Device and method for preparing nicotine by recycling tobacco waste

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of tobacco production, and particularly relates to a device and method for preparing nicotine by reusing tobacco waste, and the device comprises a pyrolysis device, a pyrolysis gas condensing device, a rectification device and a rectification condensing device which are sequentially communicated through pipelines; the pyrolysis device is used for pyrolyzing the tobacco waste to release pyrolysis gas containing nicotine; the pyrolysis gas condensing device is used for separating condensed pyrolysis gas and non-cold condensed pyrolysis gas; the rectification device is used for separating nicotine in the condensable pyrolysis gas; and the rectification condensing device is used for condensing the nicotine in the steam state into liquid nicotine. According to the device and the method, the tobacco waste can be recycled to produce nicotine under the condition that strong acid and strong alkali are not used, and the preparation process is simple, low in energy consumption and environmentally friendly.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of tobacco production, and in particular relates to a device and a method for preparing nicotine by recycling tobacco waste. Background Art

[0002] In the process of making cigarettes from tobacco leaves (mainly tobacco leaves), 25% of the tobacco leaves will be discarded as waste. Since tobacco waste contains a large amount of alkaloids such as nicotine, direct incineration and landfill will cause serious environmental pollution. How to recycle tobacco waste has always been the focus of research in the tobacco industry. Studies have shown that pure nicotine is an important chemical and pharmaceutical raw material, which can be widely used in fine chemicals, drugs, organic synthesis, defense industry and agriculture, and has extremely high commercial value. Therefore, if nicotine can be separated and purified from tobacco waste, it will avoid environmental pollution while obtaining economic benefits.

[0003] Currently, there are many process methods for separating and purifying nicotine from tobacco waste, but most of them require the use of strong acids and strong bases, and the process steps are extremely complicated, which undoubtedly increases the difficulty of industrial conversion and also poses potential environmental pollution problems.

[0004] Therefore, an environmentally friendly and easy-to-operate process is urgently needed to separate and purify nicotine in tobacco waste. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a device and method for recycling tobacco waste to produce nicotine. The device and method of the present invention can be used to recycle tobacco waste to produce nicotine without using strong acids or strong alkalis. The preparation process is simple, energy-saving and environmentally friendly.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0007] The first aspect of the present invention provides a device for preparing nicotine by recycling tobacco waste, the device comprising a pyrolysis device 1, a pyrolysis gas condensation device 2, a distillation device 3, and a distillation condensation device 4 connected in sequence by pipelines;

[0008] The pyrolysis device 1 is used to pyrolyze tobacco waste to release pyrolysis gas containing nicotine;

[0009] The pyrolysis gas condensing device 2 is used to separate condensable pyrolysis gas from non-condensable pyrolysis gas, and includes two-stage condensation mechanisms, namely, a primary condensation mechanism 21 and a secondary condensation collection and heat recovery mechanism 22, which are connected by pipelines, wherein a long spoiler 227 and a short spoiler 228, which are arranged oppositely and set back from each other, are installed in the condensation chamber of the secondary condensation collection and heat recovery mechanism 22, wherein the long spoiler 227 is arranged above the short spoiler 228, and specifically the long spoiler 227 is arranged near the entrance of the condensation chamber; wherein the condensable pyrolysis gas is finally in the form of pyrolysis oil after two-stage condensation by the primary condensation mechanism 21 and the secondary condensation collection and heat recovery mechanism 22;

[0010] The distillation device 3 is used to separate the nicotine in the pyrolysis oil formed after condensation by the primary condensation mechanism 21 and the secondary condensation collection and heat recovery mechanism 22, and includes a heating and heat preservation box 31 and a distillation mechanism; the distillation mechanism includes a distillation flask 321 placed in the heating and heat preservation box 31, and a distillation tower 322 connected to the distillation flask 321 and extending out of the box body of the heating and heat preservation box 31; the distillation tower 322 is also provided with an interlayer heating belt along the circumference, and the interlayer heating belt is used to heat steam so that saturated steam is converted into superheated steam, so as to improve heat transfer efficiency, prevent water accumulation, ensure separation effect, and make the distillation process more stable, wherein the heating temperature of the interlayer heating belt is slightly higher than the distillation temperature, specifically, it can be slightly higher than 1-5 degrees Celsius;

[0011] The distillation condensation device 4 is used to condense the vapor state nicotine distilled from the distillation device 3 into liquid nicotine, and includes a condensation mechanism 41, which is a cavity structure with a condensation feed port 413 at one end and a condensation discharge port 414 at the other end. The cavity of the condensation mechanism 41 is divided into two areas by a "V"-shaped partition, wherein the area above the "V"-shaped partition is a refrigerant containing chamber 411, and the area below the "V"-shaped partition is a condensation chamber 412, and the condensation chamber 412 is connected to a vacuum pump 5; specifically, the vacuum pump 5 is also provided with a pressure gauge.

[0012] Preferably, the pyrolysis device 1 comprises:

[0013] The shell 11 is a hollow structure as a whole, and is connected to the outer shell, the heat preservation and insulation layer and the heating and temperature measuring mechanism in sequence from the outside to the inside; the outer shell is also evenly distributed with a number of heat dissipation holes for protecting the outer shell;

[0014] and a pyrolysis tube 12, which is placed in the shell 11, and the upper and lower parts of the heat pipe 12 extend out of the top and bottom of the shell 11 respectively, wherein the pyrolysis tube 12 is correspondingly placed in a cavity inside the shell and is provided with a material holding bucket 121, the top of the pyrolysis tube 12 is provided with a feeding port, the lower part of the pyrolysis tube 12 is provided with a pyrolysis gas outlet 122, the bottom end of the pyrolysis tube 12 is connected to a pyrolysis waste liquid collection tank 123, and the feeding port is also provided with a sealing member detachably connected to the feeding port;

[0015] Preferably, a plurality of through holes are provided at the bottom of the material holding barrel 121, and the plurality of through holes connect the material holding barrel 121 and the pyrolysis waste liquid collecting tank 123, and the plurality of through holes are used to discharge the waste liquid generated during pyrolysis;

[0016] As a preferred solution, the material holding barrel 121 may include a hanging ring, a material holding barrel and a material holding barrel bracket. A hook is provided on the top of the material holding barrel. When the equipment is running, the material holding barrel is hung under the hanging ring through the hook, and the bottom end of the material holding barrel is placed on the material holding barrel bracket. In order to ensure that the waste liquid in the pyrolysis process can flow smoothly into the pyrolysis waste liquid collection tank 123, a waste liquid outflow channel must also be provided on the material holding barrel bracket.

[0017] Preferably, the heating and temperature measuring mechanism includes a heating mechanism and a thermistor temperature measuring mechanism, both of which are arranged on the inner wall of the shell corresponding to the material holding barrel 121, wherein the heating mechanism is a plurality of heating resistors evenly distributed along the circumference of the inner wall of the shell, and the thermistor temperature measuring mechanism is a plurality of thermistors arranged in a stepped manner along the circumference of the inner wall of the shell, wherein the layout of the heating resistors can meet the requirements of uniform heating, and the layout of the thermistors can realize blind-angle monitoring of the heating temperature.

[0018] Preferably, a pressure relief valve is also provided on the sealing member; a protective gas inlet 124 communicating with the pyrolysis tube 12 is also provided at the lower part of the pyrolysis tube 12;

[0019] Preferably, the primary condensing mechanism 21 is a tube structure with openings at both ends and provided with a hollow interlayer, one of the openings at both ends of the primary condensing mechanism 21 is a primary condensing mechanism feed port 213, and the other is a primary condensing mechanism discharge port 214; the outer walls of the tube body of the primary condensing mechanism 21 are opposite and respectively located at the upper and lower parts of the tube body, and two openings connected to the interlayer are provided, wherein the opening close to the primary condensing mechanism feed port 213 is the first condensate flow port 211, and the opening close to the primary condensing mechanism discharge port 214 is the first condensate flow port 212;

[0020] The secondary condensation collection and heat recovery mechanism 22 is a box structure with a secondary condensation collection and heat recovery mechanism feed inlet 229 at one end, a secondary condensation collection and heat recovery mechanism discharge port 226 at the side wall and a hollow interlayer. The outer walls of the box are opposite and respectively located at the upper and lower parts of the box, and two openings connected to the interlayer are provided, wherein the opening close to the pyrolysis oil inflow end is the second condensate flow outlet 221, and the opening away from the pyrolysis oil inflow end is the second condensate flow inlet 222; an electric heating pad 223 is provided at the bottom of the secondary condensation collection and heat recovery mechanism 22, and a thermistor 224 is provided at the top of the secondary condensation collection and heat recovery mechanism 22, the thermistor 224 extends from the top to the bottom of the secondary condensation collection and heat recovery mechanism 22 and is close to the electric heating pad 223, and is used to monitor the temperature of the pyrolysis oil in the secondary condensation collection and heat recovery mechanism 22;

[0021] The primary condensation mechanism feed port 213 is connected to the pyrolysis gas outlet 122 of the pyrolysis tube 12 through a pipeline, and the primary condensation mechanism discharge port 214 is connected to the secondary condensation collection and heat recovery mechanism feed port 229 through a pipeline.

[0022] In order to ensure the stability of the entire equipment, the device for preparing nicotine of the present invention can install corresponding support frames at necessary positions, such as at the pyrolysis gas condensation device 2, specifically, at the bottom of the secondary condensation collection and heat recovery mechanism 22.

[0023] Preferably, the side wall of the secondary condensation collection and heat recovery mechanism 22 is also provided with a non-condensable gas outlet 225 connected to the box body, and the non-condensable gas outlet 225 is located above the discharge port 226 of the secondary condensation collection and heat recovery mechanism; the non-condensable gas outlet 225 is connected to the outside by a pipeline, and a gas solenoid valve is provided on the connecting pipeline.

[0024] Preferably, the heating and insulation box 31 is provided with an electric heating rod and a temperature measuring device, and is filled with heat transfer oil, and the distillation bottle 321 is placed in the heat transfer oil; the electric heating rods are 4, respectively distributed in the four corners of the heating and insulation box 31 to ensure uniform heating of the heat transfer oil, and the temperature measuring device is arranged at the top of the heating and insulation box 31, extending from the top to the bottom of the heating and insulation box (31) to detect the temperature of the heat transfer oil.

[0025] Preferably, the top of the distillation tower 322 is connected to the oil outlet end of the secondary condensation collection and heat recovery mechanism 22 and the air inlet end of the distillation condensing device 4 through pipelines, and a liquid solenoid valve is provided between the connecting pipeline between the inlet end of the distillation tower 322 and the outlet end of the secondary condensation collection and heat recovery mechanism 22, and a gas solenoid valve is provided between the connecting pipeline between the air outlet end of the distillation tower 322 and the air inlet end of the distillation condensing device (4).

[0026] Preferably, a temperature measuring device is also provided at the top of the distillation tower 322 for monitoring the temperature of the steam in the distillation tower 322, wherein the temperature measuring device may be a thermistor.

[0027] Preferably, the distillation device 3 also includes a condensed waste liquid collector 33 arranged outside, and a waste liquid pipe 3211 is also arranged at the bottom of the distillation bottle 321, which penetrates the heating and insulation box 31 and is connected to the condensed waste liquid collector 33, and a liquid solenoid valve is arranged on the waste liquid pipe 3211.

[0028] Preferably, the rectification and condensation device 4 further comprises a condensate collecting barrel 42, wherein the condensate collecting barrel 42 is connected to the bottom of the condensation chamber 412 and is used for collecting the condensed liquid nicotine.

[0029] Among them, the device for preparing nicotine of the present invention also includes other necessary components to ensure the normal operation of the device, for example, the pyrolysis device 1 and the distillation device 3 also include a control cabinet for controlling the heating temperature and heating time of each heating device. The specific equipment operation principle and method can refer to the existing mature pyrolysis devices and distillation devices.

[0030] The second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing nicotine using tobacco waste using the device of the first aspect, comprising the following steps:

[0031] Step (1), crushing tobacco waste into particles with a size of 40-60 mesh for later use;

[0032] Step (2), adding the tobacco waste particles obtained in step (1) into the material storage barrel 121 from the feeding port of the pyrolysis tube 12, and then sealing the feeding port with a sealing member;

[0033] Step (3), after the inert gas is introduced into the pyrolysis tube 12 from the protective gas inlet 124 for 15-30 minutes, the heating mechanism of the pyrolysis device 1 is turned on, and cooling water is introduced from the first condensate inlet 212 of the primary condensation mechanism 21 and the second condensate inlet 222 of the secondary condensation collection and heat recovery mechanism 22, and the cooling water circulation is continued;

[0034] Step (4) turning on the heating mechanism of the pyrolysis device 1 to heat at 350-400 degrees Celsius for 4-5 hours, and the tobacco waste particles will release pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis waste liquid containing nicotine due to the heat;

[0035] Step (5), the nicotine-containing pyrolysis gas enters the primary condensation mechanism 21 through the pipeline connecting the pyrolysis gas outlet 122 of the pyrolysis tube 12 and the feed port 213 of the primary condensation mechanism for the first condensation, and the condensed pyrolysis gas forms pyrolysis oil and the uncondensed pyrolysis gas flows along the primary condensation mechanism outlet 214 through the connecting pipeline between the primary condensation mechanism outlet 214 and the feed port 229 of the secondary condensation collection and heat recovery mechanism into the secondary condensation collection and heat recovery mechanism 22, wherein the pyrolysis oil is temporarily stored, and the uncondensed pyrolysis gas is subjected to a second condensation in the secondary condensation collection and heat recovery mechanism 22, and the condensed pyrolysis gas forms pyrolysis oil and is temporarily stored in the secondary condensation collection and heat recovery mechanism 22, and the pyrolysis gas that has not been condensed is discharged from the non-condensable gas outlet 225;

[0036] Step (6), start the electric heating pad (223) to heat the pyrolysis oil in the secondary condensation collection and heat recovery mechanism 22 at 70-80 degrees Celsius to enhance the fluidity of the pyrolysis oil, then open the liquid solenoid valve, the pyrolysis oil will flow out from the secondary condensation collection and heat recovery mechanism outlet 226, and in turn through the connecting pipe between the secondary condensation collection and heat recovery mechanism outlet 226 and the top inlet of the distillation device 3, flow through the distillation tower into the distillation bottle 321;

[0037] Step (7), turn on the electric heating device in the heating and insulation box 31, close the liquid solenoid valve on the pipeline connecting the discharge port 226 of the secondary condensation collection and heat recovery mechanism and the distillation device 3, open the gas solenoid valve on the pipeline between the distillation tower 322 and the distillation condensation device 4, heat the heat transfer oil to 200±2°C, and the heat transfer oil will transfer heat to the pyrolysis oil in the distillation bottle 321, and then distill at this temperature for 1-3 hours. During the distillation process, nicotine vapor will continuously flow from the outlet at the top of the distillation tower 322, through the connecting pipeline between the distillation tower 322 and the condensation feed port 413, and enter the condensation chamber 412 of the distillation condensation device 4;

[0038] Step (8), start the vacuum pump 5, and at the same time, under the cooling effect of the refrigerant in the refrigerant containing chamber 411, the nicotine vapor entering the condensation chamber 412 is condensed into liquid and flows into the condensate collection barrel 42 from the condensation outlet 414, thus completing the preparation of nicotine using tobacco waste.

[0039] The above gas solenoid valves and liquid solenoid valves can be opened and closed according to actual production conditions.

[0040] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0041] 1. The device of the present invention uses a pyrolysis device, a pyrolysis gas condensation device, a distillation device, a distillation condensation device and a specific process parameter to produce nicotine from tobacco waste without using chemical reagents such as strong acids and strong bases. The process is simple and environmentally friendly, and large-scale production can be carried out. Using the device of the present invention and using tobacco waste as raw materials, the yield of nicotine is not less than 1%.

[0042] 2. The pyrolysis gas condensation device of the present invention adopts two-stage condensation, which on the one hand improves the production efficiency and nicotine yield, and on the other hand greatly reduces the temperature of the non-condensable gas, specifically to below room temperature, thereby improving production safety and avoiding safety hazards such as explosion and fire caused by excessively high temperature of the discharged non-condensable gas.

[0043] 3. The present invention adds a long and a short spoiler at a specific position in the box of the secondary condensation collection and heat recovery mechanism, so that the pyrolysis gas cannot directly enter the bottom of the box after entering the box, but forms a vortex at the top of the box, and as time changes, the pyrolysis gas will also form a vortex at the bottom of the barrel, and will be disturbed by the spoiler. The pyrolysis gas at positions other than the bottom and top of the box will be quickly dispersed to the surroundings of the box. Therefore, the addition of the spoiler prolongs the residence time of the pyrolysis gas in the box on the one hand, and also increases the diffusion rate of the pyrolysis gas in the box on the other hand.

[0044] 4. The distillation device of the present invention is provided with two heating components, namely, a heating belt arranged in the circumferential interlayer of the distillation tower, and a heating device for heating the heat transfer oil in the heating insulation box. The heating device for heating the heat transfer oil in the heating insulation box is used to indirectly heat the pyrolysis oil to release nicotine, and the heating belt arranged in the circumferential interlayer of the distillation tower is used to keep the steam in the distillation tower in a state of superheated steam, so as to improve the heat transfer efficiency, prevent water accumulation, ensure the separation effect, and make the distillation process more stable.

[0045] 5. The rectification and condensation device of the present invention can realize the rapid liquefaction of gaseous nicotine through the cooperation of refrigerant and vacuum pump, wherein the refrigerant is used to physically cool the gaseous nicotine, and the vacuum pump is used to reduce the vacuum degree in the condensation chamber, further reducing the boiling point of nicotine, so that it can be rapidly liquefied, and the energy consumption is greatly reduced.

[0046] Instruction Manual

[0047] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific implementation methods of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the specific implementation methods or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some implementation methods of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0048] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the device of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 2 It is a longitudinal cross-sectional schematic diagram of the pyrolysis tube of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 3 It is a longitudinal cross-sectional schematic diagram of the pyrolysis gas condensation device of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 4 It is a longitudinal cross-sectional schematic diagram of the distillation device of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 5 It is a longitudinal cross-sectional schematic diagram of the condensing mechanism of the present invention;

[0053] Reference numerals:

[0054] 1. Pyrolysis device; 11. Shell; 12. Pyrolysis tube; 121. Material storage barrel; 122. Pyrolysis gas outlet; 123. Pyrolysis waste liquid collection tank; 124. Protective gas inlet; 2. Pyrolysis gas condensation device; 21. Primary condensation mechanism; 211. First condensate outlet; 212. First condensate inlet; 213. Primary condensation mechanism feed inlet; 214. Primary condensation mechanism outlet; 22. Secondary condensation collection and heat recovery mechanism; 221. Second condensate outlet; 222. Second condensate inlet; 223. Electric heating pad, 224. Thermistor; 225 , non-condensable gas outlet; 226, secondary condensation collection and heat recovery mechanism outlet; 227, long spoiler; 228, short spoiler; 229, secondary condensation collection and heat recovery mechanism feed inlet; 3, distillation device; 31, heating and insulation box; 32, distillation mechanism; 321, distillation bottle; 3211, waste liquid pipe; 322, distillation tower; 33, condensation waste liquid collector; 4, distillation condensation device; 41, condensation mechanism; 411, refrigerant containing chamber; 412, condensation chamber; 413, condensation feed inlet; 414, condensation discharge port; 42, condensate collection barrel; 5, vacuum pump. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0055] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the examples, but is not intended to limit the present invention. Any changes or improvements made based on the teachings of the present invention fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. If no specific techniques or conditions are specified in the examples, the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the art or in accordance with the product instructions are used.

[0056] Example 1

[0057] This embodiment provides a device for recycling tobacco waste to prepare nicotine, such as Figure 1 As shown, the device comprises a pyrolysis device 1, a pyrolysis gas condensation device 2, a distillation device 3, and a distillation condensation device 4 which are sequentially connected by pipelines;

[0058] The pyrolysis device 1 is used to pyrolyze tobacco waste to release pyrolysis gas containing nicotine;

[0059] like Figure 3 As shown, the pyrolysis gas condensation device 2 is used to separate the condensable pyrolysis gas and the non-condensable pyrolysis gas, and includes two-stage condensation mechanisms, namely, a primary condensation mechanism 21 and a secondary condensation collection and heat recovery mechanism 22.

[0060] like Figure 3 As shown, the primary condensing mechanism 21 is a tube structure with openings at both ends and provided with a hollow interlayer, one of the openings at both ends of the primary condensing mechanism 21 is a primary condensing mechanism feed port 213, and the other is a primary condensing mechanism discharge port 214; the outer walls of the tube body of the primary condensing mechanism 21 are opposite and respectively located at the upper and lower parts of the tube body, and two openings connected to the interlayer are provided, wherein the opening close to the primary condensing mechanism feed port 213 is the first condensate flow port 211, and the opening close to the primary condensing mechanism discharge port 214 is the first condensate flow port 212;

[0061] The secondary condensation collection and heat recovery mechanism 22 is a box structure with a secondary condensation collection and heat recovery mechanism feed inlet 229 at one end, a secondary condensation collection and heat recovery mechanism discharge port 226 at the side wall and a hollow interlayer. The outer walls of the box are opposite and respectively located at the upper and lower parts of the box, and two openings connected to the interlayer are provided, wherein the opening close to the pyrolysis oil inflow end is the second condensate flow outlet 221, and the opening away from the pyrolysis oil inflow end is the second condensate flow inlet 222; an electric heating pad 223 is provided at the bottom of the secondary condensation collection and heat recovery mechanism 22, and a thermistor 224 is provided at the top of the secondary condensation collection and heat recovery mechanism 22, the thermistor 224 extends from the top to the bottom of the secondary condensation collection and heat recovery mechanism 22 and is close to the electric heating pad 223, and is used to monitor the temperature of the pyrolysis oil in the secondary condensation collection and heat recovery mechanism 22;

[0062] The interlayer arrangement of the primary condensation mechanism 21 and the secondary condensation collection and heat recovery mechanism 22 and the working principle of condensation of the condensate can refer to the condensation tube in the prior art.

[0063] The primary condensation mechanism feed port 213 is connected to the pyrolysis gas outlet 122 of the pyrolysis tube 12 through a pipeline, and the primary condensation mechanism discharge port 214 is connected to the secondary condensation collection and heat recovery mechanism feed port 229 through a pipeline.

[0064] In order to ensure the stability of the whole equipment, the device for preparing nicotine of the present invention can be equipped with a corresponding support frame at a necessary position. In this embodiment, a support frame is installed at the bottom of the pyrolysis gas condensation device 2 .

[0065] The condensing chamber of the secondary condensation collection and heat recovery mechanism 22 is provided with a long spoiler 227 and a short spoiler 228 which are arranged opposite to each other and set back from each other. The long spoiler 227 is arranged above the short spoiler 228. Specifically, the long spoiler 227 is arranged at the entrance of the condensing chamber.

[0066] The distillation device 3 is used to separate the nicotine in the pyrolysis oil. Figure 4 As shown, it includes a heating and heat preservation box 31 and a distillation mechanism; the distillation mechanism includes a distillation flask 321 placed in the heating and heat preservation box 31, and a distillation tower 322 connected to the distillation flask 321 and extending out of the box body of the heating and heat preservation box 31; the distillation tower 322 is also provided with an interlayer heating belt along the circumferential direction;

[0067] like Figure 5 As shown, the distillation condensation device 4 is used to condense nicotine in a vapor state into liquid nicotine, and includes a condensation mechanism 41, which is a cavity structure with a condensation feed port 413 at one end and a condensation discharge port 414 at the other end. The cavity of the condensation mechanism 41 is divided into two areas by a "V"-shaped partition, wherein the area above the "V"-shaped partition is a refrigerant containing chamber 411, and the area below the "V"-shaped partition is a condensation chamber 412, and the condensation chamber 412 is connected to a vacuum pump 5; specifically, the vacuum pump 5 is also provided with a pressure gauge.

[0068] The pyrolysis device 1 comprises:

[0069] The shell 11 is a hollow structure as a whole, and comprises an outer shell, a heat preservation and insulation layer, and a heating and temperature measuring mechanism from the outside to the inside. The outer shell is also evenly distributed with a number of heat dissipation holes for protecting the outer shell;

[0070] and a pyrolysis tube 12, such as Figure 2 The pyrolysis tube 12 is placed in the shell 11, and the upper and lower parts of the heat pipe 12 extend out of the top and bottom of the shell 11 respectively, wherein the pyrolysis tube 12 is placed in a cavity inside the shell and a material holding bucket 121 is provided, the top of the pyrolysis tube 12 is provided with a feeding port, the lower part of the pyrolysis tube 12 is provided with a pyrolysis gas outlet 122, the bottom end of the pyrolysis tube 12 is connected to a pyrolysis waste liquid collection tank 123, and the feeding port is also provided with a sealing member detachably connected to the feeding port;

[0071] The material holding barrel 121 has a plurality of through holes at the bottom thereof. The plurality of through holes connect the material holding barrel 121 and the pyrolysis waste liquid collecting tank 123 . The plurality of through holes are used to discharge the waste liquid generated during pyrolysis.

[0072] like Figure 2As shown, the material holding barrel 121 includes a hanging ring, a material holding barrel and a material holding barrel bracket. A hook is arranged on the top of the material holding barrel. When the equipment is running, the material holding barrel is hung under the hanging ring through the hook, and the bottom end of the material holding barrel is placed on the material holding barrel bracket. In order to ensure that the waste liquid in the pyrolysis process can smoothly flow into the pyrolysis waste liquid collection tank 123, a waste liquid outflow channel must also be opened on the material holding barrel bracket.

[0073] The heating and temperature measuring mechanism includes a heating mechanism and a thermistor temperature measuring mechanism, both of which are arranged on the inner wall of the shell corresponding to the material holding barrel 121, wherein the heating mechanism is a plurality of heating resistors evenly distributed along the circumference of the inner wall of the shell, and the thermistor temperature measuring mechanism is a plurality of thermistors arranged in a stepped manner along the circumference of the inner wall of the shell.

[0074] The sealing member is also provided with a pressure relief valve; the lower part of the pyrolysis tube 12 is also provided with a protective gas inlet 124 which is in communication with the pyrolysis tube 12 .

[0075] The side wall of the secondary condensation collection and heat recovery mechanism 22 is also provided with a non-condensable gas outlet 225 connected to the box body, and the non-condensable gas outlet 225 is located above the discharge port 226 of the secondary condensation collection and heat recovery mechanism; the non-condensable gas outlet 225 is connected to the outside by a pipeline, and a gas solenoid valve is provided on the connecting pipeline.

[0076] The heating and insulation box 31 is provided with electric heating rods and thermistors and is filled with heat transfer oil, and the distillation flask 321 is placed in the heat transfer oil; there are four electric heating rods, which are respectively distributed at the four corners of the heating and insulation box 31 to ensure uniform heating of the heat transfer oil, and the thermistor is arranged at the top of the heating and insulation box 31, passing through the long spoiler 227 from the top of the heating and insulation box 31 and extending to the bottom to detect the temperature of the heat transfer oil.

[0077] The top of the distillation tower 322 is connected to the oil outlet end of the secondary condensation collection and heat recovery mechanism 22 and the air inlet end of the distillation condensing device 4 through pipelines, and a liquid solenoid valve is arranged between the connecting pipeline between the inlet end of the distillation tower 322 and the outlet end of the secondary condensation collection and heat recovery mechanism 22, and a gas solenoid valve is arranged between the connecting pipeline between the outlet end of the distillation tower 322 and the inlet end of the distillation condensing device 4.

[0078] A temperature measuring device is also provided at the top of the distillation tower 322 for monitoring the temperature of the steam in the distillation tower 322 .

[0079] The distillation device 3 also includes a condensed waste liquid collector 33. A waste liquid pipe 3211 is provided at the bottom of the distillation bottle 321, which penetrates the heating and insulation box 31 and is connected to the condensed waste liquid collector 33. A liquid solenoid valve is provided on the connecting section between the waste liquid pipe 3211 and the condensed waste liquid collector 33.

[0080] The rectification and condensation device 4 further includes a condensate collecting bucket 42 , which is connected to the bottom of the condensation chamber 412 and is used to collect condensed liquid nicotine.

[0081] Among them, the device for preparing nicotine of the present invention also includes other necessary components to ensure the normal operation of the device, for example, the pyrolysis device 1 and the distillation device 3 also include a control cabinet for controlling the heating temperature and heating time of each heating device. The specific equipment operation principle and method can refer to the existing mature pyrolysis devices and distillation devices.

[0082] Example 2

[0083] This embodiment provides a method for preparing nicotine using tobacco waste by using the device described in the first aspect, comprising the following steps:

[0084] Step (1), crushing tobacco waste into particles with a size of 40-60 mesh for later use;

[0085] Step (2), adding the tobacco waste particles obtained in step (1) into the material storage barrel 121 from the feeding port of the pyrolysis tube 12, and then sealing the feeding port with a sealing member;

[0086] Step (3), after the inert gas is introduced into the pyrolysis tube 12 from the protective gas inlet 124 for 15-30 minutes, the heating mechanism of the pyrolysis device 1 is turned on, and cooling water is introduced from the first condensate inlet 212 of the primary condensation mechanism 21 and the second condensate inlet 222 of the secondary condensation collection and heat recovery mechanism 22, and the cooling water circulation is continued;

[0087] Step (4) turning on the heating mechanism of the pyrolysis device 1 to heat at 350-400 degrees Celsius for 4-5 hours, and the tobacco waste particles will release pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis waste liquid containing nicotine due to the heat;

[0088] Step (5), the nicotine-containing pyrolysis gas enters the primary condensation mechanism 21 through the pipeline connecting the pyrolysis gas outlet 122 of the pyrolysis tube 12 and the feed port 213 of the primary condensation mechanism for the first condensation, and the condensed pyrolysis gas forms pyrolysis oil and the uncondensed pyrolysis gas flows along the primary condensation mechanism outlet 214 through the connecting pipeline between the primary condensation mechanism outlet 214 and the feed port 229 of the secondary condensation collection and heat recovery mechanism into the secondary condensation collection and heat recovery mechanism 22, wherein the pyrolysis oil is temporarily stored, and the uncondensed pyrolysis gas is subjected to a second condensation in the secondary condensation collection and heat recovery mechanism 22, and the condensed pyrolysis gas forms pyrolysis oil and is temporarily stored in the secondary condensation collection and heat recovery mechanism 22, and the pyrolysis gas that has not been condensed is discharged from the non-condensable gas outlet 225;

[0089] Step (6), start the electric heating pad 223 to heat the pyrolysis oil in the secondary condensation collection and heat recovery mechanism 22 at 70-80 degrees Celsius to enhance the fluidity of the pyrolysis oil, then open the liquid solenoid valve, the pyrolysis oil will flow out from the secondary condensation collection and heat recovery mechanism outlet 226, and in turn through the connecting pipe between the secondary condensation collection and heat recovery mechanism outlet 226 and the top inlet of the distillation device 3, flow through the distillation tower into the distillation bottle 321;

[0090] Step (7), turn on the electric heating device in the heating and insulation box 31, close the liquid solenoid valve on the pipeline connecting the discharge port 226 of the secondary condensation collection and heat recovery mechanism and the distillation device 3, open the gas solenoid valve on the pipeline between the distillation tower 322 and the distillation condensation device 4, heat the heat transfer oil to 200±2°C, and the heat transfer oil will transfer heat to the pyrolysis oil in the distillation bottle 321, and then distill at this temperature for 1-3 hours. During the distillation process, nicotine vapor will continuously flow from the outlet at the top of the distillation tower 322, through the connecting pipeline between the distillation tower 322 and the condensation feed port 413, and enter the condensation chamber 412 of the distillation condensation device 4;

[0091] Step (8), start the vacuum pump 5, and at the same time, under the cooling effect of the refrigerant in the refrigerant containing chamber 411, the nicotine vapor entering the condensation chamber 412 is condensed into liquid and flows into the condensate collection barrel 42 from the condensation outlet 414, thus completing the preparation of nicotine using tobacco waste.

[0092] After the preparation was completed, the collected nicotine was weighed, and the nicotine yield was calculated to be 1.03%.

[0093] Comparative Example 1

[0094] The only difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that no spoiler is provided in the condensation chamber of the secondary condensation collection and regeneration mechanism 22, that is, no long spoiler 227 and short spoiler 228 are provided.

[0095] Then, the nicotine preparation device without a spoiler in the condensation chamber of the secondary condensation collection and heat recovery mechanism 22 was used to implement the process steps of preparing nicotine in Example 2, and then the gas discharged from the non-condensable gas outlet 225 of the secondary condensation collection and heat recovery mechanism 22 was detected, and the temperature was 46° C.;

[0096] At the same time, the collected nicotine was weighed, and the nicotine yield was calculated to be 0.87%.

[0097] Comparative Example 2

[0098] The only difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the distillation tower 322 is not provided with an interlayer heating belt along the circumference;

[0099] Then, a nicotine preparation device without an interlayer heating belt arranged along the circumference of the distillation tower 322 was used to implement the process steps of preparing nicotine in Example 2, and the collected nicotine was weighed, and the nicotine yield was calculated to be 0.91%.

[0100] Finally, it should be noted that the above preferred embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. Although the present application has been described in detail through the above preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that various changes can be made in form and detail without departing from the scope defined by the claims of the present application. The dimensions described in the drawings and embodiments are not related to the specific objects and are not used to limit the protection scope of the present application. The dimensions of the objects can be selected and changed according to actual needs.

Claims

1. A device for recycling tobacco waste to prepare nicotine, characterized in that: The device comprises a pyrolysis device (1), a pyrolysis gas condensation device (2), a distillation device (3) and a distillation condensation device (4) which are sequentially connected by pipelines; The pyrolysis device (1) is used to pyrolyze tobacco waste to release pyrolysis gas containing nicotine; The pyrolysis gas condensation device (2) is used to separate condensable pyrolysis gas from non-coolable condensable pyrolysis gas, and comprises two-stage condensation mechanisms, namely a primary condensation mechanism (21) and a secondary condensation collection and heat recovery mechanism (22) connected by a pipeline, wherein a long spoiler (227) and a short spoiler (228) arranged opposite to each other and set back from each other are installed in the condensation chamber of the secondary condensation collection and heat recovery mechanism (22), and the long spoiler (227) is arranged above the short spoiler (228); The distillation device (3) is used to separate nicotine from condensable pyrolysis gas, and comprises a heating and heat preservation box (31) and a distillation mechanism; the distillation mechanism comprises a distillation flask (321) placed in the heating and heat preservation box (31), and a distillation tower (322) connected to the distillation flask (321) and extending out of the box body of the heating and heat preservation box (31); the distillation tower (322) is also provided with an interlayer heating belt along the circumference, and the interlayer heating belt is used to heat the steam in the distillation tower, so that the saturated steam is converted into superheated steam; The rectification and condensation device (4) is used to condense nicotine in a vapor state into liquid nicotine, and comprises a condensation mechanism (41), which is a cavity structure with a condensation feed port (413) provided at one end and a condensation discharge port (414) provided at the other end. The cavity of the condensation mechanism (41) is divided into two areas by a "V"-shaped partition, wherein the area above the "V"-shaped partition is a refrigerant containing chamber (411), and the area below the "V"-shaped partition is a condensation chamber (412), and the condensation chamber (412) is connected to a vacuum pump (5).

2. The device for preparing nicotine by recycling tobacco waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pyrolysis device (1) comprises: The housing (11) is a hollow structure as a whole, and comprises an outer shell, a heat preservation and insulation layer, and a heating and temperature measuring mechanism connected in sequence from the outside to the inside; and a pyrolysis tube (12), which are placed in the shell (11), and the upper and lower parts of the heat pipe (12) extend out of the top and bottom of the shell (11) respectively, wherein the pyrolysis tube (12) is provided with a material holding bucket (121) in a cavity arranged inside the shell corresponding to the pyrolysis tube (12), a feeding port is provided at the top of the pyrolysis tube (12), a pyrolysis gas outlet (122) is provided at the upper part of the pyrolysis tube (12), and a pyrolysis waste liquid collection tank (123) is connected to the bottom of the pyrolysis tube (12), and a sealing member detachably connected to the feeding port is also provided at the feeding port.

3. The device for preparing nicotine by recycling tobacco waste according to claim 2, characterized in that: The bottom of the material holding barrel (121) is provided with a plurality of through holes, the plurality of through holes connecting the material holding barrel (121) and the pyrolysis waste liquid collection tank (123), and the plurality of through holes are used to discharge waste water generated during pyrolysis in the material holding barrel (121).

4. The device for preparing nicotine by recycling tobacco waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heating and temperature measuring mechanism comprises a heating mechanism and a thermistor temperature measuring mechanism, both of which are arranged on the inner wall of the shell (11) corresponding to the material holding barrel (121), wherein the heating mechanism is a plurality of heating resistors evenly distributed along the circumference of the inner wall of the shell (11), and the thermistor temperature measuring mechanism is a plurality of thermistors arranged in a stepped manner along the circumference of the inner wall of the shell (11).

5. The device for preparing nicotine by recycling tobacco waste according to claim 2, characterized in that: A pressure relief valve is also provided on the sealing member; and a protective gas inlet (124) communicating with the pyrolysis tube (12) is also provided at the lower part of the pyrolysis tube (12).

6. The device for preparing nicotine by recycling tobacco waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The primary condensation mechanism (21) is a tube structure with openings at both ends and provided with a hollow interlayer, one of the openings at both ends of the primary condensation mechanism (21) being a primary condensation mechanism feed port (213), and the other being a primary condensation mechanism discharge port (214); the outer wall of the tube body of the primary condensation mechanism (21) is opposite and respectively located at the upper and lower parts of the tube body, and is provided with two openings connected to the interlayer, wherein the opening close to the primary condensation mechanism feed port (213) is a first condensate flow port (211), and the opening close to the primary condensation mechanism discharge port (214) is a first condensate flow port (212); The secondary condensation collection and heat recovery mechanism (22) is a box structure having a secondary condensation collection and heat recovery mechanism feed port (229) at one end, a secondary condensation collection and heat recovery mechanism discharge port (226) at the side wall, and a hollow interlayer. The outer wall of the box is opposite to and respectively located at the upper and lower parts of the box, and has two openings connected to the interlayer, wherein the opening close to the pyrolysis oil inflow end is the second condensate outflow port (221), and the opening away from the pyrolysis oil inflow end is the second condensate inflow port (222); an electric heating pad (223) is provided at the bottom of the secondary condensation collection and heat recovery mechanism (22), and a thermistor (224) is provided at the top of the secondary condensation collection and heat recovery mechanism (22); the thermistor (224) extends from the top to the bottom of the secondary condensation collection and heat recovery mechanism (22) and is close to the electric heating pad (223), and is used to monitor the temperature of the pyrolysis oil in the secondary condensation collection and heat recovery mechanism (22); The feed port (213) of the primary condensation mechanism is connected to the pyrolysis gas outlet (122) of the pyrolysis tube (12) through a pipeline, and the discharge port (214) of the primary condensation mechanism is connected to the feed port (229) of the secondary condensation collection and heat recovery mechanism through a pipeline.

7. The device for preparing nicotine by recycling tobacco waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side wall of the secondary condensation collection and heat recovery mechanism (22) is also provided with a non-condensable gas outlet (225) connected to the box body, and the non-condensable gas outlet (225) is located above the discharge port (226) of the secondary condensation collection and heat recovery mechanism; the non-condensable gas outlet (225) is connected to the outside by a pipeline, and a gas solenoid valve is provided on the connecting pipeline.

8. The device for preparing nicotine by recycling tobacco waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heating and heat preservation box (31) is provided with an electric heating rod and a temperature measuring device and is filled with heat transfer oil, and the distillation flask (321) is placed in the heat transfer oil; there are four electric heating rods, which are respectively distributed at four corners of the heating and heat preservation box (31) to uniformly heat the heat transfer oil; the temperature measuring device is arranged at the top of the heating and heat preservation box (31) and extends from the top to the bottom of the heating and heat preservation box (31) to monitor the temperature of the heat transfer oil.

9. The device for preparing nicotine by recycling tobacco waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the distillation tower (322) is connected to the discharge port (226) of the secondary condensation collection and heat recovery mechanism and the condensation feed port (413) of the condensation mechanism (41) through pipelines, and a liquid solenoid valve is provided between the connecting pipeline between the distillation tower (322) and the discharge port (226) of the secondary condensation collection and heat recovery mechanism, and a gas solenoid valve is provided between the connecting pipeline between the distillation tower (322) and the condensation feed port (413).

10. The device for preparing nicotine by recycling tobacco waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: A temperature measuring device is also provided at the top of the distillation tower (322) for monitoring the temperature of the steam in the distillation tower (322).

11. The device for preparing nicotine by recycling tobacco waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distillation device (3) further comprises a condensed waste liquid collector (33) arranged outside the distillation flask (321), and a waste liquid pipe (3211) penetrating the heating and insulation box (31) and communicating with the condensed waste liquid collector (33) is arranged at the bottom of the distillation flask (321), and a liquid solenoid valve is arranged on the waste liquid pipe (3211).

12. The device for preparing nicotine by recycling tobacco waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rectification and condensation device (4) further comprises a condensate collection bucket (42), wherein the condensate collection bucket (42) is connected to the bottom of the condensation chamber (412) and is used to collect condensed liquid nicotine.

13. A method for preparing nicotine from tobacco waste using the device of claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step (1), crushing tobacco waste into particles with a size of 40-60 mesh for later use; Step (2), adding the tobacco waste particles obtained in step (1) into the material storage barrel (121) from the feeding port of the pyrolysis tube (12), and then sealing the feeding port with a sealing member; Step (3), after inert gas is introduced into the pyrolysis tube (12) from the protective gas inlet (124) for 15-30 minutes, the heating mechanism of the pyrolysis device (1) is turned on, and cooling water is introduced from the first condensate inlet (212) of the primary condensation mechanism (21) and the second condensate inlet (222) of the secondary condensation collection and heat recovery mechanism (22), and the cooling water circulation is continued; Step (4) turning on the heating mechanism of the pyrolysis device (1) to heat at 350-400 degrees Celsius for 4-5 hours, and the tobacco waste particles will release pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis waste liquid containing nicotine due to the heat; Step (5), the nicotine-containing pyrolysis gas enters the primary condensation mechanism (21) through a pipeline connecting the pyrolysis gas outlet (122) of the pyrolysis tube (12) and the feed port (213) of the primary condensation mechanism for the first condensation, the condensed pyrolysis gas forms pyrolysis oil and the uncondensed pyrolysis gas flows along the primary condensation mechanism outlet (214) through a connecting pipeline between the primary condensation mechanism outlet (214) and the feed port (229) of the secondary condensation collection and heat recovery mechanism into the secondary condensation collection and heat recovery mechanism (22), wherein the pyrolysis oil is temporarily stored, the uncondensed pyrolysis gas is subjected to a second condensation in the secondary condensation collection and heat recovery mechanism (22), the condensed pyrolysis gas forms pyrolysis oil and is temporarily stored in the secondary condensation collection and heat recovery mechanism (22), and the pyrolysis gas that has not been condensed is discharged from the non-condensable gas outlet (225); Step (6), start the electric heating pad (223) to heat the pyrolysis oil in the secondary condensation collection and heat recovery mechanism (22) at 70-80 degrees Celsius to enhance the fluidity of the pyrolysis oil, then open the liquid solenoid valve, the pyrolysis oil will flow out from the secondary condensation collection and heat recovery mechanism outlet (226), and in turn through the connecting pipe between the secondary condensation collection and heat recovery mechanism outlet (226) and the top inlet of the distillation device (3), flow through the distillation tower into the distillation bottle (321); Step (7), turning on the electric heating device in the heating and insulation box (31), closing the liquid solenoid valve on the pipeline connecting the discharge port (226) of the secondary condensation collection and heat recovery mechanism and the distillation device (3), opening the gas solenoid valve on the pipeline between the distillation tower (322) and the distillation condensation device (4), heating the heat transfer oil to 200±2°C, and the heat transfer oil transfers heat to the pyrolysis oil in the distillation bottle (321), and then distills at this temperature for 1-3 hours. During the distillation process, nicotine vapor will continuously flow from the outlet at the top of the distillation tower (322), through the connecting pipeline between the distillation tower (322) and the condensation feed port (413), and enter the condensation chamber (412) of the distillation condensation device (4); Step (8), turning on the vacuum pump (5), and at the same time, under the cooling effect of the refrigerant in the refrigerant containing chamber (411), the nicotine vapor entering the condensation chamber (412) is condensed into liquid and flows into the condensate collection barrel (42) from the condensation discharge port (414), thus completing the preparation of nicotine using tobacco waste.

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