Rapid high-quality breeding method for Xinqi grapes

Abstract

The invention provides a rapid and high-quality breeding method for Xinqi grapes. The rapid and high-quality breeding method comprises the six steps of selection and treatment of cuttings, disinfection of the cuttings, root promoting of an electric heating hotbed, substrate preparation, cutting seedling raising and transplanting. By means of the single bud pruning method, most cuttings can be obtained, a compound solution of indoleacetic acid and indolebutyric acid is used as a rooting agent, main roots and lateral roots can germinate at the same time, the growth speed is increased by 50% or above, a fermentation substrate nutrition bag is further used for cutting seedling raising, it is guaranteed that nutrition supply is balanced, the emergence rate can reach 98% or above, and the survival rate of seedlings is increased by 50% or above. The survival rate reaches 95% or above, and the breeding period is short.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of grape cultivation, and in particular relates to a method for rapid and high-quality breeding of Xinyu grapes. Background Art

[0002] The "Xinyu" grape variety is bred from the natural hybrid single plant E42-6 of "Red Globe" as the female parent and "Rizamat" as the male parent. It was registered by the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Crop Variety Registration Committee in 2005. This variety matures in late September, with oval berries and purple-red skin. The average single berry weight is 15.6g, the flesh is crisp, sweet and sour, the soluble solids content is 16% to 19%, the total acid is 0.33% to 0.39%, the storage and transportation performance is good, the quality is excellent, and the cultivation adaptability is strong. It is an excellent variety independently bred and widely promoted in southern Xinjiang in recent years.

[0003] In recent years, as the benefits of grape planting have continued to improve, more and more fruit farmers have planted grapes. Grape seedling breeding methods mainly include tissue culture technology and traditional branch cutting technology. The existing branch cutting methods often have the following problems: (1) The cuttings are pruned with two buds, and the ear emergence rate of single-plant cuttings is 50% less than that of single-bud pruning; (2) Cuttings are mostly disinfected with a single disinfectant, which cannot be guaranteed to be thoroughly disinfected, causing the hotbed to be infected with viruses after cutting, reducing the survival rate and affecting the health of the cuttings; (3) A single rooting agent is used to promote rooting, mainly to promote the growth of the taproot; (4) Electric hotbeds often use a uniform temperature to promote rooting, which is easy to burn the roots and affect the germination rate; (5) The time of transplanting seedlings is relatively random, resulting in a low seedling emergence rate. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a fast and high-quality breeding method suitable for Xinyu grapes. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a rapid and high-quality breeding method for Xinyu grapes in view of the deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art. The method can cut out the most cuttings and can promote the simultaneous germination of the main root and the lateral root, with a high seedling rate and a high survival rate.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0006] A method for rapid and high-quality breeding of Xinyu grapes, the method comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1. Selection and processing of cuttings

[0008] In early March, select branches of the current year with pure varieties, strong growth, no diseases and insect pests, uniform internode length, and full buds as cuttings. Each cutting is pruned with a single bud, the buds facing upward, the upper cut 1.5 cm above the buds, and the lower cut 7-8 cm below the buds to obtain cuttings;

[0009] S2. Disinfection of cuttings

[0010] Soak a bundle of 50 cuttings cut from S1 in a carbendazim solution for 3 hours, and then soak in a mancozeb solution for 3 hours to obtain sterilized cuttings;

[0011] S3, electric heating hotbed rooting

[0012] In mid-to-late March, the sterilized cuttings obtained from S2 were quickly soaked with a mixed solution of indoleacetic acid and indolebutyric acid to promote the simultaneous germination of the main root and lateral root. Then, an electric hotbed was used to promote rooting. The temperature was controlled at 18°C ​​on the first day and then at 24°C for 20-24 days to form callus. After 3-4 days of callus, the top buds began to sprout and the cuttings could be inserted into the nutrient bag.

[0013] S4. Matrix preparation

[0014] The sheep manure, oil residue, urea, diammonium phosphate and superphosphate are mixed evenly to obtain a fermentation substrate, and then fermentation water is added to the substrate, and the substrate is stirred evenly. Fermentation begins at the end of June each year, and the substrate is stirred once every 15 days, and water is added in time to ensure that the moisture content of the substrate is 60-70%. After stirring, the substrate is covered with plastic cloth. After 30 days, the fermentation is complete to obtain a fermentation product; the obtained fermentation product is then fully mixed with natural soil to obtain a substrate, and the substrate is put into a nutrient bag;

[0015] S5. Cutting seedlings

[0016] In early April, when the ground temperature exceeds 12°C in the morning, the cuttings treated in S3 are inserted into the nutrient bags obtained in S4 at a depth of 6 to 8 cm, with the top of the cuttings exposed to the soil surface and the buds facing upward. Immediately after the cuttings, water is poured to keep the soil moist. The ambient temperature is maintained at 16 to 18°C ​​and the relative humidity is 40 to 60%. After 30 days, the nutrient bag seedlings are obtained;

[0017] S6. Transplanting

[0018] From the end of April to the beginning of May, choose a cloudy day to plant the nutrient bag seedlings obtained from S5.

[0019] Preferably, the concentration of the carbendazim solution in S2 is 0.1-2%, and the concentration of the mancozeb solution is 0.25-0.35%.

[0020] Preferably, the concentrations of indoleacetic acid and indolebutyric acid in the mixed solution of indoleacetic acid and indolebutyric acid in S3 are both 3 g / L.

[0021] Preferably, the mass ratio of the sheep manure, oil residue, urea, diammonium phosphate and superphosphate in S4 is 6: (0.9-1.2): (0.8-1): (0.8-1): (0.5-1).

[0022] Preferably, the fermentation water in S4 is made of yeast and brown sugar water, the mass ratio of the yeast to the brown sugar water is (0.5-0.8):2, wherein the concentration of the brown sugar water is 2-3%.

[0023] Preferably, the mass ratio of the fermentation product to the natural soil in S4 is (5-10):6.

[0024] Preferably, the nutrient bag in S4 is a non-woven bag.

[0025] The present invention has significant technical effects due to the adoption of the above technical solution:

[0026] The invention provides a rapid and high-quality breeding method for Xinyu grapes. The method can achieve a seedling emergence rate of more than 98%, a survival rate of more than 95%, and a short breeding cycle. Compared with the prior art, the method has the following advantages: (1) single bud pruning can obtain the most cuttings; (2) carbendazim solution and mancozeb solution are used for disinfection in sequence, which can ensure that the virus infection rate after cutting is low and the survival rate is high; (3) indoleacetic acid and indolebutyric acid compound solution is used as a rooting agent, which can promote the simultaneous germination of main roots and lateral roots, and the growth rate is increased by more than 50%; (4) an electric heating hotbed is used to control the temperature for rooting, which not only avoids the use of a uniform temperature to cause root burns, but also cuttings are carried out when the top bud begins to sprout 3 to 4 days after the callus tissue appears, thereby ensuring the survival rate; (5) a nutrient bag of a fermented matrix is ​​used for cutting seedling cultivation, thereby ensuring a balanced nutrient supply.

[0027] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] Example 1

[0029] This embodiment is a method for rapid and high-quality breeding of Xinyu grapes, which comprises the following steps:

[0030] S1. Selection and processing of cuttings

[0031] In early March, select branches of the current year that are of pure variety, strong growth, free of pests and diseases, with uniform internode length and full buds as cuttings. Prune each cutting to leave a single bud, with the bud facing upward, the upper cut 1.5 cm above the bud, and the lower cut 8 cm below the bud to obtain cuttings.

[0032] S2. Disinfection of cuttings

[0033] A bundle of 50 cuttings cut from S1 was soaked in a 2% carbendazim solution for 3 hours, and then soaked in a 0.25% mancozeb solution for 3 hours to obtain sterilized cuttings.

[0034] S3, electric heating hotbed rooting

[0035] In mid-to-late March, the disinfected cuttings obtained from S2 were quickly wetted with a mixed solution of 3g / L indoleacetic acid and 3g / L indolebutyric acid to promote the simultaneous germination of the main root and lateral root. Then an electric hotbed was used to promote root growth. The temperature was controlled at 18°C ​​on the first day and then at 24°C for 20 days to form callus tissue. Four days after the callus tissue appeared, the apical buds began to sprout and the cuttings could be inserted into nutrient bags.

[0036] S4. Matrix preparation

[0037] Sheep manure, oil residue, urea, diammonium phosphate and superphosphate are mixed evenly in a mass ratio of 6:0.9:1:1:1 to obtain a fermentation substrate, and then fermentation water is added to the substrate, and it is stirred evenly. Fermentation begins at the end of June every year, and it is stirred every 15 days. Water is added in time to ensure that the moisture content of the substrate is 60%. After stirring, it is covered with plastic cloth. After 30 days, the fermentation is complete to obtain a fermentation product; then the obtained fermentation product and natural soil are fully mixed in a mass ratio of 3:2 to obtain a matrix, which is loaded into a non-woven nutrient bag with a diameter of 12 cm and a height of 18 cm; wherein, the fermentation water is prepared in a mass ratio of yeast: brown sugar water = 0.6:2, and the brown sugar water is prepared by mixing 2g brown sugar and 100mL water.

[0038] S5. Cutting seedlings

[0039] In early April, when the ground temperature exceeds 12℃ in the morning, the cuttings treated in S3 are inserted into the nutrient bags obtained in S4 with an insertion depth of 7cm. The tops of the cuttings are exposed above the soil surface with the buds facing upward. Water them thoroughly immediately after insertion to keep the soil moist. Keep the ambient temperature at 16-18℃ and the relative humidity at 40-60%. After 25-28 days, nutrient bag seedlings are obtained.

[0040] S6. Transplanting

[0041] From the end of April to the beginning of May, choose a cloudy day to plant the nutrient bag seedlings obtained from S5.

[0042] In this embodiment, the emergence rate of Xinyu grapes was 99% and the survival rate was 96%.

[0043] Example 2

[0044] This embodiment is a method for rapid and high-quality breeding of Xinyu grapes, which comprises the following steps:

[0045] S1. Selection and processing of cuttings

[0046] In early March, select branches of the current year that are of pure variety, strong growth, free of pests and diseases, with uniform internode length and full buds as cuttings. Prune each cutting to leave a single bud, with the bud facing upward, the upper cut 1.5 cm above the bud, and the lower cut 7 cm below the bud to obtain cuttings.

[0047] S2. Disinfection of cuttings

[0048] A bundle of 50 cuttings cut from S1 was soaked in a 1% carbendazim solution for 3 hours, and then soaked in a 0.35% mancozeb solution for 3 hours to obtain sterilized cuttings.

[0049] S3, electric heating hotbed rooting

[0050] In mid-to-late March, the disinfected cuttings obtained from S2 were quickly wetted with a mixed solution of 3g / L indoleacetic acid and 3g / L indolebutyric acid to promote the simultaneous germination of the main root and lateral roots. Then an electric hotbed was used to promote root growth. The temperature was controlled at 18°C ​​on the first day and then at 24°C for 24 days to form callus tissue. Three days after the callus tissue appeared, the apical buds began to sprout and the cuttings could be inserted into nutrient bags.

[0051] S4. Matrix preparation

[0052] Sheep manure, oil residue, urea, diammonium phosphate and superphosphate are mixed evenly in a mass ratio of 6:1.2:0.8:0.8:0.5 to obtain a fermentation substrate, and then fermentation water is added to the substrate, and it is stirred evenly. Fermentation begins at the end of June every year, and it is stirred every 15 days. Water is added in time to ensure that the moisture content of the substrate is 65%. After stirring, it is covered with plastic cloth. After 30 days, the fermentation is complete to obtain a fermentation product; then the obtained fermentation product and natural soil are fully mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1 to obtain a matrix, which is loaded into a non-woven nutrient bag with a diameter of 20 cm and a height of 35 cm; wherein, the fermentation water is prepared in a mass ratio of yeast: brown sugar water = 0.8:2, and the brown sugar water is prepared by mixing 3g brown sugar and 100mL water.

[0053] S5. Cutting seedlings

[0054] In early April, when the ground temperature exceeds 12℃ in the morning, the cuttings treated in S3 are inserted into the nutrient bags obtained in S4 with an insertion depth of 6cm. The tops of the cuttings are exposed above the soil surface with the buds facing upward. Water the cuttings immediately after insertion to keep the soil moist. Keep the ambient temperature at 16-18℃ and the relative humidity at 40-60%. Nutrient bag seedlings will be obtained after 22-27 days.

[0055] S6. Transplanting

[0056] From the end of April to the beginning of May, choose a cloudy day to plant the nutrient bag seedlings obtained from S5.

[0057] In this embodiment, the emergence rate of Xinyu grapes was 98%, and the survival rate was 95%.

[0058] Comparative Example 1

[0059] A conventional breeding method for Xinyu grapes comprises the following steps:

[0060] S1. Selection and processing of cuttings

[0061] In early March, select branches of the current year that are of pure variety, strong growth, free of pests and diseases, with uniform internode length and full buds as cuttings. Prune each cutting to leave 2 buds, with the buds facing upward, the upper cut 1.5 cm above the buds, and the lower cut 8 cm below the buds to obtain cuttings.

[0062] S2. Disinfection of cuttings

[0063] A bundle of 50 cuttings cut from S1 was soaked in a 0.1% carbendazim solution for 3 hours to obtain sterilized cuttings.

[0064] S3, electric heating hotbed rooting

[0065] In mid-to-late March, the disinfected cuttings obtained from S2 were quickly soaked in a 3g / L indoleacetic acid solution, and then roots were promoted in an electric hotbed with the temperature controlled at 24°C for 20 days to form callus tissue. Four days after the callus tissue appeared, the top buds began to sprout and the cuttings could be inserted into nutrient bags.

[0066] S4. Matrix preparation

[0067] Natural soil, sheep manure, urea and diammonium phosphate were evenly mixed in a mass ratio of 10:8:1:1 to obtain a matrix, which was then put into a non-woven nutrient bag with a diameter of 12 cm and a height of 18 cm.

[0068] S5. Cutting seedlings

[0069] In early April, the cuttings treated in S3 are inserted into the nutrient bags obtained in S4 with an insertion depth of 8 cm. The tops of the cuttings are exposed above the soil surface with the buds facing upward. Water is poured immediately after cuttings to keep the soil moist. The ambient temperature is maintained at 16-18°C and the relative humidity is maintained at 40-60%. After 30 days, nutrient bag seedlings are obtained.

[0070] S6. Transplanting

[0071] At the end of April to the beginning of May, the nutrient bag seedlings obtained from S5 were planted.

[0072] In comparative example 1, the emergence rate of Xinyu grapes by conventional breeding method was 90%, and the survival rate was 85%.

[0073] The rapid and high-quality breeding method of the Xinyu grape of the present invention can achieve a seedling rate of more than 98%, a survival rate of more than 95%, a short breeding cycle, a great improvement over the existing method, and has a broad prospect for promotion and use.

[0074] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention in any way. Any simple modification, change and equivalent change made to the above embodiment according to the technical essence of the invention still falls within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for rapid and high-quality breeding of Xinyu grapes, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: S1. Selection and processing of cuttings In early March, select branches of the current year with pure varieties, strong growth, no diseases and insect pests, uniform internode length, and full buds as cuttings. Each cutting is pruned with a single bud, the buds facing upward, the upper cut 1.5 cm above the buds, and the lower cut 7-8 cm below the buds to obtain cuttings; S2. Disinfection of cuttings Soak a bundle of 50 cuttings cut from S1 in a carbendazim solution for 3 hours, and then soak in a mancozeb solution for 3 hours to obtain sterilized cuttings; S3, electric heating hotbed rooting In mid-to-late March, the sterilized cuttings obtained from S2 were quickly soaked with a mixed solution of indoleacetic acid and indolebutyric acid to promote the simultaneous germination of the main root and lateral root. Then, an electric hotbed was used to promote rooting. The temperature was controlled at 18°C ​​on the first day and then at 24°C for 20-24 days to form callus. After 3-4 days of callus, the top buds began to sprout and the cuttings could be inserted into the nutrient bag. S4. Matrix preparation The sheep manure, oil residue, urea, diammonium phosphate and superphosphate are mixed evenly to obtain a fermentation substrate, and then fermentation water is added to the substrate, and the substrate is stirred evenly. Fermentation begins at the end of June each year, and the substrate is stirred once every 15 days, and water is added in time to ensure that the moisture content of the substrate is 60-70%. After stirring, the substrate is covered with plastic cloth. After 30 days, the fermentation is complete to obtain a fermentation product; the obtained fermentation product is then fully mixed with natural soil to obtain a substrate, and the substrate is put into a nutrient bag; S5. Cutting seedlings In early April, when the ground temperature exceeds 12°C in the morning, the cuttings treated in S3 are inserted into the nutrient bags obtained in S4 at a depth of 6 to 8 cm, with the top of the cuttings exposed to the soil surface and the buds facing upward. Immediately after the cuttings, water is poured to keep the soil moist. The ambient temperature is maintained at 16 to 18°C ​​and the relative humidity is 40 to 60%. After 30 days, the nutrient bag seedlings are obtained; S6. Transplanting From the end of April to the beginning of May, choose a cloudy day to plant the nutrient bag seedlings obtained from S5.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The concentration of the carbendazim solution in S2 is 0.1-2%, and the concentration of the mancozeb solution is 0.25-0.35%.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The concentrations of indoleacetic acid and indolebutyric acid in the mixed solution of indoleacetic acid and indolebutyric acid in S3 are both 3 g / L.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The mass ratio of sheep manure, oil residue, urea, diammonium phosphate and superphosphate in S4 is 6: (0.9-1.2): (0.8-1): (0.8-1): (0.5-1).

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fermentation water in S4 is made of yeast and brown sugar water, the mass ratio of the yeast to the brown sugar water is (0.5-0.8):2, and the concentration of the brown sugar water is 2-3%.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The mass ratio of the fermentation product to the natural soil in S4 is (5-10):

6.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The nutrition bag described in S4 is a non-woven bag.