Constant pressure type compressed air energy storage system and method combined with pumping and storage

Abstract

The invention discloses a constant-pressure type compressed air energy storage system and method combined with pumping and storage, and belongs to the technical field of electric energy physical energy storage systems, and the constant-pressure type energy storage system comprises a pumped storage subsystem, a turbine expansion power generation subsystem, a compressed air energy storage subsystem and a water-gas common-capacity cabin constant-pressure subsystem. By flexibly controlling the operation modes of the subsystems and the on-off states of valves among the subsystems, the system can achieve independent energy storage and power generation operation among the pumped storage subsystem, the air compression subsystem and the turbine expansion subsystem. The design not only improves the flexibility and reliability of the system, but also enables the system to carry out optimal configuration and operation according to actual demands, thereby further improving the energy storage efficiency and economic benefits.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of electric energy physical energy storage systems, and specifically relates to a constant-pressure compressed air energy storage system and method combined with pumped storage. Background Art

[0002] In the field of energy storage and conversion, pumped storage technology and compressed air energy storage technology are two important energy storage methods, each with unique advantages and application scenarios. Pumped storage technology uses the water level difference between reservoirs to pump and release water to achieve the storage and release of electrical energy. It has the characteristics of mature technology, large energy storage scale, and flexible operation. Compressed air energy storage technology stores and converts energy by compressing and releasing high-pressure air. It has the advantages of high energy storage efficiency and few geographical restrictions.

[0003] With the continuous growth of energy demand and the optimization and adjustment of energy structure, how to efficiently and flexibly utilize and store renewable energy has become an urgent problem to be solved. Although the traditional pumped storage system is mature in technology, it is greatly restricted by geographical conditions and has high construction costs. Although the compressed air energy storage system has the characteristics of strong geographical adaptability, during the energy storage and release process, due to the large amount of bottom gas, the utilization rate of air and the comprehensive efficiency of turbines and air compressors are relatively low.

[0004] In order to overcome the limitations of the above technologies, a composite energy storage system combining pumped storage technology with compressed air energy storage technology has emerged in recent years. Patent CN118030473A discloses a constant pressure energy storage system and method combining pumped storage and compressed air energy storage. This type of system achieves complementary advantages of the two energy storage technologies through clever design, improving energy storage efficiency and flexibility. However, during the operation of the energy storage system, the operation of key components such as the pump turbine, air compressor, and water-gas co-containment tank is often interdependent, limiting the system's independent operation capability and flexibility.

[0005] Specifically, the turbine expansion power generation subsystem and air compression subsystem in the prior art are usually tightly coupled with the pumped storage subsystem and work together. When the pump turbine is in power generation mode, the turbine will also work at the same time, and when the pump turbine is in pumping mode, the air compressor will also work at the same time, and energy conversion and storage will be achieved through the water-gas co-containment tank. Although this design has improved the overall efficiency and installed capacity of the system to a certain extent, it also makes the operation of each subsystem mutually restricted, and it is impossible to independently adjust and optimize according to actual needs. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a constant-pressure compressed air energy storage system and method combined with pumped storage, wherein the key components such as the water pump turbine, the water-gas co-containment chamber, the turbine and the air compressor operate independently of each other. By flexibly controlling the operating mode of each subsystem and the valve switching status between each other, the system of the present invention can realize independent energy storage and power generation operations between the pumped storage subsystem, the air compression subsystem and the turbine expansion subsystem. This design not only improves the flexibility and reliability of the system, but also enables the system to be optimally configured and operated according to actual needs, thereby further improving energy storage efficiency and economic benefits.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention is implemented by the following technical solutions:

[0008] A constant pressure compressed air energy storage system combined with pumped storage, comprising a pumped storage subsystem, a turbine expansion subsystem, an air compression subsystem and a water-gas co-containment cabin constant pressure subsystem;

[0009] The water-gas co-containment chamber constant pressure subsystem comprises a water-gas co-containment chamber, the upper layer of which is used to store high-pressure air, and the lower layer of which is used to store water;

[0010] The pumped storage subsystem is connected to the power grid system, and comprises an upper reservoir higher than the water-gas co-containment tank and a lower reservoir lower than the upper reservoir and higher than the water-gas co-containment tank. The pumped storage subsystem is configured such that: when generating electricity, the pumped storage subsystem can generate electricity by using the liquid level difference between the upper reservoir and the lower reservoir; when storing energy, the pumped storage subsystem can use the electric energy of the power grid system to pump the water in the lower reservoir into the upper reservoir;

[0011] The turbine expansion power generation subsystem is connected to the power grid system, and the turbine expansion power generation subsystem is connected to the upper layer of the water-gas co-containment tank. The turbine expansion power generation subsystem is configured such that: when generating electricity, the turbine expansion power generation subsystem is driven by the high-pressure air in the upper layer of the water-gas co-containment tank to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy and transmit it to the power grid system;

[0012] The air compression subsystem is connected to the power grid system, and the air compression subsystem is connected to the upper layer of the water-vapor co-containment tank. The air compression subsystem is configured such that when storing energy, the air compression subsystem can use the electric energy of the power grid system to convert outdoor air into high-pressure air which enters the water-vapor co-containment tank and compresses the water in the water-vapor co-containment tank into the upper reservoir.

[0013] In the above scheme, the constant pressure compressed air energy storage system combined with pumped storage is configured to lead out a branch hole at the lower flat hole of the main water diversion tunnel of the pumped storage power station, which is connected to the closed artificial cavern and the construction branch hole to form a closed constant pressure water-air co-containment chamber system as the compressed air energy storage power station gas storage. The constant pressure compressed air energy storage system combined with pumped storage uses the ultra-high water column pressure formed by the upper reservoir to compress the bottom gas volume of the artificial cavern gas storage reservoir, and then constructs a constant pressure subsystem of the water-gas co-containment chamber, which can greatly reduce the bottom gas volume in the gas storage reservoir. At the same time, when the turbine is discharged to generate electricity and the air compressor is inflated for energy storage, the water-gas co-containment chamber basically maintains a constant pressure state, which can ensure that the turbine and the air compressor are constantly operating in the high-efficiency zone, thereby improving the power generation time and comprehensive utilization efficiency of the compressed air energy storage power station. At the same installed capacity, the volume of the gas storage reservoir can also be greatly reduced. During power generation, the water in the upper reservoir of the pumped-storage subsystem flows to the lower reservoir and the water-gas co-containment tank in the water-gas co-containment tank constant pressure subsystem, and the pump-turbine operates as a turbine. At the same time, the water level in the water-gas co-containment tank rises, and the high-pressure gas generates power through the turbine in the compressed air energy storage subsystem; during energy storage, the water in the lower reservoir of the pumped-storage subsystem and the water pressure in the water-gas co-containment tank in the water-gas co-containment tank constant pressure subsystem are sent to the upper reservoir, and the pump-turbine operates as a pump. The air compressor injects high-pressure air into the water-gas co-containment tank, and the water level in the water-gas co-containment tank drops. The constant-pressure compressed air energy storage system combined with pumped storage can significantly increase the installed capacity of the entire energy storage system under the premise of limited increase in civil engineering costs, and organically combines the pumped-storage power station technology with the compressed air energy storage power station technology. It has a wide range of application scenarios and strong adaptability.

[0014] As a further optimization scheme of the present invention, the upper reservoir is connected to the first pump-turbine through the water diversion main tunnel and the first water diversion branch tunnel, the upper reservoir is connected to the second pump-turbine through the water diversion main tunnel and the second water diversion branch tunnel, and the upper reservoir is connected to the bottom of the water-gas co-containment tank through the water diversion main tunnel and the third water diversion branch tunnel; the first pump-turbine is connected to the lower reservoir through the first tailwater branch tunnel and the tailwater main tunnel, the first pump-turbine and the second pump-turbine are respectively connected to the first generator motor and the second generator motor and are connected to the power grid system through the export bus, transformer and high-voltage cable; a first water inlet ball valve is installed on the first water diversion branch tunnel in front of the first pump-turbine, a second water inlet ball valve is installed on the second water diversion branch tunnel in front of the second pump-turbine, and a third water inlet ball valve is installed on the third water diversion branch tunnel.

[0015] As a further optimization scheme of the present invention, a first liquid level transmitter is installed in the upper reservoir, a second liquid level transmitter is installed in the lower reservoir, and a water hammer elimination tank is installed on the water diversion main tunnel; a first tailwater butterfly valve is installed on the first tailwater branch tunnel behind the first water pump-turbine, and a second tailwater butterfly valve is installed on the second tailwater branch tunnel behind the second water pump-turbine.

[0016] As a further optimization scheme of the present invention, the constant pressure subsystem of the water-vapor co-containment tank also includes a third pressure transmitter, a third temperature transmitter, a safety valve and a spray installed on the upper layer of the water-vapor co-containment tank, and the spray is connected to the water diversion main tunnel through a pressure reducing valve and a water supply pipeline; the third pressure transmitter is used to monitor the air pressure of the upper layer of the water-vapor co-containment tank in real time, the third temperature transmitter is used to monitor the air temperature of the upper layer of the water-vapor co-containment tank in real time, and the safety valve is used to automatically release the pressure after the air pressure of the upper layer of the water-vapor co-containment tank reaches the limit value; a third liquid level transmitter is installed on the lower layer of the water-vapor co-containment tank to monitor the water level of the water-vapor co-containment tank in real time.

[0017] As a further optimization scheme of the present invention, the body of the water-gas co-containment tank includes a steel plate sealing layer and a concrete lining located outside the steel plate sealing layer, a water curtain is formed between the steel plate sealing layer and the concrete lining, the water curtain is connected to the main water diversion tunnel through a ball valve and a water supply pipeline, and a fourth pressure transmitter is arranged above the water curtain for real-time monitoring of the pressure of the water curtain.

[0018] As a further optimization scheme of the present invention, the elevation of the water-gas co-containment tank is substantially the same as the elevations of the first water diversion branch tunnel, the second water diversion branch tunnel, the third water diversion branch tunnel, the first pump-turbine, and the second pump-turbine.

[0019] In the above scheme, the water-gas co-containment tank constant pressure subsystem is located underground, which is transformed and expanded from the construction branch tunnel of the pumped-storage power station. The geological conditions along the water delivery system and plant system of the pumped-storage power station are generally good. At the same time, the upper and lower reservoirs of the pumped-storage power station have a certain storage margin. For this reason, the water-gas co-containment tank constant pressure subsystem has inherent advantages in combination with the pumped-storage power station. In addition, the constructed constant pressure water-gas co-containment tank system combined with the pumped-storage power station can significantly increase the installed capacity of the entire energy storage power station under the premise of limited increase in civil engineering costs, and organically combine the pumped-storage power station technology with the compressed air energy storage power station technology. It has a wide range of application scenarios and strong adaptability.

[0020] As a further optimization scheme of the present invention, the turbine expansion power generation subsystem includes a first heat exchanger, a turbine and a gas storage tank connected in sequence, and the gas storage tank is used to provide a constant gas source for the low-pressure gas users of the power station; the first heat exchanger is connected to the heat storage tank through a first heat medium transmission pipeline, and the heat storage tank is used to store the heat generated by the air compression subsystem during energy storage; the turbine is also connected to a third generator motor, and the third generator motor is connected to the power grid system through an export bus, a transformer, and a high-voltage cable. When generating electricity, the turbine expands and performs work, and the third generator motor rotates clockwise.

[0021] As a further optimization scheme of the present invention, one end of the first heat exchanger is connected to the upper layer of the water-gas co-containment tank through the second gas pipeline and the first gas pipeline, and a first pressure transmitter and a first temperature transmitter are installed on the second gas pipeline between the other end of the first heat exchanger and the turbine; a first gas pipeline ball valve is installed on the second gas pipeline between the first heat exchanger and the water-gas co-containment tank, and a third gas pipeline ball valve is installed on the second gas pipeline between the turbine and the gas storage tank.

[0022] As a further optimization scheme of the present invention, the air compression subsystem includes a second heat exchanger, an air compressor and an air filter connected in sequence. The second heat exchanger is connected to the heat storage tank through a second heat medium delivery pipeline. The air compressor can also be used to provide an air source for the medium-pressure gas users of the power station. The air compressor is also connected to a third generator motor. When storing energy, the air compressor compresses air and the third generator motor rotates counterclockwise.

[0023] As a further optimization scheme of the present invention, one end of the second heat exchanger is connected to the upper layer of the water-gas co-containment tank through a third gas pipeline and a first gas pipeline, a second pressure transmitter and a second temperature transmitter are installed on the third gas pipeline between the other end of the second heat exchanger and the air compressor, and a second gas pipeline ball valve is installed on the third gas pipeline between the second heat exchanger and the water-gas co-containment tank.

[0024] A control method for a constant pressure compressed air energy storage system combined with pumped storage comprises the following steps:

[0025] Before starting to store energy, close the first water inlet ball valve, the second water inlet ball valve, the first gas pipeline ball valve, the second gas pipeline ball valve, and the third gas pipeline ball valve, open the third water inlet ball valve and the ball valve, fill the water-gas co-containment chamber and the water curtain with water, and at the same time open the second gas pipeline ball valve, the air compressor starts working, and the outdoor gas filtered by the air filter is compressed into high-pressure air by the air compressor and injected into the water-gas co-containment chamber, so that the gas pressure inside the water-gas co-containment chamber is equal to the pressure formed by the height difference between the upper reservoir and the water-gas co-containment chamber. At this time, the initial constant pressure system of the water-gas co-containment chamber is completed, the air compressor stops working, and the ball valve and the second gas pipeline ball valve are closed.

[0026] When the power generation of renewable energy decreases sharply or the power load increases, resulting in insufficient power in the power grid system, it is necessary to operate in power generation mode. According to actual needs, any of the following three methods can be adopted:

[0027] The first method is that the pumped storage subsystem generates electricity independently: the third water inlet ball valve is closed, the first water inlet ball valve and the second water inlet ball valve are opened, the water from the upper reservoir flows to the lower reservoir, the first pump-turbine and the second pump-turbine operate in power generation mode, the potential energy of the upper reservoir is converted into mechanical energy, and then converted into electrical energy through the first generator motor and the second generator motor and transmitted to the power grid system through the transformer. At this time, the turbine, air compressor and water-gas common containment tank do not work; when the upper reservoir drops to the dead water level or the lower reservoir rises to the normal water level or the power system does not need to operate in power generation mode, the system stops generating electricity;

[0028] The second method is that the turbine expansion subsystem generates electricity independently: the first water inlet ball valve, the second water inlet ball valve and the second gas pipeline ball valve are closed, and the third water inlet ball valve and the first gas pipeline ball valve are opened. The water from the upper reservoir flows to the water-gas common containment tank, and the high-pressure air at the upper end of the water-gas common containment tank drives the turbine to work. The mechanical energy generated by the rotation of the turbine is converted into electrical energy through the third generator motor and transmitted to the power grid system via the transformer; at this time, the first pump-turbine, the second pump-turbine and the air compressor do not work; when the upper reservoir is reduced to the dead water level or the water level in the water-gas common containment tank rises to the highest operating water level or the power system does not need to operate in the power generation mode, the system stops generating electricity;

[0029] The third mode is that the pumped storage subsystem and the turbine expansion subsystem generate electricity simultaneously: close the second gas pipeline ball valve, open the first water inlet ball valve, the second water inlet ball valve and the third water inlet ball valve, and the first pump-turbine and the second pump-turbine operate in power generation mode to convert the potential energy of the upper reservoir into mechanical energy, and convert it into electrical energy through the first generator motor and the second generator motor and transmit it to the power grid system via the transformer; while the water from the upper reservoir flows to the lower reservoir, the water-gas common containment tank and the turbine work, the water from the upper reservoir flows to the water-gas common containment tank, and the high-pressure air at the upper end of the water-gas common containment tank drives the turbine to work, and the mechanical energy generated by the rotation of the turbine is converted into electrical energy through the third generator motor and transmitted to the power grid system via the transformer; when the upper reservoir is reduced to the dead water level or the lower reservoir rises to the normal water storage level or the water level in the water-gas common containment tank rises to the highest operating water level or the power system does not need to operate in power generation mode, the system stops generating electricity;

[0030] When the power generation of renewable energy increases sharply or the power load decreases, resulting in a surplus of power in the power grid system, it is necessary to operate in energy storage mode. According to actual needs, any of the following three methods can be used:

[0031] The first method is that the pumped storage subsystem stores energy independently: the third water inlet ball valve is closed, the first water inlet ball valve and the second water inlet ball valve are opened, the first pump-turbine and the second pump-turbine operate in pumping mode, the power grid system transmits electrical energy to the first generator motor and the second generator motor via the transformer to convert it into mechanical energy, and then converts it into water potential energy through the first pump-turbine and the second pump-turbine, and pumps the water of the lower reservoir into the upper reservoir. At this time, the turbine, air compressor and water-gas common containment tank do not work; when the lower reservoir is reduced to the dead water level or the upper reservoir rises to the normal water storage level or the power system does not need to operate in the energy storage mode, the system stops storing energy;

[0032] The second method is that the air compression subsystem stores energy independently: the first water inlet ball valve, the second water inlet ball valve, the first gas pipeline ball valve and the third gas pipeline ball valve are closed, and the third water inlet ball valve and the second gas pipeline ball valve are opened. The power grid system transmits electric energy to the air compressor via the transformer, and the air compressor starts to convert the outdoor air filtered by the air filter into high-pressure gaseous air and press it into the water-gas common containment tank. The water level in the water-gas common containment tank gradually decreases, and the water flows into the water diversion main tunnel through the third water diversion branch tunnel and then into the upper reservoir. When the air compressor and the water-gas common containment tank are working, the water pressure in the water-gas common containment tank is sent to the upper reservoir, and the first water pump turbine and the second water pump turbine are not working at this time. When the water level in the water-gas common containment tank drops to the minimum operating water level or the upper reservoir rises to the normal water storage level or the power system does not need to operate in the energy storage mode, the system stops storing energy.

[0033] The third method is to store energy in the pumped storage subsystem and the air compression subsystem at the same time: close the first gas pipeline ball valve and the third gas pipeline ball valve, open the second gas pipeline ball valve, the first water inlet ball valve, the second water inlet ball valve and the third water inlet ball valve, and the power grid system transmits electric energy to the air compressor via the transformer. The air compressor starts and converts the outdoor air filtered by the air filter into high-pressure gaseous air and presses it into the water-gas co-containment tank. The water level in the water-gas co-containment tank gradually decreases, and the water flows into the water diversion main tunnel through the third water diversion branch tunnel. and flows into the upper reservoir; at the same time, the first pump-turbine and the second pump-turbine operate in pumping conditions, and the power grid system transmits electrical energy to the first generator motor and the second generator motor via the transformer to convert it into mechanical energy, and converts it into water potential energy through the first pump-turbine and the second pump-turbine to pump the water in the lower reservoir into the upper reservoir; when the water level in the water-gas common containment tank drops to the minimum operating water level or the lower reservoir is lowered to the dead water level or the upper reservoir rises to the normal water storage level or the power system does not need to operate in energy storage mode, the system stops storing energy.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following significant advantages:

[0035] (1) Compared with the compressed air energy storage technology in the related art, the present invention effectively combines the pumped storage technology and the compressed air energy storage technology, and transforms the branch tunnel of the pumped storage power station into a constant pressure water-gas co-containment tank. The liquid level difference between the upper reservoir and the bottom of the water-gas co-containment tank forms a constant pressure, which can greatly reduce the bottom gas volume and pressure fluctuation in the air storage reservoir of the traditional compressed air energy storage device, thereby greatly improving the working efficiency of the air compressor and turbine, further improving the utilization rate of compressed air and the overall efficiency of the system, and at the same time can reduce the volume of the air storage reservoir of the traditional compressed air energy storage device and reduce construction investment.

[0036] (2) The present invention ingeniously combines the compressibility of air and the incompressibility of water, greatly improving the efficiency of air compression and air expansion. At the same time, the combination of pumped storage technology and compressed air energy storage technology can significantly increase the installed capacity of the entire energy storage power station while limiting the increase in civil engineering costs. It can better play the role of peak regulation, valley filling, and phase regulation. It has a wide range of application scenarios and strong adaptability.

[0037] (3) The present invention ingeniously replaces the surge tank with a water hammer elimination tank and the tailwater butterfly valve with a tailwater emergency gate; at the same time, the air storage tank in the turbine expansion power generation subsystem is used to provide a constant air source for low-pressure gas users such as braking and purging in the power station; the air compressor in the air compression subsystem can also be used to provide an air source for medium-pressure gas users such as phase adjustment and oil pressure devices in the power station, thereby saving a lot of equipment investment and construction costs.

[0038] (4) Compared with the water curtain sealing technology in the related art that requires water pump pressurization, the present invention cleverly draws water from the main water diversion tunnel to form a water curtain that can be sustainably maintained with the pressure basically consistent with the water vapor co-containment chamber. There is no need to set up a separate water pump pressurization system. The water curtain and the steel plate sealing layer form a double sealing structure to prevent the upper high-pressure air in the water vapor co-containment chamber from leaking to the surroundings, which can achieve a good sealing effect. At the same time, water for spraying is also drawn from the main water diversion tunnel, and there is no need to set up a separate water pump pressurization system, thereby saving equipment investment. In addition, the water vapor pressure in the water vapor co-containment chamber is basically consistent with the water curtain pressure, and the steel plate sealing layer on the outer wall of the water vapor co-containment chamber has a small pressure resistance, which can greatly reduce the required steel plate sealing layer thickness. At the same time, the system has good safety and stability.

[0039] (5) In view of the problem that the turbine expansion power generation subsystem / air compression subsystem and the pumped storage subsystem in the prior art work together, the operation of each subsystem is mutually restricted and cannot be independently adjusted and optimized according to actual needs. The system design of the present invention allows the pumped storage subsystem, the air compression subsystem and the turbine expansion subsystem to operate independently or in combination, providing a variety of energy storage and power generation mode options. This flexibility enables the system to be optimized and adjusted according to the actual needs of the power grid and the fluctuations of renewable energy, thereby improving the response speed and adaptability of the system. Since the system can flexibly select the energy storage and power generation mode according to actual conditions, and the operation of each subsystem is independent of each other, it can maximize the use of renewable energy and reduce energy waste. The system design of the present invention has good scalability and adaptability, and can be flexibly adjusted and optimized according to factors such as the scale of the power grid, the distribution of renewable energy and user needs. This design enables the system to better adapt to changes and needs in the future energy market.

[0040] (6) In the prior art, the water-gas co-containment tank is generally used as the lower reservoir. Considering that the pump-turbine needs to be buried at a greater depth, the elevation of the water-gas co-containment tank is higher than that of the pump-turbine. In this way, the elevation difference between the upper reservoir and the water-gas co-containment tank will be reduced, and the energy storage / power generation will be reduced. In this regard, the present application adopts a design method in which the elevation of the water-gas co-containment tank is basically the same as the elevation of the water diversion branch tunnel and the pump-turbine, and is lower than the elevation of the lower reservoir. In this way, the water-gas co-containment tank no longer serves as the lower reservoir, and the elevation difference between the upper reservoir and the water-gas co-containment tank can be increased, thereby increasing the energy storage / power generation.

[0041] (7) In the present invention, the air compressor and the turbine share the third generator motor, and this design can save equipment investment and plant floor space. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the constant pressure compressed air energy storage system combined with pumped storage of the present invention.

[0043] In the figure: 1, upper reservoir; 2, water diversion main tunnel; 3, water hammer elimination tank; 4a, first water diversion branch tunnel; 4b, second water diversion branch tunnel; 4c, third water diversion branch tunnel; 5a, first water inlet ball valve; 5b, second water inlet ball valve; 5c, third water inlet ball valve; 6a, first pump-turbine; 6b, second pump-turbine; 7a, first tailwater branch tunnel; 7b, second tailwater branch tunnel; 8, tailwater main tunnel; 9, lower reservoir; 10, water and gas co-containment tank; 11a, first gas pipeline; 11b, second gas pipeline; 11c, third gas pipeline; 12a, first gas pipeline ball valve; 12b, second gas pipeline ball valve; 12c, third gas pipeline ball valve; 13a, first heat exchanger; 13b, second heat exchanger; 14a, first heat medium delivery pipeline; 14b, second heat medium delivery pipeline; 1 5. Heat storage tank; 16. Turbine; 17. Air compressor; 18. Third generator motor; 19. Air filter; 20. Air storage tank; 21a. First generator motor; 21b. Second generator motor; 22a. First tailwater butterfly valve; 22b. Second tailwater butterfly valve; 23a. First temperature transmitter; 23b. Second temperature transmitter; 23c. Third temperature transmitter; 24. Safety valve; 25a. First pressure transmitter; 25b. Second pressure transmitter; 25c. Third pressure transmitter; 25d. Fourth pressure transmitter; 26. Sprayer; 27. Pressure reducing valve; 28. Ball valve; 29. ​​Water pipeline; 30a. First level transmitter; 30b. Second level transmitter; 30c. Third level transmitter; 31. Water curtain; 32. Concrete lining; 33. Steel plate sealing layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the preferred implementation scheme of the present invention is described below in conjunction with specific embodiments. However, it should be understood that the drawings are only used for exemplary description and cannot be understood as a limitation on this patent. In order to better illustrate this embodiment, some parts of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of the actual product. For those skilled in the art, the omission of some well-known structures and their descriptions in the drawings is understandable. The positional relationship described in the drawings is only used for exemplary description and cannot be understood as a limitation on this patent.

[0045] like Figure 1As shown, a constant pressure compressed air energy storage system combined with pumped storage in this embodiment mainly includes the above reservoir 1, the main water diversion tunnel 2, the water hammer elimination tank 3, the first water diversion branch tunnel 4a, the second water diversion branch tunnel 4b, the first water inlet ball valve 5a, the second water inlet ball valve 5b, the first pump turbine 6a, the second pump turbine 6b, the first tailwater branch tunnel 7a, the second tailwater branch tunnel 7b, the tailwater main tunnel 8, the lower reservoir 9, the first tailwater butterfly valve 22a, the second tailwater butterfly valve 22b, the first generator motor 21a, the second generator motor 21b, the first liquid level transmitter 30a, and the second liquid level transmitter 30b as the representative pumped storage subsystem; the third water diversion branch tunnel 4c, the third water inlet ball valve 5c, the water and gas co-containment tank 10 , the first gas pipeline 11a, the third temperature transmitter 23c, the safety valve 24, the third pressure transmitter 25c, the fourth pressure transmitter 25d, the spray 26, the pressure reducing valve 27, the ball valve 28, the water pipeline 29, the third liquid level transmitter 30c, the water curtain 31, the concrete lining 32, and the steel plate sealing layer 33 as the representative water-gas co-containment tank constant pressure subsystem; the second gas pipeline 11b, the first gas pipeline ball valve 12a, the third gas pipeline ball valve 12c, the first heat exchanger 13a, the first heat medium transport pipeline 14a, the heat storage tank 15, the turbine 16, the third generator motor 18, the gas storage tank 20, the first temperature transmitter 23a, and the first pressure transmitter 25a as the representative turbine expansion subsystem. A compressed air energy storage subsystem represented by the third gas pipeline 11c, the second gas pipeline ball valve 12b, the second heat exchanger 13b, the second heat medium delivery pipeline 14b, the heat storage tank 15, the air compressor 17, the third generator motor 18, the second temperature transmitter 23b, and the second pressure transmitter 25b.

[0046] In the pumped storage subsystem, taking the common one-hole two-machine type as an example, the upper reservoir 1 is equipped with a first liquid level transmitter 30a, the lower reservoir is equipped with a second liquid level transmitter 30b, the upper reservoir 1 is connected to the first pump-turbine 6a through the water diversion main hole 2 and the first water diversion branch hole 4a, the upper reservoir 1 is connected to the second pump-turbine 6b through the water diversion main hole 2 and the second water diversion branch hole 4b, the water hammer elimination tank 3 is installed on the water diversion main hole 2, the first pump-turbine 6a is connected to the lower reservoir 9 through the first tailwater branch hole 7a and the tailwater main hole 8. The first tailwater butterfly valve 22a is installed on the first tailwater branch hole 7a behind the first pump-turbine 6a, and the second tailwater butterfly valve 22b is installed on the second tailwater branch hole 7b behind the second pump-turbine 6b. A first water inlet ball valve 5a is installed on the first water diversion branch hole 4a in front of the first pump-turbine 6a, and a second water inlet ball valve 5b is installed on the second water diversion branch hole 4b in front of the second pump-turbine 6b. The first pump-turbine 6a and the second pump-turbine 6b are respectively connected to the first generator motor 21a and the second generator motor 21b and are connected to the power grid system through the export bus, transformer, and high-voltage cable. The water hammer elimination tank 3 can replace the traditional pumped storage power station surge tank, and the first tailwater butterfly valve 22a and the second tailwater butterfly valve 22b can replace the traditional pumped storage power station tailwater accident gate to play the role of flow regulation and pressure regulation and accident protection.

[0047] The constant pressure subsystem of the water-gas co-containment tank is located underground. As a high-pressure gas storage reservoir of the compressed air energy storage subsystem, it is transformed and expanded from the construction branch tunnel of the pumped storage power station. The geological conditions along the water transmission system and plant system of the pumped storage power station are generally good. At the same time, the upper and lower reservoirs of the pumped storage power station have a certain storage capacity margin. Therefore, the constant pressure subsystem of the water-gas co-containment tank combined with the pumped storage power station has inherent advantages.

[0048] The lower layer of the water-gas co-containment tank 10 in the water-gas co-containment tank constant pressure subsystem is connected to the water diversion main tunnel 2 of the pumped storage subsystem through the third water diversion branch tunnel 4c, and the third water inlet ball valve 5c is installed on the third water diversion branch tunnel 4c. The lower layer of the water-gas co-containment tank 10 is installed with a third liquid level transmitter 30c for real-time monitoring of the water level of the water-gas co-containment tank 10. The water-gas co-containment tank constant pressure subsystem also includes a third pressure transmitter 25c, a third temperature transmitter 23c, a safety valve 4 and a spray 26 installed on the upper layer of the water-gas co-containment tank. The spray 26 is connected to the water diversion main tunnel 2 through a pressure reducing valve 27 and a water delivery pipeline 29. When the air compressor 17 is working to deliver compressed gas to the water-gas co-containment tank 10, if the third temperature transmitter 23c detects that the temperature of the upper layer of the water-gas co-containment tank 10 is too high, the pressure reducing valve 27 is opened and the water-gas co-containment tank 10 is cooled by the spray 26. The third pressure transmitter 25c is used to monitor the air pressure in the upper layer of the water vapor co-containment chamber 10 in real time; the third temperature transmitter 23c is used to monitor the air temperature in the upper layer of the water vapor co-containment chamber 10 in real time; the safety valve 24 is used to automatically release the pressure when the air pressure in the upper layer of the water vapor co-containment chamber 10 reaches the limit value, so as to ensure the safety of the water vapor co-containment chamber 10.

[0049] The body of the water-gas co-containment tank 10 includes a steel plate sealing layer 33 and a concrete lining 32 located outside the steel plate sealing layer 33. There is a cavity between the steel plate sealing layer 33 and the concrete lining 32. The high-pressure water of the water pipe 29 is used to form a high-pressure water curtain 31 to prevent the high-pressure air in the water-gas co-containment tank 10 from leaking to the surroundings, which has a good sealing effect. The water curtain 31 is connected to the water diversion main tunnel 2 through the ball valve 28 and the water pipe 29, and is filled with water together with the water diversion main tunnel 2. When the water curtain 31 needs to be replenished with water, the ball valve 28 is opened for replenishment. A fourth pressure transmitter 25d is provided above the water curtain 31 for real-time monitoring of the pressure of the water curtain 31.

[0050] The pressure generated by the liquid level difference between the upper reservoir 1 and the bottom of the water-gas co-containment tank 10 is used to achieve a constant pressure in the water-gas co-containment tank 10, and the pressure generated by the liquid level difference between the upper reservoir 1 and the water curtain 31 is used to achieve a constant pressure in the water curtain 31. The pressure of the water curtain 31 and the water vapor pressure in the water-gas co-containment tank 10 are basically balanced. The environmental pressure of the water-gas co-containment tank 10 can be regarded as constant. During the process of filling the water-gas co-containment tank 10 with water, exhausting, filling and draining, the pressure of the water-gas co-containment tank 10 can still be regarded as constant. The constant pressure water-gas co-containment tank 10 constructed for this purpose can greatly reduce the amount of bottom gas in the gas storage reservoir of the traditional air energy storage device, and the turbine 16 and the air compressor 17 can work in the high-pressure and high-efficiency zone for a long time, thereby improving the comprehensive utilization efficiency of the air compression subsystem and the turbine expansion power generation subsystem. In addition, in the power generation and energy storage working modes, the gas can approximately achieve isothermal expansion / compression, and the temperature change is much smaller than the traditional compressed air energy storage solution, so the energy conversion efficiency is relatively high. At the same time, based on the fact that the water pressure in the water curtain 31 and the water-gas co-containment tank 10 is basically the same, the outer wall steel plate sealing layer 33 of the water-gas co-containment tank 10 has a small pressure, which can greatly reduce the required thickness of the steel plate sealing layer, and the system has good safety and stability. Among them, the water-gas co-containment tank and the first pump-turbine 6a and the second pump-turbine 6b are at the same height, the lower reservoir 9 is lower than the upper reservoir 1 and higher than the water-gas co-containment tank 10, and the lower reservoir 9 is generally about 60m to 80m higher than the water-gas co-containment tank 10.

[0051] In the turbine expansion power generation subsystem, the first heat exchanger 13a, the first gas pipeline ball valve 12a, the first pressure transmitter 25a, and the first temperature transmitter 23a are installed on the second gas pipeline 11b between the turbine 16 and the water-gas co-containment chamber 10, and the third gas pipeline ball valve 12c is installed on the second gas pipeline 11b between the turbine 16 and the gas storage tank 20. The gas storage tank 20 is used to provide a constant gas source to the low-pressure gas users of the power station.

[0052] In the compressed air energy storage subsystem, an air filter 19 is arranged in front of the air compressor 17, and the second heat exchanger 13b, the second gas pipeline ball valve 12b, the second pressure transmitter 25b, and the second temperature transmitter 23b are installed on the third gas pipeline 11c between the air compressor 17 and the water-gas co-containment chamber 10. The air compressor 17 can also be used to provide gas source to the medium-pressure gas users of the power station.

[0053] The heat storage tank 15 is connected to the first heat exchanger 13a through the first heat medium delivery pipeline 14a, and is connected to the second heat exchanger 13b through the second heat medium delivery pipeline 14b. When storing energy, the heat storage tank 15 stores the heat generated by the air compressor 17 in the air compression subsystem; when generating electricity, the heat stored in the heat storage tank 15 is transferred to the high-pressure gas entering the turbine 16, so that when the turbine 16 is working, there is no need to use external energy to heat the air, thereby achieving a non-supplementary combustion effect.

[0054] The turbine 16 and the air compressor 17 share the third generator motor 18. When generating electricity, the turbine 16 expands and does work, and the third generator motor 18 rotates clockwise; when storing energy, the air compressor 17 compresses air, and the third generator motor 18 rotates counterclockwise. The third generator motor is connected to the power grid system through the export bus, transformer, and high-voltage cable.

[0055] The energy storage mechanism of the present invention is different from the traditional compressed air energy storage mechanism and pumped storage mechanism. In the system of the present invention, before starting to store energy, the first gas pipeline ball valve 12a, the second gas pipeline ball valve 12b, and the third gas pipeline ball valve 12c are closed, and the third water inlet ball valve 5c and the ball valve 28 are opened to fill the water-gas co-containment chamber 10 and the water curtain 31 with water. At the same time, the second gas pipeline ball valve 12b is opened, and the air compressor 17 starts to work. The outdoor gas filtered by the air filter 19 is compressed into high-pressure air by the air compressor 17 and injected into the water-gas co-containment chamber 10, so that the internal gas pressure of the water-gas co-containment chamber 10 is equal to the pressure formed by the height difference between the upper reservoir and the water-gas co-containment chamber. At this time, the initial constant pressure system of the water-gas co-containment chamber 10 is completed, the air compressor 17 stops working, and the ball valve 28 and the second gas pipeline ball valve 12b are closed.

[0056] When the amount of renewable energy power generation decreases sharply or the power load increases, resulting in insufficient power in the power grid system, the present invention needs to operate in a power generation mode. According to actual needs, any of the following three modes can be adopted:

[0057] When the power grid system requires more electric energy or when the turbine expansion subsystem and the water-gas co-containment tank constant pressure subsystem are under maintenance, the first method is adopted, and the pumped storage subsystem generates electricity independently: the third water inlet ball valve 5c is closed, the first water inlet ball valve 5a and the second water inlet ball valve 5b are opened, and the water of the upper reservoir 1 flows to the lower reservoir 9. The first pump-turbine 6a and the second pump-turbine 6b operate in power generation mode, converting the potential energy of the upper reservoir 1 into mechanical energy, and converting it into electric energy through the first generator motor 21a and the second generator motor 21b and transmitting it to the power grid system through the transformer. At this time, the turbine 16, the air compressor 17 and the water-gas co-containment tank 10 do not work; when the upper reservoir 1 is reduced to the dead water level or the lower reservoir 9 is raised to the normal water storage level or the power system does not need to operate in the power generation mode, the system stops generating electricity;

[0058] When the power grid system requires less electricity, considering that the pumped storage unit has potential safety hazards such as vibration and obvious hydraulic pulsation when operating at a very low output under power generation conditions, or when the tailwater main tunnel 8 of the pumped storage subsystem is under maintenance, the second method is adopted, and the turbine expansion subsystem generates electricity independently: the first water inlet ball valve 5a, the second water inlet ball valve 5b and the second gas pipeline ball valve 12b are closed, and the third water inlet ball valve 5c and the first gas pipeline ball valve 12a are opened, and the water of the upper reservoir 1 flows to the water-gas common containment tank 10, and the high-pressure air at the upper end of the water-gas common containment tank 10 drives the turbine 16 to work, and the mechanical energy generated by the rotation of the turbine 16 is converted into electrical energy through the third generator motor 18 and transmitted to the power grid system via the transformer; at this time, the first pump-turbine 6a, the second pump-turbine 6b and the air compressor 17 do not work; when the upper reservoir 1 is reduced to the dead water level or the water level of the water-gas common containment tank 10 rises to the highest operating water level or the power system does not need to operate in the power generation mode, the system stops generating electricity;

[0059] When there is a large power gap in the power grid system and more units are needed for power generation, the third method is adopted, in which the pumped storage subsystem and the turbine expansion subsystem generate electricity at the same time: the second gas pipeline ball valve 12b is closed, the first water inlet ball valve 5a, the second water inlet ball valve 5b and the third water inlet ball valve 5c are opened, and the first pump-turbine 6a and the second pump-turbine 6b are operated in power generation mode to convert the potential energy of the upper reservoir 1 into mechanical energy, which is converted into electrical energy through the first generator motor 21a and the second generator motor 21b and transmitted to the power grid system via the transformer; while the water from the upper reservoir 1 flows to the lower reservoir 9, the water-gas co-containment tank 10 and the turbine 16 work, and the upper reservoir 1 The water in the reservoir 1 flows to the water-gas common containment tank 10, and the high-pressure air at the upper end of the water-gas common containment tank 10 drives the turbine 16 to do work. The mechanical energy generated by the rotation of the turbine 16 is converted into electrical energy by the third generator motor 18 and transmitted to the power grid system via the transformer; when the upper reservoir 1 is lowered to the dead water level or the lower reservoir 9 is raised to the normal water storage level or the water level of the water-gas common containment tank 10 is raised to the highest operating water level or the power system does not need to operate in the power generation mode, the system stops generating electricity, the first pump-turbine 6a, the second pump-turbine 6b and the turbine 16 stop working, and the first water inlet ball valve 5a, the second water inlet ball valve 5b, the first gas pipeline ball valve 12a and the third gas pipeline ball valve 12c are closed.

[0060] When the amount of renewable energy power generation increases sharply or the power load decreases, resulting in abundant power in the power grid system, the present invention needs to operate in an energy storage mode. According to actual needs, any of the following three modes can be adopted:

[0061] When the power grid system has a lot of surplus electric energy or when the air compression subsystem and the water-gas co-containment tank constant pressure subsystem are under maintenance, the first method is adopted, and the pumped storage subsystem stores energy independently: the third water inlet ball valve 5c is closed, the first water inlet ball valve 5a and the second water inlet ball valve 5b are opened, and the first pump-turbine 6a and the second pump-turbine 6b operate in pumping conditions. The power grid system transmits electric energy to the first generator motor 21a and the second generator motor 21b through the transformer to convert it into mechanical energy, and converts it into water potential energy through the first pump-turbine 6a and the second pump-turbine 6b, and pumps the water of the lower reservoir 9 into the upper reservoir 1. At this time, the turbine 16, the air compressor 17 and the water-gas co-containment tank 10 do not work; when the lower reservoir 9 is reduced to the dead water level or the upper reservoir 1 is raised to the normal water storage level or the power system does not need to operate in the energy storage mode, the system stops storing energy;

[0062] When the grid system has less surplus power, considering that it is difficult to adjust the flow rate when the pumped storage unit is operating in pumping mode, and it is impossible to operate with low power pumping, or when the tailwater main tunnel 8 of the pumped storage subsystem is under maintenance, the second method is adopted, and the air compression subsystem stores energy independently: close the first water inlet ball valve 5a, the second water inlet ball valve 5b, the first gas pipeline ball valve 12a and the third gas pipeline ball valve 12c, open the third water inlet ball valve 5c and the second gas pipeline ball valve 12b, and the grid system transmits power to the air compressor 17 via the transformer, and the air compressor 17 starts to The outdoor air filtered by the air filter 19 is converted into high-pressure gaseous air and pressed into the water-gas co-containment tank 10. The water level of the water-gas co-containment tank 10 gradually decreases, and the water flows into the water diversion main tunnel 2 through the third water diversion branch tunnel 4c, and then flows into the upper reservoir 1; when the air compressor 17 and the water-gas co-containment tank 10 are working, the water pressure of the water-gas co-containment tank 10 is sent to the upper reservoir, and at this time, the first pump-turbine 6a and the second pump-turbine 6b do not work; when the water level of the water-gas co-containment tank 10 drops to the minimum operating water level or the upper reservoir 1 rises to the normal water storage level or the power system does not need to operate in the energy storage mode, the system stops storing energy;

[0063] When the power grid system has a lot of electricity and needs more units for energy storage, the third method is adopted, and the pumped storage subsystem and the air compression subsystem store energy at the same time: close the first gas pipeline ball valve 12a and the third gas pipeline ball valve 12c, open the second gas pipeline ball valve 12b, the first water inlet ball valve 5a, the second water inlet ball valve 5b and the third water inlet ball valve 5c, and the power grid system transmits electricity to the air compressor 17 via the transformer. The air compressor 17 starts and converts the outdoor air filtered by the air filter 19 into high-pressure gaseous air and presses it into the water-gas co-containment chamber 10. The water level of the water-gas co-containment chamber 10 gradually decreases, and the water flows into the water diversion main tunnel 2 through the third water diversion branch tunnel 4c and then into the upper reservoir 1; at the same time, the first water pump The turbine 6a and the second pump-turbine 6b operate in pumping mode, and the power grid system transmits electrical energy to the first generator motor 21a and the second generator motor 21b via the transformer, which is converted into mechanical energy, and then converted into water potential energy through the first pump-turbine 6a and the second pump-turbine 6b, so as to pump the water in the lower reservoir 9 into the upper reservoir 1; when the water level in the water-gas co-containment tank 10 drops to the lowest operating water level or the lower reservoir 9 is lowered to the dead water level or the upper reservoir 1 rises to the normal water storage level or the power system does not need to operate in energy storage mode, the system stops storing energy, the first pump-turbine 6a, the second pump-turbine 6b and the air compressor 17 stop working, and the second gas pipeline ball valve 12b and the first water inlet ball valve 5a and the second water inlet ball valve 5b are closed.

[0064] According to the description and drawings of the present invention, those skilled in the art can easily manufacture or use a constant-pressure compressed air energy storage system and method combined with pumped storage of the present invention, and can produce the positive effects described in the present invention.

[0065] Unless otherwise specified, in the present invention, the terms "length", "width", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like indicating orientation or positional relationships are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings, which are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation. Therefore, the terms describing the orientation or positional relationship in the present invention are only used for illustrative purposes and cannot be understood as limitations on this patent. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms can be understood in conjunction with the drawings and according to specific circumstances.

[0066] Unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, in the present invention, the terms "disposed", "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0067] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention in any form. Any simple modification or equivalent change made to the above embodiment based on the technical essence of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A constant pressure compressed air energy storage system combined with pumped storage, characterized in that: It includes pumped storage subsystem, turbine expansion subsystem, air compression subsystem and water-gas co-containment tank constant pressure subsystem; The water-gas co-containment chamber constant pressure subsystem comprises a water-gas co-containment chamber (10), wherein the upper layer of the water-gas co-containment chamber (10) is used to store high-pressure air, and the lower layer thereof is used to store water; The pumped storage subsystem is connected to a power grid system, and comprises an upper reservoir (1) higher than the water-gas co-containment chamber (10) and a lower reservoir (9) lower than the upper reservoir (1) and higher than the water-gas co-containment chamber (10). The pumped storage subsystem is configured such that: when generating electricity, the pumped storage subsystem can generate electricity by using the liquid level difference between the upper reservoir (1) and the lower reservoir (9); when storing energy, the pumped storage subsystem can use the electric energy of the power grid system to pump water in the lower reservoir (9) into the upper reservoir (1); The turbine expansion power generation subsystem is connected to the power grid system, and the turbine expansion power generation subsystem is connected to the upper layer of the water-gas co-containment chamber (10). The turbine expansion power generation subsystem is configured such that: when generating electricity, the turbine expansion power generation subsystem is driven by the high-pressure air in the upper layer of the water-gas co-containment chamber (10) to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy and transmit it to the power grid system; The air compression subsystem is connected to the power grid system, and the air compression subsystem is connected to the upper layer of the water-gas co-containment chamber (10). The air compression subsystem is configured such that, during energy storage, the air compression subsystem can utilize the electric energy of the power grid system to convert outdoor air into high-pressure air that enters the water-gas co-containment chamber (10) and compresses water into the upper reservoir (1).

2. The constant pressure compressed air energy storage system combined with pumped storage according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The upper reservoir (1) is connected to the first pump-turbine (6a) via the water diversion main tunnel (2) and the first water diversion branch tunnel (4a); the upper reservoir (1) is connected to the second pump-turbine (6b) via the water diversion main tunnel (2) and the second water diversion branch tunnel (4b); the upper reservoir (1) is connected to the bottom of the water-gas co-containment tank via the water diversion main tunnel (2) and the third water diversion branch tunnel (4c); the first pump-turbine (6a) is connected to the lower reservoir (9) via the first tailwater branch tunnel (7a) and the tailwater main tunnel (8); The first pump-turbine (6a) and the second pump-turbine (6b) are respectively connected to the first generator motor (21a) and the second generator motor (21b) and are connected to the power grid system through the export bus, the transformer and the high-voltage cable; the first water diversion branch hole (4a) in front of the first pump-turbine (6a) is equipped with a first water inlet ball valve (5a), the second water diversion branch hole (4b) in front of the second pump-turbine (6b) is equipped with a second water inlet ball valve (5b), and the third water diversion branch hole (4c) is equipped with a third water inlet ball valve (5c).

3. The constant pressure compressed air energy storage system combined with pumped storage according to claim 2 is characterized in that: A first liquid level transmitter (30a) is installed in the upper reservoir (1), a second liquid level transmitter (30b) is installed in the lower reservoir, and a water hammer elimination tank (3) is installed on the water diversion main tunnel (2); a first tailwater branch tunnel (7a) behind the first water pump turbine (6a) is installed with a first tailwater butterfly valve (22a), and a second tailwater branch tunnel (7b) behind the second water pump turbine (6b) is installed with a second tailwater butterfly valve (22b).

4. The constant pressure compressed air energy storage system combined with pumped storage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water-vapor co-containment chamber constant pressure subsystem further comprises a third pressure transmitter (25c), a third temperature transmitter (23c), a safety valve (4) and a spray (26) installed on the upper layer of the water-vapor co-containment chamber, wherein the spray (26) is connected to the water diversion main tunnel (2) via a pressure reducing valve (27) and a water delivery pipeline (29); the third pressure transmitter (25c) is used to monitor the air pressure of the upper layer of the water-vapor co-containment chamber (10) in real time, the third temperature transmitter (23c) is used to monitor the air temperature of the upper layer of the water-vapor co-containment chamber (10) in real time, and the safety valve (24) is used to automatically release the pressure when the air pressure of the upper layer of the water-vapor co-containment chamber (10) reaches a limit value. ; A third liquid level transmitter (30c) is installed at the lower layer of the water-gas co-containment tank (10) for real-time monitoring of the water level of the water-gas co-containment tank (10); the body of the water-gas co-containment tank (10) comprises a steel plate sealing layer (33) and a concrete lining (32) located outside the steel plate sealing layer (33); a water curtain (31) is formed between the steel plate sealing layer (33) and the concrete lining (32); the water curtain (31) is connected to the water diversion main tunnel (2) through a ball valve (28) and a water supply pipeline (29); a fourth pressure transmitter (25d) is arranged above the water curtain (31) for real-time monitoring of the pressure of the water curtain (31).

5. The constant pressure compressed air energy storage system combined with pumped storage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The elevation of the water-gas co-containment tank is substantially the same as the elevations of the first water diversion branch tunnel (4a), the second water diversion branch tunnel (4b), the third water diversion branch tunnel (4c), the first water pump turbine (6a), and the second water pump turbine (6b).

6. The constant pressure compressed air energy storage system combined with pumped storage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The turbine expansion power generation subsystem comprises a first heat exchanger (13a), a turbine (16) and a gas storage tank (20) which are connected in sequence, wherein the gas storage tank (20) is used to provide a constant gas source for low-pressure gas users of the power station; the first heat exchanger (13a) is connected to a heat storage tank (15) via a first heat medium delivery pipeline (14a), and the heat storage tank (15) is used to store heat generated by the air compression subsystem during energy storage; the turbine (16) is also connected to a third generator motor (18), and the third generator motor (18) is connected to a power grid system via an export bus, a transformer, and a high-voltage cable. When generating electricity, the turbine (16) expands and performs work, and the third generator motor (18) rotates clockwise.

7. The constant pressure compressed air energy storage system combined with pumped storage according to claim 6 is characterized in that: One end of the first heat exchanger (13a) is connected to the upper layer of the water-gas co-containment chamber (10) through a second gas pipeline (11b) and the first gas pipeline (11a); a first pressure transmitter (25a) and a first temperature transmitter (23a) are installed on the second gas pipeline (11b) between the other end of the first heat exchanger (13a) and the turbine (16); a first gas pipeline ball valve (12a) is installed on the second gas pipeline (11b) between the first heat exchanger (13a) and the water-gas co-containment chamber (10); and a third gas pipeline ball valve (12c) is installed on the second gas pipeline (11b) between the turbine (16) and the gas storage tank (20).

8. The constant pressure compressed air energy storage system combined with pumped storage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air compression subsystem comprises a second heat exchanger (13b), an air compressor (17) and an air filter (19) which are connected in sequence. The second heat exchanger (13b) is connected to the heat storage tank (15) via a second heat medium delivery pipeline (14b). The air compressor (17) can also be used to provide an air source for medium-pressure gas users of the power station. The air compressor (17) is also connected to a third generator motor (18). When storing energy, the air compressor (17) compresses air and the third generator motor (18) rotates counterclockwise.

9. The constant pressure compressed air energy storage system combined with pumped storage according to claim 8, characterized in that: One end of the second heat exchanger (13b) is connected to the upper layer of the water-gas co-containment chamber (10) via a third gas pipeline (11c) and a first gas pipeline (11a); a second pressure transmitter (25b) and a second temperature transmitter (23b) are installed on the third gas pipeline (11c) between the other end of the second heat exchanger (13b) and the air compressor (17); and a second gas pipeline ball valve (12b) is installed on the third gas pipeline (11c) between the second heat exchanger (13b) and the water-gas co-containment chamber (10).

10. A control method for a constant pressure compressed air energy storage system combined with pumped storage as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The steps include: Before energy storage begins, the first water inlet ball valve (5a), the second water inlet ball valve (5b), the first gas pipeline ball valve (12a), the second gas pipeline ball valve (12b), and the third gas pipeline ball valve (12c) are closed, and the third water inlet ball valve (5c) and the ball valve (28) are opened to fill the water-gas co-containment chamber (10) and the water curtain (31). At the same time, the second gas pipeline ball valve (12b) is opened, and the air compressor (17) starts to work. The outdoor air filtered by the air filter (19) is compressed into high-pressure air by the air compressor (17) and injected into the water-gas co-containment chamber (10), so that the gas pressure inside the water-gas co-containment chamber (10) is equal to the pressure formed by the height difference between the upper reservoir and the water-gas co-containment chamber. At this time, the initial constant pressure system of the water-gas co-containment chamber (10) is constructed, the air compressor (17) stops working, and the ball valve (28) and the second gas pipeline ball valve (12b) are closed. When the power generation of renewable energy decreases sharply or the power load increases, resulting in insufficient power in the power grid system, it is necessary to operate in power generation mode. According to actual needs, any of the following three methods can be adopted: In the first mode, the pumped storage subsystem generates electricity independently: the third water inlet ball valve (5c) is closed, the first water inlet ball valve (5a) and the second water inlet ball valve (5b) are opened, the water in the upper reservoir (1) flows to the lower reservoir (9), the first pump turbine (6a) and the second pump turbine (6b) operate in a power generation mode, convert the potential energy of the upper reservoir (1) into mechanical energy, and convert it into electrical energy through the first generator motor (21a) and the second generator motor (21b) and transmit it to the power grid system through the transformer. At this time, the turbine (16), the air compressor (17) and the water-gas co-containment tank (10) do not work; when the upper reservoir (1) is lowered to the dead water level or the lower reservoir (9) is raised to the normal water storage level or the power system does not need to operate in a power generation mode, the system stops generating electricity; In the second mode, the turbine expansion subsystem generates electricity independently: the first water inlet ball valve (5a), the second water inlet ball valve (5b) and the second gas pipeline ball valve (12b) are closed, and the third water inlet ball valve (5c) and the first gas pipeline ball valve (12a) are opened, and the water of the upper reservoir (1) flows to the water-gas common containment tank (10), and the high-pressure air at the upper end of the water-gas common containment tank (10) drives the turbine (16) to work, and the mechanical energy generated by the rotation of the turbine (16) is converted into electrical energy through the third generator motor (18) and transmitted to the power grid system via the transformer; at this time, the first water pump turbine (6a), the second water pump turbine (6b) and the air compressor (17) do not work; when the upper reservoir (1) is lowered to the dead water level or the water level of the water-gas common containment tank (10) rises to the highest operating water level or the power system does not need to operate in the power generation mode, the system stops generating electricity; In the third mode, the pumped storage subsystem and the turbine expansion subsystem generate electricity simultaneously: the second gas pipeline ball valve (12b) is closed, the first water inlet ball valve (5a), the second water inlet ball valve (5b) and the third water inlet ball valve (5c) are opened, the first pump turbine (6a) and the second pump turbine (6b) are operated in a power generation mode, the potential energy of the upper reservoir (1) is converted into mechanical energy, and the first generator motor (21a) and the second generator motor (21b) are converted into electrical energy and transmitted to the power grid system via a transformer; the water from the upper reservoir (1) flows to the lower reservoir (9 ) at the same time, the water-gas containing tank (10) and the turbine (16) work, the water of the upper reservoir (1) flows into the water-gas containing tank (10), the high-pressure air at the upper end of the water-gas containing tank (10) drives the turbine (16) to do work, and the mechanical energy generated by the rotation of the turbine (16) is converted into electrical energy through the third generator motor (18) and transmitted to the power grid system through the transformer; when the upper reservoir (1) is lowered to the dead water level or the lower reservoir (9) is raised to the normal water storage level or the water level of the water-gas containing tank (10) is raised to the highest operating water level or the power system does not need to operate in the power generation mode, the system stops generating electricity; When the power generation of renewable energy increases sharply or the power load decreases, resulting in a surplus of power in the power grid system, it is necessary to operate in energy storage mode. According to actual needs, any of the following three methods can be used: In the first mode, the pumped storage subsystem stores energy independently: the third water inlet ball valve (5c) is closed, the first water inlet ball valve (5a) and the second water inlet ball valve (5b) are opened, the first pump turbine (6a) and the second pump turbine (6b) operate in a pumping mode, the power grid system transmits electrical energy to the first generator motor (21a) and the second generator motor (21b) via a transformer to convert the electrical energy into mechanical energy, and then converts the electrical energy into water potential energy via the first pump turbine (6a) and the second pump turbine (6b), and pumps the water in the lower reservoir (9) into the upper reservoir (1). At this time, the turbine (16), the air compressor (17) and the water-gas co-containment tank (10) do not work; when the lower reservoir (9) is lowered to a dead water level or the upper reservoir (1) is raised to a normal water storage level or the power system does not need to operate in an energy storage mode, the system stops storing energy; In the second method, the air compression subsystem stores energy independently: the first water inlet ball valve (5a), the second water inlet ball valve (5b), the first gas pipeline ball valve (12a) and the third gas pipeline ball valve (12c) are closed, the third water inlet ball valve (5c) and the second gas pipeline ball valve (12b) are opened, the power grid system transmits electric energy to the air compressor (17) via the transformer, the air compressor (17) is started, and the outdoor air filtered by the air filter (19) is converted into high-pressure gaseous air and compressed into the water-gas co-containment chamber (10), and the water-gas co-containment chamber (10) is used to store energy. The water level of the tank (10) gradually decreases, and the water flows into the main water diversion tunnel (2) through the third water diversion branch tunnel (4c), and then flows into the upper reservoir (1); when the air compressor (17) and the water-gas common containment tank (10) are working, the water pressure of the water-gas common containment tank (10) is sent to the upper reservoir, and at this time, the first pump-turbine (6a) and the second pump-turbine (6b) do not work; when the water level of the water-gas common containment tank (10) drops to the minimum operating water level or the upper reservoir (1) rises to the normal water storage level or the power system does not need to operate in the energy storage mode, the system stops storing energy; In the third method, the pumped storage subsystem and the air compression subsystem store energy simultaneously: the first gas pipeline ball valve (12a) and the third gas pipeline ball valve (12c) are closed, and the second gas pipeline ball valve (12b), the first water inlet ball valve (5a), the second water inlet ball valve (5b) and the third water inlet ball valve (5c) are opened. The power grid system transmits electric energy to the air compressor (17) via the transformer. The air compressor (17) is started to convert outdoor air filtered by the air filter (19) into high-pressure gaseous air and press it into the water-gas co-containment chamber (10). The water level of the water-gas co-containment chamber (10) gradually decreases, and the water flows into the water diversion main tunnel through the third water diversion branch tunnel (4c). (2) and flows into the upper reservoir (1); at the same time, the first pump-turbine (6a) and the second pump-turbine (6b) operate in pumping mode, and the power grid system transmits the electrical energy to the first generator motor (21a) and the second generator motor (21b) via the transformer to convert it into mechanical energy, and then converts it into water potential energy through the first pump-turbine (6a) and the second pump-turbine (6b), so as to pump the water in the lower reservoir (9) into the upper reservoir (1); when the water level in the water-gas co-containment tank (10) drops to the minimum operating water level or the lower reservoir (9) drops to the dead water level or the upper reservoir (1) rises to the normal water storage level or the power system does not need to operate in the energy storage mode, the system stops storing energy.

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