers include: setting a constant filtration rate V for the inlet water flow of the device h and the inlet turbidity C0. After the system has been running for a certain period of time T, the final head loss H of filtration is measured. t and effluent turbidity C e , determine the limit head loss H lim 、Limit turbidity C lim ,Based on a comprehensive indicator evaluation system, a comprehensive evaluation of filtration performance is obtained through factor analysis.

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