Feed for greater wax moths and preparation method of feed

Abstract

The invention provides a greater wax moth feed and a preparation method thereof. The feed comprises 100 g of milk powder, 100 g of flour, 100 g of wheat bran, 100 g of yeast powder, 100 g of bean flour, 60 g of corn flour, 100 g of beeswax, 100 g of honey and 60 g of glycerin. The method comprises the following steps: weighing the components in proportion, and uniformly mixing. According to the method, the adaptability of greater wax moths to different foods can be evaluated by constructing a life table, and although the method is used for feeding the greater wax moths with honeycombs and artificial feed, although the method has different influences on the growth and development of the greater wax moths, the greater wax moths fed with the artificial feed show relatively good adaptability, and the method is suitable for constructing experimental stable populations of greater wax moths.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of insect breeding, and more specifically, particularly relates to a greater wax moth feed and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] The wax moth Galleria mellonella (Linnaeus) is a holometabolous insect of the Lepidoptera, Pyralidae, and Galleria genus. It is the main enemy of the Chinese honey bee. Each growth cycle must go through four stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. In the larval stage, it tunnels to eat the honeycomb of the honey bees, which damages the brood combs and causes a large number of "white-headed pupae" in the honey bee pupae. In the late larval stage, in addition to the honey pupae, it also feeds on beeswax and pollen, which causes the bee colony to weaken or abandon the nest and flee, thus seriously affecting the production of honey, posing a potential threat to beekeepers and causing great economic losses. Due to the destructive and secretive nature of the larvae of the wax moth, chemical pesticide control is still the main method used by beekeepers in agricultural production, and improper use will be unfriendly to the Chinese honey bees and cause pesticide residues in bee products. However, finding effective prevention and control measures to control the wax moth is of great significance to the realization of green and safe production in the bee industry.

[0003] On the other hand, the wax moth can not only be used as a model organism in medicine, but also has many applications in bacteria, including the development and evaluation of antimicrobial drugs, determination of pathogen virulence, drug toxicity testing, and research on host-pathogen interactions. It can degrade plastics itself and further promote the degradation of plastics through its intestinal microorganisms, providing new possibilities for the biological treatment of plastic pollution.

[0004] Food is an important environmental factor that affects the growth, development and reproduction of insects. Research on the adaptability of insects to food provides a basis for customizing appropriate prevention and control strategies. At present, there are reports on the effects of eating different foods on the growth, development and reproduction of the greater wax moth. However, how to prepare simpler, more applicable and easier-to-prepare feed for feeding the greater wax moth and promoting scientific research is a technical problem currently faced. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a wax moth feed and a preparation method thereof, wherein 100g of milk powder, 100g of flour, 100g of wheat bran, 100g of yeast powder, 100g of soybean powder, 60g of corn flour, 80-120g of beeswax, 80-120g of honey and 50-70g of glycerol are weighed in proportion and mixed. The artificial feed ingredients are easy to obtain, the preparation is simple, the cost is low, and time and cost are saved, thereby effectively solving the above technical problems.

[0006] The purpose and efficacy of a greater wax moth feed and a preparation method thereof of the present invention are achieved by the following specific technical means:

[0007] A greater wax moth feed comprises 80-120g of milk powder, 80-120g of flour, 80-120g of wheat bran, 80-120g of yeast powder, 80-120g of soybean powder and 50-70g of corn powder.

[0008] The invention also comprises 80-120 g of beeswax, 80-120 g of honey and 50-70 g of glycerin.

[0009] The feed comprises 100g of milk powder, 100g of flour, 100g of wheat bran, 100g of yeast powder, 100g of soybean powder and 60g of corn powder.

[0010] It also contains 100g of beeswax, 100g of honey and 60g of glycerin.

[0011] A method for preparing greater wax moth feed comprises the following steps: firstly weighing each component in proportion and mixing them evenly.

[0012] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0013] The artificial feed ingredients are easy to obtain, the preparation is simple, the growth rate and pupa weight are improved, the cost is low, and time and cost are saved. The invention compares the greater wax moth fed with honeycombs and artificial feeds respectively. Although different effects are exerted on the growth and development of the greater wax moth, the greater wax moth fed with the artificial feeds shows better adaptability and is suitable for constructing a stable experimental population of the greater wax moth. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the survival rate of Greater Wax Moth by age under the honeycomb and artificial diet in the present invention;

[0015] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram for comparing the age-characteristic survival rate (lx), female fertility (fx), age-characteristic fertility (mx) and characteristic age-characteristic fertility value (lxmx) of the greater wax moth population under the honeycomb of the present invention and artificial diet;

[0016] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram comparing the age-stage life expectancy (exj) of Greater Wax Moth under the honeycomb of the present invention and artificial diet;

[0017] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram comparing the age-stage characteristic reproduction values ​​(vxj) of the greater wax moth population under the honeycomb of the present invention and artificial diet;

[0018] Figure 5 The present invention predicts the population dynamics of Greater Wax Moth under honeycomb and artificial diet. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The following examples are used to further describe the embodiments of the present invention. The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0020] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "multiple" means two or more; the terms "coaxial", "bottom", "one end", "top", "middle", "other end", "upper", "one side", "top", "inside", "front", "center", "two ends", etc. indicate the orientation or position relationship based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0021] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly stipulated and limited, terms such as "installation", "setting", "connection", "fixation" and "screw-on" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integrated connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. Unless otherwise clearly defined, ordinary technicians in this field can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0022] Example:

[0023] In order to comprehensively analyze the biological characteristics of the wax moth population and the characteristics of growth and development under different foods, this embodiment uses the age-stage life table theory created by Chi et al. and widely used in the field of insects to study. The growth and development of the wax moth experimental population at each age stage under two foods (honeycomb and artificial diet) and population parameters were compared and analyzed, and the population dynamics of the wax moth within 90 days were predicted, and the adaptability of the wax moth to the honeycomb and artificial diet was clarified, in order to provide a reference for the prediction and prevention and control of the wax moth population dynamics.

[0024] The invention provides a greater wax moth feed, which comprises 100g of milk powder, 100g of flour, 100g of wheat bran, 100g of yeast powder, 100g of soybean powder, 60g of corn flour, 100g of beeswax, 100g of honey and 60g of glycerol.

[0025] 1 Materials and methods

[0026] 1.1 Insect sources for testing

[0027] The wax moth was collected from the Miaojiang Beekeeping Base of Huangping County, Guizhou Province (107°40°E, 26°54°N) in August 2022, and brought back to the artificial climate box of the Key Laboratory of Mountain Rare Animals and Economic Insects of Guizhou Province (Ningbo Jiangnan Instrument Factory, RXZ-380A) and placed in the honeycombs of the Chinese honey bees brought back together. The breeding conditions were all 30±1℃, 70%±5%, and a light cycle of L0:D 24 After the adults mate and lay eggs, the fresh eggs are moved into a transparent ziplock bag (L = 5.0 cm, W = 2.5 cm). After the eggs are hatched, the first-instar larvae are placed in an insect box (280 ml) containing a piece of Chinese honeycomb (L = 10.0 cm, W = 2.0 cm) and artificial feed (the same amount as the Chinese honeycomb, the feed formula is milk powder, flour, wheat bran, beeswax, yeast powder, soybean powder, honey, glycerin and corn flour, the ratio is 1:1:1:1:1:1:1:0.6:0.6), and the box lids with several vents pierced with dissecting needles are respectively covered. After the adults emerge, a 10 cm oviposition belt is moved into the insect box, and the eggs on the oviposition belt are collected regularly every day. The larvae are raised for more than 5 generations as a stable test population.

[0028] 1.2 Test methods

[0029] 1.2.1 Rearing and observation of the experimental population of G. mellonella on two kinds of food

[0030] The same rearing conditions as in 1.1, 70 eggs were randomly selected from each food treatment, and observed every evening (20:00). When the eggs hatched, the number of eggs hatched was observed and recorded, and the developmental period of the eggs was counted; the development of the larvae was observed and the survival was recorded; when the mature larvae started to make cocoons, the developmental period of the mature larvae was recorded; when the mature larvae pupated, the developmental period of the pupae and the number of adults emerged were recorded; and after the adults emerged, a pair of male and female were placed in the insect box with a 10 cm oviposition belt, and the animals were continued to be reared until the adults laid eggs. The eggs on the oviposition belt were collected every evening (20:00), and the egg laying amount of the greater wax moth was observed and recorded until the adults died, and the pre-oviposition period of female insects, egg laying period, daily egg laying amount and life span of male and female insects were counted.

[0031] 1.2.2 Construction of life tables for age-stage bisexual experimental populations of G. mellonella under two feeding habits

[0032] The original experimental data were recorded and obtained according to the statistical method of age-stage bisexual life table principle. The basic parameters of the life table were calculated in the TWOSEX-MSChart program.

[13] Preliminary processing in the middle, obtain the initial data age-stage characteristic survival rate S xj (i.e., the probability of an individual developing from an egg to stage j at age x, where x is age and j is developmental stage), female age - characteristic fecundity f xj(i.e., the number of eggs laid by female adults at age x and stage j), population age-characteristic survival rate l x (i.e., survival rate from egg development to age x), population age - characteristic fecundity m x (i.e. the average number of eggs laid by the entire population at age x), population age - characteristic reproductive value l x m x (i.e., the net reproductive capacity of the population at age x), the expected life span of the age-stage characteristic, e xj (i.e. xj is the number of days that an individual of age x and stage j can continue to survive) and the age-stage characteristic reproductive capacity v xj (i.e., how much contribution does an individual at stage x age j bring to the future of the population); use the Euler-Lotka formula and the binary iteration method to estimate the life table parameters as the intrinsic growth rate r (i.e., how much contribution does an individual at stage x age j bring to the future of the population), the weekly growth rate λ (i.e., how much contribution does an individual at stage x age j bring to the future of the population), the net proliferation rate R0 (i.e., how much contribution does an individual at stage x age j bring to the future of the population) and the average generation time T (i.e., how much contribution does an individual at stage x age j bring to the future of the population). Calculate according to the following formula:

[0033]

[0034] e rT =R0 or λ T =R0,λ=e r , T=ln R0 / r

[0035] 1.2.3 Prediction of population dynamics of G. mellonella under two feeding habits

[0036] Using the data obtained from running the 1.3 program TWOSEX-MSChart, the TIMING-MSChart program was used to predict the population dynamics of G. mellonella in the next 90 days under the two food conditions (this program can make indefinite predictions of population dynamics based on the original life table parameters).

[0037] 1.3 Data Analysis

[0038] The mean and standard error (Mean±SE) of life table parameters were processed using bootstrap technology, and the paired bootstrap test (P<0.05) of TWOSEX-MSChart program was used to analyze the significant differences in population parameters, developmental period and reproductive value of G. mellonella under the two diets, and GraphPad Prism 8 was used to draw graphs.

[0039] 2 Results and analysis

[0040] 2.1 Effects of two types of food on the growth, development and reproduction of G. mellonella

[0041] As can be seen from Table 1, different foods have significant effects on the growth, development, lifespan and reproductive capacity of the greater wax moth. The egg and pupal stages developed faster in the group that fed on artificial diet, and the larval and adult stages developed faster in the group that fed on comb. The development period of the larvae that fed on artificial diet was significantly shorter than that of the group that fed on comb (P<0.5), while the development period of the pupal stage was significantly longer (P<0.5). The lifespan of male and female insects that fed on artificial diet was shorter than that of those that fed on comb, and there was a significant difference (P<0.05). The average egg production of female insects that fed on artificial diet was 1465.22 eggs, which was 37.21% lower than that of those that fed on comb (920.08 eggs), and there was a significant difference between the two (P<0.05).

[0042] Table 1 Developmental period and fecundity of G. mellonella under different diets

[0043]

[0044] Note: The data in the table are mean ± standard error. Different lowercase letters in the same row indicate significant differences at the P<0.05 level between different diets using the paired bootstrap test procedure. Same as Table 2.

[0045] 2.2 Effects of two types of food on the survival rate of G. mellonella

[0046] Depend on Figure 1 It can be seen that there is an overlap in the age-stage characteristic survival rate curves. The difference in the survival rate of eggs under the two diets is negligible; the survival time of larvae and adults fed with combs is slightly longer than that of artificial diets; the survival rates of eggs and larvae are 100% and 95.71% respectively. Figure 1 ); The survival rate of pupae reached a peak at 37-41 days under feed, which was higher than that under comb. The survival rate of pupae was slightly affected by comb feeding, which was 87.14% ( Figure 1 :A), while the survival rate of pupae raised on artificial diet was 85.71% ( Figure 1 :B).

[0047] 2.3 Effects of two diets on the survival rate and fecundity of G. mellonella

[0048] Depend on Figure 2 It can be seen that the population age-characteristic survival rate of the wax moth feeding on the two foods is l x Both gradually decreased, and the reproductive capacity of female insects fed on nest spleen and artificial diet was xj The maximum values ​​appeared on the 46th day (245.13) and the 48th day (240.79), respectively.x and the characteristic age reproduction value l x m x The results showed that the rate of feeding on artificial feed (95.8, 76.21) was greater than that on honeycomb (76.48, 67.74).

[0049] 2.4 Effects of two types of food on the life expectancy of G. mellonella

[0050] Depend on Figure 3 It can be seen that the life expectancy of the greater wax moth shortens with age under different food conditions, but the life expectancy under artificial diet (76d) is shorter than that of feeding on honeycomb (92d).

[0051] 2.5 Effects of two types of food on the reproductive value of G. mellonella

[0052] Depend on Figure 4 It can be seen that the reproductive value of female worms raised on artificial diets when laying eggs is significantly higher than that of female worms raised on combs. With the increase of age and age, the reproductive value gradually increases, and the reproductive value of female worms when laying eggs reaches the maximum. The maximum reproductive value of female worms raised on combs and artificial diets appears on the 42nd day (about 900) and the 43rd day (about 1200) respectively. This shows that the reproductive value of female worms raised on artificial diets when laying eggs is significantly higher than that of female worms raised on combs.

[0053] 2.6 Effects of two types of food on the vital parameters of G. mellonella

[0054] As can be seen from Table 2, the intrinsic growth rate r of G. wax moth under the two types of food is greater than zero, indicating that the population size is on an upward trend in the selected food gradient. The intrinsic growth rate r and the weekly growth rate λ of G. wax moth raised on artificial diet are significantly higher than those raised on comb. The net proliferation rate R0 (648.87 offspring / individual) under artificial diet is significantly higher than that of G. wax moth raised on comb (407.47 offspring / individual); the average generation period T also has significant differences under different foods, indicating that the number of generations occurring under different foods will also be significantly different. Comprehensive analysis of the life table parameters in Table 2 shows that artificial diet is more suitable for the growth and reproduction of the experimental population of G. wax moth.

[0055] Table 2 Life table parameters of G. mellonella under different diets

[0056]

[0057] 2.7 Prediction of the population dynamics of G. mellonella based on two types of food

[0058] Depend on Figure 5It can be seen that the population dynamics of G. wax moth under the two diets were significantly different within 90 days. From 0 to 10 days, G. wax moths fed on the two diets began to lay eggs and entered the larval stage on the 5th day. The entire larval stage of the comb and artificial diet feeding lasted 37 days and 31 days respectively. The pupal stage of the comb feeding lasted from 30 to 66 days, which was significantly longer than that of the artificial diet feeding (30-54 days). This shows that the population size of the next generation of G. wax moth after laying eggs under different food conditions is also different, and the population size of the artificial diet feeding is significantly higher than that of the comb feeding.

[0059] 3 Conclusion

[0060] The life table of insects is an important tool for studying the development of insects in different environments, the survival of different stages and the difference of reproductive ability, etc., and plays a vital role in predicting the occurrence of pests, exploring the population dynamics of insects, etc. By building a life table, the adaptability of greater wax moth to different foods can be evaluated. In the present embodiment, greater wax moth is fed with nest spleen and artificial feed respectively, although there are different effects on its growth and development, the greater wax moth fed with artificial feed shows good adaptability, and is adapted to build a stable population of greater wax moth experiment. This may be relevant with the nutrients and physical properties such as trace elements, secondary biomass that different foods have.

[0061] Insects feeding on different foods are of great significance to the construction of stable experimental populations and their growth, such as whether they can successfully develop into adults, the level of adult fertility, and the length of life of the adult stage. This embodiment constructs the age-stage bisexual experimental population life table of greater wax moth under two kinds of food, clarifies the dynamics of its population under comb and artificial diet, and finds that the survival rate, reproduction value, life expectancy and reproductive value of each age under the two kinds of food overlap, which may be related to individual differences under different foods. The growth and development of greater wax moth under feeding comb in this embodiment is consistent with the research of Liu Weifen et al. that 5 different combs can be fed to greater wax moth to complete its growth and development; and the growth period of egg and larvae is short and the growth period of pupae and adults is long in the research of Zhao Jun using old comb to feed greater wax moth indoors, which may be caused by factors such as its feeding environment, utensils and food. However, the female wax moth under artificial diet in this example had the largest egg-laying capacity (1465.22±104.81) and the age-specific fecundity m xThe growth rate (r=0.1335±0.0034), the weekly growth rate (λ=1.1428±0.0039) and the net proliferation rate (R0=648.87±98.9580) were relatively strong, and the generation period T (48.52±0.4796) was shorter than that when fed with honeycomb (51.57±0.4884), indicating that the developmental period of G. wax moth when fed with artificial diet was shorter than that when fed with honeycomb and the reproductive capacity was stronger. This is inconsistent with the observation by Liu Changming et al. that the growth and development of G. wax moth fed with honeycomb of Chinese honey bee was better than that fed with artificial diet. This may be related to the inconsistency of the nutritional components in the artificial diet formula used, and the nutritional mechanism needs further study.

[0062] In addition, the experiment also found that in addition to feeding on honeycombs and artificial feed, the larvae of the wax moth also gnaw on plastic film, foam, wooden boxes, etc. These phenomena can be used to construct a life table of the wax moth under more different foods and study the diversity of its intestinal microorganisms, further understand the growth and development patterns of the wax moth under multiple foods, and preliminarily clarify the microecological conditions of the wax moth's intestines.

[0063] The matters not described in detail in the present invention are all known technologies to those skilled in the art.

[0064] The embodiments of the present invention are given for the purpose of illustration and description, and are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the disclosed forms. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. The embodiments are selected and described in order to better illustrate the principles and practical applications of the present invention and to enable those of ordinary skill in the art to understand the present invention and thereby design various embodiments with various modifications suitable for specific uses.

Claims

1. A greater wax moth feed, characterized in that: The invention comprises 80-120g of milk powder, 80-120g of flour, 80-120g of wheat bran, 80-120g of yeast powder, 80-120g of bean powder and 50-70g of corn powder.

2. The greater wax moth feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The invention also comprises 80-120 g of beeswax, 80-120 g of honey and 50-70 g of glycerin.

3. The greater wax moth feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feed comprises 100g of milk powder, 100g of flour, 100g of wheat bran, 100g of yeast powder, 100g of soybean powder and 60g of corn powder.

4. The greater wax moth feed according to claim 3, characterized in that: It also contains 100g of beeswax, 100g of honey and 60g of glycerin.

5. The method for preparing the greater wax moth feed according to claim 4, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: firstly weighing each component in proportion and mixing them evenly.

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