Multifunctional thermoelectric cooler and control method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of thermoelectric devices containing different material junctions, in particular to a structural part. According to the technical scheme, according to the multifunctional thermoelectric cooler and the control method thereof, hardware comprises an outer plate arranged above a thermoelectric cooler plate, a detection module is arranged in the outer plate, a plurality of independent loops are arranged on the thermoelectric cooler plate, and the independent loops correspond to detection units in a one-to-one mode. The method comprises the steps that the detection unit monitors in real time and sends detection data to the main control unit; the main control unit controls the corresponding independent loop to be powered on and powered off according to detection data of each detection unit; and the main control unit judges whether the output power of the electrified independent loops needs to be adjusted according to whether a plurality of independent loops need to be electrified. The problems that in the prior art, a working area is difficult to adjust, maintenance is inconvenient, energy is wasted, and adaptability is poor are solved, the multifunctional thermoelectric cooler and the control method thereof are provided, and the purposes of facilitating maintenance and overhaul, reducing use power consumption and improving the energy utilization rate are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of thermoelectric devices comprising junctions of different materials, and in particular to structural parts. Background Art

[0002] The working surface area of ​​a traditional thermoelectric cooler is generally fixed after the design scheme is finalized and cannot be adjusted again. Once the position of the heat source changes, the original thermoelectric cooler will no longer be applicable and needs to be redesigned; secondly, the working area of ​​a traditional thermoelectric cooler is often larger than the heat source area, so when working, it is inevitable that some working area will be wasted, resulting in a part of the power loss. For example, the Chinese patent with publication number CN116264814A discloses a large-size low-power thermoelectric cooler with good reliability and a method for making the same, and provides the following technical solution. The present invention discloses a large-size low-power thermoelectric cooler with good reliability and a method for making the same, which overcomes the problem of the incompatibility between the size, reliability and power consumption of the thermoelectric cooler in the prior art, including two ceramic substrates of upper and lower structures, semiconductor particles and heat-insulating particles that do not participate in refrigeration and are only used for support are arranged between the two ceramic substrates, and a plurality of guide plates are arranged on the inner surface of the ceramic substrate, and through holes are arranged on the guide plates corresponding to the positions of the heat-insulating particles. Insulating particles that only play a supporting role are added, and holes are opened on the corresponding guide plates of the insulating particles to maximize the heat transfer resistance, prevent thermal short circuits, and ensure good power consumption and reliability. However, the above-mentioned large-size low-power thermoelectric cooler with good reliability and its manufacturing method have a fixed working area, waste energy, and cannot be adjusted according to the required working position. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present invention solves the problems in the prior art of difficulty in adjusting the working area, inconvenient maintenance, waste of energy and poor adaptability, and proposes a multifunctional thermoelectric cooler and a control method thereof, achieving the purposes of easy maintenance and repair, flexible adjustment, reduced power consumption and improved energy utilization.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A multifunctional thermoelectric cooler comprises a thermoelectric cooler plate arranged on a bottom plate, an outer plate is arranged above the thermoelectric cooler plate, a detection module composed of a plurality of detection units is arranged inside the outer plate, a plurality of independent circuits are arranged on the thermoelectric cooler plate, the independent circuits correspond to the detection units one by one, a main control unit is arranged inside the bottom plate, and the main control unit is electrically connected to the thermoelectric cooler plate and the detection module.

[0005] The advantage of this design is that by integrating the thermoelectric cooler board, external board, detection module and main control unit into one system, multifunctional and efficient thermal management can be achieved to improve the overall performance of the equipment. The multi-loop design makes the thermoelectric cooler easy to inspect, increases the flexibility of the working area, and greatly improves the applicability of the thermoelectric cooler.

[0006] A control method for a multifunctional thermoelectric cooler comprises the following steps: S1: The detection unit monitors in real time and sends the detection data to the main control unit; S2: The main control unit controls the power on and off of the corresponding independent circuit according to the detection data of each detection unit; S3: The main control unit determines whether it is necessary to adjust the output power of the energized independent circuit according to whether there are multiple independent circuits that need to be energized at the same time.

[0007] The advantage of this design is that by introducing a complex control model that combines adaptation with fuzzy logic, the output power of each independent circuit can be adjusted more intelligently. When the temperature rises, the system can respond quickly and increase the power of the corresponding circuit to improve the cooling effect; when the temperature is low, the system automatically reduces the power or closes some circuits to achieve energy saving.

[0008] Preferably, the thermoelectric cooler board is provided with four independent circuits of the same size and adjustable power, and the independent circuits do not interfere with each other.

[0009] The advantage of this design is that the independent circuit design can effectively control the output of each circuit, realize flexible power regulation, avoid mutual interference between circuits, and energize the independent circuit corresponding to the working area that needs to work according to needs.

[0010] Preferably, the detection module is composed of four detection units, one detection unit corresponds to the top of each independent circuit, the two are electrically connected to form a working area, and each working area is of the same size.

[0011] The benefit of this design is that it ensures that each working area can be monitored and operated independently, thereby obtaining temperature information in real time and enhancing the responsiveness and adaptability of the system.

[0012] Preferably, the bottom plate and the outer plate are both detachable structures along the working area.

[0013] The advantage of this design is that it facilitates the maintenance and overhaul of the equipment. If a fault occurs in a certain area, it is easy to find and repair, which improves the fault detection rate, reduces downtime and improves work efficiency.

[0014] Preferably, the main control unit receives detection data from the detection module, and controls the power on and off of a single or multiple independent circuits according to the detection data.

[0015] The advantage of this design is that the main control unit can dynamically control the working status of each circuit according to the real-time detection data, thereby improving the energy efficiency and response speed of the system.

[0016] Preferably, the detection unit adopts an NTC thermistor.

[0017] The advantage of this design is that the NTC thermistor has good sensitivity and fast response time, which can provide accurate temperature monitoring and help the main control unit to control more effectively.

[0018] Preferably, step S2 comprises the following steps: S2.1: The main control unit receives the detection data sent by each detection unit; S2.2: The main control unit determines whether the detection data exceeds the threshold value. If so, it proceeds to step S2.4; if not, it proceeds to step S2.3; S2.3: The main control unit determines the detection unit corresponding to the detection data that does not exceed the threshold value, and controls the corresponding independent circuit to power off and return to step S1; S2.4: The main control unit determines the detection unit corresponding to the detection data exceeding the threshold value, and controls the corresponding independent circuit to be energized.

[0019] The advantage of this design is that, through threshold judgment, it is possible to effectively handle situations where work needs to be performed, ensuring that the system controls the corresponding independent circuit to be powered on when work is required, and controls the corresponding independent circuit to be powered off when work is not required.

[0020] Preferably, in step S3, the main control unit determines whether the number of independent circuits that have been powered on is greater than or equal to three. If not, it returns to step S1. If so, it adjusts the output power of the corresponding independent circuit through an adaptive algorithm according to the temperature in the detection data.

[0021] The advantage of this design is that by determining the number of energized circuits, energy consumption can be optimized, while the output power can be dynamically adjusted when needed to improve the energy efficiency and flexibility of the system.

[0022] Preferably, the method of adjusting the output power of the corresponding independent circuit through an adaptive algorithm according to the temperature in the detection data includes the following steps: calculating the temperature error and its rate of change according to the temperature in the detection data; using an adaptive control algorithm to dynamically adjust parameters according to the real-time temperature error; combining a fuzzy logic controller to process the nonlinearity and uncertainty in the system and calculate the power adjustment amount; through a dynamic weight adjustment mechanism, controlling the output power of the independent circuit according to the load condition of each circuit, and reasonably allocating the total available power.

[0023] The advantage of this design is that by adopting adaptive control and fuzzy logic, more precise control can be achieved in complex environments, the stability and adaptability of the system can be improved, and the overall performance can be enhanced.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects.

[0025] 1. The multi-loop independent design of the present invention enables the thermoelectric cooler to perform personalized control for different working areas. Each independent loop corresponds to a detection unit, and they do not interfere with each other, ensuring that the temperature monitoring and cooling requirements of each working area can be independently and accurately met. The multi-loop structure not only improves the flexibility and scalability of the system, but also facilitates fault detection and maintenance, so that the overall system has higher reliability. In addition, the multi-loop design allows the thermoelectric cooler to flexibly adjust the number of operating loops according to actual needs, achieve more optimized energy allocation and use, and further improve the overall efficiency and adaptability of the system.

[0026] 2. The modular and detachable structure of the system of the present invention significantly improves the maintenance convenience and upgradeability of the equipment. The bottom plate and the outer plate are detachable along the working area, which facilitates quick access and replacement of internal components, reducing maintenance time and cost. When a fault occurs in a certain area, it can be quickly located and repaired to avoid affecting the normal operation of the entire system. In addition, the modular design enables the system to flexibly adapt to different application scenarios and changes in demand, supports subsequent function expansion and technology upgrades, and enhances the market competitiveness and service life of the product.

[0027] 3. The present invention adopts a complex control model combining adaptation and fuzzy logic, so that the system can dynamically adjust the output power of each independent circuit according to real-time temperature changes. The adaptive control algorithm can automatically optimize the control parameters according to the temperature error and its rate of change, improving the system response speed and control accuracy; the fuzzy logic controller effectively handles the nonlinearity and uncertainty in the system and enhances the stability of control. Through this combined control, the thermoelectric cooler can achieve accurate and efficient refrigeration management in various complex environments, significantly improving the performance and energy efficiency of the overall system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1The present invention is a schematic structural diagram of a multifunctional thermoelectric cooler and a control method thereof according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 2 The figure is an exploded view of the internal circuit of a thermoelectric cooler board of an embodiment of a multifunctional thermoelectric cooler and a control method thereof of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 3 The present invention is a flowchart of a multifunctional thermoelectric cooler and a control method thereof according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Illustration Description: 1. Outer plate; 1.1 Second working area; 1.2 Third working area; 1.3 Fourth working area; 1.4 First working area; 2. Thermoelectric cooler plate; 2.1 First independent loop negative pole; 2.2 First independent loop positive pole; 2.3 Second independent loop negative pole; 2.4 Second independent loop positive pole; 2.5 Third independent loop negative pole; 2.6 Third independent loop positive pole; 2.7 Fourth independent loop negative pole; 2.8 Fourth independent loop positive pole; 3. Bottom plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present disclosure clearer, the following will further describe the embodiments of the present disclosure in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The proportions of the components are not drawn according to the actual proportions, and the proportions and sizes shown in the accompanying drawings should not limit the substantial technical scheme of the present invention. These embodiments do not describe all the details in detail, nor do they limit the invention to the specific embodiments described.

[0033] See also Figures 1 to 3 As shown, a multifunctional thermoelectric cooler includes a thermoelectric cooler plate arranged on a bottom plate, an outer plate is arranged above the thermoelectric cooler plate, a detection module composed of a plurality of detection units is arranged inside the outer plate, a plurality of independent circuits are arranged on the thermoelectric cooler plate, and the independent circuits correspond to the detection units one by one, a main control unit is arranged inside the bottom plate, and the main control unit is electrically connected to the thermoelectric cooler plate and the detection module.

[0034] A control method for a multifunctional thermoelectric cooler comprises the following steps: S1: The detection unit monitors in real time and sends the detection data to the main control unit; S2: The main control unit controls the power on and off of the corresponding independent circuit according to the detection data of each detection unit; S3: The main control unit determines whether it is necessary to adjust the output power of the energized independent circuit according to whether there are multiple independent circuits that need to be energized at the same time.

[0035] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 In one embodiment shown, Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a multifunctional thermoelectric cooler and a control method thereof according to the present invention. Figure 2 The figure is a diagram of the internal circuit of a thermoelectric cooler board of an embodiment of a multifunctional thermoelectric cooler and a control method thereof of the present invention. In a multifunctional thermoelectric cooler designed by the present invention, a solid base plate is provided at the bottom of the device, on which a thermoelectric cooler board is installed. The thermoelectric cooler board is the core part of the system and is responsible for the actual thermoelectric cooling process. An outer plate is installed above the thermoelectric cooler board, and a detection module composed of multiple detection units is integrated inside the outer plate. These detection modules are responsible for real-time monitoring of the temperature of each working area to ensure that the system can be accurately controlled according to actual needs. On the thermoelectric cooler board, four independent loops of the same size and adjustable power are designed, and each independent loop corresponds to a detection unit one by one to ensure that the loops do not interfere with each other and can independently control their corresponding working areas. The detection module consists of four detection units, and each independent loop corresponds to a detection unit above. The two are electrically connected to form an independent working area, and the size of each working area remains consistent to ensure the balance and consistency of the entire system. Both the bottom plate and the outer plate are designed to be detachable along the working area. This modular design is not only convenient for the assembly and disassembly of the equipment, but also for daily maintenance and overhaul. The main control unit is integrated inside the bottom plate. The main control unit is connected to the thermoelectric cooler board and the detection module through electrical connection. It is responsible for receiving the temperature data from the detection module and intelligently controlling the power-on and power-off operations of a single or multiple independent circuits based on these data. The detection unit used uses an NTC thermistor, which has the characteristics of high sensitivity and fast response, and can provide accurate temperature monitoring data, ensuring that the system can obtain the temperature information of each working area in real time, and realize accurate and efficient temperature control management.

[0036] The design of a multifunctional thermoelectric cooler designed by the present invention shows significant advantages in many aspects and improves the overall performance of the system. First, the configuration of independent loops enables personalized control of each working area, ensuring that the temperature requirements of each area are met independently and accurately, significantly improving the flexibility and adaptability of the system. By enabling the corresponding loop only in the required working area, the system can effectively improve energy utilization and avoid unnecessary energy consumption, thereby achieving a more energy-saving and environmentally friendly operation mode. In addition, the modular and detachable bottom plate and outer plate structure design greatly simplifies the maintenance and overhaul process of the equipment. Maintenance personnel can quickly locate and disassemble the relevant modules for inspection, repair or replacement without affecting the normal operation of the entire system, which not only reduces downtime, but also reduces maintenance costs, and improves the reliability and work efficiency of the system. The main control unit adopts an intelligent control algorithm, combined with adaptive control and fuzzy logic technology, and can dynamically adjust the output power of each independent loop according to real-time temperature data to ensure that the system always maintains efficient operation under different load conditions. This intelligent control method not only optimizes energy distribution, but also improves the response speed and control accuracy of the system, ensuring the stability and accuracy of temperature control. The detection unit uses NTC thermistor, which further enhances the system's temperature monitoring capability and provides fast and accurate temperature data support, ensuring that the temperature control system can respond to various temperature changes in a timely manner and maintain a constant temperature in the working area.

[0037] In one embodiment, the present invention is applied to cut the working area of ​​TEC into multiple small working areas, and control each working area by area, which is specifically divided into four independent loops: the first independent loop 2.1-2.2, the second independent loop 2.3-2.4, the third independent loop 2.5-2.6, and the fourth independent loop 2.7-2.8. The four independent loops correspond to four working areas, do not interfere with each other, and each working area can be controlled as required; secondly, if a certain area fails, it is also convenient to find and repair, which improves the fault detection rate. Assuming that there is only one heat source, when the heat source is located in the lower right corner, i.e., the first working area 1.4, the first independent circuit 2.1-2.2 is energized, so that the working area of ​​the first independent circuit 2.1-2.2 is refrigerated to cool the heat source, and the other circuits are not powered on; when the position of the heat source changes and is located in the upper left corner of the figure, i.e., the third working area 1.2, it is only necessary to energize the third independent circuit 2.5-2.6 and turn off the power supply of the first independent circuit 2.1-2.2 to ensure that the heat source continues to be absorbed under the same power consumption and the cooling effect is maintained. Assuming there are multiple heat sources, when the three heat sources are located in the first working area 1.2, the second working area 1.3 and the third working area 1.4, it is only necessary to energize the first independent circuit 2.1-2.2, the second independent circuit 2.3-2.4 and the third independent circuit 2.5-2.6, and disconnect the fourth independent circuit 2.7-2.8 to ensure the cooling effect on the heat source and save power consumption; when the positions of multiple heat sources change, for example, from the second working area 1.1 to the fourth working area 1.3, it is only necessary to disconnect the second independent circuit 2.3-2.4, energize the fourth independent circuit 2.7-2.8, and the remaining circuits continue to be energized to continuously absorb the heat of the heat source, and conveniently adjust the energized circuit to adapt to the change in the position of the heat source.

[0038] In this embodiment, the present invention achieves efficient and flexible thermal management by dividing the working area of ​​the thermoelectric cooler (TEC) into multiple small working areas and adopting a regional control method. Through regional control and independent loop design, the multifunctional thermoelectric cooler of the present invention not only achieves efficient and accurate temperature control management, but also optimizes energy utilization, simplifies maintenance procedures, greatly improves the overall performance and reliability of the system, and adapts to complex and changing application requirements.

[0039] like Figure 3 In one embodiment shown, Figure 3This is a flow chart of an embodiment of a multifunctional thermoelectric cooler and a control method thereof of the present invention. The control method of a multifunctional thermoelectric cooler proposed by the present invention realizes efficient temperature management of multiple independent working areas through precise step design. The entire control process is divided into three main steps: real-time monitoring, on-off control of independent circuits, and adaptive adjustment of output power.

[0040] First, in step S1, the system's detection units continuously monitor the temperature of each working area in real time. These detection units use highly sensitive NTC thermistors to quickly capture small changes in temperature and quickly transmit the monitoring data to the main control unit through electrical connections. The acquisition of real-time data ensures that the system has the ability to respond quickly to instantaneous temperature changes, laying the foundation for subsequent precise control.

[0041] Next, in step S2, the main control unit controls the power on and off of the corresponding independent circuits one by one according to the temperature data transmitted by each detection unit. Specifically, step S2 is further decomposed into the following sub-steps: Step S2.1: The main control unit first receives the temperature data from each detection unit. Each detection unit corresponds to an independent circuit to ensure the independence and accuracy of the data.

[0042] Step S2.2: The main control unit analyzes the received temperature data to determine whether it exceeds the preset temperature threshold. If a certain detection data exceeds its corresponding threshold, the system will enter step S2.4; otherwise, the system will transfer to step S2.3.

[0043] Step S2.3: When the detection data does not exceed the threshold, the main control unit will determine the detection units that do not exceed the threshold and control the corresponding independent circuits to power off accordingly. This operation not only saves energy, but also avoids unnecessary cooling, thereby improving the overall energy efficiency of the system. After completing the power-off operation, the system returns to step S1 and starts a new monitoring cycle.

[0044] Step S2.4: For the detection units whose detection data exceeds the threshold, the main control unit will determine the areas that exceed the threshold and control the power supply of the corresponding independent circuits accordingly. This operation enables the system to start cooling for specific high-temperature areas, ensuring that the temperature of each working area can achieve a good cooling effect.

[0045] After completing the power on / off control of step S2, the system enters step S3, which is the adaptive adjustment of the output power of the independent loop. The specific process of step S3 is as follows: Preliminary judgment in step S3: The main control unit first determines whether the number of independent circuits currently powered on reaches or exceeds three. If not, the system returns to step S1 to continue real-time monitoring and control; if it reaches or exceeds three, it enters a further power adjustment stage.

[0046] Power adjustment process: Temperature error and change rate calculation: Based on the real-time temperature data sent by each detection unit, the main control unit calculates the temperature error (i.e. the difference between the set temperature and the actual temperature) and its change rate of each area. These data reflect the accuracy of the current temperature control and the dynamic characteristics of the system response.

[0047] Adaptive control algorithm application: The system adopts an adaptive control algorithm to dynamically adjust the control parameters according to the real-time temperature error. The adaptive control algorithm can autonomously optimize the control strategy according to environmental changes and load fluctuations to ensure that the system can still maintain efficient operation under different conditions.

[0048] Fuzzy logic controller integration: In order to deal with nonlinearity and uncertainty in the system, the main control unit combines with the fuzzy logic controller for power adjustment. The fuzzy logic controller calculates the power adjustment required for each independent loop by processing fuzzy information and uncertain data, so that the system can operate stably in complex environments.

[0049] Dynamic weight adjustment mechanism: When adjusting power, the system uses a dynamic weight adjustment mechanism to reasonably allocate the total available power according to the load of each circuit. This mechanism ensures that when multiple circuits are powered on at the same time, each circuit can obtain the most appropriate power supply according to its own load requirements, thereby optimizing overall energy consumption and cooling effect.

[0050] The entire control process achieves precise and efficient control of the multifunctional thermoelectric cooler through closed-loop feedback. The combination of real-time monitoring, intelligent power-on and power-off control, and adaptive power adjustment enables the system to maintain a stable and efficient operating state when dealing with single or multiple heat sources.

[0051] The control method of a multifunctional thermoelectric cooler designed by the present invention shows significant advantages on multiple levels, greatly improving the overall performance, energy efficiency and maintenance convenience of the system. First of all, precise temperature control capability is one of the core advantages of this control method. By monitoring the temperature of each working area in real time, the main control unit can respond quickly to temperature changes to ensure that the temperature of each area is always maintained within the set range. Especially in complex environments with multiple heat sources, the system can independently regulate the corresponding circuits according to the location and intensity of each heat source to achieve high-precision local cooling. This precise temperature control not only ensures the normal operation of the equipment, but also extends the service life of the equipment and reduces the risk of failure due to overheating or temperature fluctuations.

[0052] Secondly, the on-off control of independent circuits enables the system to automatically power off in working areas that do not require cooling, avoiding unnecessary energy consumption. For example, when only some working areas require cooling, the system only activates the independent circuits corresponding to these areas, while other circuits remain closed. This on-demand activation strategy significantly reduces overall energy consumption, improves energy efficiency, and meets modern energy conservation and environmental protection requirements. In addition, when multiple circuits need to work at the same time, the system reasonably allocates available power through adaptive algorithms and dynamic weight adjustment mechanisms to ensure efficient operation under multi-load conditions, without causing partial circuit overload or insufficient cooling due to uneven power distribution.

[0053] By combining adaptive control algorithms and fuzzy logic controllers, the system can autonomously optimize control strategies and achieve dynamic adjustments in the face of environmental changes and load fluctuations. This intelligent control method not only improves the system's response speed and control accuracy, but also enables the system to maintain a stable operating state in the face of nonlinearity and uncertainty. For example, in complex industrial applications, the location and intensity of heat sources may change frequently, and traditional fixed control strategies are difficult to cope with. The intelligent control method of the present invention can flexibly adapt to ensure that each heat source can be effectively cooled.

[0054] Since the independent circuits correspond to the detection units one by one, when a fault occurs in any working area, the system can quickly locate the corresponding circuit and cut off the power supply, making it easier for maintenance personnel to detect and repair. The modular and detachable structural design further simplifies the maintenance and overhaul process of the equipment. Maintenance personnel can quickly replace or repair faulty modules without affecting the operation of the entire system, reducing downtime and maintenance costs, and improving the overall reliability and work efficiency of the system.

[0055] By intelligently controlling the on / off and power distribution of independent circuits, the system minimizes energy consumption while ensuring efficient cooling. This not only reduces operating costs, but also meets the high standards of modern industry for energy conservation and environmental protection, helping companies achieve their sustainable development goals.

[0056] Finally, the system's scalability and future upgrade potential provide guarantees for its long-term application. The modular independent loop design allows the system to flexibly increase or decrease the working area according to actual needs and adapt to application scenarios of different scales and complexities. At the same time, the intelligent control algorithm and adaptive adjustment mechanism leave ample room for future technology upgrades and functional expansions, allowing the system to change with the development of technology and changes in application needs.

[0057] In one embodiment, the specific process and method of power adjustment are as follows: The main control unit calculates the temperature error based on the detection data and uses the adaptive PID control algorithm to adjust the power of the corresponding independent loop.

[0058] Temperature error calculation: e i (i) = T 目标 -T 检则，i (t) Among them, e i (t) is the temperature error of the ith loop at time t; T 目标 is the set target temperature.

[0059] PID control formula: Among them, P PID,i (t) is the power output adjustment of the PID controller for the i-th loop at time t; K p (t), K i (t), K d (t) are the proportional, integral and differential gain coefficients, which are adaptively adjusted over time.

[0060] Adaptive PID parameter adjustment: Adaptive algorithm is used to adjust PID parameters according to the real-time response of the system: K p (t+1)=K p (t)+β p Δe(t) K i (t+1)=K i (t)+β i ·e i (t) Among them, β p , β i , β d To adjust the gain constant; Δe(t)=ei (t)-e i (t-1) is the increment of temperature error.

[0061] Fuzzy logic adjustment and dynamic weight allocation (step S3) On the basis of adaptive PID control, a fuzzy logic controller is introduced to further deal with nonlinearity and uncertainty, and the distribution of total power is optimized through dynamic weight allocation.

[0062] The fuzzy logic controller calculates the power adjustment: The temperature error ei(t) and the error change rate Converted into fuzzy variables: Generate fuzzy power adjustment value ΔP based on fuzzy rule base Fuzzy，i (t); If e i (t) high and High, then ΔP Fuzzy，i (t) large; If e i (t) low and Low, then ΔP Fuzzy，i (t) Small.

[0063] Defuzzification, converting the fuzzy adjustment amount into a specific value:

[0064] Dynamic Weight Allocation: The total available power P of the main control unit is dynamically allocated according to the temperature error and change rate of each circuit. total (t) To each independent circuit: Among them, W i (t) is the weight of the i-th loop at time t; is a weight function based on temperature error and rate of change (which can be designed using fuzzy logic); N is the total number of independent loops in the system.

[0065] Combine PID control output, fuzzy logic adjustment and dynamic weight to calculate the final independent loop output power P i (t): P i (t) = W i (t)·P total (t)+P PID，i (t)+ΔP Fuzzy，i (t) Among them, P i (t) is the final output power of the ith independent loop at time t; P total (t) is the total available power allocated to the main control unit, usually the system power upper limit P max .

[0066] Power Limitation: Ensure that the power of each circuit does not exceed the set range: Among them, P min is the minimum power of each circuit; P max，i is the maximum power of the ith circuit.

[0067] Feedback and Adaptive Optimization The system continuously monitors the temperature and power output of each loop, and the feedback information is used to further optimize the adaptive PID parameters and fuzzy logic rules to ensure the stability and efficiency of the system in a dynamic environment.

[0068] Error feedback: The system is based on the new temperature measurement value T 检测，i (t+Δt) calculate the new error e i (t+Δt), and readjust the PID parameters and fuzzy logic. Adaptive adjustment formula reuse: K p (t+Δt)=K p (t)+β p ·Δe(t) K i (t+Δt)=K i (t)+β i ·e i (t) At the same time, the fuzzy logic controller regenerates ΔP according to the latest error situation. Fuzzy，i (t+Δt).

[0069] The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments. No matter any changes are made in the shape or material composition, any structural design provided by the present invention is a variation of the present invention and should be considered to be within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multifunctional thermoelectric cooler, characterized in that: The invention comprises a thermoelectric cooler plate (2) arranged on a bottom plate (3), an outer plate (1) being arranged above the thermoelectric cooler plate (2), a detection module composed of a plurality of detection units being arranged inside the outer plate (1), a plurality of independent circuits being arranged on the thermoelectric cooler plate (2), the independent circuits corresponding to the detection units one by one, a main control unit being arranged inside the bottom plate (3), the main control unit being electrically connected to the thermoelectric cooler plate (2) and the detection module.

2. A multifunctional thermoelectric cooler according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thermoelectric cooler plate (2) is provided with four independent circuits of the same size and adjustable power, and the independent circuits do not interfere with each other.

3. A multifunctional thermoelectric cooler according to claim 2, characterized in that: The detection module is composed of four detection units, and each independent circuit corresponds to a detection unit. The two are electrically connected to form a working area, and each working area has the same size.

4. A multifunctional thermoelectric cooler according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: The bottom plate (3) and the outer plate (1) are both detachable structures along the working area.

5. A multifunctional thermoelectric cooler according to claim 4, characterized in that: The main control unit receives detection data from the detection module and controls the on and off of power to a single or multiple independent circuits according to the detection data.

6. A multifunctional thermoelectric cooler according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: The detection unit adopts an NTC thermistor.

7. A control method for a multifunctional thermoelectric cooler, using a multifunctional thermoelectric cooler according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: The detection unit monitors in real time and sends the detection data to the main control unit; S2: The main control unit controls the power on and off of the corresponding independent circuit according to the detection data of each detection unit; S3: The main control unit determines whether it is necessary to adjust the output power of the energized independent circuit according to whether there are multiple independent circuits that need to be energized at the same time.

8. The control method of a multifunctional thermoelectric cooler according to claim 7, characterized in that: The step S2 comprises the following steps: S2.1: The main control unit receives the detection data sent by each detection unit; S2.2: The main control unit determines whether the detection data exceeds the threshold value. If so, it proceeds to step S2.4; if not, it proceeds to step S2.3; S2.3: The main control unit determines the detection unit corresponding to the detection data that does not exceed the threshold value, and controls the corresponding independent circuit to power off and return to step S1; S2.4: The main control unit determines the detection unit corresponding to the detection data exceeding the threshold value, and controls the corresponding independent circuit to be energized.

9. The control method of a multifunctional thermoelectric cooler according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step S3, the main control unit determines whether the number of independent circuits that have been powered on is greater than or equal to three. If not, the process returns to step S1. If so, the output power of the corresponding independent circuit is adjusted through an adaptive algorithm according to the temperature in the detection data.

10. The control method of a multifunctional thermoelectric cooler according to claim 9, characterized in that: The method of adjusting the output power of the corresponding independent loop by an adaptive algorithm according to the temperature in the detection data comprises the following steps: Calculate the temperature error and its rate of change according to the temperature in the detection data; Adopt adaptive control algorithm to dynamically adjust parameters according to real-time temperature error; Combined with fuzzy logic controller, it can handle nonlinearity and uncertainty in the system and calculate power adjustment; Through the dynamic weight adjustment mechanism, the output power of independent loops is controlled according to the load conditions of each loop, and the total available power is reasonably allocated.

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