Fertilizer for degrading pesticide residues and heavy metals in fruit and vegetable products and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a fertilizer for degrading pesticide residues and heavy metals in fruit and vegetable products. The fertilizer comprises an alkaline ion fertilizer and a water-soluble organic fertilizer, wherein the alkaline ion fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 4.0%-5.9% of sodium, 0.8%-1.0% of potassium, 0.6%-0.72% of selenium, 0.1%-0.15% of boron and the balance of water; the water-soluble organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: more than or equal to 30% of water-soluble organic matter and the balance of calcium and magnesium gt; 2% of fulvic acid gt; 0.2% of an insoluble impurity lt; 2%, and the balance being water. The fertilizer provided by the invention not only can effectively remove pesticide residues and heavy metals in soil during application, but also can degrade pesticide residues and heavy metals in fruit and vegetable products from the source, and avoids secondary pollution, thereby effectively reducing threats of fruit and vegetable products to human health and protecting human life safety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of crop planting, and more particularly to a fertilizer for degrading pesticide residues and heavy metals in fruit and vegetable products and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of modern agriculture in China, pesticides and fertilizers have been widely used in large quantities, playing an important role in improving crop yields and quality. However, the long-term use of pesticides and fertilizers has resulted in large amounts of pesticides and heavy metals remaining in soil, water sources and agricultural products, especially in fruits and vegetables consumed daily, which are frequently detected to contain large amounts of pesticides and heavy metals, which seriously threatens ecological environmental safety and human health, and has become one of the environmental issues in China's agricultural development.

[0003] At present, the degradation methods for pesticide residues and heavy metals in fruit and vegetable products mainly include physical methods, chemical methods and microbial methods. Among them, although physical methods such as washing and heat treatment are simple to operate, the effect is limited and may damage the nutritional components of fruits and vegetables. Chemical methods have the risk of secondary pollution, and the waste after treatment is difficult to handle. Although the microbial method is environmentally friendly and pollution-free, it is complicated to operate and has high costs, making it difficult to promote and apply on a large scale.

[0004] Therefore, how to efficiently and cost-effectively degrade pesticide residues and heavy metals in fruit and vegetable products is an urgent problem that technicians in this field need to solve. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide a fertilizer for degrading pesticide residues and heavy metals in fruit and vegetable products and its application to ensure the safety of fruits and vegetables.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A fertilizer for degrading pesticide residues and heavy metals in fruit and vegetable products, including alkaline ion fertilizer and water-soluble organic fertilizer;

[0008] The alkaline ion fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in weight percentage: 4.0% to 5.9% sodium, 0.8% to 1.0% potassium, 0.6% to 0.72% selenium and 0.1% to 0.15% boron, and the balance is water;

[0009] The water-soluble organic fertilizer includes the following raw materials in weight percentage: water-soluble organic matter ≥30%, calcium and magnesium total >2%, fulvic acid >0.2% and insoluble impurities <2%, and the balance is water.

[0010] Furthermore, the water-soluble organic matter includes amino acids, sugars, fatty acids, proteins and microbial metabolites.

[0011] Furthermore, the pH value of the solution of the alkaline ion fertilizer after being diluted 250 times with water is 9.5-13.5.

[0012] Furthermore, the pH value of the stock solution of the water-soluble organic fertilizer is 5.0-7.0.

[0013] The present invention also claims protection for the use of the above fertilizer in degrading pesticide residues and heavy metals in fruit and vegetable products.

[0014] Furthermore, the fertilization method of the above-mentioned fertilizer for degrading pesticide residues and heavy metals in fruit and vegetable products specifically comprises the following steps:

[0015] (1) After the fruit and vegetable crops are planted in the field and the seedlings have grown, the whole plant is sprayed with alkaline ion fertilizer for the first time, 15 days later, the whole plant is sprayed with alkaline ion fertilizer for the second time, and 12-15 days before harvest, the whole plant is sprayed with alkaline ion fertilizer for the third time;

[0016] (2) Apply water-soluble organic fertilizer by flushing or drip irrigation at least once 20 days before harvesting fruit and vegetable crops, and spray water-soluble organic fertilizer on the whole plant once 7-10 days before harvesting fruits and vegetables;

[0017] (3) Stop using any pesticides 7 days before harvesting fruit and vegetable crops.

[0018] Furthermore, in the above step (1), the spraying amount of the alkaline ion fertilizer is 50-100 mL of the original solution / mu, which is diluted 500 times with water before spraying; the spraying time is in the afternoon or evening on a sunny day.

[0019] Furthermore, in the above step (2), the amount of water-soluble organic fertilizer applied by flushing or drip irrigation is 5-7 kg of stock solution per mu each time; the spraying concentration of the water-soluble organic fertilizer is 100 g of stock solution per mu, which is diluted 300 times with water before spraying; and the spraying time is in the afternoon or evening on a sunny day.

[0020] It can be seen from the above technical solution that compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0021] The fertilizer of the present invention can not only effectively remove pesticide residues and heavy metals in the soil when applied, but also degrade pesticide residues and heavy metals in fruit and vegetable products from the source, avoiding secondary pollution, thereby effectively reducing the threat of fruit and vegetable products to human health and protecting human life safety. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] Example 1

[0024] Fertilizers that degrade pesticide residues and heavy metals in fruit and vegetable products, including alkaline ion fertilizers and water-soluble organic fertilizers;

[0025] The alkaline ion fertilizer includes the following raw materials in weight percentage: 5.9% sodium, 1.0% potassium, 0.72% selenium, 0.15% boron and 92.23% small molecular water, and the pH value of the solution after being diluted 250 times with water is 13.5;

[0026] The water-soluble organic fertilizer includes the following raw materials in weight percentage: 30% of water-soluble organic matter, 3% of calcium and magnesium in total, 0.3% of fulvic acid, 1% of insoluble impurities and 65.7% of tap water, and the pH value of the stock solution is 5.0;

[0027] Water-soluble organic matter includes amino acids, sugars, fatty acids, proteins and microbial metabolites.

[0028] Example 2

[0029] Fertilizers that degrade pesticide residues and heavy metals in fruit and vegetable products, including alkaline ion fertilizers and water-soluble organic fertilizers;

[0030] The alkaline ion fertilizer includes the following raw materials in weight percentage: 5% sodium, 0.9% potassium, 0.65% selenium, 0.12% boron and 93.33% small molecular water, and the pH value of the solution after being diluted 250 times with water is 11.0;

[0031] The water-soluble organic fertilizer includes the following raw materials in weight percentage: 30% of water-soluble organic matter, 4% of calcium and magnesium in total, 1% of fulvic acid, 1% of insoluble impurities and 64% of tap water, and the pH value of the stock solution is 6.0;

[0032] Water-soluble organic matter includes amino acids, sugars, fatty acids, proteins and microbial metabolites.

[0033] Example 3

[0034] Fertilizers that degrade pesticide residues and heavy metals in fruit and vegetable products, including alkaline ion fertilizers and water-soluble organic fertilizers;

[0035] The alkaline ion fertilizer includes the following raw materials in weight percentage: 4.0% sodium, 0.8% potassium, 0.6% selenium, 0.1% boron and 94.5% small molecular water, and the pH value of the solution after being diluted 250 times with water is 9.5;

[0036] The water-soluble organic fertilizer includes the following raw materials in weight percentage: 35% of water-soluble organic matter, 5% of calcium and magnesium in total, 2% of fulvic acid, 1% of insoluble impurities and 57% of tap water, and the pH value of the stock solution is 7.0;

[0037] Water-soluble organic matter includes amino acids, sugars, fatty acids, proteins and microbial metabolites.

[0038] Example 4

[0039] Embodiment 1 A method for applying fertilizers for degrading pesticide residues and heavy metals in fruit and vegetable products comprises the following steps:

[0040] (1) After the fruit and vegetable crops are planted in the field and the seedlings have grown, the whole plant is sprayed with alkaline ion fertilizer for the first time. The spraying amount is 50 mL of the original solution / mu, which is diluted 500 times with water and sprayed in the afternoon on a sunny day; after an interval of 15 days, the whole plant is sprayed with alkaline ion fertilizer for the second time; 12 days before harvest, the whole plant is sprayed with alkaline ion fertilizer for the third time;

[0041] (2) 20 days before harvesting fruit and vegetable crops, water-soluble organic fertilizer should be applied twice with water, each time with a dosage of 5 kg of stock solution / mu; 7 days before harvesting fruits and vegetables, water-soluble organic fertilizer should be sprayed on the whole plant once, with a spraying concentration of 100 g of stock solution / mu, diluted 300 times with water and sprayed in the afternoon on a sunny day;

[0042] (3) Stop using any pesticides 7 days before harvesting fruit and vegetable crops.

[0043] Example 5

[0044] Embodiment 2 A method for applying fertilizers for degrading pesticide residues and heavy metals in fruit and vegetable products specifically comprises the following steps:

[0045] (1) After the fruit and vegetable crops are planted in the field and the seedlings have grown, the whole plant is sprayed with alkaline ion fertilizer for the first time. The spraying amount is 80 mL of the original solution / mu, which is diluted 500 times with water and sprayed in the afternoon on a sunny day; after an interval of 15 days, the whole plant is sprayed with alkaline ion fertilizer for the second time; 13 days before harvest, the whole plant is sprayed with alkaline ion fertilizer for the third time;

[0046] (2) 20 days before harvesting fruit and vegetable crops, water-soluble organic fertilizer should be applied once with water, with a dosage of 7 kg of stock solution per mu; 8 days before harvesting fruits and vegetables, water-soluble organic fertilizer should be sprayed on the whole plant once, with a spraying concentration of 100 g of stock solution per mu, diluted 300 times with water and sprayed in the afternoon on a sunny day;

[0047] (3) Stop using any pesticides 7 days before harvesting fruit and vegetable crops.

[0048] Example 6

[0049] Embodiment 3 A method for applying fertilizer for degrading pesticide residues and heavy metals in fruit and vegetable products comprises the following steps:

[0050] (1) After the fruit and vegetable crops are planted in the field and the seedlings have grown, the whole plant is sprayed with alkaline ion fertilizer for the first time. The spraying amount is 100 mL of the original solution / mu, which is diluted 500 times with water and sprayed in the evening on a sunny day; after an interval of 15 days, the whole plant is sprayed with alkaline ion fertilizer for the second time; 15 days before harvest, the whole plant is sprayed with alkaline ion fertilizer for the third time;

[0051] (2) Drip irrigation of water-soluble organic fertilizer once 20 days before harvest of fruit and vegetable crops, with a dosage of 7 kg of stock solution / mu; spray water-soluble organic fertilizer once 10 days before harvest of fruits and vegetables, with a spraying concentration of 100 g of stock solution / mu, diluted 300 times with water and sprayed in the evening on a sunny day;

[0052] (3) Stop using any pesticides 7 days before harvesting fruit and vegetable crops.

[0053] Performance Testing

[0054] 1. Inspection of 8 types of fruit and vegetable products

[0055] In order to verify the degradation effect of the fertilizer of the present invention on pesticide residues in fruit and vegetable products, the fertilizer of Example 1 was applied according to the method of Example 4 on 8 test fruit and vegetable products, namely, cucumber, eggplant, pepper, tomato, kidney bean, leek, green leek and carrot.

[0056] After harvest, the test results of pesticide residues in the eight tested fruit and vegetable products are shown in Table 1.

[0057] Table 1 Degradation effect of fertilizers in Example 1 on pesticide residues in 8 tested fruit and vegetable products

[0058]

[0059]

[0060] As can be seen from Table 1, the 8 kinds of fruit and vegetable products tested after fertilization with the fertilizer of Example 1 all meet the corresponding inspection requirements.

[0061] At the same time, in the cucumber and tomato products treated with the fertilizer of Example 1, mercury, cadmium, lead and arsenic were not detected. The content of chlorpyrifos in the cucumber and tomato products treated with the fertilizer of Example 1 was reduced by 78.3% and 75% respectively compared with the control group without fertilizer, both meeting the relevant national green food requirements.

[0062] 2. Cowpea Inspection

[0063] Two rows of cowpeas from the same plot were selected, and one row was fertilized with the fertilizer of Example 1 according to the method of Example 4 as a fertilization treatment group; the other row was not fertilized as a non-fertilization control group. The two rows of cowpeas were tested before fertilization, and the test results showed that cyromazine exceeded the standard, which did not comply with GB 2763-2021 "National Food Safety Standard Maximum Residue Limits of Pesticides in Food".

[0064] After harvest, the test results of cowpeas in the fertilization treatment group showed that cyromazine met the standard, while the test results of cowpeas in the non-fertilization control group did not meet the standard. At the same time, compared with before fertilization, the pesticide rate in the fertilization treatment group was reduced by 45.2%, while the pesticide rate in the non-fertilization control group did not decrease.

[0065] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A fertilizer for degrading pesticide residues and heavy metals in fruit and vegetable products, characterized in that: Including alkaline ion fertilizer and water-soluble organic fertilizer; The alkaline ion fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in weight percentage: 4.0% to 5.9% sodium, 0.8% to 1.0% potassium, 0.6% to 0.72% selenium and 0.1% to 0.15% boron, and the balance is water; The water-soluble organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in weight percentage: water-soluble organic matter ≥30%, calcium and magnesium total >2%, fulvic acid >0.2% and insoluble impurities <2%, and the balance is water.

2. The fertilizer for degrading pesticide residues and heavy metals in fruit and vegetable products according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water-soluble organic matter includes amino acids, sugars, fatty acids, proteins and microbial metabolites.

3. The fertilizer for degrading pesticide residues and heavy metals in fruit and vegetable products according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pH value of the solution of the alkaline ion fertilizer after being diluted 250 times with water is 9.5-13.

5.

4. The fertilizer for degrading pesticide residues and heavy metals in fruit and vegetable products according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pH value of the original solution of the water-soluble organic fertilizer is 5.0-7.

0.

5. Use of the fertilizer as claimed in claim 1 in degrading pesticide residues and heavy metals in fruit and vegetable products.

6. The use according to claim 5, characterized in that: The fertilizing method of the fertilizer specifically comprises the following steps: (1) After the fruit and vegetable crops are planted in the field and the seedlings have grown, the whole plant is sprayed with alkaline ion fertilizer for the first time, 15 days later, the whole plant is sprayed with alkaline ion fertilizer for the second time, and 12-15 days before harvest, the whole plant is sprayed with alkaline ion fertilizer for the third time; (2) Apply water-soluble organic fertilizer by flushing or drip irrigation at least once 20 days before harvesting fruit and vegetable crops, and spray water-soluble organic fertilizer on the whole plant once 7-10 days before harvesting fruits and vegetables; (3) Stop using any pesticides 7 days before harvesting fruit and vegetable crops.

7. The use according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step (1), the spraying amount of the alkaline ion fertilizer is 50-100 mL of stock solution / mu, which is diluted 500 times with water before spraying; the spraying time is in the afternoon or evening on a sunny day.

8. The use according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step (2), the amount of the water-soluble organic fertilizer applied by flushing or drip irrigation is 5-7 kg of stock solution per mu each time; the spraying concentration of the water-soluble organic fertilizer is 100 g of stock solution per mu, which is diluted 300 times with water before spraying; the spraying time is in the afternoon or evening on a sunny day.

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