Self-adaptive power plant combustor and adjusting system thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a self-adaptive power plant combustor and an adjusting system thereof. A combustion chamber shell of the combustor is internally provided with a combustion cavity and wrapped with an air bin, the air bin is connected with the combustion cavity through an inclined air hole, one end is provided with a smoke exhaust pipeline and a fan, the other end is provided with a sealing cover with an igniter and a gas distribution chamber, and the upper end is provided with a pulverized coal distribution bin and a powder spraying hole. The adjusting system comprises a temperature and pressure sensor, a controller and an executing mechanism. The advantages are obvious, the air holes and the fuel gas holes are specially designed, and related parts of the pulverized coal distribution bin enable fuel to be fully mixed and combusted; the adjusting system accurately regulates and controls combustion parameters; the service life of the equipment is prolonged by a heat-insulating layer, high-temperature-resistant and The smoke purification device reduces pollution; and intelligent management is realized through remote monitoring. And the combustion efficiency and stability are effectively improved, and efficient and clean utilization of power energy is assisted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field related to power plant burners, and in particular to an adaptive power plant burner and a regulating system thereof. Background Art

[0002] In the power generation process of power plants, the burner is one of the key equipment of the boiler, and its performance directly affects the combustion efficiency, energy consumption, and pollutant emissions of the power plant. Traditional power plant burners usually have the following problems: In terms of mixing air and coal powder, traditional burners have difficulty ensuring that air and coal powder are fully and evenly mixed. The way air enters the combustion chamber is relatively simple, and it is impossible to form an effective swirl or turbulence, resulting in some coal powder not being able to contact oxygen in time, incomplete combustion, reduced combustion efficiency, and increased energy waste. At the same time, incompletely burned coal powder will also cause increased pollutant emissions.

[0003] The control of gas supply is not precise enough. There is a lack of effective regulation mechanism in the gas distribution and supply process, and the gas flow cannot be dynamically adjusted according to the actual working conditions inside the combustion chamber. It is easy to have too much or too little gas supply, which affects the combustion stability and may cause large fluctuations in combustion temperature, posing a threat to the safe operation of the burner and boiler.

[0004] Traditional burners are not ideal for conveying and dispersing pulverized coal. Pulverized coal tends to clump or accumulate in the distribution bin and cannot evenly enter the combustion chamber through the powder injection holes, causing the local pulverized coal concentration to be too high or too low, further exacerbating the problem of uneven combustion and reducing the overall combustion efficiency.

[0005] In terms of monitoring and adjusting the combustion process, traditional burners mostly rely on manual experience for operation and adjustment. They are unable to accurately obtain key parameters such as temperature and pressure inside the combustion chamber in real time, and it is difficult to detect abnormal combustion conditions in time and make effective adjustments. This not only affects combustion efficiency, but also increases the risk of equipment failure and safety accidents. Summary of the invention

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide an adaptive power plant burner to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: an adaptive power plant burner, comprising a combustion chamber shell, a combustion chamber is arranged inside the combustion chamber shell, and an air bin is wrapped outside the combustion chamber shell, the inside of the air bin is connected to the combustion chamber through an air hole, a smoke exhaust pipe is arranged at one end of the combustion chamber, and a smoke exhaust fan is installed at the end of the smoke exhaust pipe, a cover is arranged at the other end of the combustion chamber, and an igniter is installed in the middle of the cover, a gas distribution chamber is arranged outside the igniter, and a gas inlet and a gas hole connected to the combustion chamber are arranged on the gas distribution chamber, an arc-shaped coal powder distribution bin is opened at the upper end of the combustion chamber shell, and the coal powder distribution bin is connected to the combustion chamber through a powder injection hole, and an air inlet is arranged on the side of the air bin; The air holes are arranged obliquely in the communication direction between the air bin and the combustion chamber, with an inclination angle of 30°-60°, so that the air entering the combustion chamber can form a swirl flow, promoting full mixing of coal powder and air; The gas distribution chamber is provided with a gas flow regulating device, which can automatically adjust the flow of the gas according to the temperature and pressure in the combustion chamber to ensure the stability and efficiency of combustion; A coal powder dispersing device is provided inside the coal powder distribution bin, which can disperse the agglomerated coal powder to ensure that the coal powder enters the combustion chamber evenly through the powder injection holes, thereby improving the combustion efficiency; The inner wall of the combustion chamber shell is made of high temperature resistant and corrosion resistant ceramic material with a thickness of 10-20 mm, which can effectively extend the service life of the burner; A smoke purification device is arranged in the smoke exhaust duct, and the device can perform preliminary purification treatment on the smoke generated by combustion to reduce pollution to the environment.

[0008] Furthermore, a baffle with adjustable air volume is provided in the air hole, and the baffle is connected to an electric adjustment device. The electric adjustment device can receive an external control signal and drive the baffle to rotate to change the ventilation cross-sectional area of ​​the air hole, thereby accurately adjusting the amount of air entering the combustion chamber.

[0009] Furthermore, the aperture of the gas hole gradually decreases along the gas flow direction to form a Venturi structure. A spiral guide groove is provided on the inner wall of the gas hole. When the gas passes through the gas hole, a rotating airflow is formed under the action of the guide groove, so that the gas and air are mixed more evenly in the combustion chamber.

[0010] Furthermore, a vibrator is provided at the bottom of the pulverized coal distribution bin, and the vibrator is connected to a frequency controller. The frequency controller can adjust the vibration frequency of the vibrator according to the combustion conditions to ensure that the pulverized coal falls stably and evenly into the combustion chamber from the powder injection hole.

[0011] Furthermore, the outer side of the combustion chamber shell is wrapped with a heat insulation layer, which is formed by stacking multiple layers of nano aerogel felt and has a thickness of 20-50 mm. It can effectively reduce the heat loss of the burner to the external environment and improve the thermal efficiency of the burner.

[0012] An adaptive power plant burner regulation system, comprising a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a controller and an actuator connected to the controller arranged in the burner, wherein the temperature sensor and the pressure sensor are used to monitor the temperature and pressure in the combustion chamber in real time and transmit the monitoring data to the controller, and the controller controls the actuator to adjust the operating parameters of the burner according to the received data; The actuator includes a gas flow regulating valve arranged at the gas inlet, an air flow regulating valve arranged at the air inlet, and a pulverized coal flow regulating valve arranged in the pulverized coal distribution bin, and the controller adjusts the flow of gas, air and pulverized coal by controlling the opening of these regulating valves; The controller stores preset temperature and pressure threshold ranges. When the monitored temperature or pressure exceeds the threshold range, the controller automatically starts the corresponding regulation program to adjust the opening of the regulating valve so that the temperature and pressure in the combustion chamber return to a normal range. The regulation system also includes a remote monitoring device connected to the controller, which can display the operating parameters of the burner in real time and allow the operator to remotely adjust the control strategy of the controller to achieve remote monitoring and management of the burner; The remote monitoring device also has a fault alarm function. When the burner has an abnormal situation, it can send an alarm message to the operator in time to facilitate timely maintenance. The controller adopts an intelligent algorithm, and can learn and optimize according to the operating history data and real-time monitoring data of the burner, so as to continuously improve the regulation accuracy and efficiency of the burner.

[0013] Furthermore, there are multiple temperature sensors, which are arranged at different positions in the combustion chamber, including an area near the igniter, a middle part of the combustion chamber, and an area near the smoke exhaust duct, so as to obtain comprehensive and accurate temperature distribution information in the combustion chamber, so that the controller can make more precise adjustments according to the temperature conditions in different areas.

[0014] Furthermore, the pressure sensor is a high-precision differential pressure sensor with a measurement accuracy of ±0.01 kPa. It can accurately measure the pressure changes in the combustion chamber and provide reliable pressure data for the controller to ensure that the burner operates under stable pressure conditions.

[0015] Furthermore, the actuator also includes a baffle adjustment device arranged in the smoke exhaust duct. The controller can control the baffle adjustment device to adjust the opening of the baffle in the smoke exhaust duct according to the pressure conditions in the combustion chamber to maintain the pressure in the combustion chamber stable and ensure the normal progress of the combustion process.

[0016] Furthermore, the remote monitoring device includes a display screen, a data transmission module and an operation terminal. The display screen is used to display the operating parameters of the burner and the temperature and pressure distribution curves in the combustion chamber in real time. The data transmission module uses wireless communication technology to transmit the operating data of the burner to the operation terminal. The operation terminal can input control instructions through the touch screen or buttons to realize remote operation of the controller and remote adjustment of the burner operating parameters.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The air holes in the present invention are arranged at an angle, so that the air entering the combustion chamber forms a swirl, which promotes the full mixing of coal powder and air, ensures that the coal powder particles can fully contact with oxygen, and increases the rate and completeness of the combustion reaction, thereby improving combustion efficiency and reducing energy waste.

[0018] The special Venturi structure of the gas hole and the spiral guide groove on the inner wall enable the gas to form a rotating airflow when entering the combustion chamber, further enhancing the mixing effect of the gas and air, making the combustion more complete, helping to improve combustion efficiency and reduce the generation of incomplete combustion products.

[0019] The coal powder breaking device and vibrator in the coal powder distribution bin ensure that the coal powder enters the combustion chamber evenly and stably, avoiding the phenomenon of insufficient local combustion caused by uneven distribution of coal powder, and further improving the overall combustion efficiency.

[0020] The gas flow regulating device in the gas distribution chamber can automatically adjust the gas flow according to the temperature and pressure in the combustion chamber, ensuring that the gas supply always matches the combustion conditions, maintaining the stability of the combustion process, reducing the combustion temperature and pressure fluctuations caused by gas supply fluctuations, and improving combustion safety.

[0021] The closed-loop control system composed of temperature sensors, pressure sensors and controllers in the regulation system can monitor the working conditions of the combustion chamber in real time, and promptly adjust parameters such as the flow rates of gas, air and pulverized coal and the opening of the smoke exhaust duct damper, so that the combustion process is always kept in the best state, effectively avoiding abnormal situations such as unstable combustion and flameout.

[0022] The inner wall of the combustion chamber shell is made of high temperature resistant and corrosion resistant ceramic material, which can withstand corrosion and erosion in high temperature combustion environment, reduce the loss of shell material, effectively extend the service life of the burner and reduce equipment maintenance costs.

[0023] The setting of the thermal insulation layer reduces the heat loss of the burner to the external environment, lowers the temperature of the burner shell, slows down the aging rate of the shell material, and is also beneficial to maintaining the temperature inside the combustion chamber stable, indirectly improving the overall performance and service life of the burner.

[0024] The smoke purification device in the smoke exhaust duct performs preliminary purification on the smoke generated by combustion, reducing the emission of pollutants such as smoke, reducing pollution to the environment, meeting environmental protection requirements, and helping the power plant achieve sustainable development.

[0025] Since the combustion is more complete, the generation of incomplete combustion products such as carbon monoxide, unburned coal particles and other pollutants is reduced, and pollutant emissions are reduced from the source, which is of positive significance to improving environmental air quality.

[0026] The remote monitoring device in the regulation system enables operators to remotely monitor the operating parameters of the burner and the internal working conditions of the combustion chamber in real time, making it easy to detect and deal with problems in a timely manner, thereby improving the reliability and safety of equipment operation.

[0027] Operators can remotely adjust the control strategy of the controller through the remote monitoring device to achieve remote adjustment of the burner operating parameters without the need for on-site operation, thereby improving work efficiency. It also facilitates flexible adjustments based on the actual operating needs of the power plant and optimizes the combustion process.

[0028] The controller uses an intelligent algorithm that can learn and optimize based on historical operating data and real-time monitoring data, continuously improve the adjustment accuracy and efficiency of the burner, further enhance the performance of the burner, enable it to better adapt to different operating conditions, and achieve intelligent operation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the development of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of the air hole of the structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the pulverized coal distribution bin of the present invention.

[0030] In the figure: 1. Combustion chamber shell; 2. Dust collecting plate; 3. Dust collecting pipe; 4. Combustion chamber; 5. Cover; 6. Gas inlet; 7. Ignitor; 8. Gas distribution chamber; 9. Gas hole; 10. Coal powder inlet; 11. Air hole; 12. Air bin; 13. Air inlet; 14. Smoke exhaust fan; 15. Smoke exhaust duct; 16. Coal powder distribution bin; 17. Powder spraying hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] See also Figure 1-3The present invention provides a technical solution: an adaptive power plant burner, an adaptive power plant burner structure, a combustion chamber shell 1 is made of high-strength high-temperature resistant alloy material, and the overall structure is cylindrical, and the internal combustion chamber 4 provides space for fuel combustion. The size of the combustion chamber shell 1 is designed according to the actual needs of the power plant boiler, and the general inner diameter is between 0.52 meters and the length is between 2-6 meters. Its manufacturing process includes casting, forging and machining to ensure the strength and sealing of the shell.

[0032] The inner wall of the combustion chamber shell 1 is lined with a layer of high temperature resistant and corrosion resistant ceramic material with a thickness of 10-20mm. The ceramic material is made of alumina ceramic or silicon carbide ceramic, and is attached to the inner wall of the shell through plasma spraying or sintering process. The plasma spraying process sprays ceramic powder onto the shell surface at high speed under high temperature and high pressure conditions to form a dense ceramic coating; the sintering process combines the prefabricated ceramic sheet with the shell through high temperature sintering. The ceramic coating can not only withstand high temperature combustion environment up to 1500℃-00℃, but also resist the erosion of corrosive gases such as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides generated by fuel combustion, effectively protecting the combustion chamber shell 1 and extending its service life.

[0033] The air bin 12 is wrapped around the outside of the combustion chamber shell 1, and an annular space is formed between the two. The thickness of the air bin 12 is 100-300mm, and it is welded with steel plates. During the welding process, the sealing of the weld is ensured to prevent air leakage. The air inlet 13 set on the side of the air bin 12 is connected to the external air supply system. An air filter is installed at the inlet with a filtration accuracy of 5μm, which can effectively remove dust and impurities in the air and prevent them from entering the burner to affect combustion and equipment operation.

[0034] The air hole 11 is inclined between the air bin 12 and the combustion chamber 4, and the inclination angle is 30°-60°. The number of air holes 11 is determined according to the size and power of the burner, generally between 50 and 200, and is evenly distributed in the connecting part between the air bin 12 and the combustion chamber 4. The aperture of the air hole 11 is 10-50mm, and it is processed by drilling technology, and polished after processing to ensure that the hole wall is smooth and reduce the air flow resistance. A baffle with adjustable air volume is installed in the air hole 11. The baffle is made of stainless steel and has a thickness of 25mm. The baffle is connected to the electric adjustment device through a shaft, and the electric adjustment device is composed of a motor, a reducer and a transmission mechanism. The motor receives an external control signal, and after being decelerated by the reducer, the baffle is driven to rotate by the transmission mechanism, thereby accurately changing the ventilation cross-sectional area of ​​the air hole 11, and realizing accurate adjustment of the amount of air entering the combustion chamber 4.

[0035] The smoke exhaust pipe 15 is installed at one end of the combustion chamber 4 and is connected to the combustion chamber 4. The smoke exhaust pipe 15 is made of high temperature resistant stainless steel, and its inner diameter is designed according to the smoke exhaust volume of the burner, generally between 0.3 and 1.5 meters. The length of the smoke exhaust pipe 15 is determined according to the layout of the power plant boiler, usually between 5 and 20 meters. The manufacturing process of the smoke exhaust pipe 15 includes rolling, welding and flange connection, etc. The argon arc welding process is used in the welding process to ensure the quality of the weld and prevent smoke leakage.

[0036] The smoke exhaust fan 14 is installed at the end of the smoke exhaust pipe 15 to provide smoke exhaust power. The selection of the smoke exhaust fan 14 is determined according to the smoke exhaust volume, wind pressure requirements of the burner and the actual working conditions of the power plant. The smoke exhaust fan 14 adopts a centrifugal fan structure, which is characterized by high efficiency and stability. The fan impeller is made of high-strength aluminum alloy and is dynamically balanced to ensure smooth operation and low vibration of the fan. The fan motor adopts a variable frequency speed regulating motor, which can adjust the fan speed according to the combustion conditions, thereby adjusting the smoke exhaust volume and ensuring the stability of the pressure in the combustion chamber 4. A smoke dust purification device is also provided in the smoke exhaust pipe 15, which adopts a combination of electrostatic dust removal and bag dust removal. The electrostatic dust removal part charges the particles in the flue gas through a high-voltage electric field, and then is collected on the electrode plate under the action of the electric field force; the bag dust removal part adopts a high-temperature resistant filter bag with a filtration accuracy of less than 10mg / m³, which further captures fine particles in the flue gas and effectively reduces smoke dust emissions.

[0037] The cover 5 is installed at the other end of the combustion chamber 4 to seal the combustion chamber 4. The cover 5 is made of the same high-temperature resistant alloy material as the combustion chamber shell 1. The cover 5 and the combustion chamber shell 1 are connected by bolts, and a high-temperature resistant sealing gasket is installed at the connection to ensure the sealing performance. An igniter 7 is installed in the middle of the cover 5. The igniter 7 adopts a high-energy ignition device with an ignition energy of 15 joules, which can reliably ignite the fuel mixture. The electrode of the igniter 7 is made of a high-temperature resistant alloy material, such as a platinum-rhodium alloy, to ensure normal operation in a high-temperature environment.

[0038] The gas distribution chamber 8 arranged outside the igniter 7 provides a distribution space for the gas to enter the combustion chamber 4. The gas distribution chamber 8 is annular in structure and surrounds the igniter 7. The gas distribution chamber 8 is manufactured by casting process, and the internal structure design ensures that the gas can be evenly distributed. The gas inlet 6 is connected to the external gas supply system, and a gas pressure regulating valve and a flow metering device are installed at the gas inlet 6 to accurately control the pressure and flow of the gas. The gas holes 9 are evenly distributed on the gas distribution chamber 8, connecting the gas distribution chamber 8 with the combustion chamber 4. The aperture of the gas hole 9 gradually decreases along the gas flow direction to form a Venturi structure, and its minimum aperture is 5-20mm. A spiral guide groove is processed on the inner wall of the gas hole 9, and the depth of the guide groove is 0.5-2mm and the width is 1-5mm. It is manufactured by CNC machining process to ensure the accuracy and consistency of the guide groove. When the gas passes through the gas hole 9, a rotating airflow is formed under the action of the guide groove, and it is more fully mixed with the air in the combustion chamber 4.

[0039] The pulverized coal distribution bin 16 is opened at the upper end of the combustion chamber shell 1 and has an arc-shaped structure. Its arc is designed according to the shape of the combustion chamber 4 to ensure that the pulverized coal can evenly fall into the combustion chamber 4. The pulverized coal distribution bin 16 is welded with steel plates, and the interior is rust-proofed to prevent the pulverized coal from getting damp and agglomerating. The volume of the pulverized coal distribution bin 16 is determined according to the pulverized coal demand of the burner, and is generally between 0.52 cubic meters.

[0040] The powder injection holes 17 are evenly distributed at the bottom of the coal powder distribution bin 16, connecting the coal powder distribution bin 16 and the combustion chamber 4. The diameter of the powder injection holes 17 is 5-15 mm, and the number is determined according to the burner power and coal powder distribution requirements, generally between 30 and 100. The powder injection holes 17 are processed by drilling technology to ensure the verticality and roughness of the holes and reduce the possibility of coal powder blockage. A vibrator is installed at the bottom of the coal powder distribution bin 16, and the vibrator adopts an electromagnetic vibrator or a pneumatic vibrator. The electromagnetic vibrator is composed of an electromagnet and a vibration spring, and generates vibration through electromagnetic force; the pneumatic vibrator uses compressed air to drive the piston to generate vibration. The vibrator is connected to a frequency controller, and the frequency controller can adjust the vibration frequency of the vibrator according to the combustion conditions. The vibration frequency is generally between 10 and 50 Hz. The function of the vibrator is to prevent coal powder from agglomerating and accumulating in the distribution bin 16, and to ensure that the coal powder falls stably and evenly from the powder injection holes 17 into the combustion chamber 4. The inlet of the pulverized coal distribution bin 16 is connected to an external pulverized coal conveying system, and a pulverized coal flow regulating valve is installed at the inlet to control the flow of pulverized coal entering the distribution bin 16 .

[0041] An adaptive power plant burner regulation system: temperature sensors are arranged at multiple key positions in the combustion chamber 4, including the area near the igniter 7, the middle of the combustion chamber 4, and the area near the smoke exhaust pipe 15. The temperature sensor adopts a thermocouple or a thermal resistor sensor. The thermocouple sensor, such as a K-type thermocouple, has a measurement range of 0-1300°C, and the thermal resistor sensor, such as a Pt100 thermal resistor, has a measurement range of 200-850°C. The sensor is installed with a high-temperature resistant sleeve for protection. The sleeve material is ceramic or stainless steel to ensure that the sensor works normally in a high-temperature environment without affecting the airflow and fuel distribution in the combustion chamber 4. The sensor transmits the collected temperature data to the controller through a shielded cable.

[0042] The pressure sensor uses a high-precision differential pressure sensor, which is installed at a suitable position of the combustion chamber 4 to measure the pressure changes in the combustion chamber 4. The differential pressure sensor has a measurement accuracy of ±0.01kPa and a measurement range of -10kPa-10kPa, which can accurately reflect the pressure fluctuations during the combustion process. The pressure sensor converts the pressure signal into a standard electrical signal through a signal conditioning circuit and then transmits it to the controller.

[0043] The controller uses a programmable logic controller PLC or an industrial control computer IPC. PLC has the characteristics of high reliability and strong anti-interference ability, and is suitable for industrial field environments; IPC has powerful computing power and rich software resources, which is convenient for implementing complex control algorithms. The controller stores preset temperature and pressure threshold ranges. For example, the normal temperature range in the combustion chamber 4 is set to 800℃-1300℃, and the normal pressure range is set to -1kPa-1kPa. After receiving the data transmitted by the temperature sensor and the pressure sensor, the controller compares the real-time data with the preset thresholds.

[0044] If the monitored temperature or pressure exceeds the threshold range, the controller automatically starts the corresponding adjustment program. For example, when the temperature is too high, the controller first determines whether it is caused by excessive gas supply or insufficient air supply. If the gas supply is excessive, the controller will control the gas flow regulating valve at the gas inlet 6 to reduce the opening and reduce the gas flow; if the air supply is insufficient, the controller will control the air flow regulating valve at the air inlet 13 to increase the opening and increase the air volume. At the same time, the controller will also control the baffle adjustment device in the smoke exhaust duct 15 to adjust the baffle opening according to the pressure conditions in the combustion chamber 4 to maintain the pressure in the combustion chamber 4 stable. The controller uses intelligent algorithms such as PID control algorithm or fuzzy control algorithm to continuously optimize control parameters according to the operating history data and real-time monitoring data of the burner to improve the adjustment accuracy and efficiency.

[0045] The gas flow regulating valve is installed at the gas inlet 6, and uses an electric regulating valve or a pneumatic regulating valve. The electric regulating valve is driven by a motor, and the valve opening is adjusted by controlling the forward and reverse rotation of the motor, and its control accuracy can reach ±1%; the pneumatic regulating valve uses compressed air to drive the actuator, and has the characteristics of fast response speed. The controller outputs a control signal according to the control strategy, drives the gas flow regulating valve to adjust the gas flow, and ensures that the gas supply matches the combustion conditions.

[0046] The air flow regulating valve is installed at the air inlet 13, and also adopts an electric or pneumatic regulating valve structure. Its working principle is similar to that of the gas flow regulating valve. The controller adjusts the opening of the air flow regulating valve to accurately control the amount of air entering the combustion chamber 4, ensure the reasonable ratio of air, coal powder and gas, and achieve a good combustion effect.

[0047] The pulverized coal flow regulating valve is installed at the entrance of the pulverized coal distribution bin 16 to control the supply of pulverized coal. The regulating valve adjusts the flow of pulverized coal entering the distribution bin 16 according to the instructions of the controller to adapt to different combustion load requirements. The opening control accuracy of the regulating valve is within ±2%, ensuring the stability and accuracy of the pulverized coal supply.

[0048] The damper adjustment device in the smoke exhaust duct 15 is composed of an electric actuator and a damper. The electric actuator receives the signal from the controller, drives the damper to rotate, and adjusts the ventilation cross-sectional area of ​​the smoke exhaust duct 15. The damper adjustment device has an action range of 0°-90°, and can be accurately adjusted according to the pressure in the combustion chamber 4 to maintain the pressure in the combustion chamber 4 stable and ensure the normal progress of the combustion process.

[0049] The remote monitoring device includes a display screen, a data transmission module and an operation terminal. The display screen is installed in the monitoring room of the power plant and uses a liquid crystal display LCD or an organic light-emitting diode display OLED. The size is selected according to the monitoring requirements, generally between 20 and 50 inches. The display screen is connected to the controller through a data cable to display the operating parameters of the burner in real time, such as temperature, pressure, gas flow, air flow, coal powder flow, etc. At the same time, it can also display the temperature and pressure distribution curves in the combustion chamber 4, and intuitively display the combustion conditions.

[0050] The data transmission module uses wireless communication technology, such as WiFi, Bluetooth or 4G / 5G network, to transmit the operating data of the burner to the operation terminal. The operation terminal can be a desktop computer, laptop or tablet computer. The operator can remotely view the operating status of the burner in real time through the monitoring software on the operation terminal. The monitoring software of the operation terminal has data storage, analysis and alarm functions, and can record the historical operation data of the burner to facilitate subsequent analysis and optimization of the combustion process. When the burner has abnormal conditions, such as excessive temperature and abnormal pressure, the monitoring software will issue an alarm message in time, and highlight the abnormal parameters on the display screen to remind the operator to deal with it. The operator can also input control instructions through the touch screen or buttons of the operation terminal to remotely adjust the control strategy of the controller, such as modifying the temperature and pressure thresholds, adjusting the opening setting value of the regulating valve, etc., to achieve remote and flexible adjustment of the burner operating parameters and improve the operating efficiency and adaptability of the burner.

[0051] Before starting the burner, first check the status of each device through the remote monitoring device to ensure that the temperature sensor, pressure sensor, controller, actuator, exhaust fan and other equipment are working properly. Then start the exhaust fan 14 to pre-ventilate the combustion chamber 4 to remove the combustible gas that may exist in the combustion chamber 4 to prevent explosion during ignition. The pre-ventilation time is determined according to the volume of the combustion chamber 4 and the air volume of the exhaust fan 14, and is generally between 3 and 10 minutes.

[0052] Then, the igniter 7 is started, and the gas flow regulating valve at the gas inlet 6 is opened at the same time, supplying a small amount of gas to the gas distribution chamber 8. The high-energy electric spark generated by the igniter 7 ignites the gas to form a stable flame. During the ignition process, the controller closely monitors the temperature change in the combustion chamber 4. When the temperature rises to 300℃-500℃, it begins to gradually increase the opening of the air flow regulating valve, introduces air and gas to mix and burn, and gradually stabilizes the combustion process.

[0053] When the burner is operating normally, the temperature sensor and pressure sensor collect the temperature and pressure data in the combustion chamber 4 in real time and transmit them to the controller. The controller analyzes and processes the collected data according to the preset control strategy and algorithm. If the temperature in the combustion chamber 4 is lower than the set lower limit, the controller determines that there may be insufficient gas supply or too much air. At this time, the controller will control the gas flow regulating valve to increase the opening, and appropriately reduce the opening of the air flow regulating valve, increase the gas volume, reduce the air volume, and increase the combustion temperature. On the contrary, if the temperature is higher than the set upper limit, the controller will take the opposite adjustment measures to reduce the combustion temperature.

[0054] For pressure regulation, when the pressure in the combustion chamber 4 is lower than the set lower limit, the controller controls the damper adjustment device in the smoke exhaust pipe 15 to reduce the damper opening, reduce the smoke exhaust volume, and increase the pressure in the combustion chamber 4; when the pressure is higher than the set upper limit, the damper opening is increased, the smoke exhaust volume is increased, and the pressure in the combustion chamber 4 is reduced. At the same time, the controller will also adjust the opening of the pulverized coal flow regulating valve according to the combustion conditions to ensure that the supply of pulverized coal matches the combustion demand. For example, when the load increases, the opening of the pulverized coal flow regulating valve is appropriately increased to increase the supply of pulverized coal; when the load decreases, the opening of the pulverized coal flow regulating valve is correspondingly reduced.

[0055] During the entire operation process, the remote monitoring device displays the operating parameters of the burner and the working conditions in the combustion chamber 4 in real time. The operator can check the operating status of the burner at any time through the remote monitoring device, and take timely measures to deal with abnormal conditions. At the same time, the operator can also remotely adjust the control strategy of the controller through the remote monitoring device according to the actual needs of the power plant, such as different power generation load requirements, to optimize the combustion process and improve the combustion efficiency and economy.

[0056] When the burner needs to be stopped, the opening of the gas flow regulating valve is gradually reduced through the remote monitoring device or on-site operation to reduce the gas supply, and the opening of the air flow regulating valve is gradually increased to increase the air volume so that the combustion process gradually weakens. In this process, the controller closely monitors the temperature and pressure changes in the combustion chamber 4 to ensure a smooth transition of the combustion process.

[0057] When the temperature in the combustion chamber 4 drops to 200°C-300°C, stop the gas supply and continue to keep the air ventilated for a period of time to cool the combustion chamber 4 to prevent damage to high-temperature components. The cooling time is determined according to the structure and material properties of the burner, generally between 10-30 minutes. Finally, stop the exhaust fan 14 and the burner stops running.

Claims

1. An adaptive power plant burner, characterized in that: The combustion chamber shell (1) comprises a combustion chamber (4) arranged inside the combustion chamber shell (1), and an air chamber (12) is wrapped outside the combustion chamber shell (1), the inside of the air chamber (12) is connected to the combustion chamber (4) through an air hole (11), a smoke exhaust pipe (15) is arranged at one end of the combustion chamber (4), and a smoke exhaust fan (14) is installed at the end of the smoke exhaust pipe (15), a cover (5) is installed at the other end of the combustion chamber (4), and an igniter (7) is installed in the middle of the cover (5), a gas distribution chamber (8) is arranged outside the igniter (7), and a gas inlet (6) and a gas hole (9) connected to the combustion chamber (4) are arranged on the gas distribution chamber (8), an arc-shaped coal powder distribution chamber (16) is opened at the upper end of the combustion chamber shell (1), and the coal powder distribution chamber (16) is connected to the combustion chamber (4) through a powder injection hole (17), and an air inlet (13) is arranged on the side of the air chamber (12); The air hole (11) is arranged to be inclined in the communication direction between the air chamber (12) and the combustion chamber (4), and the inclination angle is 30°-60°, so that the air entering the combustion chamber (4) can form a swirl flow, thereby promoting full mixing of the coal powder and the air; The gas distribution chamber (8) is provided with a gas flow regulating device, which can automatically regulate the flow of the gas according to the temperature and pressure in the combustion chamber (4), thereby ensuring the stability and high efficiency of combustion; The coal powder distribution bin (16) is provided with a coal powder dispersing device, which can disperse the agglomerated coal powder, thereby ensuring that the coal powder evenly enters the combustion chamber (4) through the powder injection holes (17), thereby improving the combustion efficiency; The inner wall of the combustion chamber shell (1) is made of high temperature resistant and corrosion resistant ceramic material and has a thickness of 10-20 mm, which can effectively extend the service life of the burner; The smoke exhaust pipe (15) is provided with a smoke purification device, which can perform preliminary purification on the smoke generated by combustion, thereby reducing pollution to the environment.

2. An adaptive power plant burner according to claim 1, characterized in that: A baffle plate capable of adjusting air volume is arranged in the air hole (11), and the baffle plate is connected to an electric adjustment device, and the electric adjustment device is capable of receiving an external control signal and driving the baffle plate to rotate, so as to change the ventilation cross-sectional area of ​​the air hole (11), thereby accurately adjusting the amount of air entering the combustion chamber (4).

3. The adaptive power plant burner according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aperture of the gas hole (9) gradually decreases along the gas flow direction to form a Venturi structure. A spiral guide groove is provided on the inner wall of the gas hole (9). When the gas passes through the gas hole (9), a rotating airflow is formed under the action of the guide groove, so that the gas and air are mixed more evenly in the combustion chamber (4).

4. The adaptive power plant burner according to claim 1, characterized in that: A vibrator is provided at the bottom of the pulverized coal distribution bin (16), and the vibrator is connected to a frequency controller. The frequency controller can adjust the vibration frequency of the vibrator according to the combustion conditions to ensure that the pulverized coal falls stably and evenly from the powder injection holes (17) into the combustion chamber (4).

5. The adaptive power plant burner according to claim 1, characterized in that: The combustion chamber shell (1) is wrapped with a heat insulation layer on the outside. The heat insulation layer is formed by stacking multiple layers of nano aerogel felt and has a thickness of 20-50 mm. It can effectively reduce the heat loss of the burner to the external environment and improve the thermal efficiency of the burner.

6. An adaptive power plant burner regulation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: It comprises a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a controller and an actuator connected to the controller, the temperature sensor and the pressure sensor being used to monitor the temperature and pressure in the combustion chamber (4) in real time and transmit the monitoring data to the controller, and the controller controlling the actuator to adjust the operating parameters of the burner according to the received data; The actuator comprises a gas flow regulating valve arranged at the gas inlet (6), an air flow regulating valve arranged at the air inlet (13), and a pulverized coal flow regulating valve arranged in the pulverized coal distribution bin (16), and the controller regulates the flow of gas, air and pulverized coal by controlling the opening of these regulating valves; The controller stores preset temperature and pressure threshold ranges, and when the monitored temperature or pressure exceeds the threshold range, the controller automatically starts a corresponding regulation program to adjust the opening of the regulating valve so that the temperature and pressure in the combustion chamber (4) return to a normal range; The regulation system also includes a remote monitoring device connected to the controller, which can display the operating parameters of the burner in real time and allow the operator to remotely adjust the control strategy of the controller to achieve remote monitoring and management of the burner; The remote monitoring device also has a fault alarm function. When the burner has an abnormal situation, it can send an alarm message to the operator in time to facilitate timely maintenance. The controller adopts an intelligent algorithm, and can learn and optimize according to the operating history data and real-time monitoring data of the burner, so as to continuously improve the regulation accuracy and efficiency of the burner.

7. The adaptive power plant burner adjustment system according to claim 6, characterized in that: There are a plurality of temperature sensors, which are arranged at different positions of the combustion chamber (4), including an area close to the igniter (7), a middle part of the combustion chamber (4), and an area close to the smoke exhaust pipe (15), so as to obtain comprehensive and accurate temperature distribution information in the combustion chamber (4), so that the controller can make more accurate adjustments according to the temperature conditions in different areas.

8. The adaptive power plant burner adjustment system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The pressure sensor is a high-precision differential pressure sensor with a measurement accuracy of ±0.01 kPa. It can accurately measure the pressure changes in the combustion chamber (4) and provide reliable pressure data for the controller, ensuring that the burner operates under stable pressure conditions.

9. The adaptive power plant burner adjustment system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The actuator further comprises a baffle adjusting device (151) arranged in the smoke exhaust duct (15), and the controller can control the baffle adjusting device (151) to adjust the opening of the baffle in the smoke exhaust duct (15) according to the pressure condition in the combustion chamber (4), so as to maintain the pressure in the combustion chamber (4) stable and ensure the normal progress of the combustion process.

10. The adaptive power plant burner adjustment system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The remote monitoring device comprises a display screen, a data transmission module and an operation terminal. The display screen is used to display the operating parameters of the burner and the temperature and pressure distribution curves in the combustion chamber (4) in real time. The data transmission module uses wireless communication technology to transmit the operating data of the burner to the operation terminal. The operation terminal can input control instructions through a touch screen or keys to realize remote operation of the controller and remote adjustment of the operating parameters of the burner.

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