Equipotential decoupling modular electrochemical workstation, method and three-electrode system

Abstract

The invention provides an equipotential decoupling modular electrochemical workstation, a method and a three-electrode system, a reference electrode of the electrochemical workstation is grounded, a counter electrode is connected with a voltage driving module, and the counter electrode, the voltage driving module and the reference electrode form a voltage driving system; the working electrode and the counter electrode form a current observation system through transconductance; according to the invention, by reducing the coupling degree between the electrodes, the independence of a voltage driving system and a current observation system is realized, the transconductance and electrode design is optimized, and the sensitivity, accuracy and flexibility of the system are greatly improved. The micro-current trace detection device can realize accurate micro-current trace detection, and supports free increase and decrease of the working electrodes, so that the work station can adapt to various complex biochemical measurement requirements, can effectively capture tiny Faraday current changes, and is suitable for high-precision electrochemical analysis and detection tasks.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of signal detection in the electrochemistry industry, and particularly to an isopotential decoupled modular electrochemistry workstation, method and three-electrode system. Background Art

[0002] The basic form of current commercial three-electrode electrochemistry workstations includes a counter electrode, a reference electrode, and a working electrode. In the common configuration of electrochemistry workstations, the counter electrode CE and the reference electrode Ref are both in the feedback loop of the same operational amplifier, showing a highly coupled state. We control the driving voltage by controlling between the reference electrode Ref and the working electrode WE. However, there is a lack of voltage monitoring for the main current loop from the counter electrode CE to the working electrode WE. In some measurements, such as trace analysis, it is required that the basic potentials between Ref, CE, and WE are all known and controllable. In some biochemical applications, it is even required that the reference electrode Ref and the working electrode WE are isopotential, forming an isopotential working surface in the electrolyte. However, ordinary electrochemistry workstations cannot easily achieve this.

[0003] Due to the high coupling between the counter electrode and the reference electrode, in some cases where multiple different counter electrodes need to exist in the electrolytic cell and work successively or simultaneously, this configuration is difficult to expand due to coupling. For example, for an electrolytic cell system, when we need both the CV method (cyclic voltammetry) in traditional electrochemistry methods and EIS (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy), we must alternately use the circuits of two electrochemistry workstations for measurement. When replacing the counter electrode, we must also replace the installed reference electrode circuit. It is impossible to measure two different counter electrode loops simultaneously using one reference electrode. Therefore, it is very inconvenient in some electrochemistry applications. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above problems, the present invention innovatively proposes an isopotential decoupled modular electrochemistry workstation, method and three-electrode system. By the new three-electrode system of the electrochemistry workstation, the coupling degree between the three electrodes is reduced, constituting a new design of an electrochemistry workstation that can conveniently increase or decrease the working electrode. When performing biochemical-related measurements, especially for microcurrent trace detection, such as using the differential pulse voltammetry DPV with a low frequency, using the counter electrode composed of an operational amplifier and a DAC, or when performing electrochemical impedance spectroscopy EIS, using the counter electrode composed of MOSFETs, measurements can be conveniently carried out. The working electrode can be increased or decreased arbitrarily, and the Faraday current can be measured using the superposition principle.

[0005] The configuration of this electrochemical workstation consists of the following parts. In this electrochemical system, the reference electrode is directly grounded. The counter electrode and the reference electrode form the first voltage-driven system, and the working electrode and the counter electrode form a current observation system through transconductance. Since the voltage-driven system and the current observation system are independent of each other, it becomes a three-electrode electrochemical workstation.

[0006] Specifically, an isopotential decoupling modular electrochemical workstation according to the present invention includes: an electrolytic cell, a transconductance, and a microprocessor. The electrolytic cell includes a reference electrode, a counter electrode, and a working electrode.

[0007] Preferably, the electrochemical workstation according to the present invention further includes:

[0008] The reference electrode is grounded, the counter electrode is connected to the voltage driving module, and the counter electrode, the voltage driving module, and the reference electrode form a voltage driving system;

[0009] The working electrode and the counter electrode form a current observation system through transconductance;

[0010] Wherein, the potentials of the working electrode and the reference electrode are equal; at least one of the counter electrode and the working electrode is provided; the voltage driving module can adopt a first voltage driving circuit and / or a second voltage driving circuit; at least one current observation system is provided.

[0011] Through the design of the transconductance in the electrochemical workstation according to the present invention, it can be ensured that the potentials of the working electrode and the reference electrode are equal. By designing the shapes of the reference electrode and the working electrode, it can be ensured that the solution impedances of the working electrode and the reference electrode with respect to the counter electrode are equal, so they have equal base currents. According to the current superposition principle, different substances combined on the surface of the reference electrode will generate additional Faraday currents through redox reactions, and these currents will be captured through the transconductance and then output to the microcontroller through an operational amplifier and an ADC.

[0012] Preferably, the first voltage driving circuit includes: a DAC, a subtractor, and a voltage follower; wherein, the DAC is used to convert the digital instruction sent by the microprocessor into an analog voltage and send it to the subtractor; the subtractor adjusts the output range of the DAC from 0 - V to -V / 2 - V / 2, and then adjusts the output impedance through the voltage follower, and the other end of the voltage follower is connected to the counter electrode. The first voltage driving circuit is also connected to a positive and negative power supply generator for power supply.

[0013] Preferably, the second voltage driving circuit includes: a PWM, a driving circuit, and a half-bridge circuit; wherein, one end of the PWM is connected to the microprocessor, and the other end is connected to the driving circuit. The driving circuit is connected to the counter electrode through the half-bridge circuit; the half-bridge circuit is also connected to the positive and negative power supply generator.

[0014] Preferably, the current observation system consists of a transconductance, an inverting amplifier, an adder, and an ADC;

[0015] Preferably, the transconductance includes a current sampling resistor R1 and an operational amplifier;

[0016] Wherein, the current sampling resistor R1 and the operational amplifier are connected in parallel, the positive input terminal of the first operational amplifier is grounded, and the negative input terminal of the first operational amplifier is connected to the working electrode; the output terminal of the first operational amplifier is connected to the ADC through an inverting amplifier and an adder, and the other end of the ADC is connected to the microprocessor.

[0017] The inverting amplifier includes a resistor R2, a resistor R3, and a second operational amplifier; wherein, the positive input terminal of the second operational amplifier is grounded, the negative input terminal of the second operational amplifier is connected to the resistor R2 and is connected to the output terminal of the first operational amplifier; the output terminal of the second operational amplifier is connected to the adder.

[0018] Preferably, the electrochemical workstation of the present invention can be provided with 1 counter electrode, or multiple counter electrodes can be provided according to actual needs.

[0019] Preferably, when the counter electrode 1 is provided:

[0020] The counter electrode 1 is connected to the first voltage driving circuit or the second voltage driving circuit.

[0021] Preferably, when the counter electrode 1 and the counter electrode 2 are provided:

[0022] The counter electrode 1 and the counter electrode 2 are symmetrically and equidistantly placed to form an equipotential liquid level surface, and the reference electrode and the working electrode are symmetrically placed between the counter electrode 1 and the counter electrode 2; the counter electrode 1 and the counter electrode 2 are respectively connected to the first voltage driving circuit and the second voltage driving circuit.

[0023] Preferably, the electrochemical workstation of the present invention can be provided with 1 or multiple working electrodes; each working electrode corresponds to a current observation system one by one. That is to say, multiple current observation systems can be provided according to actual situations.

[0024] Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention also provides a detection method for an equipotential decoupling modular electrochemical workstation, and the method includes:

[0025] Providing a positive voltage and a negative voltage through a positive and negative power supply generator; sending a digital instruction from the microprocessor to the voltage driving module, and after voltage conversion and voltage stabilization processing, sending it to the counter electrode;

[0026] According to the principle of current superposition, different substances combined on the surface of the reference electrode generate Faraday current through redox reactions. The current will be captured by the transconductance and then output to the microcontroller through the inverting amplifier, adder, and ADC for data monitoring and recording;

[0027] Among them, the voltage driving module adopts the first voltage driving circuit and / or the second voltage driving circuit;

[0028] The first voltage driving circuit is specifically:

[0029] The DAC is used to convert the digital instruction sent by the microprocessor into an analog voltage and send it to the subtractor; after the subtractor adjusts the output range of the DAC from 0 - V to -V / 2 - V / 2, it is output to the counter electrode through the voltage follower;

[0030] The second voltage driving circuit is specifically: the microprocessor sends a digital instruction to the PWM for voltage conversion and sends it to the driving circuit, and the driving circuit sends it to the counter electrode

[0031] Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention also provides a three - electrode system. Preferably, the three - electrode system is detected using the above - mentioned equipotential decoupling modular electrochemical workstation.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following technical effects:

[0033] The present invention proposes an equipotential decoupling modular electrochemical workstation, method, and three - electrode system. The design of this electrochemical workstation greatly improves the sensitivity, accuracy, and flexibility of the system by reducing the coupling degree between electrodes, realizing the independence of the voltage driving system and the current observation system, and optimizing the transconductance and electrode design. It can achieve precise micro - current trace detection and support the free addition and subtraction of working electrodes, enabling the system to adapt to various complex biochemical measurement requirements. Through these technological innovations, the workstation can effectively capture tiny Faraday current changes and is suitable for high - precision electrochemical analysis and detection tasks. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the equipotential decoupling modular electrochemical workstation described in the present invention.

[0035] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of another equipotential decoupling modular electrochemical workstation described in the present invention.

[0036] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of another equipotential decoupling modular electrochemical workstation described in the present invention.

[0037] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the transconductance described in the present invention.

[0038] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the inverting comparator of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of another equipotential decoupling modular electrochemical workstation of the present invention

[0040] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the electrode distribution of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the reference electrode, counter electrode, and working electrode of the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0042] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solution of the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0043] Embodiment 1, as Figures 1 - 3 shown, an equipotential decoupling modular electrochemical workstation of the present invention aims to provide a highly sensitive and high-precision electrochemical analysis platform, especially showing significant advantages in microcurrent trace detection and complex electrochemical measurements.

[0044] Specifically, the electrochemical workstation includes: an electrolytic cell, a transconductance, and a microprocessor. The electrolytic cell includes a reference electrode, a counter electrode, and a working electrode. Among them, the reference electrode is grounded and provides a stable potential as a reference in electrochemical tests. The counter electrode is connected through a voltage driving module and is used to control the input of voltage signals. This electrode is responsible for controlling the flow of current.

[0045] The reference electrode is grounded, the counter electrode is connected to the voltage driving module, and the counter electrode, the voltage driving module, and the reference electrode form a voltage driving system, which is responsible for applying or controlling the required voltage signals.

[0046] The working electrode and the counter electrode form a current observation system through transconductance. The transconductance device can precisely control the flow and measurement of current, ensuring a stable current distribution between different electrodes.

[0047] Among them, the potentials of the working electrode and the reference electrode are equal to ensure that there is no potential difference between the two, thereby reducing measurement errors.

[0048] At least one of the counter electrode and the working electrode; the voltage driving module can adopt a first voltage driving circuit and / or a second voltage driving circuit; at least one current observation system is provided.

[0049] The modular design adopted in this application improves the flexibility and adjustability of the system, and the voltage driving method and parameters can be adjusted according to needs.

[0050] The isopotential decoupling modular electrochemical workstation of the present invention realizes highly sensitive and high-precision electrochemical measurement through optimizing electrode configuration, independent voltage driving and current observation systems, transconductance design and microprocessor control, and is especially suitable for experimental requirements of microcurrent trace detection, complex biochemical analysis and multi-electrode configuration.

[0051] Preferably, the first voltage driving circuit includes: a DAC, a subtractor and a voltage follower; wherein, the DAC is used to convert the digital instruction sent by the microprocessor into an analog voltage and send it to the subtractor; after the subtractor adjusts the output range of the DAC from 0 - V to -V / 2 - V / 2, the output impedance is adjusted via the voltage follower, and the other end of the voltage follower is connected to the counter electrode. The voltage conversion by the subtractor can ensure that the voltage signal is within a specific working voltage range of the counter electrode to optimize the electrochemical reaction or reduce unnecessary signal deviation. Among them, the voltage follower is used to adjust the impedance of the output voltage, ensure the stable transmission of the signal, and avoid affecting the load of the counter electrode and the electrolytic cell. It has a high input impedance and a low output impedance, so it can ensure precise voltage control while reducing signal attenuation. The output end of the voltage follower is connected to the counter electrode to provide a precisely controlled voltage signal, thereby regulating the current and potential in the electrochemical reaction.

[0052] Preferably, the second voltage driving circuit includes: a PWM, a driving circuit and a half-bridge circuit; wherein, one end of the pulse width modulation PWM is connected to the microprocessor, and the other end is connected to the driving circuit. The driving circuit plays an amplification and conversion role to ensure that the PWM signal can effectively drive the half-bridge circuit and achieve efficient voltage regulation; the driving circuit is connected to the counter electrode through the half-bridge circuit; the half-bridge circuit is also connected to a positive and negative power generator. Through the positive and negative power generator, it is ensured that it can have sufficiently stable positive and negative voltages. In the subsequent operational amplifier, the power supply of the operational amplifier can also receive positive and negative voltages, so that the desired positive and negative currents can be output in the electrolytic cell.

[0053] Among them, the PWM signal is generated by the microprocessor and controls the switching frequency of the voltage driving circuit. The PWM signal adjusts the output voltage by changing the duty cycle, thereby controlling the current.

[0054] The half - bridge circuit is used to convert the signal of the drive circuit into the voltage output required for the counter electrode. By switching between the positive and negative power supplies through a switching tube (such as a MOSFET), the half - bridge circuit can provide a high - precision, adjustable voltage to meet the precise control of the counter - electrode potential in electrochemical experiments.

[0055] Preferably, the current observation system consists of a transconductance, an inverting amplifier, an adder, and an ADC.

[0056] Preferably, as Figure 4 shown, the transconductance includes a current sampling resistor R1 and an operational amplifier.

[0057] Among them, the current sampling resistor R1 and the operational amplifier are in parallel. The non - inverting input terminal of the first operational amplifier is grounded, and the inverting input terminal of the first operational amplifier is connected to the working electrode. The output terminal of the first operational amplifier is connected to the ADC through an inverting amplifier and an adder, and the other end of the ADC is connected to the microprocessor. Among them, the preferred resistance value of the current sampling resistor R1 is 10k. Since the operational amplifier is already powered by a bipolar power supply, it can collect positive or negative current. Since the non - inverting input terminal of the transconductance is grounded like the reference electrode, according to the virtual - short and virtual - open principle of the operational amplifier, the inverting input terminal of the transconductance is also at the same potential as the ground, that is, the same potential as the reference electrode. Thus, the equipotential design is achieved.

[0058] As Figure 5 shown, the inverting amplifier includes a resistor R2, a resistor R3, and a second operational amplifier. Among them, the non - inverting input terminal of the second operational amplifier is grounded, the inverting input terminal of the second operational amplifier is connected to the resistor R2 and is connected to the output terminal of the first operational amplifier; the output terminal of the second operational amplifier is connected to the adder.

[0059] Preferably, the electrochemical workstation of the present invention can be provided with 1 counter electrode, or multiple counter electrodes can be provided according to actual needs.

[0060] Preferably, as Figures 2 - 3 shown, when the counter electrode 1 is set:

[0061] The counter electrode 1 is connected to the first voltage drive circuit or the second voltage drive circuit.

[0062] Preferably, as Figure 1 shown, when the counter electrode 1 and the counter electrode 2 are set:

[0063] As Figure 7 shown, the counter electrode 1 and the counter electrode 2 are symmetrically and equidistantly placed to form an equipotential liquid level surface, and the reference electrode and the working electrode are symmetrically placed between the counter electrode 1 and the counter electrode 2; the counter electrode 1 and the counter electrode 2 are respectively connected to the first voltage drive circuit and the second voltage drive circuit.

[0064] Preferably, as Figure 6 shown, the electrochemical workstation of the present invention can be provided with one or more working electrodes; each of the working electrodes corresponds to a current observation system one by one. That is to say, the current observation system can be provided with multiple ones according to actual situations.

[0065] Preferably, the reference electrode, counter electrode, and working electrode adopted by the present invention are screen-printed electrodes, as Figure 8 shown, the outer arc and the inner circle are concentric, but not limited thereto.

[0066] Through the design of transconductance, the electrochemical workstation of the present invention can ensure that the potentials of the working electrode and the reference electrode are equal. By designing the shapes of the reference electrode and the working electrode, it can be ensured that the solution impedances of the working electrode and the reference electrode with respect to their respective counter electrodes are equal, so they have equal base currents. According to the principle of current superposition, different substances combined on the surface of the reference electrode will generate additional Faraday currents through redox reactions, and these currents will be captured by the transconductance and then output to the microcontroller through an operational amplifier and an ADC.

[0067] Example 2, the present invention also provides a detection method for an equipotential decoupling modular electrochemical workstation, and the method includes:

[0068] Providing a positive voltage and a negative voltage through a positive and negative power supply generator; sending a digital instruction from the microprocessor to the voltage driving module, and after voltage conversion and voltage stabilization processing, sending it to the counter electrode;

[0069] According to the principle of current superposition, different substances combined on the surface of the reference electrode generate Faraday currents through redox reactions, and the currents will be captured by the transconductance and then output to the microcontroller through an inverting amplifier, an adder, and an ADC for data monitoring and recording;

[0070] Among them, the voltage driving module adopts a first voltage driving circuit and / or a second voltage driving circuit;

[0071] The first voltage driving circuit is specifically:

[0072] The DAC is used to convert the digital instruction sent by the microprocessor into an analog voltage and send it to the subtractor; the subtractor adjusts the output range of the DAC from 0-V to -V / 2 - V / 2, and then outputs it to the counter electrode through the voltage follower;

[0073] The second voltage driving circuit is specifically: the microprocessor sends a digital instruction to the PWM for voltage conversion, and sends it to the driving circuit, and the driving circuit sends it to the counter electrode.

[0074] By precisely controlling the voltage and combining the principle of current superposition, this application can monitor the current changes in electrochemical reactions in real time and provide accurate information for data analysis. The electrochemical workstation described in this application can be widely used in fields such as electrochemical experiments, sensor research, and material characterization.

[0075] Example 3, the present invention also provides a three-electrode system. Preferably, the three-electrode system is detected using the isopotential decoupling modular electrochemical workstation described above.

[0076] Although example embodiments have been described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the above example embodiments are merely exemplary and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention thereto. Those of ordinary skill in the art can make various changes and modifications therein without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention. All such changes and modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention as claimed in the appended claims.

[0077] Those of ordinary skill in the art can realize that the units and electrical functional processes of the examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented by electronic hardware or a combination of alternative electronic components. Whether these functions are executed in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professional technicians can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered to exceed the scope of the present invention.

[0078] In several embodiments provided by this application, it should be understood that the disclosed devices and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the division of the units is only a logical functional division, and there can be other division methods in actual implementation. For example, multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another device, or some features can be ignored or not executed.

[0079] Each component embodiment of the present invention may be implemented in hardware, or in software modules running on one or more processors, or in a combination thereof. Those skilled in the art should understand that a microprocessor or a digital signal processor (DSP) can be used in practice to implement some or all of the functions of some modules according to the embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the term "comprising", "including" or any other variation thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device comprising a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. Without further limitation, an element defined by the statement "comprising an..." does not exclude the presence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article or device comprising the element.

[0080] Although the description of the present invention is made in conjunction with the above specific embodiments, it is obvious that those skilled in the art can make many substitutions, modifications and variations based on the above content. Therefore, all such substitutions, modifications and variations are included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. An equipotential decoupling modular electrochemical workstation, comprising: An electrolytic cell, a transconductor, and a microprocessor, wherein the electrolytic cell includes a reference electrode, a counter electrode, and a working electrode; and further includes: The reference electrode is grounded, the counter electrode is connected to the voltage driving module, and the counter electrode, the voltage driving module and the reference electrode form a voltage driving system; The working electrode and the counter electrode form a current observation system through transconductance; Among them, the potentials of the working electrode and the reference electrode are equal; at least one of the counter electrode and the working electrode is set; the voltage driving module includes a first voltage driving circuit and / or a second voltage driving circuit; and at least one current observation system is set.

2. The equipotential decoupled modular electrochemical workstation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first voltage driving circuit includes: a DAC, a subtractor and a voltage follower; wherein the DAC is used to convert the digital instructions sent by the microprocessor into an analog voltage and send it to the subtractor; after the subtractor adjusts the DAC output range 0-V to -V / 2-V / 2, the output impedance is adjusted via the voltage follower, and the other end of the voltage follower is connected to the counter electrode.

3. The equipotential decoupled modular electrochemical workstation according to claim 2, characterized in that: The second voltage driving circuit includes: PWM, a driving circuit and a half-bridge circuit; wherein one end of the PWM is connected to the microprocessor, and the other end is connected to the driving circuit, and the driving circuit is connected to the pair of electrodes through the half-bridge circuit; the half-bridge circuit is also connected to the positive and negative power generators.

4. The equipotential decoupled modular electrochemical workstation according to claim 3, characterized in that: The current observation system is composed of a transconductor, an inverse proportional device, an adder and an ADC; The transconductance includes a current sampling resistor R1 and an operational amplifier; The current sampling resistor R1 is connected in parallel with the operational amplifier, the positive input terminal of the first operational amplifier is grounded, and the reverse input terminal of the first operational amplifier is connected to the working electrode; the output terminal of the first operational amplifier is connected to the ADC through an inverse proportional device and an adder, and the other end of the ADC is connected to a microprocessor.

5. The equipotential decoupled modular electrochemical workstation according to claim 4, characterized in that: The inverse proportional device includes a resistor R2, a resistor R3 and a second operational amplifier; wherein the positive input terminal of the second operational amplifier is grounded, the reverse input terminal of the second operational amplifier is connected to the resistor R2 and to the output terminal of the first operational amplifier; and the output terminal of the second operational amplifier is connected to an adder.

6. An equipotential decoupled modular electrochemical workstation according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: Also includes: Set a counter electrode 1; The counter electrode 1 is connected to the first voltage driving circuit or the second voltage driving circuit.

7. An equipotential decoupled modular electrochemical workstation according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: Also includes: Setting a counter electrode 1 and a counter electrode 2; The counter electrode 1 and the counter electrode 2 are symmetrically and equidistantly placed to form an isobaric liquid level surface, and the reference electrode and the working electrode are symmetrically placed between the counter electrode 1 and the counter electrode 2; the counter electrode 1 and the counter electrode 2 are respectively connected to a first voltage driving circuit and a second voltage driving circuit.

8. The equipotential decoupled modular electrochemical workstation according to claim 7, characterized in that: Also includes: One or more working electrodes are provided; Each of the working electrodes corresponds to the current observation system one by one.

9. A detection method for an equipotential decoupled modular electrochemical workstation, characterized in that: The method comprises: A positive voltage and a negative voltage are provided by a positive and negative power generator; a digital instruction is sent by a microprocessor to a voltage driving module, which performs voltage conversion and voltage stabilization and then sends the instruction to the counter electrode; According to the current superposition principle, different substances combined on the reference electrode surface generate Faraday current through redox reaction. The current will be captured by transconductance and then output to the microcontroller through the reverse proportional device, adder and ADC for data monitoring and recording; Wherein, the voltage driving module adopts a first voltage driving circuit and / or a second voltage driving circuit; The first voltage driving circuit is specifically: The DAC is used to convert the digital instructions sent by the microprocessor into analog voltage and send it to the subtractor; the subtractor adjusts the DAC output range of 0-V to -V / 2-V / 2, and then outputs it to the counter electrode via the voltage follower; The second voltage driving circuit is specifically: the microprocessor sends a digital instruction to the PWM for voltage conversion, and sends it to the driving circuit, which then sends it to the counter electrode.

10. A three-electrode system, characterized in that: The three-electrode system is detected using an equipotential decoupled modular electrochemical workstation as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

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