Feed additive as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a feed additive and a preparation method and application thereof.The feed additive comprises ganoderma lucidum spore powder, the ganoderma lucidum spore powder is obtained by conducting wall breaking and degreasing treatment on a ganoderma lucidum spore raw material, and the specific preparation method comprises the following steps that 1, the ganoderma lucidum spore raw material is subjected to wall breaking treatment and then granulated and dried; and 2) degreasing the ganoderma spore particles obtained in the step 1), crushing and sieving to obtain the feed additive. When the feed additive is applied to preparation of chicken feed, the feed conversion rate of broilers can be effectively increased, and the immune function of the broilers can be enhanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of feed additives, in particular to a feed additive and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Feed additives refer to small or trace substances added during the production, processing and use of feed. They are used in small amounts in feed but have significant effects. Feed additives are raw materials that must be used in the modern feed industry. They have obvious effects on strengthening the nutritional value of basic feed, improving animal production performance, ensuring animal health, saving feed costs, and improving the quality of livestock products.

[0003] For example, the Chinese invention patent application with application publication number CN118489813A provides a feed additive for improving the immunity of broilers and a preparation method thereof. The invention uses corn, fish meal, soybean meal, rice bran, minerals, multivitamins, immunomodulators, antioxidants, Chinese herbal medicine additives, probiotics and amino acid balancers as raw materials; corn is used to provide necessary energy, fish meal and soybean meal are high-quality proteins, which are helpful for the growth and development of broilers and the establishment of the immune system; the addition of minerals and multivitamins can ensure that broilers obtain sufficient essential minerals and vitamins to support the normal function of their immune system; the addition of immunomodulators and Chinese herbal medicine additives both help to enhance the immunity of broilers; antioxidants help to protect cells from oxidative stress damage, probiotics help to maintain intestinal health and enhance intestinal barrier function, and amino acid balancers can improve the nutritional value of feed additives, which together ensure the healthy growth of broilers. However, the formula of the feed additive is complex, the components are diverse, and the production is cumbersome.

[0004] Therefore, the existing technology still needs to be improved and developed. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a feed additive with a simple formula, which effectively promotes the growth of broilers and improves the immunity of broilers in view of the above defects and shortcomings, and also provides a preparation method and application of the feed additive.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] The invention provides a feed additive, comprising ganoderma lucidum spore powder, wherein the ganoderma lucidum spore powder is obtained by subjecting ganoderma lucidum spore raw materials to wall breaking and defatting treatment.

[0008] The preparation method of the feed additive comprises the following steps:

[0009] 1) breaking the wall of the ganoderma lucidum spore raw material, and then granulating and drying;

[0010] 2) The ganoderma lucidum spore particles obtained in step 1) are defatted, crushed and sieved to obtain ganoderma lucidum spore powder.

[0011] According to the above scheme, the wall breaking treatment is physical wall breaking, the wall breaking time is 120 minutes, and the wall breaking temperature is less than 40°C.

[0012] According to the above scheme, in step 1), the granulation is carried out by mixing drinking water with 0.7 to 0.9 times the weight of the Ganoderma lucidum spore raw material to prepare a soft material, installing a 20-mesh screen on a swing granulator, and passing the soft material through the 20-mesh screen to prepare wet granules.

[0013] According to the above scheme, in step 1), the drying condition is to dry the wet granules at 60-65° C. for 120-180 min and adjust the moisture content to ≤6.0%.

[0014] According to the above scheme, in step 2), the degreasing treatment uses a supercritical device for degreasing, the fluid parameters set in the supercritical device are 500-700L / h, the degreasing pressure is 30-40MPa, the degreasing temperature is 35-55°C, the separation pressure is 10-18Mpa, and the separation temperature is 35-55°C.

[0015] According to the above scheme, in step 2), the mesh number of the crushing and screening is 60 meshes.

[0016] According to the above scheme, the feed additive is used in the preparation of chicken feed, and the Ganoderma lucidum spore powder is added to the basic feed and mixed evenly.

[0017] According to the above scheme, the feed additive is used in the preparation of chicken feed, and the Ganoderma lucidum spore powder is added to the basic feed at a ratio of 200 to 800 mg / kg and mixed evenly.

[0018] According to the above scheme, the feed additive is used in the preparation of chicken feed, and the Ganoderma lucidum spore powder is added to the basic feed at a ratio of 800 mg / kg and mixed evenly.

[0019] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0020] The ganoderma lucidum spore raw material of the present invention is conducive to consumption and absorption by livestock after being subjected to wall-breaking and defatting treatments. Adding the ganoderma lucidum spore raw material as a feed additive to chicken feed can effectively improve the feed conversion rate of broilers and enhance the immune function of broilers. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is the preparation step of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 It is an analysis diagram of the ileum intestinal barrier function;

[0023] Figure 3 is the analysis of intestinal immune factor expression;

[0024] Figure 4 This is the 16s-OTU number analysis graph;

[0025] Figure 5 This is a 16s-A l pha diversity analysis diagram. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] In order to enable those skilled in the art to more clearly understand the technical solution of the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below in combination with specific embodiments and comparative examples.

[0027] The specific following supercritical equipment uses carbon dioxide fluid for extraction and degreasing.

[0028] Example 1

[0029] A method for preparing a feed additive:

[0030] 1) physically breaking the spores of Ganoderma lucidum for 120 minutes at a breaking temperature of 40° C.; then adding drinking water 0.7 times the weight of the spores of Ganoderma lucidum to the broken spores to prepare a soft material; installing a 20-mesh screen on a swing granulator, passing the soft material through a 20-mesh screen to prepare wet granules; and drying in an environment at 65° C. for 120-180 minutes, with a moisture content of ≤6.0%;

[0031] 2) The ganoderma lucidum spore particles obtained in step 1) are degreased using a supercritical device, with a fluid parameter of 700 L / h, a degreasing pressure of 40 MPa, a degreasing temperature of 55° C., a separation pressure of 18 MPa, and a separation temperature of 55° C.; then the particles are crushed and sieved using a 60-mesh sieve to obtain a ganoderma lucidum spore powder feed additive.

[0032] The above-mentioned Ganoderma lucidum spore powder was added to the basic feed at a ratio of 200 mg / kg and mixed evenly to obtain chicken feed.

[0033] Example 2

[0034] A method for preparing a feed additive:

[0035] 1) physically breaking the spores of Ganoderma lucidum for 120 minutes at a breaking temperature of 40° C.; then adding drinking water 0.7 times the weight of the spores of Ganoderma lucidum to the broken spores to prepare a soft material; installing a 20-mesh screen on a swing granulator, passing the soft material through a 20-mesh screen to prepare wet granules; and drying in an environment at 65° C. for 120-180 minutes, with a moisture content of ≤6.0%;

[0036] 2) The ganoderma lucidum spore particles obtained in step 1) are degreased using a supercritical device, with a fluid parameter of 700 L / h, a degreasing pressure of 40 MPa, a degreasing temperature of 55° C., a separation pressure of 18 MPa, and a separation temperature of 55° C.; then the particles are crushed and sieved using a 60-mesh sieve to obtain a ganoderma lucidum spore powder feed additive.

[0037] The above-mentioned Ganoderma lucidum spore powder was added to the basic feed at a ratio of 500 mg / kg and mixed evenly to obtain chicken feed.

[0038] Example 3

[0039] A method for preparing a feed additive:

[0040] 1) physically breaking the spores of Ganoderma lucidum for 120 minutes at a breaking temperature of 40° C.; then adding drinking water 0.7 times the weight of the spores of Ganoderma lucidum to the broken spores to prepare a soft material; installing a 20-mesh screen on a swing granulator, passing the soft material through a 20-mesh screen to prepare wet granules; and drying in an environment at 65° C. for 120-180 minutes, with a moisture content of ≤6.0%;

[0041] 2) The ganoderma lucidum spore particles obtained in step 1) are degreased using a supercritical device, with a fluid parameter of 700 L / h, a degreasing pressure of 40 MPa, a degreasing temperature of 55° C., a separation pressure of 18 MPa, and a separation temperature of 55° C.; then the particles are crushed and sieved using a 60-mesh sieve to obtain a ganoderma lucidum spore powder feed additive.

[0042] The above-mentioned Ganoderma lucidum spore powder was added to the basic feed at a ratio of 800 mg / kg and mixed evenly to obtain chicken feed.

[0043] The chicken feed obtained in Examples 1-3 was used for animal experiments.

[0044] Experimental materials: 800 healthy Qingyuan Ma chickens of similar weight at 130 days of age were selected and randomly divided into four groups, with 10 replicates in each group and 20 chickens in each replicate. The first group was the control group, which was fed with chicken feed containing 0% feed additives, the second group was fed with the chicken feed of Example 1, the third group was fed with the chicken feed of Example 2, and the fourth group was fed with the chicken feed of Example 3. The experimental period was 30 days, and the basic feed composition of the chicken feed fed to the first to fourth groups is shown in Table 1.

[0045] Table 1 Basic feed composition and nutritional content

[0046] raw material content(%) Nutritional Levels content(%) corn 63.00 Metabolizable energy (MJ / kg) 10.13 Soybean meal 24.00 Crude Protein 15.20 Stone powder 9.00 calcium 2.80 Soybean Oil 1.00 Available Phosphorus 0.32 Calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.54 Total Phosphorus 0.45 Methionine 0.16 Lysine 0.80 salt 0.30 Methionine 0.38 Composite premix 1.00

[0047] The experiment was conducted at the breeding farm of Zhiqing Agricultural Development Co., Ltd. from October 2023 to November 2023. A three-layer stereoscopic net was used for breeding. The breeding environment of the experimental chickens was consistent, and the immunization, sanitation and disinfection procedures were carried out in accordance with the standard breeding system.

[0048] 1. Determination of growth performance

[0049] The initial body weight of Qingyuan Ma chickens was recorded at 130 days of age. At 160 days of age, the chickens were fasted for 12 hours, and the body weight of each replicate of Qingyuan Ma chickens was weighed. The feed consumption of each replicate during the experiment was counted, and the average daily weight gain, average daily feed intake and feed-to-weight ratio of each group were calculated. The growth performance results are shown in Table 2.

[0050] Table 2 Effects of different concentrations of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder on the growth performance of Qingyuan Ma chicken

[0051]

[0052] From the data in the table above, we can see that the average daily weight gain of the second, third and fourth groups added with Ganoderma lucidum spore powder is higher than that of the first group without Ganoderma lucidum spore powder, and the average daily feed intake is lower, and the feed-to-weight ratio is lower, indicating that Ganoderma lucidum spore powder feed additive has a certain promoting effect on broilers. The average daily weight gain of the 800mg / kg Ganoderma lucidum spore powder added group (i.e., the fourth group) is greater than that of the 500mg / kg Ganoderma lucidum spore powder added group (i.e., the third group) and the 200mg / kg Ganoderma lucidum spore powder added group (i.e., the second group), indicating that Ganoderma lucidum spore powder as a feed additive has the effect of promoting the growth of broilers. In addition, the average daily weight gain of the 800mg / kg Ganoderma lucidum spore powder added group is greater, the average daily feed intake is lower, and the feed-to-weight ratio is lower, indicating that the feed intake is smaller but the weight gain is greater, which improves the feed conversion rate of broilers and reduces feed costs.

[0053] 2. Determination of immune organ index

[0054] The immune organ index was calculated by randomly selecting 30 chickens from each group after the experiment at each growth stage, weighing them on an empty stomach, and separating the thymus and spleen after slaughter. The weights of the thymus and spleen were determined and the immune organ index was calculated, where the immune organ index = (immune organ weight / live chicken weight) × 100%. The data are shown in Table 3.

[0055] Table 3 Effects of different concentrations of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder on immune organ indexes of Qingyuan Ma chicken

[0056]

[0057] The data results in Table 3 show that Ganoderma lucidum spore powder can promote the development of thymus and spleen of broiler chickens. From the perspective of the entire growth cycle, the immune organs of broiler chickens are well developed and the immune performance is significantly improved.

[0058] 3. Analysis of Ileal Intestinal Barrier Function

[0059] Improving intestinal tight junction proteins can effectively prevent the paracellular transport of intestinal toxins, bacteria, and inflammatory mediators, thereby maintaining the integrity of the intestinal epithelial barrier. Figure 2 The control shown is the first group, A is the second group, B is the third group, C is the fourth group, and the same below. Figure 2 It can be seen that compared with the first group without the addition of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder, the relative mRNA expression levels of ZO-1, Claudin-1 and Muc-2 in the ileal mucosa of the group added with Ganoderma lucidum spore powder were significantly increased, indicating that the intestinal barrier function of the group added with Ganoderma lucidum spore powder was stronger.

[0060] 4. Analysis of intestinal immune factor expression

[0061] The expression of immune factors reflects the anti-inflammatory ability of animals and may affect the composition and diversity of the intestinal microbiota of animals. Figure 3 It can be seen that compared with the first group without the addition of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder, the mRNA expression of IgA, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-α, IFN-β, and IFN-γ in the ileal mucosa of the group added with Ganoderma lucidum spore powder was significantly increased, while the mRNA expression of TNF-α was significantly decreased, indicating that the group added with Ganoderma lucidum spore powder has stronger anti-inflammatory ability.

[0062] 5. 16s-OTU number analysis

[0063] like Figure 4 As shown in the figure, the number of OTUs was obtained after 16S sequencing for all groups. The overlapping numbers are the number of OTUs shared by two samples or two groups, and the multiple overlapping numbers are the number of OTUs shared by multiple samples or groups. Compared with the first group without Ganoderma lucidum spore powder, the group with Ganoderma lucidum spore powder had more OTUs and richer species.

[0064] VI. 16s-Alpha diversity analysis

[0065] like Figure 5 As shown in the figure, after 16S sequencing, the Alpha diversity of all groups was obtained. In Alpha diversity, the larger the Chao value and the Ace value, the higher the richness of the flora; the larger the Shannon value, the higher the community diversity. Compared with the first group without the addition of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder, the group with the addition of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder had larger Chao value, ace value and Shannon value, and higher flora richness and community diversity.

[0066] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, so all equivalent changes or modifications made according to the structure, characteristics and principles described in the scope of the patent application of the present invention are included in the scope of the patent application of the present invention.

Claims

1. A feed additive, characterized in that: The invention comprises ganoderma lucidum spore powder, which is obtained by subjecting ganoderma lucidum spore raw materials to wall breaking and defatting treatment.

2. The method for preparing the feed additive according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: 1) breaking the wall of the ganoderma lucidum spore raw material, and then granulating and drying; 2) The ganoderma lucidum spore particles obtained in step 1) are defatted, crushed and sieved to obtain a feed additive.

3. The method for preparing the feed additive according to claim 2, characterized in that: The wall breaking treatment is physical wall breaking, the wall breaking time is 120 minutes, and the wall breaking temperature is less than 40°C.

4. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step 1), the granulation is carried out by mixing drinking water with 0.7 to 0.9 times the weight of the Ganoderma lucidum spore raw material to prepare a soft material, installing a 20-mesh screen on a swing granulator, and passing the soft material through the 20-mesh screen to prepare wet granules.

5. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step 1), the drying condition is to dry the wet granules at 60-65° C. for 120-180 min and adjust the moisture content to ≤6.0%.

6. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step 2), the degreasing treatment uses a supercritical device for degreasing, the fluid parameters set in the supercritical device are 500-700 L / h, the degreasing pressure is 30-40 MPa, the degreasing temperature is 35-55°C, the separation pressure is 10-18 MPa, and the separation temperature is 35-55°C.

7. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step 2), the mesh number of the crushing and screening is 60 meshes.

8. The use of the feed additive according to claim 1 in the preparation of chicken feed, characterized in that: The ganoderma lucidum spore powder is added into the basic feed and mixed evenly.

9. Use of the feed additive according to claim 8 in preparing chicken feed, characterized in that: The ganoderma lucidum spore powder is added to the basic feed at a ratio of 200-800 mg / kg and mixed evenly.

10. Use of the feed additive according to claim 9 in preparing chicken feed, characterized in that: The ganoderma lucidum spore powder is added to the basic feed at a ratio of 800 mg / kg and mixed evenly.

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