Distributed energy regulation and control method and system based on 5G network and block chain cooperation

Abstract

The invention provides a distributed energy regulation and control method and system based on 5G network and block chain collaboration, and the method comprises the steps: building an energy block chain-based IES power transaction architecture which comprises a block chain node; docking the regulation and control object with a block chain node in an IES power transaction architecture, wherein the block chain node is used for storing the smart contract subjected to security verification; constructing a distributed energy optimization scheduling model considering the 5G network and a mathematical model of a cooperative scheduling mechanism; and the intelligent contract generates a scheduling instruction according to the distributed energy optimization scheduling model and the mathematical model of the cooperative scheduling mechanism, and the scheduling instruction value is issued to the power generation and utilization unit after passing constraint condition check.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of distributed energy control, and in particular, to a distributed energy control method and system based on the collaboration of 5G network and blockchain. Background Art

[0002] The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present invention and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] With the widespread application of distributed energy (such as solar energy and wind energy), traditional distribution systems are facing a series of challenges.

[0004] First, the existing power distribution system has a high data transmission delay, which makes it difficult to make real-time decisions on energy supply and demand. This inefficiency leads to a lag in system regulation and makes it difficult to cope with rapid changes in energy demand.

[0005] Secondly, the traditional control system has the problem of information islands, and various types of energy data have not been effectively integrated, resulting in inefficient resource utilization and the inability to fully tap the potential of distributed energy.

[0006] In addition, traditional regulatory methods have serious deficiencies in data security and transparency. Energy trading data are easily tampered with or forged, and the trading process lacks an open and transparent supervision mechanism.

[0007] With the widespread application of distributed energy systems, how to efficiently, transparently and safely regulate energy has become an important challenge for the development of smart grids. Blockchain technology, with its advantages of decentralization, transparency and immutability, provides an innovative solution for the management and trading of distributed energy. Blockchain technology can not only ensure the security and transparency of energy transaction data between distributed energy nodes, but also realize the automatic execution of control instructions through smart contracts, thereby improving the overall operating efficiency of the system.

[0008] After searching, it is found that there are solutions for using blockchain to control distributed energy in the prior art. The technical problems are:

[0009] Existing blockchain scheduling faces the problems of low performance efficiency (large data volume, slow processing speed, and high energy consumption), difficulty in technical integration and lack of unified standards, security vulnerabilities and privacy leakage risks. At the same time, it has incomplete functions and limited applicability, and it is difficult to flexibly adapt to the rapid development needs of different scenarios and business systems. Summary of the invention

[0010] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides a distributed energy control method based on the collaboration of 5G network and blockchain. By introducing the high bandwidth and low latency of 5G network and the decentralization and non-tamperability of blockchain technology, the present invention realizes efficient scheduling, transparent transactions and secure data storage of distributed energy, which is suitable for smart grids, microgrids and other energy Internet systems.

[0011] To achieve the above objectives, one or more embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solutions:

[0012] First, a distributed energy control method based on the collaboration of 5G network and blockchain is disclosed, including:

[0013] Establishing IES power trading architecture based on energy blockchain, including: blockchain nodes;

[0014] Connecting the regulated object with the blockchain node in the IES power trading architecture, where the blockchain node is used to store the securely verified smart contract;

[0015] Construct a distributed energy optimization scheduling model and a mathematical model of the coordinated scheduling mechanism taking into account 5G networks;

[0016] The smart contract generates dispatch instructions based on the distributed energy optimization dispatch model and the mathematical model of the collaborative dispatch mechanism. The dispatch instruction value is issued to the power generation and consumption unit after passing the constraint condition check.

[0017] As a further technical solution, a distributed energy optimization scheduling model considering 5G networks is constructed;

[0018] The distributed energy optimization scheduling model considering 5G network includes:

[0019] Microgrid day-ahead dispatch objective function: The goal is to minimize the cost of power supply operation and maintenance, diesel power generation fuel costs, external grid interaction fees, environmental costs, and 5G base station backup energy storage dispatch fees;

[0020] Constraints in the day-ahead dispatch stage: Consider the output of diesel generators, the output of 5G base station backup energy storage, and the decision to purchase electricity from the external power grid, including power balance constraints, diesel generator power constraints and ramp constraints, power interaction constraints with the external power grid, and power and charge state constraints of 5G base station backup energy storage.

[0021] As a further technical solution, the mathematical model of the collaborative scheduling mechanism includes:

[0022] Establish a mathematical model of distributed energy system based on 5G and blockchain collaborative scheduling;

[0023] The mathematical model consists of two parts:

[0024] The first part is the energy loss of each distributed energy node;

[0025] The second part is the trade-off between the communication bandwidth and data transmission delay between nodes;

[0026] The communication bandwidth in the mathematical model is limited by physics.

[0027] As a further technical solution, in the IES power trading architecture based on the energy blockchain, users in the integrated energy system are equipped with rooftop photovoltaic equipment and can conduct retail transactions with other users when there is a surplus or shortage of electricity.

[0028] As a further technical solution, the IES power trading architecture based on energy blockchain also includes:

[0029] Line flow constraints, power trading chains between producers and consumers within microgrids, auxiliary trading chains of main grids, congestion management trading chains and the Internet;

[0030] The line flow constraint is used to constrain the power transaction chain between the blockchain node and the internal production and consumption users of the microgrid, the main network auxiliary transaction chain, and the congestion management transaction chain;

[0031] The power transaction chain between the power producers and consumers within the microgrid, the main grid auxiliary transaction chain, and the congestion management transaction chain are connected via the Internet;

[0032] The power transaction chain between producers and consumers within the microgrid is used to record transaction details between producers and consumers;

[0033] The main network auxiliary transaction chain is used to record the grid-connected transaction information of the surplus electricity of the producers and consumers;

[0034] The congestion management transaction chain is used to record transaction information that needs to be managed due to violation of power flow constraints.

[0035] As a further technical solution, the mathematical model of the collaborative scheduling mechanism is:

[0036]

[0037] Where: The objective function Z consists of two parts: the first part is the energy loss of each distributed energy node in the system, and the second part is the trade-off between the communication bandwidth and data transmission delay between nodes in the system. The weight coefficient λ is used to balance the impact of energy loss and communication delay on the overall scheduling performance of the system. i，j (t) represents the communication bandwidth between node i and node j at time t, D i，j (t) represents the data transmission delay;

[0038] The communication bandwidth should be subject to physical limitations, with the following constraints:

[0039]

[0040] Secondly, a distributed energy control system based on 5G network and blockchain collaboration was disclosed, including:

[0041] The IES power trading architecture building module is configured to: establish an IES power trading architecture based on energy blockchain, including: blockchain nodes;

[0042] Connecting the regulated object with the blockchain node in the IES power trading architecture, where the blockchain node is used to store the securely verified smart contract;

[0043] The model building module is configured to: build a distributed energy optimization scheduling model and a mathematical model of a coordinated scheduling mechanism taking into account a 5G network;

[0044] The scheduling module is configured as follows: the smart contract generates scheduling instructions based on the distributed energy optimization scheduling model and the mathematical model of the collaborative scheduling mechanism, and the scheduling instruction value is issued to the power generation and consumption unit after passing the constraint condition check.

[0045] One or more of the above technical solutions have the following beneficial effects:

[0046] In the technical solution of the present invention, the connection between the blockchain node and the control object is the basis, which ensures the security and transparency of the data; the mathematical model of the distributed energy optimization scheduling model and the collaborative scheduling mechanism jointly provide a decision-making basis for the smart contract; the smart contract uses these two models to generate scheduling instructions to ensure the efficiency and rationality of the scheduling; the constraint condition check is the last step of the scheduling instruction to ensure the validity of all instructions. The above scheme forms a closed loop, from data collection and processing to the generation and execution of instructions, forming a complete power trading and scheduling system. Among them, the energy node data is uploaded in real time through the 5G network to ensure the real-time and accuracy of the scheduling process, and significantly improve the response speed of the distributed energy system. The use of blockchain technology to record and verify transaction data prevents data tampering and fraud, and realizes the transparency and non-tamperability of energy transaction data. The introduction of smart contract automatic execution automatically completes energy scheduling according to the real-time status of the system and predetermined rules, which greatly improves the efficiency of regulation. By optimizing the scheduling model, energy loss and communication delay are minimized, ensuring that the system achieves global optimization in the energy distribution process.

[0047] The technical solution of the present invention solves the problem of information islands in traditional power distribution systems, effectively integrates various types of energy data, improves resource utilization efficiency, and enhances the security of energy transactions. Through the decentralization and non-tamperability of blockchain technology, the security and transparency of the energy trading process are guaranteed.

[0048] Advantages of additional aspects of the present invention will be given in part in the following description, and in part will become obvious from the following description, or will be learned through practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0049] The accompanying drawings in the specification, which constitute a part of the present invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute improper limitations on the present invention.

[0050] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the IES transaction architecture based on blockchain in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the source load unit and the nodes and organizations in the blockchain according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a distributed energy scheduling process based on blockchain in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of feasibility analysis of combining blockchain with distributed energy control in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 5 This is a framework diagram of a 5G network real-time communication system in the present invention;

[0055] Figure 6 This is a flow chart of a distributed economic dispatch algorithm considering generator constraints based on consistency theory according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 7 The figure is a flow chart of the overall method of an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0057] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are exemplary and are intended to provide further explanation of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs.

[0058] It should be noted that the terms used herein are for describing specific embodiments only and are not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the present invention.

[0059] In the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features of the embodiments may be combined with each other.

[0060] With the widespread application of distributed energy systems, how to efficiently, transparently and safely regulate energy has become an important challenge for the development of smart grids. Blockchain technology, with its advantages of decentralization, transparency and immutability, provides an innovative solution for the management and trading of distributed energy. Blockchain technology can not only ensure the security and transparency of energy transaction data between distributed energy nodes, but also realize the automatic execution of control instructions through smart contracts, thereby improving the overall operating efficiency of the system.

[0061] The rapid development of 5G technology has provided new solutions for distributed energy control systems. With its high bandwidth, low latency and wide coverage, 5G networks enable each node in the distributed energy system to communicate in real time and efficiently, thereby improving the response speed and accuracy of energy dispatch. At the same time, blockchain technology, as a decentralized distributed ledger technology, can effectively solve the problem of data tampering. Blockchain ensures the transparency and immutability of energy transaction data through encryption technology and consensus mechanism, and realizes automated energy dispatch and economic settlement through smart contracts. This collaborative control mode combining 5G and blockchain can effectively improve the overall efficiency and security of the energy system, especially in the real-time dispatch and transaction of distributed energy.

[0062] Therefore, the distributed energy control method based on 5G technology and blockchain technology can not only solve the inefficiency, information islands and security problems in existing technologies, but also realize real-time optimal scheduling and efficient utilization of energy, and promote the further development of smart grids and distribution systems.

[0063] The blockchain consists of blocks connected in time series, each of which contains a block header and a block body. The hash value of the previous block is connected to the next one, forming a chain structure. The Merkle root establishes a connection between the block header and the body to ensure the rapid verification of transaction data. The decentralization and transparency of the blockchain are consistent with the open sharing concept of the energy Internet, and the two are combined to form energy blockchain technology. This technology uses asymmetric encrypted blocks linked by timestamps to verify the basic data of energy nodes (such as electricity, oil, gas, and energy storage), promotes efficient coordination of transaction information through a consensus mechanism, and smart contracts realize automated economic settlement, optimizing the collaborative interaction of energy, value, and information flows.

[0064] Embodiment 1

[0065] See attached Figure 7 As shown, this embodiment discloses a distributed energy control method based on 5G network and blockchain collaboration, including the following steps:

[0066] The overall data processing flow of the distributed energy control method based on the collaboration of 5G network and blockchain is as follows:

[0067] Data collection: Each distributed energy node (such as solar panels, wind turbines, etc.) uploads its operating status (power generation, load conditions, etc.) to the system in real time through the 5G network.

[0068] Data Verification: The uploaded data is securely verified on the blockchain to ensure the authenticity and integrity of the data.

[0069] Smart contract execution: Based on the verified data, the smart contract generates scheduling instructions and calculates the optimal energy allocation according to predetermined rules.

[0070] Dispatch instructions are issued: Dispatch instructions that have passed constraint checks are issued to each power generation and consumption unit to ensure that the instructions comply with the physical limitations of the system.

[0071] Real-time monitoring and feedback: The system monitors the status of each node in real time, collects feedback data, and ensures the real-time and accuracy of the control process.

[0072] Result recording and optimization: Transaction and scheduling results are recorded on the blockchain to ensure transparency and immutability, while providing data support for subsequent system optimization.

[0073] In order to implement the above method, the distributed energy power trading architecture based on blockchain technology is introduced next;

[0074] In view of the high frequency and small volume of electricity transactions in the integrated energy system (Integrated Energy System) containing distributed energy, the introduction of blockchain technology can improve transaction efficiency and ensure data security.

[0075] In this implementation example, an IES power trading architecture based on the energy blockchain is proposed. It is assumed that all users in the IES are equipped with rooftop photovoltaic equipment and can conduct retail transactions with other users when there is a surplus or shortage of electricity. This architecture gives priority to the internal photovoltaic power consumption, that is, excess capacity is sold to power-deficient users at a price higher than the grid purchase price, and when there is a power shortage, it is purchased at a price lower than the grid price. Users who still cannot balance after the transaction will settle with the external network at a fixed price. In addition, the use of solar power generation brings environmental benefits, but the main grid needs to cooperate to adjust power fluctuations.

[0076] Therefore, the main network auxiliary transaction mechanism is integrated into the architecture design, and the flow constraint problem of electricity as a special commodity is taken into consideration. Figure 1 The blockchain-based microgrid power trading architecture is demonstrated.

[0077] Blockchain C1 stores securely verified smart contracts, which are dedicated to ensuring that transactions comply with power flow constraints and are independent chains. C2 records transaction details between producers and consumers. C3 records transactions of surplus power connected to the grid by producers and consumers. C4 records transactions that need to be managed due to violations of power flow constraints. C5 acts as a bridge, connecting C2 to C4.

[0078] The implementation of distributed energy control based on blockchain mainly includes the following steps:

[0079] Step (1) Docking the regulated objects with the blockchain nodes; the regulated objects include: Rooftop photovoltaic users: households or units with solar power generation equipment installed, which can produce and consume electricity. Electricity consumers: users who need electricity, which may be other households or commercial users, who will purchase electricity from photovoltaic users. Grid: the traditional power supply network that provides electricity to users in the case of insufficient electricity and serves as an external network for transactions. Mainnet: the main grid that assists electricity transactions, responsible for regulating electricity fluctuations and ensuring the stability of the system. Trading platform or smart contract: the blockchain node used to execute and record transactions to ensure that transactions comply with power flow restrictions.

[0080] Step (2) designing the world state of the control object in the blockchain;

[0081] The design of the world state of the regulated object in the blockchain mainly includes the following aspects:

[0082] User identity and authority management: Define the identity information of each regulated object (such as PV users, consumers, main grid, etc.), including encryption information such as public key and private key, as well as corresponding access rights and roles (for example, producer, consumer, trader, etc.).

[0083] Transaction records: Record the transaction history of each regulated object, including information such as the time, participants, transaction volume and price of each transaction to ensure transparency and traceability.

[0084] Power status: Maintain the power status of each user, including current power generation, consumption, remaining power storage, and transaction balance, etc. This information can reflect the user's energy status in real time.

[0085] Contract status: stores the status of smart contracts related to the regulated objects, including the execution of the contract, agreed terms, and whether it complies with the flow constraints.

[0086] Market price information: Update and store market price information, including current grid purchase price, retail price, and transaction price between users, etc., to facilitate dynamic pricing and transactions.

[0087] Power flow constraint information: records the power flow constraint conditions involved in power transactions, including restrictions on power flow, network capacity and load conditions, etc., to ensure the effectiveness and security of transactions.

[0088] State update mechanism: Design a state update mechanism to ensure that when the state of the regulated object changes (such as power changes, transaction completion, etc.), the relevant information can be updated to the blockchain in a timely manner.

[0089] Through the above design, blockchain can effectively reflect and manage the real-time status of the regulated objects, ensuring the efficiency, security and transparency of electricity transactions.

[0090] Step (3) Design of distributed energy control related programs within smart contracts, including:

[0091] Build a scheduling model, including:

[0092] Optimal dispatch model: Based on linear programming (LP) or mixed integer linear programming (MILP), it is used to minimize costs or maximize benefits, taking into account factors such as generation, demand response and trading.

[0093] Collaborative scheduling model: Design a collaborative scheduling mechanism among multiple users to achieve optimal allocation of resources and ensure the balance of power supply and demand among users.

[0094] Algorithm design, including:

[0095] Market mechanism algorithm: Determine transaction price and transaction volume through auction mechanism or market equilibrium algorithm to promote fair transactions between users.

[0096] Dynamic pricing algorithm: Dynamically adjust electricity trading prices based on real-time supply and demand conditions and market prices to encourage users to trade in different time periods.

[0097] Prediction algorithms: Use machine learning or time series analysis to predict future electricity demand and PV generation to optimize scheduling decisions.

[0098] Control steps:

[0099] State monitoring: Real-time monitoring of the power generation, consumption and storage status of each regulated object, and transmission of information to smart contracts through sensors and data acquisition systems.

[0100] Transaction request processing: After the user initiates a transaction request, the smart contract processes it according to the current status and preset rules, verifies whether the transaction is legal, and generates corresponding transaction instructions.

[0101] Contract execution: After the transaction is confirmed, the smart contract is automatically executed, updating the status of the blockchain, recording the transaction results, and notifying relevant users.

[0102] Constraint checking: During the scheduling execution process, the smart contract needs to check the power flow constraints and other restrictions in real time to ensure that the transaction does not cause system instability.

[0103] Feedback mechanism: Based on transaction results and system status, smart contracts can generate feedback information to help users understand transaction effects and make subsequent adjustments.

[0104] In this implementation example, the connection between the regulated object and the blockchain node is as follows:

[0105] Step (1): The unit characteristics in the power system are different, and the Hyperledger Fabric platform realizes node equality. However, the node attributes are divided by organizations, channels, etc. in the platform. Nodes belong to specific organizations, channels can be established between organizations, and nodes within an organization can submit and store only relevant data in the channel. Analogous to the power system, its components should be distinguished, and the use of channels can both protect data privacy and reduce the burden on nodes. Figure 2 The correspondence between distributed energy regulation and blockchain nodes in the power system is demonstrated.

[0106] Docking steps:

[0107] Node registration: The regulated object (such as photovoltaic users, electricity users, etc.) must first be registered as a node on the Hyperledger Fabric platform. Each regulated object will obtain a unique identity (such as a public key).

[0108] Organization and channel division: The regulated objects are classified into specific organizations. Different organizations and channels are set up according to the characteristics and needs of the power system to facilitate management and data isolation.

[0109] Channel establishment: Nodes within the same organization can establish channels, and regulated objects submit transaction requests and data through these channels. The data in the channel is only visible to the nodes participating in the channel, thereby protecting data privacy.

[0110] Smart contract deployment: In the blockchain network, deploy smart contracts related to the regulated objects. These contracts will define transaction rules, scheduling strategies and constraints.

[0111] Data interaction: Data interaction between the regulated object and the blockchain node, including real-time uploading of power production and consumption data, and receiving dispatch instructions and transaction confirmations.

[0112] Status update: Whenever a transaction occurs or the system status changes, the regulated object needs to update its status information in a timely manner and store and verify it through the blockchain node.

[0113] Relationship with distributed energy power trading architecture based on blockchain technology

[0114] Data security and transparency: The connection between the regulated object and the blockchain node ensures the security and transparency of transaction data. Through blockchain technology, all transaction records are immutable, which enhances users' trust in power transactions.

[0115] Efficient transaction processing: Through smart contracts, transactions can be processed automatically, reducing manual intervention and improving transaction efficiency. This is consistent with the goal of blockchain-based power trading architecture, which aims to optimize resource allocation.

[0116] Privacy protection: Through the channel mechanism, the data privacy of the regulated object can be effectively protected, and only relevant participants can access specific data, which matches the privacy needs of different users in the power system.

[0117] Flexible architecture design:

[0118] By leveraging the flexibility of Hyperledger Fabric, the settings of organizations and channels can be dynamically adjusted according to changes in the power system to adapt to changing market demands and technological advances.

[0119] Through these docking steps, the regulated objects can effectively participate in the distributed energy power trading architecture based on blockchain and realize efficient, secure and transparent power trading.

[0120] After connecting the Hyperledger Fabric platform to the power system unit, it is necessary to study the implementation of the dispatch target in the blockchain. Traditional blockchain nodes pursue transaction goals, involving auctions or games. However, the power system requires instant execution of dispatch instructions without waiting or gaming.

[0121] Therefore, when designing a Hyperledger Fabric smart contract, it is necessary to ensure that after receiving the scheduling data, instructions are immediately generated and executed according to the rules, that is, data is collected and sorted within a limited time, and instructions are formed and issued. Figure 3 The distributed economic scheduling process based on blockchain is demonstrated.

[0122] Data collected includes:

[0123] Power production data: real-time power generation, historical power generation data, and equipment status (such as faults and maintenance status) from various regulated objects (such as photovoltaic users).

[0124] Electricity consumption data: The electricity demand of each user, including real-time electricity consumption, predicted electricity demand, and historical electricity consumption data.

[0125] Market price information: current transaction prices in the electricity market, quotations between users, and grid purchase prices, etc. Flow constraint information: load conditions of the power system, network capacity, flow restrictions, etc., to ensure that physical constraints are met during dispatch.

[0126] User status information: user's transaction status, credit rating, contract execution status, etc., to ensure that the user's reliability is considered when instructions are generated.

[0127] Organize data, including:

[0128] Data integration: Integrate data from different control objects and systems into a unified data format for subsequent processing. Data format standardization technology (such as JSON, XML, etc.) can be used.

[0129] Data filtering and cleaning: Clean the collected data to remove invalid or erroneous data and ensure that only valid and up-to-date information is used for scheduling decisions.

[0130] Data analysis: Analyze the integrated data to identify trends in power generation and consumption, generate forecast models, and assess the current balance of power supply and demand.

[0131] Formation Instructions

[0132] Formulate dispatch rules: Design dispatch rules based on the dispatch strategy of the power system (such as priority, cost-effectiveness, environmental protection requirements, etc.) to guide instruction generation.

[0133] Instruction generation algorithm: Use optimization algorithms (such as linear programming, dynamic programming, etc.) to generate dispatch instructions based on the collected and organized data. These instructions should include: the dispatched power generation and power consumption. The dispatch time and duration. The transaction price or compensation mechanism.

[0134] Instruction encoding and issuance: The generated scheduling instructions are encoded into a format that can be understood by the smart contract, and immediately issued to the corresponding control objects through the blockchain node to achieve instant execution.

[0135] Step (2): Design of the world state of the regulated object in the blockchain:

[0136] Blockchain is a distributed database that integrates distributed storage, peer-to-peer transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption and smart contracts. It enables multiple parties to jointly maintain data to ensure security and commercial fairness. Based on distributed consensus, network transmission, cryptography and timestamps, blockchain creates an immutable data ledger and executes application logic through smart contracts. As a new type of distributed database, blockchain effectively protects multi-party relationships and prevents data tampering and malicious destruction.

[0137] like Figure 4,Blockchain technology provides IES with decentralization, collective maintenance, smart contracts and information security, improving its economic efficiency and service quality.

[0138] IES dispatch aims to ensure system safety, reliability and power quality while maximizing operational benefits. This requires efficient power generation to reduce costs, efficient transmission and distribution to reduce network losses, and fair distribution of active power to minimize primary energy consumption and carbon emissions under unit and network constraints. Factors such as power generation constraints, policy subsidies, and economic efficiency of power purchases also need to be considered. In addition, IES uses communication technology to quickly respond to changes in market electricity prices and loads, improve the freedom and flexibility of the electricity market, and help consumers with peak load regulation and frequency regulation.

[0139] In step (2), the result of the design of the world state of the regulated object in the blockchain is mainly to form a clear, traceable and real-time updated state model, which specifically includes the following aspects:

[0140] User status information: Identity information: The identity of each regulated object, including public key, organizational affiliation, etc. Roles and permissions: Define the role of each user in the system (such as generator, consumer) and their corresponding access rights.

[0141] Transaction status information: Transaction records: record detailed information of all historical transactions, including transaction time, participants, transaction volume and price, etc. Real-time transaction status: reflects the status of current unfinished transactions, ensuring that all users can understand the progress of transactions in a timely manner.

[0142] Power status information: Real-time power generation: the current power generation capacity and real-time power generation of each power generation user. Real-time power consumption: the power demand and real-time power consumption of each consumer. Energy storage status: the power status and charging and discharging status of the energy storage device.

[0143] Contract status information: Smart contract execution status: records the current status of the smart contract, including whether the contract is activated, the execution status, and whether the agreed conditions are met.

[0144] Market and price information: Current market price: Real-time update of transaction price in the power market and grid purchase price. Price fluctuation information: Record the trend of price changes to facilitate future dispatch decisions.

[0145] System status information: Power flow constraint information: record the physical constraints of the power system, including network load, capacity limit, etc. System health status: monitor the health status of each node in the system to ensure stable operation of the system

[0146] Step (3): Design of distributed energy control related programs within smart contracts:

[0147] As a highly secure database, the function of blockchain is limited when it comes to simple storage, so smart contracts are introduced to expand application scenarios. In distributed energy scheduling, the smart contracts of the Hyperledger Fabric platform generate instruction values ​​based on scheduling data and rules (such as economic scheduling functions). Smart contract design covers programs such as security verification, initialization, data reading and writing, and economic scheduling iterative calculations. The economic scheduling program performs iterative calculations based on the distributed algorithm of consistency theory, and requires the writing of data reading and writing programs to read parameters or store results from the blockchain. The iterative process of economic scheduling considering unit constraints is as follows: Figure 5 shown.

[0148] Specific content of scheduling data

[0149] Real-time power generation data: real-time power generation information of each regulated object (such as rooftop photovoltaic users), including current power generation capacity and historical power generation records.

[0150] Real-time electricity consumption data: Real-time electricity demand of each user, including current power consumption and predicted future demand.

[0151] Electricity surplus or shortage information: The user's electricity surplus (i.e., power generation exceeds demand) or shortage (i.e., demand exceeds power generation) during a specific time period.

[0152] Market price information: current transaction prices in the electricity market, including the purchase price of the power grid and the transaction price between users.

[0153] Flow constraint information: The physical limitations and flow constraints of the network ensure that the dispatch instructions comply with the operating constraints of the power system.

[0154] User status information: each user’s credit rating, contract execution status, historical transaction records, etc.

[0155] Policy and subsidy information: relevant information on policy subsidies, electricity purchase economics, and other factors that affect dispatch decisions.

[0156] Data Source

[0157] The sources of these scheduling data mainly include:

[0158] Sensors and monitoring equipment of regulated objects: collect power generation and consumption data in real time and directly interact with blockchain nodes for data exchange.

[0159] Historical data within the blockchain network: Read past transaction records and user status information from the blockchain to ensure that scheduling decisions are based on a comprehensive data view.

[0160] Market information platform: obtain real-time market price and flow constraint information through external market information system.

[0161] Relationship with previous technical treatment

[0162] Data integration and update: The collection, collation and real-time update of scheduling data are the foundation established by the previous steps (such as the connection between the regulated objects and the blockchain nodes and the design of the world state). Through these steps, all participants are ensured to have access to the latest and accurate data.

[0163] Execution basis of smart contracts: Scheduling data is the core basis for smart contracts to generate scheduling instructions. Smart contracts perform logical processing based on these data and preset scheduling rules (such as economic scheduling functions) to generate specific scheduling instructions.

[0164] Security and transparency of the system: Through blockchain technology, the immutability and transparency of scheduling data ensure that every user and regulated object can trust the scheduling results of the system, reducing potential disputes and unfair transactions.

[0165] When implementing security verification: Input: User identity information (such as public key, digital signature). Transaction request or instruction (such as electricity transaction, scheduling request). Current contract status and rights.

[0166] Processing: Verify the legitimacy of the user's identity and ensure that the operation is initiated by an authorized user. Check whether the transaction request complies with the current contract terms and conditions. If the verification passes, continue to execute; if not, reject the request and return an error message.

[0167] Output: Verification result (pass or fail). Possible error message or status update returned.

[0168] Initialization: Input: System startup parameters (such as initial power, user settings, etc.). The initial state of the contract (such as initial allocation, default settings, etc.).

[0169] Processing: Set the initial state of the smart contract, including all necessary parameters and variables. Initialize data structures, such as storing user information, transaction records, etc.

[0170] Output: Confirmation of the initial state of the contract. Possible return status log or event notification.

[0171] When reading or writing data, input: the data identifier to be read or written (such as user ID, transaction ID) and the type of read or write request (read, update, delete, etc.).

[0172] Processing: Read relevant data from the blockchain or write new data to the blockchain based on the request type. Verify and record the write operation to ensure data consistency.

[0173] Output: Read data (such as current power, transaction records, etc.). Confirmation information or status update of write operation.

[0174] Economic dispatch iterative calculation

[0175] Input: Current power generation and consumption data (such as real-time power generation and demand). Market price information and power flow constraints. Parameters of the economic dispatch algorithm (such as cost function and constraints).

[0176] Processing: Execute economic scheduling algorithms (such as linear programming, dynamic programming, etc.) and perform iterative calculations based on input data. Evaluate the cost-effectiveness of different scheduling solutions and determine the optimal scheduling solution. Update the scheduling status and record the calculation process.

[0177] Output: Optimal dispatch instructions (such as power generation allocation, transaction price). Logs of calculation results and status updates.

[0178] Safety verification is a key link in power system dispatching, ensuring that the command value is issued to the power generation and consumption unit only after passing the constraint condition check. If the command value may cause grid instability, the dispatching data needs to be adjusted until physical constraints are met, such as line flow, power balance, and frequency range. Before the blockchain system is started and the smart contract is not called, the program needs to be initialized to set the world state of the generator, line, etc., to provide a basis for subsequent economic dispatch. In economic dispatch, the smart contract generates instructions based on the dispatching data and rules, and is optimized through iterative calculations to ensure that all constraints are met.

[0179] Regarding the distributed energy optimization scheduling model considering 5G networks:

[0180] In order to ensure the stable operation of the microgrid and achieve the goal, a dispatch plan needs to be formulated for the output unit. The day-ahead dispatch is based on the load and distributed renewable energy forecast values, aiming to minimize the operating cost of the microgrid and take into account environmental benefits. The hourly dispatch of each output unit is planned on a 24-hour cycle. Renewable energy such as wind power and photovoltaic power is given priority, and its utilization rate is improved by generating as much as possible while meeting the power limit of the external power grid interaction.

[0181] This model is a blockchain scheduling model. 5G has the characteristics of low latency and high bandwidth, which can make blockchain scheduling faster and more sensitive, and the scheduling data transmission is larger, so the loss is smaller.

[0182] Objective function: The day-ahead dispatch of microgrids aims to optimize economic efficiency, and its costs include power supply operation and maintenance, diesel power generation fuel costs, external grid interaction fees, environmental costs, and 5G base station backup energy storage dispatch fees.

[0183] minC1=C Yw +C GRH +C PF +CF +C RFS (1)

[0184] Where: C YW is the operation and maintenance cost of each power supply, C GRH is the cost of interacting with the external power grid, C PF is the fuel cost of the diesel generator, C F Environmental costs caused by diesel generators emitting pollutants, C RFS for 5G Dispatch cost of base station backup energy storage.

[0185] Operation and maintenance costs of each power supply

[0186]

[0187] Where: C PV , C WT , and C DE are the operation and maintenance costs per unit power of photovoltaic, wind power and diesel generator respectively, and T1 is the total scheduling period of day-ahead scheduling.

[0188] Fuel costs for diesel generators

[0189]

[0190] In the formula, C fuel is the fuel cost, P PF (t) is the real-time power of the diesel generator.

[0191] Dispatch cost of 5G base station backup energy storage

[0192] A certain fee should be paid for dispatching the 5G base station backup energy storage. Here, the economic compensation for the 5G base station backup energy storage is made based on the charging and discharging power of the base station backup energy storage, as follows:

[0193]

[0194] Where: C b It is the dispatch cost coefficient of 5G base station backup energy storage.

[0195] Environmental costs of diesel generators

[0196] The use of diesel generators to generate electricity will cause pollutant emissions and have adverse effects on the environment:

[0197]

[0198]

[0199] Where: C e The environmental cost of diesel generators per unit output. and The units are CO, SO2, and NO respectively. x The environmental costs of emissions, and They are CO2 and NO produced by diesel generators per unit output. x Emissions.

[0200] External grid interaction fee

[0201]

[0202] Where: c g is the day-ahead electricity price of the external power grid during period t, P gb (t) is the power purchased from the microgrid and the external grid, P gs (t) is the power sold to the external power grid.

[0203] Constraints:

[0204] The constraints in the day-ahead dispatch stage mainly consider the output of diesel generators, the output of 5G base station backup energy storage, and the decision to purchase electricity from the external power grid, including power balance constraints, power generation constraints and ramp constraints of diesel generators, power constraints for interaction with the external power grid, and power and charge state constraints of 5G base station backup energy storage:

[0205] (1) Power balance constraints:

[0206] P pr (t)+P wr (t)+P de (t)+P gb (t)+P bes，d (t) = P load (t)+P bes，f (t)+P gs (t) (7)

[0207] Where: P load (t) is the power load in the microgrid.

[0208] (2) Output constraints of diesel generators

[0209] 0≤P de (t)≤P de，max (8)

[0210] Where: P de，max It is the maximum power generation of the diesel generator.

[0211] (3) Climbing constraints of diesel generators

[0212] |P de (t)-P de(t-1)|≤ΔP max (9)

[0213] Where: ΔP max It is the maximum climbing output of the diesel generator.

[0214] (4) 5G base station backup energy storage constraints:

[0215] The 5G base station backup energy storage constraints mainly include state of charge constraints, charge and discharge power, and charge and discharge state constraints:

[0216]

[0217]

[0218] P bes，c (1) P bes，d (1) = 0 (12)

[0219] SOC b，min (t)≤SOC(t)≤SOC max (13) Where: and They are the maximum values ​​of charging and discharging power of 5G base station backup energy storage. b，min (t) and SOC max They are respectively the upper and lower limits of the 5G base station backup energy storage charge state.

[0220] The model is specifically used for:

[0221] Real-time data collection and transmission

[0222] Low latency: 5G networks provide low-latency data transmission and support real-time monitoring and data collection. The scheduling model can instantly obtain the power generation and consumption data of each regulated object to ensure that decisions are based on the latest information.

[0223] High bandwidth support: 5G's high bandwidth capability allows large amounts of data to be transmitted simultaneously, adapting to the high-frequency data exchange needs of multiple users and multiple devices.

[0224] Dynamic Scheduling Decisions

[0225] Adaptive scheduling: Using the real-time feedback capability of 5G networks, the scheduling model can dynamically adjust power generation and consumption plans and quickly respond to changes in market electricity prices and loads.

[0226] Distributed algorithm: The scheduling model can design an optimization solution based on a distributed algorithm, allowing each control object to participate in the scheduling decision and improve overall efficiency.

[0227] Demand Response Management

[0228] Through the 5G network, the scheduling model can realize real-time user participation. Users can adjust their electricity consumption strategies according to electricity price signals and optimize the overall load curve.

[0229] The relationship between the above model and smart contracts

[0230] a. Data-driven contract execution

[0231] Real-time data input: Real-time data generated by the scheduling model (such as electricity demand, market price, etc.) can be used as input for smart contracts to drive the execution of the contract.

[0232] Conditional triggering: Smart contracts can set conditions (such as specific electricity prices or load levels) and execute corresponding instructions based on the calculation results of the scheduling model.

[0233] b. Implementation of smart contract rules

[0234] Contract logic application: The results of the scheduling model (such as the best scheduling plan) can be automatically executed through smart contracts to ensure that all transactions and scheduling behaviors follow preset rules.

[0235] Contract scheduling instructions: Smart contracts can generate specific scheduling instructions based on the output of the scheduling model, instructing the power generation and consumption behavior of each regulated object.

[0236] c. Feedback and optimization mechanism

[0237] Result feedback: The results of smart contract execution (such as transaction success or failure, scheduling effect) can be fed back to the scheduling model to optimize future scheduling decisions and contract logic.

[0238] Iterative learning: Combined with the real-time nature of 5G networks, scheduling models and smart contracts can form a feedback loop to continuously optimize scheduling strategies and contract rules.

[0239] The distributed energy optimization dispatch model taking into account 5G networks improves the flexibility and efficiency of the power system through real-time data collection, dynamic decision-making and demand response. Smart contracts play a key role in executing rules, automating dispatch instructions and feedback results in this process. The two work together to achieve efficient and safe distributed energy management.

[0240] (5) Interaction constraints with external power grid:

[0241] The power purchased and sold from the external power grid should meet the power limit of the tie line and the constraints of the power purchase and sale status:

[0242] 0≤P gb (t)≤P g，max (14)

[0243] 0≤P gs(1)≤P g，max (15)

[0244] P gb (t)·P gs (t) = 0 (16)

[0245] Where: P g，max It is the upper limit of the interaction power between the microgrid and the external grid.

[0246] Design of 5G and blockchain collaborative scheduling mechanism in distributed energy system:

[0247] The development of distributed energy systems has put forward higher requirements for energy production, transmission, consumption and other aspects. Among them, efficient energy scheduling is the key to ensure the efficient operation of energy systems. The distributed energy control system based on blockchain technology needs to rely on the high-speed communication capability of 5G to achieve real-time and accurate energy management on the basis of ensuring data transparency, security and distributed decision-making. Through the coordinated operation of 5G network and blockchain technology, the delay problem of data transmission can be effectively solved, and the transmission and distribution path of energy can be optimized. In this context, designing a scheduling mechanism based on the collaboration of 5G and blockchain can not only improve the overall control capability of the system, but also further reduce the loss in the energy scheduling process and achieve global optimization of the system.

[0248] On establishing a collaborative scheduling mechanism framework for 5G and blockchain

[0249] The collaborative scheduling mechanism consists of multiple key modules, including energy node management module, data transmission module, blockchain recording module, consensus mechanism module, scheduling optimization module, and user interface module. Through the high bandwidth and low latency characteristics of the 5G network, each distributed energy node, such as solar power stations, wind turbines, and energy storage systems, can transmit status information in real time and send energy allocation requests. Blockchain technology ensures the transparency and immutability of energy transactions and data, and verifies each transaction through a consensus mechanism. At the same time, the 5G network ensures the real-time transmission of transaction data and the synchronous update of the ledger. Based on smart contracts, the system can automatically execute energy scheduling rules, quickly respond to the latest node status, and achieve scheduling optimization by introducing an optimization objective function, as follows:

[0250]

[0251] In the formula, is the power generation of the ith node at time t, is the load of the ith node at time t, is the energy loss of the node. The objective function is the loss objective function.

[0252] Energy scheduling rules include the following aspects:

[0253] Priority scheduling rules: Automatically adjust energy distribution according to the priorities of different energy nodes (such as renewable energy has a higher priority than traditional energy).

[0254] Demand response rules: Dynamically adjust energy distribution based on real-time load demand (such as user peak electricity consumption) to meet user needs.

[0255] Energy storage management rules: When there is excess electricity, the excess energy is stored in the energy storage system; when there is insufficient electricity, energy is released from the energy storage system first.

[0256] Price mechanism rules: Automatically adjust energy sales and purchase strategies based on market electricity price fluctuations to optimize economic benefits.

[0257] Environmental impact rules: Prioritize the use of environmentally friendly energy sources such as solar and wind power to reduce carbon emissions.

[0258] Mathematical Model of Cooperative Scheduling Mechanism

[0259] The distributed energy system based on 5G and blockchain collaborative scheduling can be described by the following mathematical model:

[0260]

[0261] Where: The objective function Z consists of two parts: the first part is the energy loss of each distributed energy node in the system, and the second part is the trade-off between the communication bandwidth and data transmission delay between nodes in the system. The weight coefficient λ is used to balance the impact of energy loss and communication delay on the overall scheduling performance of the system. i，j (t) represents the communication bandwidth between node i and node j at time t, D i，j (t) represents the data transmission delay.

[0262] The communication bandwidth should be subject to physical limitations, with the following constraints:

[0263]

[0264] The mathematical model of the above cooperative scheduling mechanism can be utilized in practice through the following steps:

[0265] 1. Model construction and data collection

[0266] Data collection: The power generation, load, communication bandwidth, transmission delay and other data of each distributed energy node are collected in real time through the 5G network.

[0267] Parameter definition: Clarify the power generation capacity, load demand, energy loss and communication characteristics of each node to provide the necessary input parameters for the model.

[0268] 2. Optimize goal setting

[0269] Objective function definition: Determine the optimization goal based on the objective function in the mathematical model, focusing on the balance between energy loss and communication delay.

[0270] Weight adjustment: Adjust the weight coefficient according to system requirements and actual conditions to reflect the importance of energy loss and communication delay.

[0271] 3. Application of Constraints

[0272] Physical limitations: Ensure that communication bandwidth usage does not exceed physical limitations

[0273] Other constraints: Other constraints may need to be considered based on actual needs, such as the maximum power generation capacity and minimum load requirement of each node.

[0274] 4. Optimization algorithm selection

[0275] Algorithm integration: Select appropriate optimization algorithms (such as linear programming, genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization, etc.) to optimize the objective function.

[0276] Iterative solution: Through the iterative process, the power generation and load strategies of each node are continuously adjusted to find the optimal solution.

[0277] Implementation steps of the collaborative scheduling mechanism:

[0278] Through the 5G network, each distributed node can report its status information in real time, including power generation, load conditions, and equipment health. Blockchain technology ensures the transparency and immutability of this data. Each energy transaction is verified through a smart contract, and the high-speed transmission of the 5G network ensures the real-time nature of this process. After the transaction verification is completed, the status information and ledger of each node will be automatically updated synchronously throughout the network. On this basis, the smart contract will trigger the system's scheduling algorithm based on the latest node status and transaction data. On top of the established scheduling model, the algorithm can choose a heuristic algorithm (such as a particle swarm algorithm, etc.) or a hybrid linear integer programming algorithm (commercial solver. Such as cplex, gurobi, etc.), and use the low latency characteristics of the 5G network to quickly make optimization decisions, thereby achieving real-time adjustment and optimization of power generation and load distribution at each node.

[0279] After status information (such as power generation, load conditions, and equipment health) is reported, the subsequent processing steps can be divided into the following key links:

[0280] 1. Data reception and storage

[0281] Data reception: Through the 5G network, the system receives status information uploaded by each distributed energy node in real time.

[0282] Data storage: The received data is stored in the distributed ledger of the blockchain to ensure the transparency and immutability of the data.

[0283] 2. Data verification and consistency check

[0284] Data verification: Using the consensus mechanism of blockchain, we ensure that each reported data is valid and authentic. This process can prevent data tampering and fraud.

[0285] Consistency check: Compare the data uploaded by different nodes to ensure the consistency of data within the system and detect abnormal situations in a timely manner.

[0286] 3. Status information analysis

[0287] Real-time analysis: Real-time analysis of reported data to identify changes in power generation capacity, load demand, and equipment health.

[0288] Anomaly detection: Use machine learning or data analysis algorithms to detect whether an abnormal state (such as equipment failure or performance degradation) exists.

[0289] 4. Scheduling algorithm trigger

[0290] Smart contract triggering: Based on the latest status information, the smart contract will automatically trigger the scheduling algorithm and calculate the optimal energy allocation plan.

[0291] Optimizing decisions: Scheduling algorithms use optimization objective functions (such as minimizing energy loss and minimizing communication delay) to make decisions quickly.

[0292] 5. Scheduling instruction execution

[0293] Generate dispatch instructions: Generate specific dispatch instructions based on the optimization results, instructing each node to make corresponding power generation or load adjustments.

[0294] Instruction issuance: The dispatching instructions are issued to each energy node in real time through the 5G network.

[0295] When using 5G network, the transmission objects include: various distributed energy nodes: such as solar power stations, wind turbines, energy storage devices, etc.

[0296] Scheduling system: A central system or computing platform responsible for receiving data and making decisions.

[0297] Transmission content includes: Status information: including real-time data such as power generation, load conditions, and equipment health status of each node. Scheduling instructions: specific scheduling instructions generated by the system based on optimization decisions, instructing each node on how to adjust power generation or load. Feedback information: status update information returned by the node after executing the scheduling, which is used to monitor the execution effect and further optimize.

[0298] The exemplary technical solution of this embodiment is a distributed energy control system and method based on the coordinated optimization of 5G network and blockchain technology, which aims to address the problems of poor real-time performance, data isolation, and insufficient security in the current distributed energy system. This method combines the high speed and low latency characteristics of the 5G network with the decentralization and immutability of blockchain technology, and innovatively realizes the efficient scheduling and secure transactions of distributed energy systems.

[0299] First, a real-time communication system with multiple distributed energy nodes was established using the 5G network. Figure 5 The following is a framework diagram of the real-time communication system. Each energy node (such as photovoltaic power generation, wind power generation, energy storage device, etc.) uploads its operating status, power generation and other data in real time through the 5G network to ensure the real-time and accuracy of the system during the scheduling process. Compared with traditional communication methods, 5G technology can effectively reduce the delay problem in data transmission and significantly improve the response speed of the energy system. Secondly, blockchain technology is applied to the transaction and data management of distributed energy. Through the distributed ledger of the blockchain, the energy transaction data between nodes can be securely and transparently recorded and verified, preventing data tampering and fraud.

[0300] The real-time communication system with multiple distributed energy nodes established by 5G network can include the following main parts:

[0301] 1. Distributed energy nodes: Photovoltaic power generation nodes: responsible for the collection and conversion of solar energy. Wind power generation nodes: responsible for the capture and conversion of wind energy. Energy storage devices: such as battery storage systems, responsible for storing excess energy and providing energy when needed. Load equipment: electrical equipment or systems, terminals that consume energy.

[0302] 2.5G communication network, including: Base station: provides 5G signal coverage and connects distributed nodes with the central dispatching system. Core network: responsible for data routing and management to ensure fast transmission of information.

[0303] 3. Central dispatch system, including: Data receiving module: receiving status information and data from each node. Data analysis module: real-time analysis of node status and decision support. Optimization dispatch algorithm: generating optimization dispatch instructions based on real-time data.

[0304] 4. Blockchain management system, including: Distributed ledger: records the transaction and status information of all nodes to ensure transparency and non-tamperability. Smart contract: automatically executes transaction and scheduling rules to ensure the implementation of contract terms.

[0305] 5. User Interface

[0306] Monitoring panel: provides users with real-time monitoring and management functions, displaying system status and transaction information.

[0307] On this basis, the present invention realizes automatic energy scheduling according to the real-time status of the system and predetermined rules through the automated execution of smart contracts, which greatly improves the control efficiency and is one of the innovations of the present invention.

[0308] Finally, the present invention proposes an optimization scheduling model based on the collaboration of 5G network and blockchain technology, which includes the objective functions of minimizing energy loss and communication delay. The optimization model automatically calculates and executes scheduling instructions through smart contracts to ensure that the system achieves global optimization in the energy allocation process.

[0309] Embodiment 2

[0310] The purpose of this embodiment is to provide a computer device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the steps of the above method when executing the program.

[0311] Embodiment 3

[0312] The purpose of this embodiment is to provide a computer-readable storage medium.

[0313] A computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, which executes the steps of the above method when executed by a processor.

[0314] Embodiment 4

[0315] The purpose of this embodiment is to provide a distributed energy control system based on the collaboration of 5G network and blockchain, including:

[0316] The IES power trading architecture building module is configured to: establish an IES power trading architecture based on energy blockchain, including: blockchain nodes;

[0317] Connecting the regulated object with the blockchain node in the IES power trading architecture, where the blockchain node is used to store the securely verified smart contract;

[0318] The model building module is configured to: build a distributed energy optimization scheduling model and a mathematical model of a coordinated scheduling mechanism taking into account a 5G network;

[0319] The scheduling module is configured as follows: the smart contract generates scheduling instructions based on the distributed energy optimization scheduling model and the mathematical model of the collaborative scheduling mechanism, and the scheduling instruction value is issued to the power generation and consumption unit after passing the constraint condition check.

[0320] Embodiment 5

[0321] The purpose of this embodiment is to provide a computer program product containing instructions, which, when running on a computer, enables the computer to execute the methods and functions involved in any of the above embodiments.

[0322] The steps involved in the apparatus of the above embodiment correspond to the method embodiment 1, and the specific implementation method can refer to the relevant description part of embodiment 1. The term "computer-readable storage medium" should be understood as a single medium or multiple media including one or more instruction sets; it should also be understood to include any medium that can store, encode or carry an instruction set for execution by a processor and enable the processor to execute any method in the present invention.

[0323] Those skilled in the art should understand that the modules or steps of the present invention described above can be implemented by a general-purpose computer device, or alternatively, they can be implemented by a program code executable by a computing device, so that they can be stored in a storage device and executed by the computing device, or they can be made into individual integrated circuit modules, or multiple modules or steps therein can be made into a single integrated circuit module for implementation. The present invention is not limited to any specific combination of hardware and software.

[0324] Although the above describes the specific implementation mode of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications or variations that can be made by those skilled in the art on the basis of the technical solution of the present invention without creative work are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A distributed energy control method based on the collaboration of 5G network and blockchain, characterized by: include: Establishing IES power trading architecture based on energy blockchain, including: blockchain nodes; Connecting the regulated object with the blockchain node in the IES power trading architecture, where the blockchain node is used to store the securely verified smart contract; Construct a distributed energy optimization scheduling model and a mathematical model of the coordinated scheduling mechanism taking into account 5G networks; The smart contract generates dispatch instructions based on the distributed energy optimization dispatch model and the mathematical model of the collaborative dispatch mechanism. The dispatch instruction value is issued to the power generation and consumption unit after passing the constraint condition check.

2. The distributed energy control method based on 5G network and blockchain collaboration as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: Construct a distributed energy optimization scheduling model taking into account 5G networks; The distributed energy optimization scheduling model considering 5G network includes: Microgrid day-ahead dispatch objective function: The goal is to minimize the cost of power supply operation and maintenance, diesel power generation fuel costs, external grid interaction fees, environmental costs, and 5G base station backup energy storage dispatch fees; Constraints in the day-ahead dispatch stage: Consider the output of diesel generators, the output of 5G base station backup energy storage, and the decision to purchase electricity from the external power grid, including power balance constraints, diesel generator power constraints and ramp constraints, power interaction constraints with the external power grid, and power and charge state constraints of 5G base station backup energy storage.

3. The distributed energy control method based on 5G network and blockchain collaboration as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: The mathematical model of the collaborative scheduling mechanism includes: Establish a mathematical model of distributed energy system based on 5G and blockchain collaborative scheduling; The mathematical model consists of two parts: The first part is the energy loss of each distributed energy node; The second part is the trade-off between the communication bandwidth and data transmission delay between nodes; The communication bandwidth in the mathematical model is limited by physics.

4. The distributed energy control method based on 5G network and blockchain collaboration as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: In the IES power trading architecture based on the energy blockchain, users in the integrated energy system are equipped with rooftop photovoltaic equipment and can conduct retail transactions with other users when there is a surplus or shortage of electricity.

5. The distributed energy control method based on 5G network and blockchain collaboration as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: The IES power trading architecture based on energy blockchain also includes: Line flow constraints, power trading chains between producers and consumers within microgrids, auxiliary trading chains of main grids, congestion management trading chains and the Internet; The line flow constraint is used to constrain the power transaction chain between the blockchain node and the internal production and consumption users of the microgrid, the main network auxiliary transaction chain, and the congestion management transaction chain; The power transaction chain between the power producers and consumers within the microgrid, the main grid auxiliary transaction chain, and the congestion management transaction chain are connected via the Internet; The power transaction chain between producers and consumers within the microgrid is used to record transaction details between producers and consumers; The main network auxiliary transaction chain is used to record the grid-connected transaction information of the surplus electricity of the producers and consumers; The congestion management transaction chain is used to record transaction information that needs to be managed due to violation of power flow constraints.

6. The distributed energy control method based on 5G network and blockchain collaboration as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: The mathematical model of the collaborative scheduling mechanism is: Where: The objective function Z consists of two parts: the first part is the energy loss of each distributed energy node in the system, and the second part is the trade-off between the communication bandwidth and data transmission delay between nodes in the system. The weight coefficient λ is used to balance the impact of energy loss and communication delay on the overall scheduling performance of the system. i，j (t) represents the communication bandwidth between node i and node j at time t, D i，j (t) represents the data transmission delay; The communication bandwidth should be subject to physical limitations, with the following constraints:

7. The distributed energy control system based on 5G network and blockchain collaboration is characterized by: include: The IES power trading architecture building module is configured to: establish an IES power trading architecture based on energy blockchain, including: blockchain nodes; Connecting the regulated object with the blockchain node in the IES power trading architecture, where the blockchain node is used to store the securely verified smart contract; The model building module is configured to: build a distributed energy optimization scheduling model and a mathematical model of a coordinated scheduling mechanism taking into account a 5G network; The scheduling module is configured as follows: the smart contract generates scheduling instructions based on the distributed energy optimization scheduling model and the mathematical model of the collaborative scheduling mechanism, and the scheduling instruction value is issued to the power generation and consumption unit after passing the constraint condition check.

8. A computer program product, comprising a computer program, characterized in that When the computer program is executed by a processor, the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 is implemented.

9. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that: When the processor executes the program, the steps of the method described in any one of claims 1 to 6 are implemented.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the program is executed by a processor, the steps of the method described in any one of claims 1 to 6 are performed.

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