Aviation composite fuel and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of fuels, and provides an aviation composite fuel and a preparation method thereof, and the aviation composite fuel comprises carbamide, glycerol, methanol, a surfactant and a kerosene fuel. The structure of the combustion chamber does not need to be changed, and the aviation composite fuel is improved, so that the nitrogen and carbon emission of combustion is effectively reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of fuel technology, and in particular to an aviation composite fuel and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Jet fuel is composed of hydrocarbons of different fractions of alkanes, aromatics and olefins, and has the characteristics of suitable density, high calorific value and good combustion performance. However, after burning in aviation gas turbines, jet fuel will emit carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide into the atmosphere, causing environmental pollution. In order to further reduce the nitrogen and carbon emissions of aviation gas turbines, how to provide an aviation fuel that can reduce nitrogen and carbon emissions has become a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved. Summary of the invention

[0003] Based on this, an embodiment of the present application provides an aviation composite fuel capable of reducing nitrogen and carbon emissions of a gas turbine and a preparation method thereof.

[0004] In a first aspect, the present application provides an aviation composite fuel, which comprises carbon amide, glycerol, methanol, a surfactant and kerosene fuel.

[0005] In some embodiments, the mass ratio of the carbonamide to the glycerol is (0.3-0.4):1.

[0006] In some embodiments, the total volume proportion of the carbonamide and the glycerol in the aviation composite fuel is 6% to 10%.

[0007] In some embodiments, the volume ratio of methanol in the aviation composite fuel is 3‰~8‰.

[0008] In some embodiments, the volume ratio of the surfactant in the aviation composite fuel is 1‰~5‰.

[0009] In some embodiments, the surfactant comprises an ether surfactant.

[0010] Optionally, the surfactant includes at least one of octanol ether and fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether.

[0011] In some embodiments, the kerosene fuel comprises aviation kerosene.

[0012] Optionally, the kerosene fuel also includes sustainable aviation fuel, and the volume ratio of the sustainable aviation fuel to the aviation kerosene is (0.25~1):1.

[0013] In some embodiments, the sustainable aviation fuel includes at least one of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis-based sustainable aviation fuel, oil hydrogenation-based sustainable aviation fuel, fermentation hydrogenation-based sustainable aviation fuel, and catalytic aquathermolysis-based sustainable aviation fuel.

[0014] In a second aspect, the present application provides a method for preparing the aviation composite fuel as described in the first aspect, the preparation method comprising:

[0015] The aviation composite fuel is obtained by mixing the carbonamide, the glycerol, the methanol, the surfactant and the kerosene fuel.

[0016] In some embodiments, the preparation method comprises:

[0017] Mixing the carbonamide and the glycerol to obtain a first mixed solution;

[0018] The aviation composite fuel is obtained by mixing the first mixed liquid, the methanol, the surfactant and the kerosene fuel.

[0019] Compared with the traditional technology, this application has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0020] The present application utilizes carbon amide, propylene glycol, methanol, surfactant and kerosene fuel to cooperate with each other, and mixes them under the action of surfactant to form an emulsified aviation composite fuel, which not only ensures the uniformity of dispersion of each component, but also effectively reduces the emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and CO and hydrocarbons generated during the combustion process, thereby improving energy utilization efficiency. Among them, carbon amide produces ammonia during the combustion process, which can convert NOx generated during the combustion process into nitrogen, thereby reducing the NOx emissions of aviation gas turbines. Further, under the synergistic effect of propylene glycol and methanol, propylene glycol can promote the oxidation reaction of the fuel, so that the carbon, hydrogen and other elements in the fuel can be more fully combined with oxygen, and cooperate with methanol to improve the combustion reaction of the engine, thereby improving the combustion efficiency of the fuel, and further can reduce the combustion temperature of the fuel, reduce the generation and emission of NOx, and can also increase the stability of the fuel, reduce the influence of moisture and impurities in the fuel, and make the combustion more stable. The aviation composite fuel of the present application can be applied to existing gas turbines, and has the characteristics of low cost and reduced nitrogen and carbon emissions. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] Below in conjunction with the embodiments and examples, the present application is further described in detail. These embodiments and examples are only used to illustrate the present application and are not used to limit the scope of the present application. The purpose of providing these embodiments and examples is to make the understanding of the disclosure of the present application more thorough and comprehensive. It should also be understood that the present application can be implemented in many different forms, and is not limited to the embodiments and examples described herein. Those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications without violating the connotation of the present application, and the equivalent form obtained also falls within the protection scope of the present application. In addition, in the description below, a large number of specific details are given in order to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the present application. It should be understood that the present application can be implemented without one or more of these details.

[0022] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this application belongs. The terms used herein in the specification of this application are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application.

[0023] In this application, "optionally", "optional", and "optional" mean optional or dispensable, that is, any one of the two parallel schemes of "yes" or "no". If multiple "options" appear in a technical solution, unless otherwise specified and there is no contradiction or mutual restriction, each "optional" is independent.

[0024] In this application, the terms "first", "second", etc. in "the first aspect", "the second aspect", etc. are used only for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or quantity, nor can they be understood as implicitly indicating the importance or quantity of the indicated technical features. Moreover, "first", "second", etc. only serve the purpose of non-exhaustive enumeration and description, and it should be understood that they do not constitute a closed limitation on quantity.

[0025] In the present application, the technical features described in an open manner include closed technical solutions composed of the listed features, and also include open technical solutions containing the listed features.

[0026] In the present application, when it comes to a numerical interval (i.e., a numerical range), unless otherwise specified, the distribution of the optional numerical values ​​in the numerical interval is considered to be continuous, and includes the two numerical endpoints (i.e., the minimum and maximum values) of the numerical interval, and each numerical value between the two numerical endpoints. Unless otherwise specified, when the numerical interval only refers to an integer in the numerical interval, it includes the two endpoint integers of the numerical range, and each integer between the two endpoints, which is equivalent to directly listing each integer. When multiple numerical ranges are provided to describe features or characteristics, these numerical ranges can be combined. In other words, unless otherwise specified, the numerical range disclosed in the present application should be understood to include any and all sub-ranges included therein. The "numerical value" in the numerical interval can be any quantitative value, such as a number, a percentage, a ratio, etc. "Numerical interval" allows for a broad range of quantitative intervals such as percentage intervals, ratio intervals, and ratio intervals.

[0027] All documents mentioned in this application are cited as references in this application, just as each document is cited as reference separately. Unless they conflict with the application purpose and / or technical solution of this application, the cited documents involved in this application are cited with all contents and all purposes. When the cited documents are involved in this application, the definitions of relevant technical features, terms, nouns, phrases, etc. in the cited documents are also cited. When the cited documents are involved in this application, the examples and preferred methods of the cited relevant technical features can also be incorporated into this application as references, but are limited to the implementation of this application. It should be understood that when the cited content conflicts with the description in this application, the present application shall prevail or be modified adaptively according to the description of this application.

[0028] In traditional technology, lean premixed combustion technology is used to reduce the maximum combustion flame temperature to achieve NOx emission reduction. However, lean premixed combustion technology has certain limitations in reducing NOx emissions. On the one hand, it is necessary to change the combustion chamber design, which takes a long time. On the other hand, the reduction in flame temperature in the lean premixed condition will cause a decrease in the combustion chemical reaction rate, thereby increasing the probability of flame instability and the risk of flame blowout. In addition, due to uneven mixing, it is difficult for liquid fuel and air to achieve complete evaporation and mixing before the reaction, and the local equivalence ratio in the flame area may be very low or very high, even close to 1. When the local equivalence ratio is close to 1, the combustion temperature will be very high, that is, the so-called "hot spot" will appear, and NOx will be generated sharply at this time.

[0029] Based on this, the first aspect of the present application provides an aviation composite fuel, which includes carbon amide, propylene glycol, methanol, a surfactant and kerosene fuel.

[0030] The present application utilizes carbon amide, propylene glycol, methanol, surfactant and kerosene fuel in synergistic combination to form an aviation composite fuel in an emulsified form, which not only ensures the uniformity of dispersion of each component, but also effectively reduces the emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and CO and hydrocarbons generated during the combustion process, thereby improving energy utilization efficiency.

[0031] Among them, carbon amide is non-corrosive, has stable thermodynamic properties, and can produce ammonia during the combustion process. Ammonia as a reducing agent can convert NOx produced during the combustion process into nitrogen, thereby reducing the NOx emissions of aviation gas turbines. The principle of carbon amide reducing NOx emissions is that carbon amide decomposes under the conditions of combustion flames, that is, 1 mole of carbon amide reacts to generate 2 moles of ammonia. The chemical reaction formula is as follows:

[0032] (NH 2 ) 2 CO+H 2 O→2NH 3 +CO 2 (1)

[0033] The above reaction generates ammonia (NH 3 ), which is a reducing agent of NOx, the process of reducing NOx is as follows:

[0034] 4NH 3 +4NO+O 2 →4N 2 +6H 2 O (2)

[0035] 4NH 3 +6NO→5N 2 +6H 2 O (3)

[0036] 8NH 3 +6NO 2 →7N 2 +12H 2 O (4)

[0037] 4NH 3 +2NO 2 +2NO→4N 2 +6H 2 O (5)

[0038] From equations (2) to (5), we know that NOx is reduced by ammonia to form nitrogen, thereby reducing NOx emissions.

[0039] Glycerol can not only improve the dispersibility of carbon amide, but also act as an oxidant in the combustion process to promote the oxidation reaction of the fuel, so that the carbon, hydrogen and other elements in the fuel can be more fully combined with oxygen to achieve carbon capture, thereby improving the combustion efficiency of the fuel and reducing carbon emissions. Furthermore, glycerol can also reduce the combustion temperature of the fuel and reduce the generation and emission of NOx. In addition, glycerol can also increase the stability of the fuel, reduce the impact of moisture and impurities in the fuel, and make the fuel combustion more stable.

[0040] Methanol has the characteristic of high oxygen content, which can improve the combustion reaction of engine aviation fuel and improve combustion efficiency; at the same time, compared with kerosene fuel, methanol has a lower carbon content, which can further reduce carbon emissions. In addition, due to the high oxygen content of methanol, it can provide more oxygen during the combustion process, which helps complete combustion and reduces the generation of nitrogen oxides (NOx). At the same time, methanol has a high latent heat of vaporization. Adding methanol will reduce the temperature in the cylinder, thereby reducing the generation of NOx under high temperature conditions.

[0041] In some embodiments, the mass ratio of the carbonamide to the glycerol is (0.3-0.4):1, for example, it can be 0.30:1, 0.31:1, 0.32:1, 0.33:1, 0.34:1, 0.35:1, 0.36:1, 0.37:1, 0.38:1, 0.39:1 or 0.40:1.

[0042] The mass ratio of carbonamide to glycerol selected in the present application can make carbonamide dissolve and disperse in glycerol, and then disperse carbonamide into kerosene fuel. At the same time, the carbonamide glycerol solution of this ratio mixed into aviation fuel can ensure a better NOx emission reduction effect.

[0043] In some embodiments, the total volume percentage of the carbonamide and the glycerol in the aviation composite fuel is 6% to 10%, for example, 6.0%, 6.5%, 7.0%, 7.5%, 8.0%, 8.5%, 9.0%, 9.5% or 10.0%.

[0044] The volume ratio of carbonamide and propylene glycol in the aviation composite fuel selected in the present application as above can effectively inhibit the generation of NOx and improve the fuel combustion efficiency.

[0045] In some embodiments, the volume percentage of the methanol in the aviation composite fuel is 3‰~8‰, for example, it can be 3.0‰, 3.5‰, 4.0‰, 4.5‰, 5.0‰, 5.5‰, 6.0‰, 6.5‰, 7.0‰, 7.5‰ or 8.0‰.

[0046] The volume ratio of methanol in the aviation composite fuel selected in the present application as above can promote the fuel oxidation reaction, improve the engine fuel combustion efficiency and increase the combustion stability.

[0047] In some embodiments, the volume ratio of the surfactant in the aviation composite fuel is 1‰~5‰, for example, it can be 1.0‰, 1.5‰, 2.0‰, 2.5‰, 3.0‰, 3.5‰, 4.0‰, 4.5‰ or 5.0‰.

[0048] In some embodiments, the surfactant is used as an emulsifier. The surfactant has a solubilizing effect and can reduce the surface tension of kerosene fuel, carbon amide and glycerol, so that they are dispersed into fine droplets, thereby forming a uniform and stable emulsion.

[0049] In some embodiments, the surfactant comprises an ether surfactant.

[0050] Optionally, the surfactant includes at least one of octanol ether and fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether.

[0051] The surfactant selected in the present application as above is a non-ionic surfactant, which has good stability and strong emulsification ability.

[0052] In some embodiments, the kerosene fuel includes aviation kerosene. It is understood that aviation kerosene is composed of hydrocarbons of different fractions of alkanes, aromatic hydrocarbons and olefins, for example, aviation kerosene that meets the GB 6537 standard can be used.

[0053] Optionally, the kerosene fuel also includes sustainable aviation fuel. It is understood that sustainable aviation fuel is an alternative fuel produced in a sustainable manner using waste animal and vegetable fats, oils, used cooking oil, urban domestic waste and agricultural and forestry waste as raw materials. Compared with aviation kerosene, the use of sustainable aviation fuel can reduce carbon emissions.

[0054] The present application adds sustainable aviation fuel to kerosene fuel, which is a low-carbon fuel that can reduce carbon emissions and can cooperate with carbonamide to reduce nitrogen oxide emissions.

[0055] Further optionally, the volume ratio of the sustainable aviation fuel to the aviation kerosene is (0.25-1):1, for example, it can be 0.25:1, 0.3:1, 0.4:1, 0.5:1, 0.6:1, 0.7:1, 0.8:1, 0.9:1 or 1.0:1. The present application selects the volume ratio of the sustainable aviation fuel to the aviation kerosene as above, so as to ensure that the aviation composite fuel has good flammability, and after adding carbonamide, glycerol, methanol and surfactant and emulsifying, the aviation composite fuel formed has lower NOx and carbon emissions after combustion.

[0056] In some embodiments, the sustainable aviation fuel comprises at least one of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis-based sustainable aviation fuel, oil hydrogenation-based sustainable aviation fuel, fermentation hydrogenation-based sustainable aviation fuel, and catalytic aquathermolysis-based sustainable aviation fuel.

[0057] The second aspect of the present application provides a method for preparing the aviation composite fuel as described in the first aspect, the preparation method comprising:

[0058] The aviation composite fuel is obtained by mixing the carbonamide, the glycerol, the methanol, the surfactant and the kerosene fuel.

[0059] In some embodiments, the preparation method comprises:

[0060] Mixing the carbonamide and the glycerol to obtain a first mixed solution;

[0061] The aviation composite fuel is obtained by mixing the first mixed liquid, the methanol, the surfactant and the kerosene fuel.

[0062] In the preparation process of the present application, propylene glycol is first used to dissolve and mix carbon amide to form a first mixed liquid, thereby improving the dispersion effect of carbon amide in kerosene fuel, thereby improving the synergistic effect between carbon amide, propylene glycol and methanol, and reducing nitrogen and carbon emissions.

[0063] Exemplarily, a method for preparing the above-mentioned aviation composite fuel is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0064] Mixing carbonamide and propylene glycol in a mass ratio of (0.3-0.4):1 to obtain a first mixed solution;

[0065] Mixing sustainable aviation fuel and aviation kerosene in a volume ratio of (0.25-1):1 to obtain kerosene fuel;

[0066] The first mixed liquid, methanol and surfactant are added to kerosene fuel and mixed to obtain the aviation composite fuel. The volume proportion of the first mixed liquid composed of carbonamide and propylene glycol in the aviation composite fuel is 6% to 10%, the volume proportion of methanol is 3‰ to 8‰, and the volume proportion of the surfactant is 1‰ to 5‰.

[0067] It can be understood that the mixing method of the first mixed liquid, methanol, surfactant and kerosene fuel includes at least one of a mechanical stirring method and an ultrasonic emulsification method.

[0068] The embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below in conjunction with examples. It should be understood that these examples are only used to illustrate the present application and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application. The experimental methods for which specific conditions are not specified in the following examples are preferably referred to the guidance provided in the present application, and can also be based on the experimental manual or normal conditions in this area, can also be based on the conditions recommended by the manufacturer, or refer to experimental methods known in the art.

[0069] In the following examples and comparative examples, the brand of aviation kerosene is RP-3, and the sustainable aviation fuel is sustainable aviation fuel produced by oil hydrogenation process.

[0070] Example 1

[0071] Mix carboxamide and propylene glycol in a mass ratio of 0.35:1 to obtain a first mixed solution;

[0072] Mixing sustainable aviation fuel and aviation kerosene in a volume ratio of 0.6:1 to obtain kerosene fuel;

[0073] The first mixed liquid, methanol and surfactant are added to kerosene fuel to obtain the aviation composite fuel. The volume proportion of the first mixed liquid composed of carbonamide and propylene glycol in the aviation composite fuel is 8%, the volume proportion of methanol is 5‰, and the volume proportion of the surfactant is 3‰.

[0074] Example 2

[0075] The aviation composite fuel was prepared according to the method of Example 1, except that carbonamide and propylene glycol were mixed in a mass ratio of 0.3:1 to obtain a first mixed liquid.

[0076] Example 3

[0077] The aviation composite fuel was prepared according to the method of Example 1, except that carbonamide and propylene glycol were mixed in a mass ratio of 0.4:1 to obtain a first mixed liquid.

[0078] Example 4

[0079] The aviation composite fuel was prepared according to the method of Example 1, except that the volume proportion of the first mixed liquid composed of carbonamide and glycerol in the aviation composite fuel was 6%.

[0080] Example 5

[0081] The aviation composite fuel was prepared according to the method of Example 1, except that the volume proportion of the first mixed liquid composed of carbonamide and glycerol in the aviation composite fuel was 10%.

[0082] Example 6

[0083] The aviation composite fuel was prepared according to the method of Example 1, except that the amount of methanol added was adjusted so that the volume proportion of methanol in the aviation composite fuel was 3‰.

[0084] Example 7

[0085] The aviation composite fuel was prepared according to the method of Example 1, except that the amount of methanol added was adjusted so that the volume proportion of methanol in the aviation composite fuel was 8‰.

[0086] The aviation composite fuel of the above embodiment was tested using a combustion device with a central fuel centrifugal spray and an outer two-stage swirl. The contents of nitrogen oxides, CO and hydrocarbons in the exhaust gas after combustion are shown in Table 1.

[0087] Table 1

[0088]

[0089] From the above table we can see that:

[0090] (1) When comparing Example 1 with Example 2, it can be seen that when other conditions remain unchanged, a decrease in carbonamide and an increase in propylene glycol will result in an increase in NOx and a decrease in CO and hydrocarbons.

[0091] (2) When comparing Example 1 with Example 3, it can be seen that when other conditions remain unchanged, an increase in carbonamide and a decrease in propylene glycol will result in a decrease in NOx and an increase in CO and hydrocarbons.

[0092] (3) When comparing Example 1 with Example 4, it can be seen that when other conditions remain unchanged, the amount of the first mixed solution of carbon amide and propylene glycol added is reduced, then both carbon amide and propylene glycol are reduced, resulting in an increase in NOx, CO and hydrocarbons.

[0093] (4) Compared with Example 5, it can be seen that when other conditions remain unchanged, the amount of the first mixed liquid of carbon amide and propylene glycol added increases, then both carbon amide and propylene glycol increase, resulting in a decrease in NOx, CO and hydrocarbons, but it will lead to a higher cost of aviation composite fuel.

[0094] (5) When comparing Example 1 with Example 6, it can be seen that when other conditions remain unchanged, the amount of methanol decreases, resulting in a decrease in NOx and an increase in CO and hydrocarbons.

[0095] (6) Compared with Example 7, it can be seen that when other conditions remain unchanged, the increase of methanol leads to an increase of NOx and a decrease of CO and hydrocarbons.

[0096] As described above, the present application utilizes carbon amide, propylene glycol, methanol, surfactant and kerosene fuel to form an emulsified aviation composite fuel, which not only ensures the uniformity of dispersion of each component, but also effectively reduces the emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and CO and hydrocarbons generated during the combustion process, thereby improving energy utilization efficiency. Among them, carbon amide produces ammonia during the combustion process, which can convert NOx generated during the combustion process into nitrogen, thereby reducing the NOx emissions of aviation gas turbines. Further, under the synergistic effect of propylene glycol and methanol, propylene glycol can promote the oxidation reaction of the fuel, so that the carbon, hydrogen and other elements in the fuel are more fully combined with oxygen, and cooperate with methanol to improve the combustion reaction of the engine, thereby improving the combustion efficiency of the fuel, and further can reduce the combustion temperature of the fuel, reduce NOx generation and emissions, and can also increase the stability of the fuel, reduce the influence of moisture and impurities in the fuel, and make the combustion more stable. The aviation composite fuel of the present application can be applied to existing gas turbines, and has the characteristics of low cost and reduced nitrogen and carbon emissions.

[0097] The technical features of the above-described embodiments may be arbitrarily combined. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0098] The above-described embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present application, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but they cannot be construed as limiting the scope of the application. It should be noted that, for a person of ordinary skill in the art, several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the attached claims.

Claims

1. An aviation composite fuel, characterized in that: The aviation composite fuel comprises carbon amide, glycerol, methanol, a surfactant and kerosene fuel.

2. The aviation composite fuel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the carbonamide to the propylene glycol is (0.3-0.4):

1.

3. The aviation composite fuel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The total volume proportion of the carbonamide and the propylene glycol in the aviation composite fuel is 6% to 10%.

4. The aviation composite fuel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The volume proportion of methanol in the aviation composite fuel is 3‰~8‰.

5. The aviation composite fuel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The volume proportion of the surfactant in the aviation composite fuel is 1‰~5‰.

6. The aviation composite fuel according to claim 5, characterized in that: The surfactant includes an ether type surfactant; Optionally, the surfactant includes at least one of octanol ether and fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether.

7. The aviation composite fuel according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The kerosene fuel includes aviation kerosene; Optionally, the kerosene fuel also includes sustainable aviation fuel, and the volume ratio of the sustainable aviation fuel to the aviation kerosene is (0.25~1):

1.

8. The aviation composite fuel according to claim 7, characterized in that: The sustainable aviation fuel includes at least one of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis sustainable aviation fuel, oil hydrogenation sustainable aviation fuel, fermentation hydrogenation sustainable aviation fuel and catalytic water thermal cracking sustainable aviation fuel.

9. A method for preparing the aviation composite fuel according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The preparation method comprises: The aviation composite fuel is obtained by mixing the carbonamide, the glycerol, the methanol, the surfactant and the kerosene fuel.

10. The preparation method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The preparation method comprises: Mixing the carbonamide and the glycerol to obtain a first mixed solution; The aviation composite fuel is obtained by mixing the first mixed liquid, the methanol, the surfactant and the kerosene fuel.

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