Vacuum melting and pouring integrated device

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of vacuum melting and dipping, in particular to a vacuum melting and pouring integrated device. The device mainly comprises a furnace body, a vacuumizing mechanism, a crucible translation mechanism and a crucible lifting mechanism, a smelting heating sensor and a pouring heating sensor are fixedly arranged in the furnace body, and when the interior of the furnace reaches a vacuum condition, the smelting heating sensor and the pouring heating sensor work synchronously; the metal material in the smelting crucible and the to-be-impregnated product in the product crucible are rapidly heated, and then the metal solution is poured into the to-be-impregnated product, so that the vacuum full impregnation effect of impregnating the to-be-impregnated product is achieved. The process from metal or alloy smelting to product pouring is achieved in the furnace body at the same time, meanwhile, the device has the advantages of being efficient, high in reliability and safety, and the actual industrial large-scale production requirement of equipment can be met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of vacuum melting and impregnation, and in particular to a vacuum melting and pouring integrated device. Background Art

[0002] Vacuum melting is a process technology that heats and melts metals or alloys under a vacuum environment. Vacuum impregnation is a process technology that fills liquid impregnation substances into the internal pores of porous materials or solid materials through pressure difference under vacuum conditions. Impregnating molten metals or alloys into products can greatly enhance the performance of materials and eliminate internal defects of materials. At present, high-temperature vacuum impregnation equipment is still in an imperfect stage of development, and there is still a lack of mature equipment that can effectively meet the needs of actual industrial large-scale production. In the existing technical field, there is no set of relatively mature equipment to realize the metal or alloy melting and pouring process under a vacuum environment, which undoubtedly increases the complexity, cost and time cycle of production. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the problems existing in the existing field of high-temperature vacuum melting and impregnation technology, the present invention provides a vacuum melting and pouring integrated device. Under a high-temperature vacuum environment, the device can simultaneously realize the process of melting metal or alloy to pouring products. At the same time, this equipment integrates high efficiency, high reliability and safety, and can meet the actual industrial large-scale production needs of the equipment.

[0004] In order to achieve the above technical objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0005] Provided is a vacuum melting and pouring integrated device, comprising a furnace body, a vacuum pumping mechanism, a crucible translation mechanism and a crucible lifting mechanism;

[0006] A support frame is provided at the bottom of the furnace body, a furnace cover is provided at the top of the furnace body, a smelting heating inductor and a pouring heating inductor are fixedly arranged inside the furnace body, a discharge port is provided at the bottom of the furnace body, a plug valve is provided at the discharge port, the crucible lifting mechanism is provided below the discharge port, the crucible translation mechanism is provided on one side close to the crucible lifting mechanism, a vacuum pipe port is provided on the furnace body, and the furnace body is connected to the vacuum mechanism through the vacuum pipe port;

[0007] A smelting crucible is fixedly arranged inside the smelting heating inductor, and the pouring heating inductor is used to accommodate the product crucible transported by the crucible lifting mechanism;

[0008] The crucible translation mechanism comprises a moving track, a moving vehicle is arranged on the moving track, and one end of the moving track is located at the crucible lifting mechanism.

[0009] Preferably, the vacuum pumping mechanism is composed of a plurality of vacuum pumps, which include a sliding valve pump, a Roots pump and a pneumatic butterfly valve. The sliding valve pump and the Roots pump are connected to one end of the pneumatic butterfly valve through a first vacuum pumping pipe, and the other end of the pneumatic butterfly valve is connected to the vacuum pipe port of the furnace body through a second vacuum pumping pipe.

[0010] Preferably, the furnace cover is provided with a hydraulic lifting device and an observation window is provided on the furnace cover.

[0011] Preferably, the smelting heating inductor and the pouring heating inductor are both induction coils wound with copper tubes.

[0012] Preferably, the smelting heating inductor and the pouring heating inductor are both connected to an IGBT medium frequency power supply via electrodes.

[0013] Preferably, the device further comprises a water cooling system, wherein the water cooling system is provided with separate cooling water circulation pipelines for the smelting heating inductor, the pouring heating inductor and the furnace body respectively.

[0014] Preferably, the furnace body adopts a double-layer water sandwich structure.

[0015] Preferably, a tubular fixing structure is provided between the product crucible and the pouring heating inductor.

[0016] Preferably, a funnel structure is overlapped on the top of the tubular fixed structure, and the bottom of the funnel structure extends into the interior of the product crucible.

[0017] Preferably, operating tables are provided on both sides of the furnace body, and the operating tables include a frame structure welded from section steel and steel plates.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0019] 1) The present invention is provided with a smelting heating inductor and a pouring heating inductor in the furnace body. When the furnace reaches vacuum conditions, the smelting heating inductor and the pouring heating inductor operate synchronously to quickly heat the metal material in the smelting crucible and the product to be impregnated in the product crucible, respectively. The rapid melting of the metal material and the rapid heating of the product to be impregnated can be carried out simultaneously. When both reach the process temperature at basically the same time, the metal solution in the smelting crucible is poured onto the product to be impregnated. Subsequently, the crucible of the product to be impregnated is placed in the bell jar with the help of a pressurized platform for gas pressurization, and finally a full impregnation effect is achieved. In the vacuum furnace body, the vacuum smelting and vacuum pouring processes of the metal material are completed simultaneously, reducing the complexity, cost and time cycle of production.

[0020] 2) At the same time, because the smelting heating inductor and the pouring heating inductor can work synchronously, the metal smelting process and the heating process of the product to be impregnated are carried out synchronously under the same vacuum condition, and the temperature is controlled by independent inductors, which shortens the smelting and pouring process time and can effectively improve production efficiency. In addition, the present invention completes the vacuuming of the furnace body through one or more groups of sliding valve pumps and Roots pumps, which shortens the vacuuming process time.

[0021] 3) The present invention sets separate cooling water circulation pipelines for the smelting heating sensor, pouring heating sensor, furnace body and other equipment through the water cooling system, so as to ensure that the equipment will not overheat under high power operation, can work continuously and stably, and also prolong the service life of the equipment. At the same time, the pouring funnel added above the product crucible has a structural characteristic of being wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, which can effectively avoid the splashing of high-temperature metal alloy liquid during the pouring process, ensure production safety and prolong the service life of the equipment.

[0022] The structural design of the present invention has high reliability, durability and safety, and is very suitable for actual industrial production.

[0023] In summary, the present invention realizes the process of melting metal or alloy to casting products in the furnace body at the same time, and also has the advantages of high efficiency, high reliability and safety, which can meet the actual industrial large-scale production needs of the equipment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a vacuum melting and pouring integrated device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] In the attached drawings, 1. furnace body; 2. furnace cover; 3. smelting heating sensor; 4. pouring heating sensor; 5. support frame; 6. crucible lifting mechanism; 7. moving vehicle; 8. moving track; 9. sliding valve pump; 10. Roots pump; 11. pneumatic butterfly valve; 12. first vacuum tube; 13. second vacuum tube; 14. vacuum tube mouth; 15. hydraulic lifting device; 16. observation window; 17. operating table; 18. gate valve; 19. smelting crucible; 20. product crucible; 21. sealed rotary bearing. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The following will be combined with the attached embodiment of the present invention Figure 1 , the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "bottom", "one end", "top", "middle", "the other end", "upper", "one side", "top", "inside", "front", "both ends" and the like indicate positions or location relationships based on the attached Figure 1 The orientation or positional relationship shown is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0028] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly stipulated and limited, the terms such as "installation", "setting", "connection", "fixation" and "screw-on" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral one; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. Unless otherwise clearly defined, ordinary technicians in this field can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0029] Example 1

[0030] The embodiment of the present invention provides a vacuum melting and pouring integrated device, comprising a furnace body 1, a vacuum pumping mechanism, a crucible translation mechanism and a crucible lifting mechanism 6;

[0031] A support frame 5 is provided at the bottom of the furnace body 1, a furnace cover 2 is provided at the top of the furnace body 1, a smelting heating inductor 3 and a pouring heating inductor 4 are fixedly provided inside the furnace body 1, a discharge port is provided at the bottom of the furnace body 1, a gate valve 18 is provided at the discharge port, a crucible lifting mechanism 6 is provided below the discharge port, a crucible translation mechanism is provided on the side close to the crucible lifting mechanism 6, a vacuum pipe port 14 is provided on the furnace body 1, and the furnace body 1 is connected to the vacuum mechanism through the vacuum pipe port 14;

[0032] A smelting crucible 19 is fixedly arranged inside the smelting heating inductor 3, and the smelting heating inductor is used to heat and melt the solid metal alloy placed in the smelting crucible. The inside of the pouring heating inductor 4 is used to accommodate the product crucible 20 transported by the crucible lifting mechanism 6, and the pouring heating inductor is used to heat the product in the product crucible.

[0033] The crucible translation mechanism comprises a moving track 8 , on which a moving vehicle 7 is arranged. One end of the moving track 8 is located at the crucible lifting mechanism. The moving vehicle 7 is used to transport the product crucible 20 to the crucible lifting mechanism 6 .

[0034] Example 2

[0035] The embodiment of the present invention provides a vacuum melting and pouring integrated device, comprising a furnace body 1, a vacuum pumping mechanism, a crucible translation mechanism and a crucible lifting mechanism 6;

[0036] A support frame 5 is provided at the bottom of the furnace body 1 so that the furnace body is at a certain height from the ground. A furnace cover 2 is provided on the top of the furnace body 1. A smelting heating inductor 3 and a pouring heating inductor 4 are fixedly provided inside the furnace body 1. A discharge port is provided at the bottom of the furnace body 1. A gate valve 18 is provided at the discharge port. A crucible lifting mechanism 6 is provided at the bottom of the furnace body 1 directly below the discharge port. A crucible translation mechanism is provided on one side close to the crucible lifting mechanism 6. A vacuum pipe port 14 is provided on the furnace body 1. The furnace body 1 is connected to the vacuum mechanism through the vacuum pipe port 14.

[0037] The smelting heating inductor 3 and the pouring heating inductor 4 are both induction coils wound with copper tubes. A smelting crucible 19 is fixedly arranged inside the smelting heating inductor 3, and the inside of the pouring heating inductor 4 is used to accommodate a product crucible 20 transported by a crucible lifting mechanism 6.

[0038] The crucible translation mechanism comprises a moving track 8 , on which a moving vehicle 7 is arranged. One end of the moving track 8 is located at the crucible lifting mechanism. The moving vehicle 7 is used to transport the product crucible 20 to the crucible lifting mechanism 6 .

[0039] In this embodiment, the vacuum pumping mechanism can be composed of a plurality of vacuum pumps, each group of vacuum pumps includes a slide valve pump 9, a Roots pump 10 and a pneumatic butterfly valve 11, the slide valve pump 9 and the Roots pump 10 are connected to one end of the pneumatic butterfly valve 11 through a first vacuum pumping pipe 12, and the other end of the pneumatic butterfly valve 11 is connected to the vacuum pipe port 14 of the furnace body 1 through a second vacuum pumping pipe 13, and a vacuum filter is provided in the pneumatic butterfly valve 11 for absorbing impurities in the vacuum pumping process to prevent the pump body from being blocked. When the vacuum pumping mechanism is working, the slide valve pump 9 will be started first to roughly vacuum the closed furnace body 1, and when the vacuum degree reaches the pre-vacuum range in which the Roots pump 10 can work normally, the Roots pump 10 will be started again. On this basis, the Roots pump 10 continues to pump air to achieve the required vacuum degree. During the vacuum pumping process, the vacuum degree measurement can be performed by a composite digital vacuum gauge to accurately control the operation of the slide valve pump 9 and the Roots pump 10. In addition, this vacuum pumping mechanism can also be connected to an exhaust gas collection system, and the dust in the vacuum furnace can be directly pumped to the exhaust gas collection system through the vacuum pump and will not enter the oil lubrication chamber of the vacuum system.

[0040] In this embodiment, the furnace cover is provided with a hydraulic lifting device 15 to realize the rotation opening or closing of the furnace cover 2, and the furnace cover 2 is provided with an observation window 16, which can be a multi-station rotating observation window. The hydraulic lifting device can directly use the currently more mature hydraulic lifting platform products.

[0041] In this embodiment, the smelting heating inductor 3 and the pouring heating inductor 4 are both connected to the IGBT medium frequency power supply through electrodes. The ICBT medium frequency power supply is a static frequency conversion device that uses silicon components and IGBT modules to convert the industrial frequency three-phase AC power supply into a single-phase medium frequency power supply. The smelting heating inductor 3 can use a 250KW IGBT medium frequency power supply, and the pouring heating inductor 4 can use a 160KW IGBT medium frequency power supply, and the average power factor of the power supply reaches above 0.95. In the specific implementation process, the IGBT medium frequency power supply can be used for three-phase rectification and conduction, which can maintain a high DC voltage, and the corresponding operation is simple and convenient for maintenance. The medium frequency power supply sends the medium frequency current to the inductor in the furnace through the electrode, and the electrode is connected to the water cooling system cable outside the furnace for power supply, so that the rectification and frequency conversion control is controlled by a set of control panels, with a compact structure, capacitors and reactors, etc. are all arranged in a power control cabinet, and an operation panel is provided on the power cabinet. The operation panel can control the power supply used by the device as a whole, and a switch button of a vacuum pump device can also be installed.

[0042] In this embodiment, the device is also provided with a water cooling system, and the water cooling system sets separate cooling water circulation pipelines for the smelting heating inductor 3, the pouring heating inductor 4, and the furnace body 1. In this embodiment, the induction coils in the smelting heating inductor 3 and the pouring heating inductor 4 are wound by copper tubes, so the cooling water circulation pipeline can be directly connected to the copper tube. The water flows inside the copper tube and can take away the heat generated by the electromagnetic coil during operation to ensure that the coil will not overheat under high-power operation and can work continuously and stably. In this embodiment, the furnace body 1 adopts a double-layer water sandwich structure, specifically, the inner wall is polished stainless steel (SUS304), the outer wall is high-quality carbon steel (A3) flange assembly welded into a cylindrical structure, a sealing groove is opened on the flange plane, and an "O" ring vacuum seal is used to seal and connect the cooling water circulation pipeline to achieve cooling of the furnace body. The furnace cover 2 adopts a double-layer water sandwich head structure and a flange welded into a whole. The inner wall is polished stainless steel (SUS304) and the outer wall is high-quality carbon steel. The furnace cover sandwich seal is connected to the cooling water circulation pipeline to achieve cooling of the furnace body.

[0043] In this embodiment, the smelting heating inductor 3 is composed of an induction coil wound around a rectangular copper tube, and a smelting crucible 19 is fixedly arranged inside the smelting heating inductor 3. The smelting heating inductor is used to heat and melt the solid metal alloy placed in the smelting crucible. The smelting heating inductor can be fixedly arranged in the furnace body in a suspended manner. In the specific implementation process, it can be realized by installing a hanging bracket on the side or top. The smelting heating inductor is fixed at the upper left position of the pouring heating inductor to facilitate pouring the high-temperature metal alloy liquid into the product crucible inside the pouring heating inductor. The smelting heating inductor 3 can be installed on the sealed slewing bearing 21, and the smelting heating inductor 3 and the sealed slewing bearing 21 can be connected by a common flange, such as by welding or bolting a flange. When the smelting crucible needs to be tilted, a manual control method can be adopted, that is, the operator operates the handle installed on the sealed slewing bearing to rotate and pour the metal alloy liquid. Specifically, the alloy dumping button is set to be pressed, and the dumping switch is continuously pressed to make the alloy flow into the product crucible at a uniform speed. After the switch is at the bottom, it pauses for 8-10 seconds, and the melting is reset. After the bottom is reached, the pouring is completed. It is simple and convenient. The movable baffle on the top of the melting crucible is fixed to ensure the stability of the melting crucible during dumping, which is convenient for disassembly and reduces the replacement cost.

[0044] In this embodiment, the pouring heating inductor 4 is composed of a rectangular copper tube wound into an induction coil, and the product crucible 20 can be placed inside the pouring heating inductor 4. The crucible lifting mechanism 6 can lift the product crucible through the feeding port at the bottom of the furnace body 1 to the inside of the pouring heating inductor 4 in the furnace body 1, so as to heat the product in the product crucible. In this embodiment, the crucible lifting mechanism used is the prior art commonly used in this field. A tubular fixed structure is provided between the product crucible 20 and the pouring heating inductor 4. The tubular fixed structure can be made of alumina material. The tubular structure plays a role of heat preservation and can ensure that the product crucible can pass smoothly during the up and down lifting process without tipping.

[0045] In this embodiment, a discharge port is provided at the bottom of the furnace body 1, and a gate valve 18 is provided at the discharge port. When the gate valve is opened, the product crucible can be moved into or removed from the furnace body through the crucible lifting mechanism. When the gate valve is closed, the furnace body can be ensured to be a closed space, which can prevent air from entering the furnace body during the pouring process and causing oxidation of the product.

[0046] In this embodiment, a funnel structure may be overlapped on the top of the tubular fixed structure, and the bottom of the funnel structure extends into the interior of the product crucible. When the molten metal alloy is poured from the smelting crucible, the funnel structure with a wide upper mouth and a narrow lower mouth effectively prevents the high-temperature metal alloy liquid from splashing during the pouring process, and can prevent the high-temperature metal alloy liquid from splashing into the insulation layer between the product crucible and the induction coil.

[0047] In this embodiment, an operating table 17 is provided on both sides close to the furnace body. The operating table 17 includes a frame structure welded by steel sections and steel plates, which is convenient for the operator to observe the condition of the furnace body through the observation window and operate the opening and closing of the furnace cover. The power control cabinet can also be placed on the operating table to facilitate the control of power supply, etc.

[0048] The following takes the carbon graphite product to be impregnated, and the casting material is a copper alloy as an example, and specifically describes the operation process of vacuum melting and impregnation using the present invention: the furnace cover is rotated open by the hydraulic lifting device, the copper alloy block is added into the melting crucible, and then the furnace cover is closed; the carbon graphite product is loaded into the product crucible, the mobile vehicle transports the product crucible to the crucible lifting mechanism along the moving track, the gate valve at the bottom of the furnace body is opened, and the crucible lifting mechanism lifts the product crucible to the inside of the casting heating sensor in the furnace body, at this time the gate valve is closed, and the furnace body forms a closed space; then the furnace body is evacuated by the cooperation of the sliding valve pump and the Roots pump until the required vacuum degree is reached. Then the melting crucible and the product crucible are quickly heated by the melting heating inductor and the pouring heating inductor respectively. When the temperature of the copper alloy in the melting crucible reaches the process temperature above 1200°C, it becomes a molten copper alloy. When the carbon graphite product in the product crucible reaches the process temperature above 1300°C, it can be poured. The tilting of the melting crucible is controlled by the rotary bearing, and the copper alloy liquid is poured into the product crucible and covers all the products to be impregnated to achieve full impregnation. Finally, the gate valve is opened, and the product crucible is moved down to the ground with the help of the crucible lifting mechanism, and transported to the subsequent press platform by a mobile vehicle, and the carbon graphite product impregnation is completed by gas pressurization treatment.

[0049] The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement and improvement made within the application scope of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A vacuum melting and pouring integrated device, characterized in that: It includes a furnace body, a vacuum pumping mechanism, a crucible translation mechanism and a crucible lifting mechanism; A support frame is provided at the bottom of the furnace body, a furnace cover is provided at the top of the furnace body, a smelting heating inductor and a pouring heating inductor are fixedly arranged inside the furnace body, a discharge port is provided at the bottom of the furnace body, a plug valve is provided at the discharge port, the crucible lifting mechanism is provided below the discharge port, the crucible translation mechanism is provided on one side close to the crucible lifting mechanism, a vacuum pipe port is provided on the furnace body, and the furnace body is connected to the vacuum mechanism through the vacuum pipe port; A smelting crucible is fixedly arranged inside the smelting heating inductor, and the pouring heating inductor is used to accommodate the product crucible transported by the crucible lifting mechanism; The crucible translation mechanism comprises a moving track, a moving vehicle is arranged on the moving track, and one end of the moving track is located at the crucible lifting mechanism.

2. A vacuum melting and pouring integrated device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vacuum pumping mechanism is composed of a plurality of vacuum pumps, which include a slide valve pump, a Roots pump and a pneumatic butterfly valve. The slide valve pump and the Roots pump are connected to one end of the pneumatic butterfly valve through a first vacuum pumping pipe, and the other end of the pneumatic butterfly valve is connected to the vacuum pipe port of the furnace body through a second vacuum pumping pipe.

3. The vacuum melting and pouring integrated device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The furnace cover is provided with a hydraulic lifting device and an observation window.

4. The vacuum melting and pouring integrated device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The smelting heating inductor and the pouring heating inductor are both induction coils wound with copper tubes, and the smelting heating inductor and the pouring heating inductor are both connected to an IGBT medium frequency power supply through electrodes.

5. The vacuum melting and pouring integrated device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The smelting heating inductor and the pouring heating inductor are both connected to an IGBT medium frequency power supply through electrodes.

6. The vacuum melting and pouring integrated device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a water cooling system, and the water cooling system is provided with separate cooling water circulation pipelines for the smelting heating inductor, the pouring heating inductor and the furnace body respectively.

7. The vacuum melting and pouring integrated device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The furnace body adopts a double-layer water sandwich structure.

8. The vacuum melting and pouring integrated device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A tubular fixing structure is provided between the product crucible and the pouring heating inductor.

9. The vacuum melting and pouring integrated device according to claim 8, characterized in that: A funnel structure is overlapped on the top of the tubular fixed structure, and the bottom of the funnel structure extends into the interior of the product crucible.

10. The vacuum melting and pouring integrated device according to claim 1, characterized in that: An operating platform is arranged on both sides of the furnace body, and the operating platform comprises a frame structure welded by section steel and steel plates.

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