Vertical circulation type single-well gravity energy storage system based on linear motor

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of energy storage, and particularly relates to a vertical circulation type single-well gravity energy storage system based on a linear motor, the vertical circulation type single-well gravity energy storage system comprises a weight storage system, an energy storage unit, a transportation system and a power system, and the weight storage system comprises an upper-layer energy storage chamber and a lower-layer energy storage chamber which are arranged up and down; the energy storage unit comprises a plurality of energy boxes and a plurality of weights arranged in the upper-layer energy storage chamber and the lower-layer energy storage chamber; the transportation system comprises a transportation track penetrating through the upper-layer energy storage chamber and the lower-layer energy storage chamber, and the transportation track is used for transporting the energy box; the power system comprises a secondary linear motor arranged on the conveying rail and a primary linear motor arranged on the energy box and is used for providing power for the energy box. The energy storage capacity expansion mode is simple, the expansion cost is low, the energy storage efficiency is high, the continuity of output or input power can be realized, and the fault tolerance performance is high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of energy storage, and particularly relates to a vertical circulating single-shaft gravity energy storage system based on a linear motor. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the proposal of the "dual carbon" goal and the global energy structure transformation, energy storage technology, as a key link connecting energy production and consumption and a key technology for improving energy utilization efficiency and ensuring the stable operation of new energy systems, has attracted extensive attention from scholars at home and abroad. The new energy storage technologies mainly include lithium-ion batteries, compressed air energy storage, flywheel energy storage, gravity energy storage, supercapacitor energy storage, and superconducting energy storage, etc. In particular, gravity energy storage technology has become a current research hotspot due to its advantages such as environmentally friendly construction, long cycle life, and high energy storage density. Transforming abandoned mines into gravity energy storage power stations can not only reuse the above-ground and underground space resources of abandoned mines, meet the requirements of new energy power stations for energy storage devices, improve the current situation of the power grid being impacted by the grid connection of new energy, but also largely effectively avoid the phenomena of "abandoned wind" and "abandoned light" of new energy, and to a certain extent, promote the early realization of the "dual carbon" goal.

[0003] Gravity energy storage systems belong to a new type of energy storage technology. Although not widely used at present, due to their advantages such as rapid response, reliable performance, and environmental friendliness, they are gradually attracting the attention of researchers. This energy storage technology is characterized by long-term energy storage and megawatt-level storage capacity, and researchers have proposed various energy storage solutions based on gravitational potential energy. Currently, most of the research on vertical gravity energy storage is about the vertical gravity energy storage technology that uses a winch to lift heavy objects. The vertical gravity energy storage system using a winch to lift heavy objects has problems such as a limited number of heavy objects that can be lifted, a limited lifting height, low efficiency, and lubrication and replacement of wire ropes. Given that linear motors have advantages such as large thrust, long stroke, and high efficiency, South African scholars have studied and designed a gravity energy storage system based on a linear motor. Although the energy storage efficiency has been improved, the method of expanding its energy storage capacity is complex and the expansion cost is relatively high. In the existing domestic technologies, such as the linear motor gravity energy storage device for abandoned mines and its multi-energy storage block cooperative control method (Application No.: 202311611162.4), by cooperatively controlling multiple energy storage blocks, it can meet the diverse power demands of the power grid. However, since the primary of the linear motor and the heavy object are designed as an integrated structure, when the system expands its energy storage capacity, the required cost is relatively high. A gravity energy storage and control method based on a permanent magnet linear motor (Application No.: 202210356158.7), this device uses the secondary to lower and hangs one or more heavy object blocks to achieve the purpose of energy storage and power generation. However, the heavy object and the secondary are connected by a rigid connection, resulting in the mass of the heavy object being restricted by the bearing capacity of the rigid connection. When the system assembles heavy objects with a large weight, it is prone to safety hazards. A gravity energy storage system based on a linear motor and an abandoned mine (Application No.: 20231407705.0), this system uses two shafts to transport heavy objects to achieve the synchronous operation of multiple heavy object cabins. However, the heavy objects used for energy storage are usually huge in volume, and the requirements for the turning radius of the linear motor track are extremely strict; at the same time, gravity energy storage relies on the height difference to achieve energy conversion, resulting in a long horizontal transportation path for the system on the ground or at the bottom of the well, which will not only increase the energy loss of the system but also reduce the overall operating efficiency of the system. A vertical circulating gravity energy storage system based on a linear motor (Application No.: 202411438491.8), this system uses two vertical shafts and multiple horizontal channels to operate the carriers, achieving the cyclic operation of multiple carriers. When a minor failure occurs to the carrier, it can run to the horizontal track for maintenance. However, when a serious failure occurs during the operation of the carrier and it cannot move, it will cause the shaft to be blocked, thus causing losses to the system.

[0004] Therefore, the applicant has designed a vertical circulating single-shaft gravity energy storage system based on a linear motor to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned defects existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a vertical circulating single-shaft gravity energy storage system based on a linear motor, which includes a heavy object storage system, an energy storage unit, a transportation system, and a power system. The heavy object storage system includes an upper energy storage chamber and a lower energy storage chamber arranged vertically.

[0006] The energy storage unit includes a plurality of energy boxes and a plurality of heavy objects arranged in the upper energy storage chamber and the lower energy storage chamber, wherein the energy boxes are overall rectangular parallelepipeds.

[0007] The transportation system includes a transportation track penetrating the upper energy storage chamber and the lower energy storage chamber, and the transportation track is used to transport the energy boxes.

[0008] The power system includes a secondary of the linear motor arranged on the transportation track and a primary of the linear motor arranged on the energy box, which is used to provide power for the energy box.

[0009] Optionally, the vertical circulating single-shaft gravity energy storage system based on a linear motor is further provided with a security operation and maintenance system. The security operation and maintenance system includes a fall prevention device, a first fixator, a second fixator, a maintenance layer, a spare layer, and spare energy boxes. The fall prevention device and the first fixator are both arranged on the shell of the energy box and on the side of the energy box close to the transportation track, the second fixator is arranged on the transportation track, and the second fixator is adapted to the first fixator. The maintenance layer and the spare layer are respectively arranged at the upper and lower ends of the transportation track, and the spare energy boxes are arranged in the spare layer.

[0010] Specifically, when a minor fault occurs in the energy box, it can be lifted to the maintenance layer for waiting for maintenance, and the spare energy boxes in the spare layer can run to the corresponding positions for normal operation; when a fault occurs in the transportation system, it can be repaired through the maintenance shaft.

[0011] Optionally, the heavy object storage system is further provided with a battery energy storage device and a palletizing equipment. The battery energy storage device is used to absorb or provide energy to the empty energy boxes, and the palletizing equipment is used to load and unload heavy objects to and from the energy boxes.

[0012] Optionally, two linear guide rails, guide bars, and brake guide rails are arranged on the transportation track, and the secondary of the linear motor, the two linear guide rails, the guide bars, and the brake guide rails together form a secondary drive side. One linear guide rail, the guide bar, the secondary of the linear motor, the brake guide rail, and the other linear guide rail are closely attached to the surface of the track from left to right with a certain working gap.

[0013] Optionally, two slide rails, a current collector, a positioner, and a brake are provided on the energy box, and the linear motor primary, the two slide rails, the current collector, the positioner, and the brake together form the primary drive side. One of the slide rails, the current collector, the linear motor primary, the brake, and the other slide rail are closely attached to the side of the energy box close to the transport track from left to right with a certain working gap, and the two slide rails, the current collector, the linear motor primary, and the brake on the energy box are respectively paired with the two linear guide rails, guide bars, linear motor secondary, and brake guide rails on the transport track. At the same time, a certain working gap is maintained between the linear motor primary and the linear motor secondary.

[0014] Optionally, the overall transport track is a regular 2n-prism structure vertically arranged, and the side edges are perpendicular to the bottom surface (where n is a natural number ≥ 2). The outer surface of the transport track is provided with n load tracks and n empty tracks, and the n load tracks and n empty tracks are alternately distributed. Any one of the tracks can realize the transportation of multiple energy boxes. A maintenance shaft is arranged inside the prismatic transport track, and the maintenance shaft is of the same length as the transport track.

[0015] Optionally, a track switching system is provided on the transport track. The track switching system includes an upper track-changing layer and a lower track-changing layer rotatably arranged at the upper and lower ends of the transport track. The upper track-changing layer is located below the maintenance layer, and the lower track-changing layer is located above the standby layer. Arc motors are arranged between the upper track-changing layer and the lower track-changing layer and the maintenance shaft. The arc motor includes an arc motor primary and an arc motor secondary. The arc motor primary adopts a segmented structure and is evenly laid on the outer surface of the maintenance shaft. The arc motor secondary is laid on the inner surface of the upper track-changing layer and the lower track-changing layer. The upper and lower track-changing layers are driven by multiple arc motors to rotate to achieve a large-torque track-changing operation.

[0016] Optionally, the rotation direction of the upper track-changing layer is opposite to that of the lower track-changing layer. The energy box is driven to change tracks by the rotation of the upper track-changing layer and the lower track-changing layer, and the rotation directions of the same track-changing layer are different for two consecutive times. The upper track-changing layer switches the energy box to adjacent tracks by rotating forward, and the lower track-changing layer returns the energy box to adjacent tracks by rotating backward, thus forming a circular path.

[0017] Optionally, the transport track includes 2n + 1 vertical tracks and two horizontal tracks (where n is a natural number ≥ 2). The 2n + 1 vertical tracks are all located in the same vertical plane. The two horizontal tracks are respectively arranged at the upper and lower ends of the vertical tracks. Each horizontal track is provided with 2n track-changing devices, and the gap between any two adjacent track-changing devices is equal to the gap between any two adjacent vertical tracks. At the same time, the axis of the track-changing device is perpendicular to the axis of the horizontal track. The 2n track-changing devices are all driven by a horizontal motor, can move horizontally back and forth on the horizontal track, and can realize the track-changing of the energy box.

[0018] The present invention also includes other components that can enable a vertical circulating single-shaft gravity energy storage system based on a linear motor to be used normally, all of which are conventional technical means in the art. In addition, devices or components not defined in the present invention all adopt conventional technical means in the art.

[0019] The working principle of the present invention is as follows: The operation methods of this system include normal operation and fault operation. When the system is operating normally, for the convenience of description, it is assumed that the transportation track is in the shape of a regular octagonal prism. In the energy storage condition, the energy box carries heavy objects and runs to the upper rail-changing layer to unload the heavy objects. The fixed energy box rotates clockwise by 45° through the upper rail-changing layer to realize the transformation from the load track to the empty load track. After the rail-changing process is completed, the energy box is unlocked and runs to the lower rail-changing layer through the empty load track. After arriving at the lower rail-changing layer, the fixator acts to fix the energy box, and the lower rail-changing layer rotates counterclockwise by 45° to realize the transformation of the energy box to the load track. After the rail-changing is completed, the energy box loads heavy objects and runs to the upper rail-changing layer through the load track, and the above process is repeated to realize cyclic operation; In the energy release condition, the energy box carries heavy objects and runs to the lower rail-changing layer to unload the heavy objects. The fixed energy box rotates clockwise by 45° through the lower rail-changing layer to realize the transformation from the load track to the empty load track. After the rail-changing process is completed, the energy box is unlocked and runs to the upper rail-changing layer through the empty load track. After arriving at the upper rail-changing layer, the fixator acts to fix the energy box, and the upper rail-changing layer rotates counterclockwise by 45° to realize the transformation of the energy box to the load track. After the rail-changing is completed, the energy box loads heavy objects and runs to the lower rail-changing layer through the load track, and the above process is repeated to realize cyclic operation. Whenever the energy box runs to each rail-changing layer, it will rotate and change the rail following the rail-changing layer. The rotation directions of the same rail-changing layer for two adjacent times are opposite. For example, the same rail-changing layer rotates clockwise first, and then rotates counterclockwise next, and so on. The energy box is in a fixed state before the rail-changing layer is completed, and the energy box is unlocked after the rail-changing and loading of heavy objects are completed. The loading and unloading work is completed by the palletizing equipment.

[0020] When a system failure occurs, appropriate adjustments can be made according to the degree of the failure to ensure that the system can continue to operate. Regarding whether the system can operate after a failure, the failures are classified into minor failures with operating capabilities and severe failures that result in the loss of operating capabilities. In the case of minor failure conditions, the energy box can still operate on the track even if a failure occurs. When it reaches the upper rail-changing layer, it continues to move upward to the maintenance layer for inspection. During the process of lifting the faulty energy box to the maintenance layer, the system allocates the standby energy box set in the standby layer and lifts it to the lower rail-changing layer. The standby energy box follows the rotation and rail change of the lower rail-changing layer, runs to the position where the faulty energy box is located, and works normally; in the case of severe failure conditions, the energy box is immediately locked by the anti-fall device, and the track where the energy box is located should stop being used, while other tracks can operate normally. The system reduces system losses by adjusting the operation path. The ways to adjust the system operation path are divided into two types: track maintenance and track reallocation. Track maintenance adjustment means reducing the number of energy boxes running on the track and maintaining the original operation path; track reallocation adjustment means reallocating the load tracks and empty tracks, and then re-planning the operation path. Select an appropriate adjustment method according to the specific failure situation.

[0021] In addition, the system standby layer allocates standby energy boxes. When allocating a single standby energy box, after the standby energy box is lifted from the standby layer to the lower rail-changing layer, it switches to the faulty track, and the energy boxes running on the track are lifted in sequence; when synchronously allocating multiple standby energy boxes, the positioner transmits the position information of the energy boxes, controls the safe distance between the energy boxes, and the standby energy boxes operate normally after being lifted to the lower rail-changing layer.

[0022] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0023] (1) The energy storage capacity expansion method of the present invention is simple and has a low expansion cost. The system expands the energy storage capacity by increasing heavy objects. Concrete with a low cost is selected as the heavy object. According to the demand for energy storage capacity, the number of heavy object blocks is adjusted to achieve the energy storage capacity, and the configuration is flexible.

[0024] (2) The present invention can effectively improve the energy storage efficiency. Compared with the prior art, the present invention reduces the horizontal transportation loss of the system by rotating and switching tracks through the rail-changing layer, thereby improving the energy storage efficiency.

[0025] (3) The present invention can achieve the continuity of output or input power. The present invention can calculate the safe distance between energy boxes in the same operating state, reasonably arrange multiple energy boxes to operate simultaneously, and meet the cyclic operation of the system by switching tracks through the rail-changing layer, thereby achieving the continuity of output / input power.

[0026] (4) The present invention has strong fault tolerance. The present invention reduces the losses of the system by re-planning the system operation path, thereby improving the fault tolerance of the system.

[0027] (5) The present invention has a flexible site selection, a simple structure, and is easy to construct. It can utilize facilities such as abandoned mines and abandoned vertical shafts for energy storage after simple transformation, realizing the secondary utilization of waste resources, and has very important scientific value and social significance. Description of the Drawings

[0028] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and embodiments.

[0029] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the gravity energy storage system in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the primary drive side in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the secondary drive side in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the upper track-changing layer in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the upper track-changing layer in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 6 For Figure 5 explosion diagram.

[0035] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the transport track after deployment in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the minimum unit path of the energy box running on tracks A, B, and C in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of the running path of the energy box when there are multiple tracks in the system in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 10 It is a schematic diagram of the system adjusting the track holding of the transport system under severe fault conditions in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 11 It is a schematic diagram of the system adjusting the track reallocation under severe fault conditions in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 12 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the transport track in Embodiment 3 of the present invention. Detailed Embodiments

[0041] The present invention will be clearly described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention and specific embodiments. The description here is only used to explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts, any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc., shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

[0042] Embodiment 1

[0043] As Figures 1-6 shown, the embodiment of the present invention provides a vertical circulating single-shaft gravity energy storage system based on a linear motor, including a heavy object storage system, a transportation system, an energy storage unit, a power system, and a security operation and maintenance system. The heavy object storage system includes an upper energy storage chamber 6 and a lower energy storage chamber 7 arranged up and down.

[0044] The transportation system includes a transportation track 13 passing through the upper energy storage chamber and the lower energy storage chamber. A linear motor secondary 12, two linear guide rails 15, a guide bar 14, and a brake guide rail 16 are arranged on the transportation track. The linear motor secondary, the two linear guide rails, the guide bar, and the brake guide rail together form a secondary drive side. One of the linear guide rails, the guide bar, the linear motor secondary, the brake guide rail, and the other linear guide rail are closely attached to the surface of the track from left to right with a certain working gap.

[0045] The energy storage unit includes a plurality of energy boxes 10 and a plurality of heavy objects 3 arranged in the upper energy storage chamber and the lower energy storage chamber. The energy box is generally rectangular in shape. A linear motor primary 19, two slide rails 17, a current collector 21, a positioner 18, and a brake 24 are arranged on the energy box. The linear motor primary, the two slide rails, the current collector, the positioner, and the brake together form a primary drive side. One of the slide rails, the current collector, the linear motor primary, the brake, and the other slide rail are closely attached to the side of the energy box close to the transportation track from left to right with a certain working gap. The two slide rails, the current collector, the linear motor primary, and the brake on the energy box are respectively paired with the two linear guide rails, the guide bar, the linear motor secondary, and the brake guide rail on the transportation track. At the same time, a certain working gap is maintained between the linear motor primary and the linear motor secondary.

[0046] The power system is composed of a linear motor secondary and a linear motor primary, and is used to provide power for the energy box.

[0047] The security operation and maintenance system includes a fall prevention device 23, a first fixator 20, a second fixator 22, a maintenance layer 5, a spare layer 9, and a spare energy box 11. The fall prevention device and the first fixator are both arranged on the housing of the energy box and on the side of the energy box close to the transport track. The second fixator is arranged on the transport track and is adapted to the first fixator. The maintenance layer and the spare layer are respectively arranged at the upper and lower ends of the transport track, and the spare energy box is arranged in the spare layer.

[0048] It can be understood that when the energy box has a minor fault, it can be lifted to the maintenance layer for waiting for maintenance, and the spare energy box in the spare layer can run to the corresponding position for normal operation; when the transport system fails, it can be repaired through the maintenance shaft; after the energy box has a serious fault, the fall prevention device immediately locks the linear guide to prevent accidents.

[0049] In addition, the heavy object storage system is also provided with a battery energy storage device and a palletizing equipment. The battery energy storage device is used to absorb or provide energy to the empty energy box, and the palletizing equipment is used to load and unload heavy objects to and from the energy box. The transport track is a vertically arranged regular octagonal prism structure as a whole, and the side edges are perpendicular to the bottom surface. Four load tracks 1 and four empty load tracks 2 are arranged on the outer surface of the transport track, and the four load tracks and the four empty load tracks are alternately distributed. Any one of the tracks can realize the transportation of multiple energy boxes. A maintenance shaft 25 is arranged inside the regular octagonal prism-shaped transport track, and the maintenance shaft is of the same length as the transport track. A track switching system is arranged on the transport track. The track switching system includes an upper track switching layer 4 and a lower track switching layer 8 rotatably arranged at the upper and lower ends of the transport track. The upper track switching layer is located below the maintenance layer, and the lower track switching layer is located above the spare layer. Arc motors are arranged between the upper track switching layer and the lower track switching layer and the maintenance shaft. The arc motor includes an arc motor primary 27 and an arc motor secondary 28. The arc motor primary adopts a segmented structure and is evenly laid on the outer surface of the maintenance shaft. The arc motor secondary is laid on the inner side surfaces of the upper track switching layer and the lower track switching layer. The upper and lower track switching layers are driven by multiple arc motors to rotate to realize a large-torque track switching operation. The rotation direction of the upper track switching layer is opposite to that of the lower track switching layer. The energy box is driven to switch tracks by the rotation of the upper track switching layer and the lower track switching layer, and the rotation directions of the same track switching layer for two consecutive times are different; the upper track switching layer switches the energy box to the adjacent track for operation by forward rotation, and the lower track switching layer returns the energy box to the adjacent track by reverse rotation, thus forming a circular path.

[0050] The working principle of the present invention is as follows: When the system is operating normally, in the energy storage condition, the energy box carries heavy objects and runs to the upper rail-changing layer to unload the heavy objects. The fixed energy box rotates clockwise by 45° through the upper rail-changing layer to realize the transformation of the load track to the empty track. After the rail-changing process is completed, the energy box is unlocked and runs to the lower rail-changing layer through the empty track. After arriving at the lower rail-changing layer, the fixator acts to fix the energy box, and the lower rail-changing layer rotates counterclockwise by 45° to realize the transformation of the energy box to the load track. After the rail-changing is completed, the energy box loads heavy objects and runs to the upper rail-changing layer through the load track, and the above process is cycled to realize cyclic operation; in the energy release condition, the energy box carries heavy objects and runs to the lower rail-changing layer to unload the heavy objects. The fixed energy box rotates clockwise by 45° through the lower rail-changing layer to realize the transformation of the load track to the empty track. After the rail-changing process is completed, the energy box is unlocked and runs to the upper rail-changing layer through the empty track. After arriving at the upper rail-changing layer, the fixator acts to fix the energy box, and the upper rail-changing layer rotates counterclockwise by 45° to realize the transformation of the energy box to the load track. After the rail-changing is completed, the energy box loads heavy objects and runs to the lower rail-changing layer through the load track, and the above process is cycled to realize cyclic operation. Whenever the energy box runs to each rail-changing layer, it will follow the rotation of the rail-changing layer to change the rail. The rotation directions of the same rail-changing layer for two adjacent times are opposite. For example, the same rail-changing layer rotates clockwise first, and then rotates counterclockwise next, and so on. The energy box is in a fixed state before the rail-changing layer is completed, and the energy box is unlocked after the rail-changing and loading of heavy objects are completed. The loading and unloading work is completed by the palletizing equipment.

[0051] In addition, the spare layer of the system is equipped with spare energy boxes. When deploying a single spare energy box, the spare energy box is lifted from the spare layer to the lower rail-changing layer and then switched to the faulty track, and the energy box running on the track is lifted in sequence; when synchronously deploying multiple spare energy boxes, the positioner transmits the position information of the energy boxes and controls the safe distance between the energy boxes. After the spare energy boxes are lifted to the lower rail-changing layer, they run normally.

[0052] To facilitate the description of the operation method of the system, the system framework is unfolded along a certain edge and the tracks are marked as A to H, as Figure 7 shown. The tracks A, C, E, and G are assigned as load tracks, and the tracks B, D, F, and H are assigned as empty tracks. The 8 tracks form a total of 4 circular paths. According to the running characteristics of the energy box, the running paths of the energy box on the tracks A, B, and C are called the minimum unit paths, and the running paths on other tracks are the same as the minimum unit paths. Since the running paths of adjacent energy boxes in the same track are different, taking the operation of two energy boxes (B1, B2) on the tracks A, B, and C as an example, the running path of the system is as Figure 8 shown. If there are multiple energy boxes on the same track, the running path of the energy box B3 (the energy box adjacent to B2) is the same as that of the energy box B1, and so on; if there are multiple tracks in the system, the running paths of the energy boxes on the same type of track (empty track or load track) are the same, asFigure 9 as shown

[0053] Embodiment 2

[0054] Operation method under fault conditions. Under minor fault conditions, if any energy box in the system has a minor fault, a standby energy box can be called to avoid a reduction in the energy storage capacity of the system, and the faulty energy box is lifted to the maintenance layer for maintenance. Under severe fault conditions, the system adjusts the operation path to reduce system losses. The ways to adjust the system operation path are divided into two types: orbit holding and orbit reallocation. If any one of the orbits from A to H has a severe fault, as Figure 10 shown, when track B is out of service, the system makes an orbit holding adjustment to the transportation system. When the system is working, tracks A, C, E, and G are still load tracks, and tracks B, D, F, and H are still empty tracks. The number of energy boxes carrying heavy objects in load tracks A and C adjacent to the empty track B is reduced by half. The operation process of the system is the same as that in Embodiment 1. As Figure 11 shown, when tracks A, C, E, and G are out of service, the system makes an orbit reallocation adjustment to the transportation system. The original empty tracks B and F are changed to load tracks, and D and H are still empty tracks. The rotation angle of the rail-changing layer each time is adjusted to 90°. The rest of the process is the same as that in Embodiment 1.

[0055] Embodiment 3

[0056] This embodiment is an embodiment of the operation method. As Figure 12 shown, the difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2 is that: the transportation track includes five vertical tracks 29 and two horizontal tracks 26. The five vertical tracks are all located in the same vertical plane. The two horizontal tracks are respectively arranged at the upper and lower ends of the five vertical tracks. Four rail-changing devices 30 are arranged on each horizontal track, and the gap between any two adjacent rail-changing devices is equal to the gap between any two adjacent vertical tracks. At the same time, the axis of the rail-changing device is perpendicular to the axis of the horizontal track. The four rail-changing devices are all driven by a horizontal motor, can move horizontally back and forth on the horizontal track, and can realize the rail change of the energy box. And the structure of the horizontal track is the same as the structure of the transportation track. The rest of the process is the same as that in Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2.

[0057] The technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the limitations of the above specific embodiments. Without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments, many modifications and changes are obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art. Any technical deformation made within the spirit and principle of the present invention falls within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A vertical circulation single-shaft gravity energy storage system based on a linear motor, comprising a heavy object storage system, an energy storage unit, a transportation system and a power system, characterized in that: The heavy object storage system includes an upper energy storage chamber and a lower energy storage chamber arranged up and down; The energy storage unit includes a plurality of energy boxes and a plurality of weights arranged in the upper energy storage chamber and the lower energy storage chamber; The transport system includes a transport track that runs through the upper energy storage chamber and the lower energy storage chamber, and the transport track is used to transport the energy box; The power system comprises a secondary linear motor arranged on the transport track and a primary linear motor arranged on the energy box, which are used to provide power for the energy box.

2. The vertical circulation single-shaft gravity energy storage system based on a linear motor according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A security operation and maintenance system is also provided, which includes an anti-fall device, a first fixture, a second fixture, a maintenance layer, a spare layer and a spare energy box. The anti-fall device and the first fixture are both arranged on the shell of the energy box, the second fixture is arranged on the transport track, the maintenance layer and the spare layer are respectively arranged at the upper and lower ends of the transport track, and the spare energy box is arranged in the spare layer.

3. The vertical circulation single-shaft gravity energy storage system based on a linear motor according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The heavy object storage system is also provided with a battery energy storage device and palletizing equipment. The battery energy storage device is used to absorb or provide energy to the empty energy box, and the palletizing equipment is used to load and unload heavy objects to the energy box.

4. The vertical circulation single-shaft gravity energy storage system based on a linear motor according to claim 3 is characterized in that: Two linear guide rails, guide bars and brake guide rails are arranged on the transport track, and the secondary of the linear motor, the two linear guide rails, guide bars and brake guide rails together constitute the secondary driving side.

5. The vertical circulation single-shaft gravity energy storage system based on a linear motor according to claim 4 is characterized in that: Two slide rails, a current collector, a positioner and a brake are arranged on the energy box, and the primary of the linear motor, the two slide rails, the current collector, the positioner and the brake together constitute the primary driving side.

6. The vertical circulation single-shaft gravity energy storage system based on a linear motor according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The transport track as a whole is a vertically arranged regular 2n prism structure, and the outer surface of the transport track is provided with n loaded tracks and n unloaded tracks, and the n loaded tracks and n unloaded tracks are alternately distributed, and a maintenance shaft is arranged inside the prismatic transport track.

7. The vertical circulation single-shaft gravity energy storage system based on a linear motor according to claim 6 is characterized in that: A track switching system is arranged on the transport track, and the track switching system comprises an upper track-changing layer and a lower track-changing layer which are rotatably arranged at the upper and lower ends of the transport track. An arc motor is arranged between the upper track-changing layer, the lower track-changing layer and the maintenance shaft. The arc motor comprises an arc motor primary and an arc motor secondary. The arc motor primary adopts a segmented structure and is evenly laid on the outer surface of the maintenance shaft, and the arc motor secondary is laid on the inner surface of the upper track-changing layer and the lower track-changing layer.

8. The vertical circulation single-shaft gravity energy storage system based on a linear motor according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The rotation direction of the upper track-changing layer is opposite to that of the lower track-changing layer, forming a circulation path of the energy box, and the rotation directions of the same track-changing layer are different twice in a row.

9. The vertical circulation single-shaft gravity energy storage system based on a linear motor according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The transport track includes 2n+1 vertical tracks and two horizontal tracks. The 2n+1 vertical tracks are all located in the same vertical plane. The two horizontal tracks are respectively arranged at the upper and lower ends of the vertical tracks. Each horizontal track is provided with 2n track-changing devices, and the gap between any two adjacent track-changing devices is equal to the gap between any two adjacent vertical tracks. The 2n track-changing devices are all driven by a horizontal motor, can make horizontal reciprocating motion on the horizontal track, and can realize the track changing of the energy box.

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