Method and system for acquiring optimal inclination angle of photovoltaic module fixedly mounted on flat roof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic power station design, and provides a method and system for obtaining the optimal inclination angle of a photovoltaic module in a flat roof fixed installation mode, and the method comprises the steps: building a target function of maximizing the income in the whole life cycle of a photovoltaic project according to the effective roof area; establishing a relationship among the installed capacity, the inclined plane radiation quantity and the inclination angle in the roof effective area to obtain a function of power generation income and the inclination angle; establishing an anti-overturning cost model caused by the inclination angle; and solving by combining the target function and the anti-overturning cost model, and obtaining the optimal inclination angle under the function of the power generation income and the inclination angle. The method comprehensively considers the influence of the inclination angle on capacity, radiation quantity, load effect and the like, equivalently comprehensively considers income and cost, obtains the optimal inclination angle through calculation, and is more scientific compared with an empirical method.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic power station design, and in particular relates to a method and a system for obtaining an optimal inclination angle of a photovoltaic component in a flat roof fixed installation mode. Background Art

[0002] For rooftop distributed photovoltaic power stations, the design of the optimal tilt angle of photovoltaic modules directly affects the power generation efficiency, power generation and stability of photovoltaic systems. At present, the optimal tilt angle of rooftop photovoltaic modules is basically based on empirical values, or the angle corresponding to the maximum radiation is selected. Both methods are not scientific because they do not consider the power generation income and construction investment costs. On the one hand, under the condition of limited roof area, the tilt angle corresponding to the maximum radiation is affected by shadows, resulting in a small installed capacity and a waste of roof area; on the other hand, the tilt angle corresponding to the maximum radiation is usually larger, which makes the wind load larger, increases the requirements for foundation counterweight and bracket counterweight, increases the investment cost, and puts higher requirements on the roof load-bearing capacity.

[0003] Existing techniques can be divided into empirical methods and numerical methods.

[0004] Empirical method: It is generally believed that the optimal tilt angle of PV panels is the local latitude plus 5° to 10°.

[0005] Numerical method: By calculating the value of the solar radiation intensity received by the photovoltaic array under different azimuths and inclinations, the inclination angle corresponding to the maximum solar radiation is the optimal inclination angle. Through optimization by PVsyst software, the inclination angle with the best power generation can be obtained.

[0006] The existing technical experience method is inaccurate and unscientific, and the inclination angle corresponding to the maximum radiation of the numerical method is not the maximum benefit. Summary of the invention

[0007] The object of the present invention is to provide a method and system for obtaining the optimal inclination angle of a photovoltaic module in a fixed installation mode on a flat roof, so as to solve the above-mentioned problem.

[0008] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for obtaining an optimal inclination angle of a photovoltaic module in a flat roof fixed installation mode, comprising: According to the roof area, establish the objective function of maximizing the benefits of the photovoltaic project throughout its life cycle; Based on the relationship between the installed capacity within the roof area, the radiation of the inclined surface and the inclination angle, the function of power generation income and inclination angle is obtained; Establish an anti-overturning cost model based on inclination angle; Combining the objective function with the anti-overturning cost model, the function of power generation income and inclination angle is solved to obtain the optimal inclination angle.

[0009] Furthermore, based on the roof area, an objective function for maximizing the benefits of the photovoltaic project over its entire life cycle is established, including: max F = total life cycle power generation income - construction investment cost.

[0010] Furthermore, according to the relationship between the installed capacity within the roof area, the radiation of the inclined surface and the inclination angle, the function of power generation income and inclination angle is obtained, including: Within the limited effective area of ​​the roof, the income from power generation over the entire life cycle is as follows: Life cycle power generation income = annual grid-connected electricity * N * (1-component degradation rate) * grid-connected electricity price, where N is the number of years in the life cycle; Annual Internet access power

[0011]

[0012] is the total annual solar radiation on the inclined surface, kWh / m2, is the installed capacity, kwP, is the irradiance under standard conditions, 1 kW / m2, For overall efficiency.

[0013] Furthermore, installed capacity The calculation includes: the roof's north-south length L, east-west width W, the module's length Lz, width Wz, and the minimum north-south spacing of the module after shadowing. for:

[0014] is the length of the inclined surface of the component array, which is related to the arrangement of the components; Fixing the tilt angle for the module array; The solar altitude angle at 9:00 a.m. on the winter solstice; The solar azimuth at 9:00 a.m. on the winter solstice; The installed capacity is calculated by the following formula:

[0015] The number of vertical components installed for a single component array.

[0016] Furthermore, the total annual solar radiation on the inclined surface The calculation includes:

[0017] in, is the scattered radiation on the i-th day; is the direct solar radiation on the horizontal plane on the i-th day; is the component array inclination angle; is the solar altitude angle at noon on the i-th day; It can be seen from the above formula that the radiation on any inclined surface can be calculated through direct radiation and scattered radiation from the horizontal plane, inclination angle, and height.

[0018] The annual grid-connected power is: .

[0019] Furthermore, an anti-overturning cost model based on inclination angle is established, including: (1) Construction investment cost = installed capacity * (cost per watt excluding foundation and support + cost per watt for foundation and support) Cost of foundation and support: Cost per tile = capacity of foundation and support per tile * unit price of materials (2) Calculation of single-watt capacity foundation and support weight For the inclination angle The component array will generate a overturning moment that will cause the photovoltaic array to overturn. The anti-overturning stability verification requirements are met through the foundation and bracket counterweights; Overturning moment = wind load * normal distance from overturning point to center of component mounting surface in: Wind load = wind load standard value support span * (component length * number of components on a single main beam + component spacing * (number of components - 1)) / 1000 Wind load standard value , kN / m2.

[0020] in is the wind vibration coefficient at height z; is the coefficient of variation of wind pressure height, which is 1 when it is less than 5m; : is the wind load shape coefficient; Anti-overturning moment = (weight of foundation + weight of components + weight of brackets and accessories) * distance between vertical force of superstructure acting on foundation and overturning point at foundation edge; Anti-overturning moment / overturning moment >= 1.6 The deadweight of the foundation, bracket and accessories is calculated by the above method: The self-weight of foundation, bracket and accessories>=1.6*standard value of wind load: bracket span*(component length*number of components on a single main beam+component spacing*(number of components-1)) / 1000*distance between overturning point and normal line of center of component installation surface / distance between overturning point and edge of foundation of vertical resultant force of superstructure acting on foundation-self-weight of component.

[0021] Furthermore, by combining the objective function and the anti-overturning cost model, the function of power generation income and tilt angle is solved to obtain the optimal tilt angle, including: According to the objective function, the constraints are , and solve it. Under the function of power generation income and inclination angle, the inclination angle corresponding to the maximum profit is obtained as the optimal inclination angle for component installation.

[0022] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a system for obtaining the optimal inclination angle of a photovoltaic module in a flat roof fixed installation mode, comprising: The objective function establishment module is used to establish the objective function for maximizing the benefits of the photovoltaic project throughout its life cycle based on the effective roof area; Function building module, used to establish the relationship between installed capacity, inclined surface radiation and inclination angle within the effective area of ​​the roof, and obtain the function of power generation income and inclination angle; Cost calculation module, used to establish the anti-overturning cost model caused by inclination; The optimal output module is used to combine the objective function and the anti-overturning cost model to solve and obtain the optimal inclination angle as a function of power generation income and inclination angle.

[0023] In a third aspect, the present invention provides a computer device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein when the processor executes the computer program, the processor implements the steps of a method for obtaining the optimal inclination angle of a photovoltaic component in a fixed installation mode on a flat roof.

[0024] In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of a method for obtaining the optimal inclination angle of a photovoltaic component in a fixed installation mode on a flat roof.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following technical effects: The present invention provides a scientific and systematic method to determine the optimal inclination angle of photovoltaic modules in a fixed installation mode on a flat roof, so as to ensure that the benefits of the photovoltaic project are maximized throughout its life cycle.

[0026] By establishing an objective function to maximize the benefits of a photovoltaic project over its entire life cycle, the solution takes power generation income and construction investment costs as core considerations, which means it not only focuses on short-term power generation efficiency, but also takes into account long-term economic benefits, thereby ensuring the sustainability of the project.

[0027] The solution establishes in detail the relationship between the installed capacity within the effective area of ​​the roof, the radiation of the inclined surface and the inclination angle, and then obtains the function of power generation income and inclination angle. This refined modeling method can more accurately reflect the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic modules at different inclination angles and provide data support for determining the optimal inclination angle.

[0028] By establishing an anti-overturning cost model caused by the inclination angle, the scheme takes into account the impact of the inclination angle on the stability of photovoltaic modules. This can not only ensure the safety of photovoltaic modules under severe weather conditions, but also avoid additional repair and replacement costs caused by overturning, thereby reducing the overall risk of the project.

[0029] By combining the objective function with the anti-overturning cost model, the solution can comprehensively consider both benefits and costs and find the inclination angle that maximizes benefits under the power generation income and inclination angle function. This comprehensive optimization method is more scientific and accurate than simply relying on experience or intuition to determine the inclination angle.

[0030] By accurately calculating the optimal inclination angle, the solution can ensure that the photovoltaic modules are installed in the optimal configuration on the flat roof, thereby improving the power generation efficiency and economy of the project. This can not only increase the return on investment of the project, but also bring higher profits to the project operator.

[0031] The proposal and implementation of this technical solution will help promote technological progress and innovation in the photovoltaic industry. By continuously optimizing the installation method and tilt angle selection of photovoltaic modules, the efficiency and reliability of photovoltaic power generation can be further improved, injecting new impetus into the sustainable development of the photovoltaic industry.

[0032] In summary, this technical solution uses a scientific method to determine the optimal inclination angle of photovoltaic modules under the fixed installation mode on flat roofs, which not only improves the economy and feasibility of the project, but also contributes to the technological progress and development of the photovoltaic industry. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings: Example 1, please refer to Figure 1 The present invention provides a method for obtaining the optimal inclination angle of a photovoltaic module in a flat roof fixed installation mode, comprising: According to the effective roof area, establish the objective function of maximizing the benefits of the photovoltaic project throughout its life cycle; Establish the relationship between installed capacity within the effective area of ​​the roof, radiation from the inclined surface and the inclination angle, and obtain the function of power generation income and inclination angle; Establish a model of the cost of anti-overturning caused by the inclination angle; The objective function and the anti-overturning cost model are combined to solve the problem and obtain the optimal inclination angle as a function of power generation income and inclination angle.

[0035] By accurately calculating the installed capacity and inclined surface radiation at different inclination angles, the solution can find the inclination angle that maximizes the solar radiation received by the photovoltaic modules. This directly improves the energy utilization efficiency of the photovoltaic system, increases power generation, and thus improves the economic benefits of the project.

[0036] By establishing an objective function to maximize the benefits of a photovoltaic project over its entire life cycle and considering the impact of the inclination angle on power generation income and construction investment costs, the scheme can find the optimal inclination angle in terms of economic benefits. This helps project investors make more informed choices in the decision-making process and ensure the long-term profitability of the project.

[0037] By establishing an anti-overturning cost model caused by the inclination angle, the scheme takes into account the impact of the inclination angle on the structural stability of the photovoltaic module. Through reasonable weight and foundation design, it ensures that the photovoltaic module can remain stable under severe weather conditions (such as strong winds, heavy rains, etc.), avoiding structural damage or safety accidents caused by improper inclination angles.

[0038] This solution provides a method for obtaining the best inclination angle based on mathematical models and algorithms, which has higher design accuracy and efficiency than traditional empirical methods or trial and error methods. This can not only reduce errors and uncertainties in the design process, but also shorten the design cycle and reduce design costs.

[0039] Since the solution takes into account the influence of multiple factors (such as roof area, radiation, anti-overturning cost, etc.) on the selection of tilt angle, it has strong adaptability and flexibility. It can be applied to photovoltaic projects of different scales, different geographical locations, and different climatic conditions, providing personalized optimal tilt angle solutions for the projects.

[0040] In summary, this technical solution uses a scientific method to determine the optimal inclination angle of photovoltaic modules under the fixed installation mode on flat roofs, which not only improves the energy utilization efficiency, economy and structural safety of the project, but also promotes the innovation and development of photovoltaic technology and enhances the adaptability and flexibility of the project. This is of great significance for promoting the sustainable development of the photovoltaic industry and improving the utilization rate of renewable energy.

[0041] Embodiment 2, the present invention provides a method for obtaining the optimal inclination angle of a photovoltaic module in a flat roof fixed installation mode, specifically comprising: 1. Within the limited effective roof area, establish the objective function of maximizing the benefits of the photovoltaic project throughout its life cycle.

[0042] Based on the theory of financial evaluation methods, it is simplified on this basis, without considering operation and maintenance costs, taxes, discount rates, etc., and an objective function of profit maximization is established. The profit is determined by the power generation income and construction investment cost over the entire life cycle.

[0043] max F = lifetime power generation income - construction investment cost 2. Within the limited effective area of ​​the roof, the calculation method of power generation income over the entire life cycle of 25 years is as follows: Life cycle power generation income = annual grid-connected electricity * 25 * (1-component degradation rate) * grid-connected electricity price The calculation method of grid-connected electricity refers to Chapter 6.6 of "GB 50797-2012 Design Code for Photovoltaic Power Stations".

[0044] (Formula 1) is the total annual solar radiation on the inclined surface, kWh / m2, is the installed capacity, kwP, is the irradiance under standard conditions, 1 kW / m2, For overall efficiency.

[0045] (1) Installed capacity is a function of inclination Under the condition of limited effective roof area, the choice of inclination angle determines the installed capacity. The relationship between installed capacity and inclination angle can be established by the following method.

[0046] Assume that the limited roof is rectangular, with a length of L in the north-south direction and a width of W in the east-west direction. The length of the module is Lz and the width is Wz. The minimum north-south spacing of the module after considering shadow occlusion (Refer to "Key Technologies for Photovoltaic Power Station Design [M]") (Formula 2) is the length of the inclined surface of the component array, which is related to the arrangement of the components; Fixing the tilt angle for the module array; The solar altitude angle at 9:00 a.m. on the winter solstice; The solar azimuth at 9:00 a.m. on the winter solstice; The installed capacity can be calculated by the following formula: (Formula 3) The number of vertical components installed for a single component array.

[0047] Note: If the roof is not a complete rectangle, it can be divided into several rectangles and then the capacity can be calculated using the above method.

[0048] (2) Relationship between the radiation amount of the inclined surface and the inclination angle For a photovoltaic array installed at a certain inclination angle, the solar radiation received is related to the inclination angle. The annual total radiation on the inclined surface is calculated as follows: (Formula 4) in, is the scattered radiation on the i-th day; is the direct solar radiation on the horizontal plane on the i-th day; is the component array inclination angle; is the solar altitude angle at noon on the i-th day.

[0049] It can be seen from the above formula that the radiation on any inclined surface can be calculated through direct radiation and scattered radiation from the horizontal plane, inclination angle, and height.

[0050] According to equations 1, 3, and 4, the annual grid-connected power is: (Formula 5) 3. Establishing the anti-overturning cost model caused by the inclination angle (1) Construction investment cost = installed capacity * (cost per watt excluding foundation and support + cost per watt for foundation and support) Cost of foundation and support: Cost per tile = capacity of foundation and support per tile * unit price of materials (2) Calculation of single-watt capacity foundation and support weight For the inclination angle The component array will be affected by wind load, snow load, etc., which will produce an overturning moment that will cause the photovoltaic array to overturn. At this time, the foundation and support counterweights are required to meet the anti-overturning stability verification requirements.

[0051] Overturning moment = wind load * normal distance from overturning point to center of component mounting surface in: Wind load = wind load standard value support span * (component length * number of components on a single main beam + component spacing * (number of components - 1)) / 1000 Wind load standard value , kN / m2.

[0052] in is the wind vibration coefficient at height z; is the coefficient of variation of wind pressure height, which is 1 when it is less than 5m; : It is the wind load body shape coefficient, which is taken according to the value in NB / T 10115-2018 “Code for Design of Photovoltaic Support Structures” and is related to the inclination angle.

[0053] Anti-overturning moment = (weight of foundation + weight of components + weight of brackets and accessories) * distance between vertical force of superstructure acting on foundation and overturning point at foundation edge According to the standard requirements of the anti-overturning design stability factor in P33 of NB / T 10115-2018 "Photovoltaic Support Structure Design Code", the anti-overturning moment / overturning moment>=1.6 Therefore, the deadweight of the foundation, bracket and accessories can be calculated by the above method: Self-weight of foundation, bracket and accessories>=1.6*standard value of wind load Bracket span*(component length*number of components on a single main beam+component spacing*(number of components-1)) / 1000*distance between tipping point and normal line of component installation surface center / distance between tipping point and foundation edge of vertical resultant force of superstructure acting on foundation-self-weight of component 4. Calculate and get the best inclination angle According to the above objective function, the constraints are , and solve it to obtain the inclination angle corresponding to the maximum benefit, which is the optimal inclination angle for component installation.

[0054] The present invention comprehensively considers the influence of the inclination angle on the capacity, radiation, load effect and other aspects, which is equivalent to comprehensively considering the benefits and costs, and obtains the optimal inclination angle through calculation, which is more scientific than the empirical method.

[0055] In another embodiment of the present invention, a system for obtaining the optimal inclination angle of a photovoltaic module in a fixed installation mode on a flat roof is provided, which can be used to implement the above-mentioned method for obtaining the optimal inclination angle of a photovoltaic module in a fixed installation mode on a flat roof. Specifically, the system includes: The objective function establishment module is used to establish the objective function for maximizing the benefits of the photovoltaic project throughout its life cycle based on the effective roof area; Function building module, used to establish the relationship between installed capacity, inclined surface radiation and inclination angle within the effective area of ​​the roof, and obtain the function of power generation income and inclination angle; Cost calculation module, used to establish the anti-overturning cost model caused by inclination; The optimal output module is used to combine the objective function and the anti-overturning cost model to solve and obtain the optimal inclination angle as a function of power generation income and inclination angle.

[0056] The division of modules in the embodiments of the present invention is schematic and is only a logical function division. There may be other division methods in actual implementation. In addition, each functional module in each embodiment of the present invention may be integrated into one processor, or may exist physically separately, or two or more modules may be integrated into one module. The above-mentioned integrated modules may be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of software functional modules.

[0057] In another embodiment of the present invention, a computer device is provided, the computer device including a processor and a memory, the memory is used to store a computer program, the computer program includes program instructions, and the processor is used to execute the program instructions stored in the computer storage medium. The processor may be a central processing unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSP), application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gates or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc., which are the computing core and control core of the terminal, which are suitable for implementing one or more instructions, and are specifically suitable for loading and executing one or more instructions in the computer storage medium to implement the corresponding method flow or corresponding function; the processor described in the embodiment of the present invention can be used for the operation of the method for obtaining the optimal inclination angle of photovoltaic components in a fixed installation mode on a flat roof.

[0058] In another embodiment of the present invention, the present invention also provides a storage medium, specifically a computer-readable storage medium (Memory), which is a memory device in a computer device for storing programs and data. It is understandable that the computer-readable storage medium here can include both built-in storage media in the computer device and, of course, extended storage media supported by the computer device. The computer-readable storage medium provides a storage space, which stores the operating system of the terminal. In addition, one or more instructions suitable for being loaded and executed by the processor are also stored in the storage space, and these instructions can be one or more computer programs (including program codes). It should be noted that the computer-readable storage medium here can be a high-speed RAM memory or a non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk memory. The processor can load and execute one or more instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium to implement the corresponding steps of the method for obtaining the optimal inclination angle of photovoltaic components in a fixed installation mode of a flat roof in the above-mentioned embodiment.

[0059] It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that embodiments of the present invention may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present invention may take the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0060] The present invention is described with reference to flowcharts and / or block diagrams of methods, devices (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that each process and / or block in the flowchart and / or block diagram, as well as the combination of processes and / or blocks in the flowchart and / or block diagram, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing device to produce a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device generate instructions for implementing the processes in the flowchart and / or block diagram. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in a block or multiple blocks.

[0061] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory capable of directing a computer or other programmable data processing device to operate in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture comprising an instruction device, which implements the process Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A function specified in one or more boxes.

[0062] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device so that a series of operating steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions for implementing the process. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps for the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0063] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, ordinary technicians in the relevant field should understand that the specific implementation methods of the present invention can still be modified or replaced by equivalents. Any modification or equivalent replacement that does not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for obtaining the optimal inclination angle of a photovoltaic module in a flat roof fixed installation mode, characterized in that: include: According to the roof area, establish the objective function of maximizing the benefits of the photovoltaic project throughout its life cycle; Based on the relationship between the installed capacity within the roof area, the radiation of the inclined surface and the inclination angle, the function of power generation income and inclination angle is obtained; Establish an anti-overturning cost model based on inclination angle; Combining the objective function with the anti-overturning cost model, the function of power generation income and inclination angle is solved to obtain the optimal inclination angle.

2. The method for obtaining the optimal inclination angle of a photovoltaic module in a flat roof fixed installation mode according to claim 1, characterized in that: According to the roof area, establish the objective function of maximizing the benefits of the photovoltaic project throughout its life cycle, including: max F = total life cycle power generation income - construction investment cost.

3. The method for obtaining the optimal inclination angle of a photovoltaic module in a flat roof fixed installation mode according to claim 1, characterized in that: According to the relationship between the installed capacity, the radiation of the inclined surface and the inclination angle within the roof area, the function of power generation income and inclination angle is obtained, including: Within the roof area, the income from power generation over the entire life cycle is as follows: Life cycle power generation income = annual grid-connected electricity * N * (1-component degradation rate) * grid-connected electricity price, where N is the number of years in the life cycle; Annual Internet access power in, is the total annual solar radiation on the inclined surface, is the installed capacity, is the irradiance under standard conditions, For overall efficiency.

4. The method for obtaining the optimal inclination angle of a photovoltaic module in a flat roof fixed installation mode according to claim 3 is characterized in that: Installed capacity Calculations include: The roof is L long from north to south and W wide from east to west. The length of the module is Lz and the width is Wz. The minimum spacing of the modules from north to south after being shaded is for: in, is the length of the inclined surface of the component array, which is related to the arrangement of the components; Fixing the tilt angle for the module array; The solar altitude angle at 9:00 a.m. on the winter solstice; The solar azimuth at 9:00 a.m. on the winter solstice; The installed capacity is calculated by the following formula: in, The number of vertical components installed for a single component array.

5. The method for obtaining the optimal inclination angle of a photovoltaic module in a flat roof fixed installation mode according to claim 4 is characterized in that: Annual total solar radiation on the inclined surface The calculation includes: in, is the scattered radiation on the i-th day; is the direct solar radiation on the horizontal plane on the i-th day; is the component array inclination angle; is the solar altitude angle at noon on the i-th day; The radiation on any inclined surface can be calculated by direct radiation and scattered radiation from the horizontal plane, the inclination angle, and the height; The annual grid-connected electricity is: 。 6. The method for obtaining the optimal inclination angle of a photovoltaic module in a flat roof fixed installation mode according to claim 1, characterized in that: Establish an anti-overturning cost model based on inclination angle, including: (1) Construction investment cost = installed capacity * (cost per watt excluding foundation and support + cost per watt for foundation and support) Cost of foundation and support: Cost per tile = capacity of foundation and support per tile * unit price of materials (2) Calculation of single-watt capacity foundation and support weight For the inclination angle The component array meets the requirements of anti-overturning stability verification through the foundation and bracket counterweights; Overturning moment = wind load * normal distance from overturning point to center of component installation surface; in: Wind load = wind load standard value support span * (component length * number of components on a single main beam + component spacing * (number of components - 1)) / 1000; Standard value of wind load: ; in, is the wind vibration coefficient at height z; is the wind pressure height variation coefficient; is the wind load shape coefficient; Anti-overturning moment = (weight of foundation + weight of components + weight of brackets and accessories) * distance between vertical resultant force of superstructure acting on foundation and overturning point at foundation edge; anti-overturning moment / overturning moment >= 1.6; Self-weight of foundation, bracket and accessories: The self-weight of foundation, bracket and accessories>=1.6*standard value of wind load: bracket span*(component length*number of components on a single main beam+component spacing*(number of components-1)) / 1000*distance between overturning point and normal line of center of component installation surface / distance between overturning point and edge of foundation of vertical resultant force of superstructure acting on foundation-self-weight of component.

7. The method for obtaining the optimal inclination angle of a photovoltaic module in a flat roof fixed installation mode according to claim 5, characterized in that: Combining the objective function and the anti-overturning cost model, the function of power generation income and tilt angle is solved to obtain the optimal tilt angle, including: According to the objective function, the constraints are , and solve it. Under the function of power generation income and inclination angle, the inclination angle corresponding to the maximum profit is obtained as the optimal inclination angle for component installation.

8. A system for obtaining the optimal inclination angle of photovoltaic modules in a flat roof fixed installation mode, characterized in that: include: The objective function establishment module is used to establish the objective function for maximizing the benefits of the photovoltaic project over the entire life cycle based on the roof area; A function building module is used to obtain the function of power generation income and inclination angle according to the relationship between the installed capacity within the roof area, the radiation of the inclined surface and the inclination angle; Cost calculation module, used to establish anti-overturning cost model based on inclination angle; The optimal output module is used to combine the objective function and the anti-overturning cost model to solve the function of power generation income and inclination angle to obtain the optimal inclination angle.

9. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that: When the processor executes the computer program, the steps of the method for obtaining the optimal inclination angle of a photovoltaic component in a flat roof fixed installation method as described in any one of claims 1 to 7 are implemented.

10. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the method for obtaining the optimal inclination angle of a photovoltaic module in a fixed installation mode on a flat roof are implemented as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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