Intelligent control device integrating vehicle body electric appliance and power supply distribution

Abstract

The invention discloses an intelligent control device integrating vehicle body electric appliances and power distribution. The system comprises a core control module, a power input and switching module, a power distribution module, a vehicle body electric appliance interface module, a communication module, a sensor module, a man-machine interaction module and the like. The core control module coordinates execution of each task, the power supply module can intelligently switch and distribute, the interface module adapts to communication of various electrical equipment, the communication module supports remote interaction and upgrading, the sensor module guarantees safe operation, and the man-machine interaction interface is convenient to operate. By adopting innovative designs such as an intelligent self-adaptive power distribution algorithm and a fault prediction active protection mechanism, the system has the advantages of improving the power utilization efficiency, enhancing the reliability, realizing flexible function configuration and energy recycling and the like, and can effectively improve the performance and the use experience of a vehicle electric appliance system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of automobile electronics, and in particular to an intelligent control device integrating vehicle body electrical appliances and power distribution. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, the automobile industry has experienced rapid development. Vehicles are no longer just simple means of transportation, but are constantly moving towards intelligence, comfort and multi-functionality. Correspondingly, the number of various electrical devices equipped in cars is increasing, and the functions are becoming more and more complex. From traditional basic electrical appliances such as lights, wipers, and radios, they have gradually expanded to today's rich and diverse electrical equipment including in-car navigation, multimedia entertainment systems, automatic air conditioning, intelligent seat adjustment, and many safety auxiliary devices. While these electrical devices improve the driving experience, they also put forward higher requirements for the vehicle's electrical management system.

[0003] However, most of the traditional vehicle body electrical control and power distribution methods are relatively backward. In terms of control, multiple independent and decentralized control units are often used to manage different electrical equipment. There is a lack of efficient and unified coordination mechanism between the control units, which is prone to problems such as poor communication and poor compatibility, making it difficult for electrical equipment to work well together, affecting overall operating efficiency. In terms of power distribution, most of them are based on fixed line connections and simple switching modes, lacking flexibility, and unable to dynamically adjust the power distribution strategy according to the vehicle's real-time power demand and different working conditions (such as starting, driving, idling, parking, etc.). This not only makes the power utilization efficiency low, but also may affect the life of electrical equipment due to unreasonable power supply conditions, and even cause hidden dangers such as insufficient power supply or overload.

[0004] In addition, traditional automotive electrical systems also have obvious deficiencies in terms of reliability and scalability. Fault handling is usually passive, and can only be detected and repaired after the fault occurs. It is difficult to predict potential fault risks in advance and take proactive preventive measures, which undoubtedly increases the possibility of safety problems caused by electrical faults during driving. Moreover, since each part is relatively independent and scattered, it occupies a large space in the car and has complex wiring. If new electrical equipment is to be added or the functions of existing equipment are to be expanded in the future, it is often necessary to make major changes to the entire circuit system, involving complex wiring adjustments and hardware replacements. The operability and versatility are poor, and it is difficult to meet the ever-changing needs of the current development of automotive intelligence. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an intelligent control device integrating vehicle body electrical appliances and power distribution, aiming to achieve the following functions and advantages:

[0006] Centralized and efficient control of numerous electrical devices in the vehicle body is carried out, and coordinated work among various electrical devices is achieved through a unified control platform, thus improving the overall operating efficiency and compatibility of the vehicle's electrical system.

[0007] It can dynamically and intelligently allocate power according to the real-time power demand of the vehicle body electrical appliances and different operating conditions of the vehicle, improve power utilization efficiency, extend battery life, and ensure stable and reliable power supply for various electrical equipment.

[0008] It has a fault prediction and active protection mechanism to identify potential fault risk points in advance, take corresponding measures to avoid faults, and enhance the reliability and safety of the vehicle's electrical system.

[0009] It realizes integrated design, reduces space occupied in the car, simplifies wiring complexity, and allows car owners or maintenance personnel to flexibly configure electrical functional characteristics and power distribution rules through software-defined functions, thereby improving the versatility and scalability of the device.

[0010] The innovative integration of energy recovery and reuse functions further improves the comprehensive energy utilization efficiency of the vehicle, which meets the current demand for energy conservation and environmental protection.

[0011] Technical Solution

[0012] The intelligent control device integrating vehicle body electrical appliances and power distribution of the present invention mainly includes the following core modules and corresponding technical solutions:

[0013] Core control module

[0014] A high-performance microcontroller (multi-core processor based on ARM architecture) is used as the control core, with a built-in real-time operating system (RTOS). Multiple tasks are created according to the priorities of different electrical equipment control tasks, and the tasks are executed in an orderly and concurrent manner through the task scheduling mechanism of RTOS. For example, tasks related to vehicle safety are set to the highest priority, tasks related to the comfort system are set to the medium priority, and non-critical tasks such as ambient lighting are set to the low priority, ensuring that the system can respond quickly and accurately to various needs.

[0015] Power input interface and switching circuit

[0016] Multiple power input interfaces of different specifications are set up to connect to different power sources such as the vehicle's main battery, backup battery, and external charging equipment. The intelligent power switching circuit (composed of a power switching chip combined with the control logic of a microcontroller) monitors the status of each power source in real time, and automatically selects the optimal power source based on preset priorities and power levels. For example, when the main battery voltage is insufficient, it seamlessly switches to the backup battery, and when an external charging device is connected, it can control the charging process to ensure charging safety and battery health.

[0017] Power Distribution Module

[0018] Power distribution is achieved by using an intelligent power distribution chip (IPD) combined with a relay matrix. The IPD chip can detect and regulate the output current and voltage of each channel with high precision, and distribute power according to the needs of different electrical equipment, such as providing stable 5V DC for the car navigation system, distributing appropriate 12V DC for the window lift motor on demand and dynamically adjusting the current; the relay matrix is ​​responsible for the switch control of the high-power circuit, and the core control module controls its on and off according to the use requirements, ensuring the safe and reliable power management of high-power loads.

[0019] Body electrical interface module

[0020] It is equipped with rich interfaces, including CAN bus interface for connecting body control modules and engine control units that support CAN protocol to realize data interaction and coordination; LIN bus interface for connecting simple electrical appliances such as rearview mirror adjustment motors; analog input and output interface for connecting analog signal devices such as temperature and light sensors and air-conditioning air volume adjustment motors; digital input and output interface for processing digital signals such as door switches, button operations and turn signal control, so as to fully be compatible with the communication and control needs of various body electrical equipment.

[0021] Communication Module

[0022] It integrates Bluetooth and Wi-Fi communication functions. Bluetooth allows car owners to remotely view and control the status of the vehicle's electrical appliances through a mobile phone APP; Wi-Fi is used to connect to the cloud server, upload electrical appliance data for analysis and diagnosis, and receive software update instructions to achieve remote firmware upgrades. At the same time, a 4G / 5G communication module interface is reserved to facilitate later expansion to adapt to a wider range of vehicle networking application scenarios.

[0023] Sensor Module

[0024] Various sensors are integrated inside and around the device, such as temperature sensors that monitor the device temperature and start cooling when the temperature exceeds the limit. Current and voltage sensors are distributed throughout the power distribution lines to monitor electrical parameters in real time, triggering protection mechanisms and providing fault feedback when an abnormality occurs. Vibration sensors detect vehicle collisions and, in the event of an abnormal collision, not only trigger the safety system but also back up key data, ensuring the safe operation of the device and vehicle in all aspects.

[0025] Human-computer interaction interface

[0026] The touch display screen is designed to be installed near the driving seat. It displays the electrical status and power distribution through a graphical interface, and supports touch and voice interactive operations. Car owners can intuitively and conveniently control various electrical devices manually or by voice, improving operational convenience and driving safety.

[0027] Beneficial Effects

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the intelligent control device of the present invention has the following significant beneficial effects:

[0029] 1. Adopting intelligent adaptive power distribution algorithm based on machine learning, by collecting power consumption data under different working conditions to learn and generate the optimal distribution strategy, it can dynamically adjust the power supply of electrical appliances, improve power utilization efficiency while ensuring normal operation, and effectively reduce energy consumption and extend battery life compared with traditional fixed or simple threshold distribution methods. For example, the power of non-critical electrical appliances can be flexibly adjusted according to actual usage during vehicle driving to achieve energy saving.

[0030] 2. Combining big data analysis and artificial intelligence fault diagnosis technology, it can predict potential faults in advance, compare real-time data with historical faults and normal operation data, use machine learning models to identify risks, and take proactive measures such as switching circuits, adjusting working modes, and reminding maintenance. It changes the passive response mode of traditional devices to faults, greatly improves the reliability and safety of the vehicle's electrical system, and reduces driving inconvenience and maintenance costs caused by faults.

[0031] 3. The highly integrated vehicle body electrical control and power distribution saves space in the vehicle, reduces wiring complexity, communication delays and failure points. And with the help of software-defined functions, car owners or maintenance personnel can flexibly configure electrical functions and power distribution rules without replacing hardware. Whether adding new electrical equipment or expanding the functions of existing equipment, it is more convenient, enhancing the versatility and scalability of the device, which is better than the traditional decentralized control and distribution method.

[0032] 4. Innovatively integrate a simple energy recovery circuit to recover some electrical energy when the vehicle brakes and redistribute it to suitable electrical appliances as needed, such as powering low-power electronic devices in the vehicle, further improving the comprehensive utilization efficiency of vehicle energy. This is a function that traditional body electrical appliances and power distribution control devices usually do not have, and is in line with the development trend of environmental protection and energy conservation.

[0033] In summary, the intelligent control device of the present invention effectively solves many problems existing in the existing vehicle electrical systems through its unique technical solution and innovative functional design, improves the overall performance and user experience of the vehicle, and has good application prospects and promotion value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only for the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0035] Figure 1A schematic diagram of the overall system architecture of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the core control module flow of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a power input and switching circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the vehicle body electrical interface connection according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the communication module structure of an embodiment of the present invention DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. At the same time, it is explained here that in order to make the embodiments more detailed, the following embodiments are the best and preferred embodiments, and those skilled in the art may also adopt other alternatives to implement some known technologies; and the accompanying drawings are only for more specific description of the embodiments, and are not intended to specifically limit the present invention.

[0041] It should be noted that the references to "one embodiment", "an embodiment", "an exemplary embodiment", "some embodiments" and the like in the specification indicate that the embodiments described may include specific features, structures or characteristics, but not every embodiment may include the specific features, structures or characteristics. In addition, when a specific feature, structure or characteristic is described in conjunction with an embodiment, it should be within the knowledge of a person skilled in the art to implement such feature, structure or characteristic in conjunction with other embodiments (whether or not explicitly described).

[0042] like Figures 1 to 5 Shown

[0043] Implementation of the core control module

[0044] Hardware selection and construction

[0045] Choose a suitable high-performance microcontroller, such as STMicroelectronics' STM32H7 series ARM architecture multi-core processor, which has a high main frequency (up to 480MHz) and rich peripheral interfaces, which is sufficient to cope with complex body electrical control and power distribution tasks. Solder the microcontroller on a customized printed circuit board (PCB) to ensure that its power supply circuit is stable and reliable. Use a multi-layer PCB design and reduce the impact of electromagnetic interference on the operation of the microcontroller through reasonable wiring planning. At the same time, equip it with an external high-speed static random access memory (SRAM) and flash memory (Flash) of sufficient capacity to meet the operation and storage requirements of the operating system and various control programs. For example, an external 1MB SRAM and 2MB Flash are convenient for storing a large amount of electrical equipment operating parameters, fault diagnosis data, power distribution strategy and other information.

[0046] Real-time operating system (RTOS) porting and configuration

[0047] Select an open source real-time operating system that is widely used in the embedded field, such as FreeRTOS, and port it to the selected microcontroller. During the porting process, the kernel parameters of the RTOS are carefully configured according to the hardware resources of the microcontroller and the functional requirements of the device, such as setting the task stack size, the number of task priorities, the timer beat frequency, etc. For the body electrical control tasks, create multiple tasks with different priorities. For example, set the tasks related to vehicle safety (such as airbag control tasks, anti-lock braking system (ABS) collaborative tasks, etc.) to the highest priority to ensure that they can respond in the shortest time; set the tasks related to the body comfort system (such as air conditioning temperature adjustment, seat heating control, etc.) to medium priority; and set tasks with relatively low real-time requirements such as interior atmosphere light control to lower priority. Through the task scheduling mechanism of RTOS, the orderly concurrent execution of each task is realized to ensure the efficient and stable operation of the entire system.

[0048] Control program writing and logic implementation

[0049] Use C or C++ programming language to write control programs. According to the modular programming idea, encapsulate the codes of different functions into functions and modules. For example, write the power management module function, which is responsible for interacting with the power distribution module, obtaining the power status information of each branch, and judging whether the power distribution strategy needs to be adjusted according to the preset rules; write the electrical equipment control module function, communicate with the vehicle body electrical appliances through different interfaces (CAN bus, LIN bus, analog and digital interfaces, etc.), receive the status feedback of the electrical equipment, and send control instructions. In terms of logical implementation, when receiving the temperature rise signal from the sensor module, the air conditioning control module in the control program will calculate the appropriate cooling power demand according to the preset temperature adjustment curve, and coordinate with the power distribution module to ensure that sufficient power is allocated to the air conditioning compressor and fan to realize the temperature adjustment function in the vehicle; for example, when the vehicle starts, the control program distributes power to key electrical equipment such as the engine control unit, instrument panel display system, and in-vehicle entertainment system in turn according to the predefined startup sequence, and monitors whether its startup process is normal. Once an abnormal situation occurs (such as a device startup timeout), a fault alarm is immediately issued and corresponding emergency measures are taken.

[0050] 2. Implementation Methods of Power Input Interface and Switching Circuit

[0051] Interface design and circuit layout

[0052] Three power input interfaces of different specifications are designed on the device housing, which are used to connect the vehicle's main battery (using a standard car battery interface, adapted to a 12V DC power supply, and can withstand a maximum current of 100A), a backup battery (also a 12V DC interface, but with an independent charging control circuit, with a maximum current carrying capacity of 50A) and an external charging device (designed as a universal Type-C interface, supporting multiple charging protocols, with an input voltage range of 5V-20V and a maximum current of 30A). On the PCB, the corresponding protection circuits are arranged around these interfaces, including overvoltage protection diodes (such as using a TVS diode with a withstand voltage of 30V to prevent the input voltage from being too high to damage the subsequent circuit), overcurrent protection fuses (according to the maximum current carrying value of each interface, a fuse with a suitable rated current is selected, such as a 100A slow-blow fuse at the main battery interface) and filter capacitors (multiple ceramic capacitors and electrolytic capacitors with different capacitances are connected in parallel on the power line of each interface to filter out high-frequency clutter and low-frequency ripple in the power supply and improve the purity of the power supply).

[0053] Intelligent power switching circuit implementation

[0054] A dedicated power switching chip (such as the TPS2115 dual-power automatic switching chip from Texas Instruments (TI)) is combined with the control logic of a microcontroller to build an intelligent power switching circuit. The chip has two power input pins and one power output pin. The main battery and the backup battery are connected to the two input pins of the chip respectively, and its output pin is connected to the power bus inside the device. By comparing the voltage conditions of the two input power supplies, the chip defaults to the main battery for power supply. When the main battery voltage drops below a preset threshold (such as 10.5V, the threshold can be set by the external resistor divider circuit of the chip), it automatically and seamlessly switches to the backup battery for power supply. At the same time, the microcontroller monitors the status pin of the power switching chip and the voltage on the power bus to grasp the current power supply status in real time, and when necessary (such as when the backup battery power is too low), it controls the charging circuit of the external charging device to start the charging process or send a low power prompt message to the owner to remind the owner to charge in time or check the vehicle power system. When an external charging device is connected, when the vehicle is parked and connected to an external charging pile or other charging device, the microcontroller will control the charging circuit to charge the battery with an appropriate charging current and voltage based on the battery power status feedback from the battery management system. During the charging process, parameters such as the charging voltage, current, and battery temperature are monitored in real time to prevent abnormal conditions such as overcharging and overheating, thereby ensuring charging safety and battery life.

[0055] 3. Implementation Method of Power Distribution Module

[0056] Intelligent Power Distribution (IPD) Application

[0057] The BQ769X0 series intelligent battery management and power distribution chip from Texas Instruments (TI) is selected. The chip is designed for multi-string lithium-ion battery packs and complex power distribution scenarios, and has high-precision voltage and current detection functions and multiple independently configurable power output channels. The input power (12V DC power from the power switching circuit output) is connected to the power input pin of the chip, and then the output voltage, current limit and switch control logic of each output channel are set through the chip's configuration register according to the different requirements of the vehicle body electrical equipment. For example, for the in-vehicle navigation system, one output channel is configured as a 5V DC output with a maximum output current limit of 2A. A step-down DC-DC conversion circuit (using a high-efficiency synchronous step-down chip, such as the MP2307 chip) is connected to the corresponding pin of the chip to convert the 12V power supply into a stable 5V power supply for the navigation system. For the window lift motor, another output channel is configured as a 12V DC output. The maximum output current can be dynamically adjusted according to the different working conditions of motor startup and normal operation. At the moment of motor startup, a larger starting current (such as about 10A) is allowed to be provided for a short time, and when the motor is operating normally, the current is limited to less than 5A. This dynamic adjustment function is achieved through the current control circuit inside the chip combined with the instructions of the microcontroller to prevent motor overload and overheating damage caused by long-term high-current operation.

[0058] Relay Matrix Design and Control

[0059] Construct a relay matrix consisting of multiple relays, and select automotive-grade relays with high reliability and low contact resistance (such as Omron's G5V series relays). The input side of the relay matrix is ​​connected to the output channels of the power distribution chip and some high-power branches directly from the power bus (such as car headlights, wiper motors and other high-power loads), and the output side is connected to the corresponding body electrical equipment. The microcontroller controls the relay matrix by controlling the relay drive circuit (using Darlington tube array chips, such as ULN2803 chips as relay drive chips, which can provide sufficient drive current and voltage to control the contact and disconnection of the relay). For example, when the owner turns on the car headlight switch, the microcontroller receives the headlight turn-on signal from the button in the car or the CAN bus, and sends a high-level signal to the relay drive circuit corresponding to the headlight branch in the relay matrix, driving the relay to close, thereby connecting the power to the headlight and turning on the headlight; when the vehicle is turned off or the headlight is turned off, the microcontroller sends a low-level signal to disconnect the relay and cut off the power supply to the headlight. During the control process, the microcontroller also monitors the status feedback signal of the relay in real time (by connecting an auxiliary contact in parallel at both ends of the relay to feed back its status to the digital input pin of the microcontroller) to ensure the normal operation of the relay. If the relay fails to close or disconnect, a fault alarm message will be issued in time.

[0060] 4. Implementation Method of Body Electrical Interface Module

[0061] CAN bus interface implementation

[0062] The CAN bus controller chip (such as NXP's SJA1000 chip) and the CAN bus transceiver chip (such as TJA1050 chip) that comply with the ISO11898 standard are integrated on the device PCB to form a CAN bus interface circuit. The two signal lines (CAN_H and CAN_L) of the CAN bus interface are led out to the interface of the device shell through twisted pair cables to connect with other body control modules, engine control units and other devices in the vehicle that support the CAN protocol. In terms of software, the microcontroller realizes the CAN bus data receiving and sending functions by configuring the working mode (such as normal mode, sleep mode, etc.) of the CAN bus controller chip, the baud rate (according to the standard setting of the vehicle network, usually 500kbps or 1Mbps), and the receiving and sending buffer size and other parameters. For example, when the engine control unit sends real-time data such as the current engine speed and water temperature through the CAN bus, the CAN bus interface of the device receives this data, and the relevant modules in the control program parse and process it. On the one hand, the engine-related data can be displayed on the human-computer interaction interface for the owner to view. On the other hand, the power distribution and control strategies of some electrical equipment that works with the engine (such as the cooling fan speed is adjusted accordingly according to the water temperature) can be adjusted based on this data.

[0063] LIN bus interface settings

[0064] A dedicated LIN bus transceiver chip (such as the TLE7259G chip from Texas Instruments (TI)) is used to build a LIN bus interface. The chip converts the general input and output pin (GPIO) signal of the microcontroller into a level signal that complies with the LIN bus specification for transmission and reception. The LIN bus interface circuit is reasonably laid out on the PCB, and the LIN bus signal line is led out to the device shell interface, and connected to simple electrical devices in the car that use LIN bus communication, such as the rearview mirror adjustment motor and the door lock motor. The microcontroller configures the corresponding GPIO pins as LIN bus function pins, and writes a communication program according to the communication protocol of the LIN bus (such as the master-slave communication mode, frame format, etc.), to achieve control and status monitoring of these electrical devices. For example, when the car owner operates the rearview mirror adjustment button in the car, the button signal is transmitted to the device through the LIN bus. After the microcontroller receives and analyzes the signal, it allocates the corresponding power to the rearview mirror adjustment motor through the power distribution module, and controls the forward and reverse rotation of the motor according to the instructions to realize the rearview mirror angle adjustment function; at the same time, the position sensor on the motor will feedback the current rearview mirror position information to the microcontroller, and then transmit it back to the control button in the car through the LIN bus, so that the indicator light on the button can correctly display the current position status of the rearview mirror.

[0065] Analog and digital interface configuration

[0066] Multiple analog input and output interfaces and digital input and output interfaces are reserved. The analog input interface uses a high-precision analog-to-digital converter (ADC) chip (such as the ADS1115 chip of Texas Instruments (TI), which has a 16-bit resolution and can accurately collect analog signals) to connect to the microcontroller, and is used to connect devices that output analog signals such as in-car temperature sensors and light sensors. The analog output interface is implemented through a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) chip (such as the DAC8532 chip), and can be used to control some electrical devices that require analog signal adjustment, such as the air volume adjustment motor of the air conditioner (by outputting different analog voltage values ​​to control the motor speed, and then adjust the air volume). The digital input interface is directly connected to the GPIO pin of the microcontroller to receive digital signals such as the door switch status and the button operation in the car; the digital output interface also uses the GPIO pin to control the digital signal output electrical devices such as the flashing of the turn signal and the lighting of the warning light in the car by configuring the output level of the pin. In software programming, for the analog interface, write the ADC and DAC drivers and the corresponding signal acquisition and processing functions to ensure that the sensor signals can be accurately collected and the appropriate control analog signals can be output; for the digital interface, write the GPIO pin initialization, level reading and setting functions to achieve accurate input and output control of digital signals.

[0067] 5. Implementation Methods of Communication Module

[0068] Bluetooth communication function implementation

[0069] A chip module with integrated Bluetooth function (such as Nordic's nRF52832 Bluetooth chip) is used to connect it to the microcontroller through the SPI or UART interface to achieve data interaction. In terms of software, a Bluetooth communication protocol stack and corresponding application layer programs are developed based on the software development kit (SDK) of the Bluetooth chip. The car owner can pair and connect with the device's Bluetooth module through a dedicated APP installed on the mobile phone (the corresponding version of the APP is developed through the software development tools of the Android or iOS platform). After the connection is successful, the APP interface can display the status information of the body electrical equipment in real time (such as whether each car light is on, the battery power percentage, etc.), and the car owner can also send control commands through the virtual buttons on the APP operation interface (such as remotely turning on or off the air conditioner in the car, adjusting the audio volume, etc.). In order to ensure the stability and security of Bluetooth communication, a suitable encryption algorithm (such as the AES encryption algorithm) is used to encrypt the transmitted data to prevent the data from being illegally stolen or tampered with. At the same time, a connection timeout mechanism, reconnection mechanism and signal strength monitoring mechanism are set for Bluetooth communication. When the Bluetooth connection is abnormally disconnected or the signal is weak, the car owner is promptly reminded to reconnect or adjust the distance between the mobile phone and the device to ensure smooth communication.

[0070] Wi-Fi communication module construction and application

[0071] A Wi-Fi module that supports the IEEE802.11b / g / n standard (such as the ESP8266 chip from Espressif) is selected and integrated into the device, and communicates with the microcontroller through the UART interface. When the device is started, the Wi-Fi module automatically searches for available Wi-Fi networks around it and tries to connect according to the preset configuration information (such as preferentially connecting to the vehicle's onboard Wi-Fi hotspot or the owner's home Wi-Fi network, etc.). After the connection is successful, on the one hand, the relevant data of the vehicle body electrical appliances (such as the real-time power consumption, operating time, fault records, etc. of each electrical device) are uploaded to the cloud server through the TCP / IP protocol. The cloud server can store and analyze these data and provide a web or mobile interface for remote viewing and diagnosis for the owner or maintenance personnel; on the other hand, the microcontroller can receive software update instructions from the cloud through the Wi-Fi module. After downloading the latest firmware program, the device is remotely upgraded according to the preset upgrade process (such as first performing a firmware integrity check, then backing up the original firmware, erasing the old firmware, and writing the new firmware, etc.) to achieve function optimization and vulnerability repair. During the communication process, the error control mechanism in the network communication protocol (such as checksum, retransmission mechanism, etc.) is used to ensure the accuracy of data transmission. At the same time, a network connection status monitoring function is set. When the Wi-Fi network is abnormally disconnected or the signal is unstable, the network is switched in time or an attempt is made to reconnect to ensure the continuity of data transmission.

[0072] Reserved 4G / 5G communication module interface design

[0073] A universal M.2 interface or MiniPCI-E interface is reserved on the device PCB, so that a 4G / 5G communication module (such as Huawei's ME909s series 4G module or Quectel's RM500Q series 5G module) can be easily inserted later to achieve high-speed wireless communication function expansion. The corresponding power pins, reset pins, communication pins (such as UART, USB and other interface pins) and antenna interfaces are reserved around the interface to ensure that the communication module can stably obtain power supply, perform reset operations, and communicate data with the microcontroller after insertion, and can be connected to a suitable antenna to achieve good wireless signal reception and transmission. At the software level, a driver framework that adapts to different communication modules is written in advance. When a specific communication module is inserted, only simple configuration and driver loading according to the module model is required to quickly enable the 4G / 5G communication function, meeting the higher-speed and wider data transmission requirements in the future Internet of Vehicles scenario, such as realizing real-time data interaction between vehicles and remote traffic management centers, and real-time download and update of high-definition maps.

[0074] 6. Implementation Methods of Sensor Module

[0075] Temperature sensor placement and application

[0076] Multiple negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistor temperature sensors (such as EPCOS B57560G1103F000 NTC sensor) are installed near the key heating components inside the device (such as power distribution chip, microcontroller, etc.) and on the inner surface of the device shell. These temperature sensors are connected to the ADC analog input pin of the microcontroller through a voltage divider circuit. When the ambient temperature inside the component or device changes, the resistance of the NTC sensor changes accordingly, which in turn causes the voltage value output by the voltage divider circuit to change. The microcontroller collects the voltage signal through the ADC and calculates the corresponding temperature value based on the pre-calibrated temperature-voltage relationship curve. Once it is detected that the temperature exceeds the preset safety threshold (such as for the sensor near the power distribution chip, when the temperature is higher than 80℃), the microcontroller immediately starts the cooling fan control program, controls the digital output pin connected to the cooling fan to output a high level, and drives the cooling fan to operate for cooling; at the same time, the alarm message of excessive temperature is displayed on the human-computer interaction interface to remind the owner to pay attention to the working temperature of the device. If the temperature continues to rise abnormally, the communication module can also send fault warning information to the remote maintenance platform for timely maintenance.

[0077] Current and voltage sensor applications

[0078] High-precision Hall effect current sensors (such as Allegro Micro Systems' ACS712 series current sensors, which can measure DC currents of different ranges) and voltage sensors (using voltage divider voltage sensors, such as voltage detection circuits based on high-precision resistor voltage divider networks combined with operational amplifiers) are installed on each branch of the power distribution module (including lines connecting different electrical devices and power input and output lines, etc.). The current sensor and voltage sensor convert the detected current and voltage analog signals into corresponding voltage output signals, which are respectively connected to the ADC analog input pins of the microcontroller. The microcontroller collects the output signals of these sensors at regular intervals, and uses digital filtering algorithms (such as arithmetic mean filtering, median filtering, etc.) to filter the collected data, remove noise interference, and obtain accurate current and voltage values. When it is detected that the current of a branch exceeds the preset overload current threshold (such as the normal working current of an electrical device is 3A, and the overload threshold is set to 5A) or the voltage fluctuation exceeds the normal range (such as the normal supply voltage is 12V, and the allowable fluctuation range is set to ±10%, that is, 10.8V-13.2V is considered abnormal), the microcontroller immediately determines that the power supply is abnormal. On the one hand, the corresponding relay or power chip channel in the power distribution module is controlled to cut off the power supply of the branch in time to prevent damage to the electrical equipment or safety hazards caused by overcurrent, overvoltage and other problems; on the other hand, the fault information (including the fault branch number, specific current, voltage abnormality values, etc.) is recorded and stored in the local flash memory, and the fault information is sent to the owner's mobile phone APP and the remote vehicle maintenance management platform through the communication module (such as Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, etc.), so that the maintenance personnel can quickly and accurately understand the fault situation, and prepare maintenance tools and spare parts in advance for targeted maintenance. In addition, the human-computer interaction interface will also inform the owner of the current power abnormality in a striking way (such as a flashing red fault indicator light, pop-up window prompts, etc.), reminding the owner to avoid continuing to use the relevant electrical equipment.

[0079] Vibration sensor integration and function realization

[0080] A piezoelectric vibration sensor (such as an ADXL345 digital acceleration sensor, which has high sensitivity and can detect small vibration changes) is installed at a suitable position inside the device housing, and the sensor is connected to the microcontroller through an I2C bus interface. During normal driving of the vehicle, the microcontroller reads the acceleration data output by the vibration sensor through the I2C bus at a certain sampling frequency (such as collecting sensor data once every 10 milliseconds), and uses a built-in algorithm (such as an algorithm based on a combination of threshold judgment and waveform analysis) to analyze and process the collected data to distinguish between vibrations in normal driving (such as vibrations caused by bumps on the road) and vibrations caused by abnormal impacts. When abnormal impact vibration is detected (for example, the acceleration value instantly exceeds the preset impact threshold, which can be set to a certain gravity acceleration multiple, such as above 5g, based on the actual vehicle collision test data), the microcontroller will not only transmit the impact signal to the vehicle airbag and other related safety systems to trigger their operation according to the normal process, but will also quickly start the data protection program to back up the key data currently stored in the device (such as the real-time operating parameters of each electrical equipment, recent fault records, power distribution strategy, etc.) to a special non-volatile storage area in the device (such as using ferroelectric random access memory, which has the characteristics of fast reading and writing speeds and no data loss during power failure), to prevent the loss of these important data due to power failure or damage to the device caused by the impact, which would affect the subsequent analysis of the cause of the accident and vehicle repair and recovery.

[0081] VII. Implementation Methods of Human-Computer Interaction Interface

[0082] Touch screen hardware selection and installation

[0083] Choose a small touch screen with high resolution, high contrast, good viewing angle and anti-interference ability suitable for the in-car environment, such as a 7-inch capacitive touch liquid crystal display (LCD), whose resolution can reach 1024×600 pixels, which can clearly display various graphical information. Install the display screen in a suitable position near the dashboard in front of the driver's seat in the car, and fix it with a customized mounting bracket to ensure that it is firmly installed and the angle is convenient for the owner to watch and operate. The display screen is connected to the microcontroller of the core control module through a high-speed LVDS (low voltage differential signal) interface or MIPI (mobile industry processor interface) interface to achieve high-speed and stable data transmission, ensuring the smoothness and real-time performance of the display screen.

[0084] Graphical interface design and development

[0085] Based on the embedded graphics library (such as emWin graphics library or LVGL open source graphics library), use its rich graphics drawing functions, control library, animation effect support and other functions to develop an intuitive and easy-to-use graphical human-computer interaction interface. The interface is mainly divided into multiple functional areas. For example, the top area displays the basic status information of the vehicle, including the battery power percentage, the current speed (data is obtained from the vehicle speed sensor through the CAN bus and displayed in real time), the current gear information, etc.; the middle area displays the operating status of the main electrical equipment of the vehicle body in the form of larger icons and text, such as using circular indicator lights of different colors to represent each headlight (green indicates normal lighting, red indicates a fault, etc.), using a dynamic progress bar to display the temperature setting value of the air conditioner and the current actual temperature in the car, and using flashing icons to prompt that a certain electrical equipment is in operation (such as the corresponding window icon flashes when the window is being raised or lowered); the bottom area is set with operation buttons for commonly used electrical equipment, such as the "+" and "-" buttons for adjusting the audio volume, the interior lighting mode switching button (switchable to full brightness, partial brightness, ambient light mode, etc.), etc. These buttons are designed with touch-sensitive design, and the owner will have corresponding visual feedback when touching the operation (such as button color changes, short animation effects, etc.), which enhances the interactive feel of the operation. In addition, the interface also supports multi-page switching function. Car owners can enter different function pages by sliding on the edge of the screen or clicking the page switching button, such as entering the detailed electrical equipment parameter setting page, where they can personalize the specific functional parameters of each electrical equipment (such as the wind speed level of the air conditioner, the color selection of the atmosphere lights in each area, etc.).

[0086] Voice interaction function implementation

[0087] Integrate a professional voice recognition chip (such as iFlytek's voice recognition chip, which has high-accuracy voice recognition capabilities and supports multiple languages ​​and dialects) or use a software-based voice recognition engine (by running the corresponding voice recognition algorithm library on a microcontroller) to achieve voice interaction functions. Arrange microphone arrays around the device in a reasonable manner (generally using at least two microphones to form an array, using beamforming and other technologies to improve the clarity and noise resistance of voice pickup, and can be installed near the rearview mirror or above the dashboard) to collect the owner's voice commands. When the owner issues a voice command (such as "turn on the air conditioner in the car" or "brighten the reading light in the car", etc.), the microphone array transmits the collected voice signal to the voice recognition module. After the voice recognition module pre-processes the voice signal (such as noise reduction, feature extraction, etc.), it uses the built-in voice recognition algorithm (an algorithm based on the combination of deep learning acoustic model and language model) to convert the voice command into the corresponding text command, and then passes the text command to the control program of the core control module for parsing and processing. The control program calls the corresponding electrical equipment control function according to the instruction content to implement the operation of the electrical equipment. After the operation is completed, the operation result is fed back to the car owner in the form of voice through the voice synthesis module (which can also be implemented using a professional voice synthesis chip or software algorithm, and selecting a suitable voice timbre, such as a gentle female voice or a steady male voice, etc.), forming a complete voice interaction closed loop, which allows the car owner to control the car body electrical equipment without manual operation during driving, thereby improving driving safety and convenience.

[0088] The present invention covers any substitution, modification, equivalent method and scheme made on the essence and scope of the present invention. In order to make the public have a thorough understanding of the present invention, specific details are described in detail in the following preferred embodiments of the present invention, but those skilled in the art can fully understand the present invention without the description of these details. In addition, in order to avoid unnecessary confusion about the essence of the present invention, well-known methods, processes, procedures, components and circuits are not described in detail.

[0089] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An intelligent control device integrating vehicle body electrical appliances and power distribution, characterized in that: Includes: The core control module uses a high-performance microcontroller with a built-in real-time operating system to handle multiple tasks based on preset priorities and connect to body electrical and power-related components through multiple peripheral interfaces to coordinate and control body electrical equipment and power distribution; The power input interface is equipped with interfaces of different specifications to adapt to the vehicle's main battery, backup battery and external charging equipment, and is equipped with an intelligent power switching circuit to automatically switch the power supply according to the power supply status; The power distribution module is composed of an intelligent power distribution chip and a relay matrix. The intelligent power distribution chip distributes power and regulates current and voltage in real time according to the needs of the vehicle body electrical equipment, and the relay matrix controls the on and off of high-power circuits to complete power distribution; The body electrical interface module includes CAN bus interface, LIN bus interface, analog input and output interface and digital input and output interface, which are used to connect various body electrical equipment to realize data interaction and control; The communication module integrates Bluetooth and Wi-Fi communication functions and reserves a 4G / 5G communication module interface. It can achieve close connection and control with mobile devices through Bluetooth, use Wi-Fi to exchange data with local area networks and cloud servers, and expand high-speed wireless communication with the help of reserved interfaces; The sensor module includes a temperature sensor, a current sensor, and a voltage sensor, which monitor the device temperature and the electrical parameters of the power distribution circuit respectively, and feed the information back to the core control module; The human-computer interaction interface is a touch screen installed in a convenient place in the car. It has the function of graphically displaying the operating status of electrical appliances and power distribution, and receiving touch and voice commands to realize manual control.

2. The intelligent control device integrating vehicle body electrical appliances and power distribution according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intelligent power switching circuit adopts a dedicated power switching chip, which switches to the backup battery for power supply when the main battery voltage is lower than the preset threshold. The core control module monitors the power switching status and power supply quantity in real time and performs corresponding control. Each power input interface is also equipped with an overvoltage protection diode, an overcurrent protection fuse and a filter capacitor.

3. The intelligent control device integrating vehicle body electrical appliances and power distribution according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intelligent power distribution chip dynamically adjusts the power supply according to different working conditions of the vehicle body electrical appliances, and monitors and regulates the output current and voltage of each channel in real time through the built-in high-precision detection circuit. The relay matrix uses automotive-grade relays and is driven by a Darlington tube array chip, and the relays feedback the working status to the core control module.

4. The intelligent control device integrating vehicle body electrical appliances and power distribution according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the communication module, Bluetooth communication uses encryption algorithms to ensure data security and is equipped with connection timeout, reconnection and signal strength monitoring mechanisms. Wi-Fi communication can upload vehicle electrical data, receive cloud software update instructions to achieve remote firmware upgrades, and has network connection status monitoring and error control mechanisms to ensure accurate data transmission.

5. The intelligent control device integrating vehicle body electrical appliances and power distribution according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the sensor module, when the temperature sensor detects that the internal temperature of the device exceeds a preset threshold, the core control module starts the cooling fan to cool down, displays an alarm message on the human-computer interaction interface, and can send fault warning information remotely. The current sensor and voltage sensor collect signals that are processed by a digital filtering algorithm and used to determine power supply abnormalities. When an abnormality occurs, the core control module takes protective measures.

6. The intelligent control device integrating vehicle body electrical appliances and power distribution according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the vehicle body electrical interface module, the CAN bus interface contains a CAN bus controller chip and a CAN bus transceiver chip that comply with the ISO11898 standard, which send and receive data according to a specific baud rate and protocol. The LIN bus interface uses a dedicated transceiver chip to communicate according to the specification. The analog input and output interface uses analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converter chips to realize signal acquisition and output respectively. The digital interface controls digital signals based on the general input and output pins of the microcontroller.

7. The intelligent control device integrating vehicle body electrical appliances and power distribution according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-performance microcontroller is a multi-core processor based on the ARM architecture, with sufficient external high-speed static random access memory (SRAM) and flash memory (Flash) for storing running programs and related data. The touch display screen of the human-computer interaction interface supports voice interaction, which is convenient for the owner to operate and view.

8. The intelligent control device integrating vehicle body electrical appliances and power distribution according to claim 1, characterized in that: The baud rate of the CAN bus interface is set to 500 kbps or 1 Mbps, and the LIN bus interface communicates according to the master-slave communication mode and the corresponding frame format.

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