Method for planting corn in Xinjiang saline-alkali soil and application thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of corn planting, in particular to a method for planting corn in Xinjiang saline-alkali soil and application of the method. The invention provides a method for planting corn in Xinjiang saline-alkali soil, which comprises the following steps: laying a drip irrigation tape and a mulching film on the saline-alkali soil to obtain a planting area; the adjacent side or two sides of the planting area are salt enrichment areas; carrying out drip irrigation on the planting area for 2-6 times by adopting a drip irrigation mode under a plastic film, and carrying out drip irrigation for 5-10 days at the time interval of two adjacent times of drip irrigation, so as to obtain the treated planting area; punching and sowing are carried out in the treated planting area. According to the method, film mulching is combined with drip irrigation watering, and salt can be transferred to a salt enrichment area between the films. The salt and alkali in the film mulching planting area are reduced to a degree suitable for corn cultivation, and then the film surface is punched and sown, so that the adverse effects of salt and alkali on corn germination, seedling emergence and growth and development can be greatly relieved, and the yield of corn is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of corn planting, and in particular to a method for planting corn in saline-alkali land in Xinjiang and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Soil salinization leads to soil compaction, poor permeability, and reduced soil fertility. The salinized soil cannot provide favorable growth conditions for the growth of vegetation such as cultivated land and forest land, which has an adverse impact on cultivated land and forest land and reduces agricultural productivity. Soil salinization and secondary soil salinization caused by irrigation are the main obstacles to agricultural development in arid areas and an important factor affecting the stability of oasis ecological environment. Soil salinization is a widespread problem worldwide and has seriously affected my country's agricultural production level.

[0003] In recent years, researchers at home and abroad have conducted a large number of experiments on saline-alkali soil improvement. The existing improvement methods include physical improvement technology, chemical improvement technology, biological improvement technology, water conservancy engineering improvement technology, etc., but most of the technologies are costly and difficult to promote and apply on a large scale.

[0004] Based on this, there is an urgent need for a saline-alkali land planting method that increases corn yield, is easy to operate, and has low cost. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for planting corn in saline-alkali land in Xinjiang and its application, which can effectively increase corn yield and is simple to operate and low in cost.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] The present invention provides a method for planting corn in saline-alkali land in Xinjiang, comprising the following steps:

[0008] (1) laying drip irrigation tape and mulch film on saline-alkali land to obtain a planting area; one or both sides adjacent to the planting area are salt-enriched areas;

[0009] (2) drip irrigation is performed on the planting area 2 to 6 times by drip irrigation under the film, and the time interval between two adjacent drip irrigations is 5 to 10 days to obtain a treated planting area;

[0010] (3) drilling and sowing in the treated planting area;

[0011] (4) Carry out water and fertilizer management.

[0012] Preferably, in step (1), the ground film is a fully biodegradable ground film or a PE film; the width of the ground film is 70 to 190 cm; and the width of the planting area is 50 to 170 cm.

[0013] Preferably, in step (1), the width of the salt-enriched zone is 20 to 60 cm.

[0014] Preferably, in step (1), the drip irrigation tape is located on both sides or in the middle of the membrane.

[0015] Preferably, in step (3), the sowing pattern is one film with two rows or one film with four rows.

[0016] Preferably, in step (3), the row spacing for sowing is 30 to 70 cm; the plant spacing for sowing is 15 to 25 cm.

[0017] Preferably, in step (3), the number of plants sown is 4000 to 9000 plants per mu.

[0018] The invention also provides application of the method in planting corn in saline-alkali land in Xinjiang.

[0019] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0020] The present invention can improve the utilization rate of land and the efficiency of laying drip irrigation tapes and ground film through the interval flat ground covering mode, fully ensure the semi-airtightness of the ground film, quickly increase the ground temperature, and combined with the geographical conditions of high evaporation, it can increase the transpiration cycle of water in the film after drip irrigation, use water to drive salt to transfer to the salt-enriched area, greatly reduce the salinity at the film surface, and then double or multiple rows of perforated sowing can be carried out, which can greatly reduce the adverse effects of salt and alkali on corn germination, emergence and growth and development, thereby increasing corn yield. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The present invention provides a method for planting corn in saline-alkali land in Xinjiang, comprising the following steps:

[0022] (1) laying drip irrigation tape and mulch film on saline-alkali land to obtain a planting area; one or both sides adjacent to the planting area are salt-enriched areas;

[0023] (2) drip irrigation is performed on the planting area 2 to 6 times by drip irrigation under the film, and the time interval between two adjacent drip irrigations is 5 to 10 days to obtain a treated planting area;

[0024] (3) drilling and sowing in the treated planting area;

[0025] (4) Carry out water and fertilizer management.

[0026] In the present invention, in step (1), the mulch film is a fully biodegradable mulch film or a PE film, preferably a fully biodegradable mulch film; the width of each mulch film is 70 to 190 cm, preferably 90 to 145 cm, and more preferably 125 cm; the width of the planting area is 50 to 170 cm, preferably 80 to 140 cm, and more preferably 105 cm.

[0027] In the present invention, in step (1), the width of the salt-enriched zone is 20 to 60 cm, preferably 30 to 50 cm, and more preferably 45 cm.

[0028] In the present invention, in step (1), the drip irrigation tape is located on both sides or in the middle under the membrane.

[0029] In the present invention, in step (2), the number of drip irrigation is preferably 4 times, and the time interval is preferably 7 days.

[0030] In the present invention, in step (3), the sowing pattern is one film with two rows or one film with four rows; the four rows in one film have equal row spacing or wide and narrow rows.

[0031] In the present invention, in step (3), the sowing row spacing is 30 to 70 cm, preferably 45 to 55 cm, and more preferably 45 cm;

[0032] The sowing plant spacing is 15 to 25 cm, preferably 18 to 22 cm, and more preferably 20 cm. The sowing depth is 5 to 6 cm, and preferably 5.5 cm.

[0033] In the present invention, in step (3), the specific sowing method of the narrow and wide rows in the four rows of one film is: the two sides are narrow rows, the middle is a wide row, holes are punched on the ground film for sowing, and the drip irrigation tape is located in the middle of the narrow row film or on both sides of the wide row film; the width of the narrow row is 35 to 45 cm, preferably 38 to 42 cm, and more preferably 40 cm; the width of the wide row is 50 to 70 cm, preferably 55 to 67 cm, and more preferably 55 cm;

[0034] The specific sowing method of the one film four rows with medium row spacing is: set the row spacing to 45-55 cm, preferably 50 cm, drill holes on the ground film for sowing, and lay two drip irrigation belts, the drip irrigation belts are in the middle under the two side row films or on both sides under the middle row film.

[0035] In the present invention, in step (3), the number of plants sown is 4000 to 9000 plants / mu, preferably 5000 to 7000 plants / mu, and more preferably 6000 plants / mu.

[0036] In the present invention, water and fertilizer management needs to be carried out after drilling and sowing; the water and fertilizer management includes drip irrigation and topdressing;

[0037] Drip irrigation was carried out at the flaring stage, tasseling stage, grain filling stage and milky stage of corn.

[0038] Apply top dressing to corn at the seedling stage, trumpet stage and tasseling stage respectively;

[0039] In the present invention, the irrigation frequency during the large bell mouth period is 1 to 2 times, preferably 2 times, the interval time is 6 to 10 days, preferably 8 days, and the amount of each drip irrigation is 40 to 50 m 3 / mu, preferably 43-47m 3 / mu, more preferably 45m 3 / mu;

[0040] The irrigation frequency during the tasseling period is 1 to 2 times, preferably 1 time, and the amount of each drip irrigation is 25 to 35 m 3 / mu, preferably 28-32m 3 / mu, more preferably 30m 3 / mu;

[0041] The irrigation frequency during the grouting period is 1 to 2 times, preferably 1 time, and the amount of drip irrigation each time is 20 to 30 m 3 / mu, preferably 23-27m 3 / mu, more preferably 25m 3 / mu;

[0042] The irrigation frequency in the milky stage is 1 to 2 times, preferably 2 times, with an interval of 6 to 10 days, preferably 8 days, and the amount of each drip irrigation is 10 to 15 m 3 / mu, preferably 12-13m 3 / mu, more preferably 12.5m 3 / mu.

[0043] In the present invention, urea and zinc sulfate are applied at the seedling stage;

[0044] The topdressing amount of the urea is 25-30 kg / mu, preferably 27-28 kg / mu, and more preferably 27.5 kg / mu; the topdressing amount of the zinc sulfate is 1-5 kg / mu, preferably 2-4 kg / mu, and more preferably 3 kg / mu;

[0045] In the trumpet stage, topdress with urea, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and humic acid liquid fertilizer;

[0046] The topdressing amount of the urea is 10-15 kg / mu, preferably 12-13 kg / mu, and more preferably 12.5 kg / mu; the topdressing amount of the dipotassium hydrogen phosphate is 150-200 g / mu, preferably 170-180 g / mu, and more preferably 175 g / mu; the topdressing amount of the humic acid liquid fertilizer is 150-250 ml / mu;

[0047] During the tasseling period, apply urea, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and liquid boron;

[0048] The topdressing amount of urea is 20-25 kg / mu, preferably 22-23 kg / mu, and more preferably 22.5 kg / mu;

[0049] The topdressing amount of the dipotassium hydrogen phosphate is 15-20 kg / mu, preferably 17-18 kg / mu, and more preferably 17.5 kg / mu; the topdressing amount of the fluid boron is 10-20 ml / mu, preferably 13-17 ml / mu, and more preferably 15 ml / mu.

[0050] The invention also provides application of the method in planting corn in saline-alkali land in Xinjiang.

[0051] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0052] Example 1

[0053] (1) laying a biodegradable mulch film on the flat ground with a width of 90 cm, and placing drip irrigation tapes on both sides of the mulch film to obtain a planting area with a width of 70 cm; the two sides adjacent to the planting area are salt-enriched areas with a width of 25 cm;

[0054] (2) drip irrigation was performed on the planting area 4 times by drip irrigation under the film, with the interval between two adjacent drip irrigations being 6 days, to obtain the treated planting area;

[0055] (3) using a one-film two-row model to perform punching and sowing in the treated planting area, wherein the row spacing is 50 cm, the plant spacing is 20 cm, and the sowing amount is 6000 plants / mu;

[0056] (4) Water and fertilizer management:

[0057] Seedling stage: topdressing urea 30kg / mu, zinc sulfate 3kg / mu;

[0058] During the first drip irrigation, 13 kg / mu of urea, 200 g / mu of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 200 ml / mu of humic acid liquid fertilizer were applied. The drip irrigation volume was 40 m 3 / mu; after 10 days, 45m 3 / mu of drip irrigation for the second time;

[0059] Male-pulling period: while drip irrigation, apply urea 20kg / mu, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 15kg / mu, liquid boron 15ml / mu, of which the drip irrigation volume is 30m 3 / mu;

[0060] Grouting period: 25m 3 / mu of drip irrigation;

[0061] Milk maturity: 10m 3 / mu of drip irrigation; after 10 days, 10m 3 / mu of drip irrigation amount is used for drip irrigation again.

[0062] Example 2

[0063] (1) laying a biodegradable mulch film on the flat ground with a width of 70 cm, and placing a drip irrigation belt in the middle under the mulch film to obtain a planting area with a width of 60 cm; the two sides adjacent to the planting area are salt-enriched areas with a width of 20 cm;

[0064] (2) drip irrigation was performed on the planting area three times by drip irrigation under the film, with the interval between two adjacent drip irrigations being 5 days, to obtain the treated planting area;

[0065] (3) using a one-film two-row model to perform punching and sowing in the treated planting area, wherein the row spacing is 45 cm, the plant spacing is 25 cm, and the sowing amount is 5000 plants / mu;

[0066] (4) Water and fertilizer management:

[0067] Seedling stage: topdressing urea 25kg / mu, zinc sulfate 1kg / mu;

[0068] During the first drip irrigation, apply urea 15kg / mu, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 150g / mu, and humic acid liquid fertilizer 150ml / mu. The drip irrigation volume is 45m 3 / mu; after 6 days, 40m 3 / mu of drip irrigation for the second time;

[0069] Male-pulling period: while drip irrigation, apply urea 23kg / mu, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 17kg / mu, liquid boron 15ml / mu, of which the drip irrigation volume is 25m 3 / mu;

[0070] Grouting period: 30m 3 / mu of drip irrigation;

[0071] Milk maturity: 12m 3 / mu of drip irrigation; 8 days later, 15m 3 / mu of drip irrigation amount is used for drip irrigation again.

[0072] Example 3

[0073] (1) A biodegradable mulch film is laid on the flat ground with a width of 145 cm. Drip irrigation belts are located on both sides of the mulch film to obtain a planting area with a width of 135 cm. The two sides adjacent to the planting area are salt-enriched areas with a width of 20 cm.

[0074] (2) drip irrigation is performed on the planting land 5 times by drip irrigation under film, and the interval between two adjacent drip irrigations is 10 days, so as to obtain a treated planting land and a treated planting area;

[0075] (3) One film and four rows mode is: set wide and narrow rows, two narrow rows and one wide row, the row spacing of the wide row is 55 cm, and planting is carried out in the narrow row;

[0076] (3) Setting large and small rows, with a small row in the middle and a width of 40 cm and large rows on both sides, and punching sowing, with a row spacing of 45 cm, a plant spacing of 23 cm, and a sowing rate of 8,000 plants / mu;

[0077] (4) Water and fertilizer management:

[0078] Seedling stage: topdressing urea 23kg / mu, zinc sulfate 4kg / mu;

[0079] During the first drip irrigation, apply urea 10kg / mu, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 180g / mu, and humic acid liquid fertilizer 250ml / mu. The drip irrigation volume is 50m 3 / mu; after 10 days, 40m 3 / mu of drip irrigation for the second time;

[0080] Male-pulling period: while drip irrigation, apply urea 20kg / mu, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 15kg / mu, liquid boron 15ml / mu, of which the drip irrigation volume is 30m 3 / mu;

[0081] Grouting period: 20m 3 / mu of drip irrigation; after 6 days, 20m 3 / mu of drip irrigation volume for drip irrigation again;

[0082] Milk maturity: 15m 3 Drip irrigation is carried out at a drip irrigation rate of / mu.

[0083] Comparative Example 1

[0084] The difference from Example 1 is that the order of step (2) and step (3) is different. Sowing is carried out first in the planting area [step (3) in Example 1], and then drip irrigation is carried out [step (2) in Example 1].

[0085] Comparative Example 2

[0086] The difference from Example 1 is that the width of the salt-enriched zone is 15 cm.

[0087] Comparative Example 3

[0088] The difference from Example 1 is that the width of the salt-enriched zone is 65 cm.

[0089] Comparative Example 4

[0090] The difference from Example 1 is that the width of the ground film is 200 cm.

[0091] Comparative Example 5

[0092] The difference from Example 1 is that the width of the ground film is 40 cm.

[0093] Comparative Example 6

[0094] The difference from Example 1 is that the row spacing for sowing is 30 cm and the plant spacing is 10 cm.

[0095] Comparative Example 7

[0096] The difference from Example 1 is that the row spacing for sowing is 80 cm and the plant spacing is 10 cm.

[0097] Comparative Example 9

[0098] The difference from Example 1 is that the drip irrigation rate at the big bell mouth stage, tasseling stage, grain filling stage, and milky stage is 30m 3 / mu.

[0099] Comparative Example 10

[0100] The difference from Example 1 is that 20 kg / mu urea, 6 kg / mu zinc sulfate and 15 kg / mu dipotassium hydrogen phosphate were applied at the seedling stage, large trumpet mouth stage and tasseling stage.

[0101] Experimental Example 1

[0102] Corn was selected as silage corn, and the variety was Xinsiyu No. 10. On April 20, 2022, a field experiment was conducted at Lingfeng Farm, Tawenjueken Township, Bohu County, Bayinguoleng Mongol Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang. The salinity of the soil was 11‰ and the pH value was 8.6. Planting was carried out according to the methods of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 10, and other field management measures were carried out according to conventional methods. The salinity and pH value of the land in the planting area after treatment in Examples 1 to 3 were determined, and the emergence rate, plant height, stem thickness, and yield of silage corn in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 10 were compared. The experimental results are shown in Table 1.

[0103] Table 1 Seedling rate, plant height, stem diameter and yield of silage corn under different treatments

[0104]

[0105]

[0106] After testing, the salt content of the land in the planting area after the treatment of Examples 1 to 3 was 1.8‰, 1.8‰, and 2.0‰ respectively; the pH value of the land in the planting area after the treatment of Examples 1 to 3 was 7.2, 7.3, and 7.3 respectively. It can be seen that the treatment methods described in Examples 1 to 3 can significantly reduce the salt content and pH of the land;

[0107] As can be seen from Table 1, the emergence rate, plant height, stem thickness and yield of silage corn obtained by the planting method described in Examples 1 to 3 of the present invention are significantly higher than those in Comparative Examples 1 to 10;

[0108] Compared with Comparative Example 1, Example 1 shows that the traditional method, i.e., film covering, planting, irrigation and leaching, cannot significantly transfer the salt, while flat land film covering, irrigation and leaching, planting, not only reduces the use of film and reduces the cost, but also significantly reduces the salt content of the planting land and significantly increases the yield of silage corn;

[0109] It can be seen from Example 1 compared with Comparative Examples 2 to 3 that a salt-enriched area that is too large or too small is not conducive to the transfer of salt. The spacing distance described in Example 1 of the present invention can effectively ensure a high yield of silage corn;

[0110] It can be seen from the comparison between Example 1 and Comparative Examples 4 to 5 that the ground film can effectively transfer salt to the gap between the films within a certain width, thereby increasing the yield of silage corn;

[0111] It can be seen from Example 1 that the row spacing of sowing directly affects the emergence rate, plant height, stem thickness and yield of silage corn by comparing with Comparative Examples 6 to 7. The row spacing of Examples 1 to 3 significantly improves the emergence rate, plant height, stem thickness and yield of silage corn.

[0112] It can be seen from Example 1 that compared with Comparative Examples 8 to 9, the water demand and nutritional requirements of silage corn are different at different times. Fertilization or drip irrigation according to conventional methods will cause excess or deficiency of nutrients and water, thereby reducing the yield and quality of silage corn, and may also increase costs.

[0113] It can be seen from the above embodiments that the present invention provides a method for planting corn in saline-alkali land in Xinjiang and its application. The planting method of the present invention can effectively reduce the salt content of the saline-alkali land and greatly improve the yield and quality of corn.

[0114] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for planting corn in saline-alkali land in Xinjiang, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) laying drip irrigation tape and mulch film on saline-alkali land to obtain a planting area; one or both sides adjacent to the planting area are salt-enriched areas; (2) drip irrigation is performed on the planting area 2 to 6 times by drip irrigation under the film, and the time interval between two adjacent drip irrigations is 5 to 10 days to obtain a treated planting area; (3) Drill holes and sow seeds in the treated planting area.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step (1), the ground film is a fully biodegradable ground film or a PE film; the width of the ground film is 70 to 190 cm; and the width of the planting area is 50 to 170 cm.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that In step (1), the width of the salt-enriched zone is 20 to 60 cm.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that In step (1), the drip irrigation belt is located on both sides or in the middle of the membrane.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that In step (3), the sowing pattern is one film with two rows or one film with four rows.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that In step (3), the row spacing of the sowing is 30 to 70 cm; the plant spacing of the sowing is 15 to 25 cm.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that In step (3), the number of plants sown is 4000 to 9000 plants per mu.

8. Use of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 in planting corn in saline-alkali land in Xinjiang.

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