Rare earth microalloyed Al-Fe-Si-based multipurpose aluminum alloy conductor and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a rare earth microalloyed Al-Fe-Si-based multipurpose aluminum alloy conductor and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of metal material processing and manufacturing. The component formula of the lead is Al-xFe-ySi-zRE-mCu-nMg-pZn, wherein x is larger than or equal to 0.3 and smaller than or equal to 0.55, and 0.15 lt is larger than or equal to 0.15. X is larger than or equal to 0.3, y is smaller than or equal to 0.3, z is larger than or equal to 0.1 and smaller than or equal to 0.35, m is smaller than or equal to 0.2, n is smaller than or equal to 0.2, p is smaller than or equal to 0.2, and x is larger than or equal to y. The lead is prepared from pure aluminum and intermediate alloy or pure metal as raw materials through a cross-deformation two-stage aging and torsion extrusion-drawing composite cold deformation technological method matched with an alloy formula. According to the method, the Al-Fe-Si-based aluminum alloy wires with different characteristics can be developed, and the Al-Fe-Si-based aluminum alloy wires are suitable for application scenes of high conductivity-high strength, high conductivity-high plasticity and high conductivity-high strength-high plasticity respectively.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of metal material processing and manufacturing, and particularly relates to a rare earth microalloyed Al-Fe-Si based multi-purpose aluminum alloy wire and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Wire and cable is the main field of copper application in China. Compared with copper conductors, although the conductivity of aluminum is lower, under the same power transmission capacity, the cross-sectional area of an industrial pure aluminum conductor should be set to about 1.64 times that of a copper conductor, and its accurate replacement cross-sectional area is mainly determined by the conductivity. Although the conductor volume per unit length also increases by about 1.64 times, however, due to the density and price of aluminum being much lower than those of copper, the production cost of an aluminum conductor is less than half that of a copper conductor. Nevertheless, due to the low strength of industrial pure aluminum, after the cross-sectional area increases, there is still a gap in the stress between it and the copper conductor. Replacing industrial pure aluminum with an aluminum alloy conductor can significantly improve the strength of the conductor. Currently, the most widely used aluminum alloy conductor is the 8xxx series Al-Fe based aluminum alloy. Due to the addition of iron element, not only the strength of the conductor is improved, but also the conductivity of the conductor can be improved under suitable addition amounts.

[0003] However, the tensile strength of traditional 8xxx series aluminum alloy wires (soft state) is usually lower than 110 MPa, the conductivity is usually around 61% IACS (the unit IACS represents the international annealed copper standard conductivity), and the elongation rate is generally lower than 15%. This makes it no longer applicable in many occasions with further requirements for strength, plasticity, and conductivity. In particular, it is difficult to further improve the conductivity of traditional 8xxx series aluminum alloy wires. And for every 1% increase in conductivity, a large amount of electric energy can be saved nationwide every year. It can be seen that during the multi-year service of wire and cable, a large amount of electric energy can be saved, which is equivalent to reducing a large amount of carbon emissions. Therefore, developing new aluminum alloy wires to further improve the performance of the wires in all aspects is of great significance for expanding the application of aluminum alloy wires. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Aiming at the above deficiencies, the present invention provides a rare earth microalloyed Al-Fe-Si based multi-purpose aluminum alloy wire and a preparation method thereof. By optimizing the formula and combining the "cross-deformation two-stage aging" heat treatment and the "torsion extrusion and drawing composite cold deformation" forming control process method, the present invention develops Al-Fe-Si based aluminum alloy wires with different characteristics, which are respectively applicable to application scenarios of high conductivity-high strength, high conductivity-high plasticity, and high conductivity-high strength-high plasticity. The specific technical solutions are as follows: A rare earth microalloyed Al-Fe-Si based multi-purpose aluminum alloy wire, the nominal composition of the aluminum alloy wire being Al-xFe-ySi-zRE-mCu-nMg-pZn, where the coefficients x, y, z, m, n, p respectively represent the mass percentage contents of Fe, Si, RE, Cu, Mg, Zn in the aluminum alloy wire, and wherein, 0.3 ≤ x ≤ 0.55, 0.15 < y ≤ 0.3, 0.1 ≤ z ≤ 0.35, m ≤ 0.2, n ≤ 0.2, p ≤ 0.2, and x ≥ y; The formula of the present invention contains rare earth elements. During the refining process, the rare earth elements can further reduce the content of impurity oxygen (O) in the aluminum alloy melt, thereby enhancing the plasticity of the aluminum alloy. At the same time, due to the slow diffusion rate of the rare earth elements, once they form a coating on the precipitate phase, it will play a very good stabilizing role, which is conducive to the dispersed distribution of the precipitate phase and can inhibit the change of alloy properties caused by natural aging of the wire over time; Different from traditional 8xxx aluminum alloys (Si ≤ 0.15%), in the formula of the present invention, the Si content is set to 0.15 < Si ≤ 0.3. The higher Si content and the appropriate amount of rare earth elements cooperate with each other to obtain an aluminum alloy wire with excellent properties. Among them, rare earth microalloying can increase the proportion of Si in the Al-Fe-Si second-phase particles and the volume fraction of the dispersed phase, thereby enhancing the strength and plasticity of the aluminum alloy; rare earth microalloying will also form a coating on the Al-Fe-Si second phase, control the grain size of the dispersed phase, inhibit the aggregation and abnormal growth of the second phase, which is conducive to reducing the scattering effect of the second-phase particles on electrons, increasing the mean free path of electrons, and thus enabling the alloy to obtain a higher electrical conductivity. At the same time, the presence of the Al-Fe-Si primary second phase plays a role of heterogeneous nucleation on the rare earth elements, thereby reducing the solid solubility of the rare earth elements in the alloy matrix, and the damage of the rare earth alloy elements in solid solution form to the alloy electrical conductivity is much higher than the damage of forming dispersed phases to the alloy electrical conductivity.

[0005] Preferably, the RE is Ce or Er. Ce or Er is only a preferred option, and the RE is not limited to other rare earth elements.

[0006] Preferably, the multi-purpose aluminum alloy wire is a high electrical conductivity-high strength wire, or a high electrical conductivity-high plasticity wire, or a high electrical conductivity-high strength-high plasticity wire; The electrical conductivity of the high electrical conductivity-high strength wire is ≥ 62% IACS, and the tensile strength is ≥ 179 MPa, which is suitable for occasions with large vertical drops and large spans; The electrical conductivity of the high electrical conductivity-high plasticity wire is ≥ 63% IACS, and the elongation is ≥ 32%, which is suitable for underground laying and occasions with a small bending radius; The conductivity of the high-conductivity, high-strength, and high-ductility wire is ≥62 %IACS, the tensile strength is ≥110 MPa, and the elongation is ≥13%, making it suitable for use as an aluminum alloy wire for cables.

[0007] The present invention also provides a method for preparing a rare-earth microalloyed Al-Fe-Si-based multi-purpose aluminum alloy wire, comprising the following steps: (1) Preparation of materials: Weigh pure aluminum as the aluminum alloy base material and weigh Fe, Si, RE, Cu, Mg aluminum-based master alloys and pure Zn as alloying agents according to the components and dosages of the aluminum alloy wire described in claim 1. Among them, the pure aluminum is of industrial pure aluminum or high-purity aluminum grade, and the pure aluminum is not limited to being liquid or solid, nor is it limited to aluminum ingots, aluminum materials, or aluminum powder; the aluminum-based master alloys are Al-Fe, Al-Si, Al-RE, Al-Cu, Al-Mg, Al-Zn binary or multi-element alloys with any alloy element ratio, and the Al-Mg master alloy and pure Zn can be replaced with elemental Mg and Al-Zn master alloys.

[0008] (2) Melting: Melting each raw material to obtain an aluminum alloy melt.

[0009] (3) Refining: Adding a refining agent to the aluminum alloy melt for refining.

[0010] (4) Casting: Making the refined aluminum alloy melt into an aluminum alloy cast rod.

[0011] (5) Solution treatment: Performing solution treatment on the aluminum alloy cast rod to obtain a solution-treated aluminum alloy cast rod.

[0012] (6) First-stage aging: Keeping the solution-treated aluminum alloy cast rod at a constant temperature of 180 - 200 °C for 8 - 12 h, and then cooling it to room temperature with the furnace to obtain an Al-Fe-Si-based aluminum alloy guide rod with a certain dispersion phase structure; The purpose of the first-stage aging is to generate dispersion phases with appropriate particle sizes. During the subsequent cold deformation process, these dispersion phases act as hard particles to shear and divide the aluminum matrix, which is beneficial to the formation of a large number of fine sub-grains inside the relatively coarse primary grains.

[0013] (7) Torsion-extrusion and drawing composite cold deformation: On a rolling mill, extruding the Al-Fe-Si-based aluminum alloy guide rod using a square-hole roller, subjecting the round-section guide rod to 6 - 10 passes of extrusion to obtain a square wire. Subsequently, on a wire drawing machine, making the square wire pass through round-hole dies with different diameters in sequence and orderly for drawing, for 5 - 8 passes of drawing, to draw it into a round aluminum alloy wire, obtaining a hard-state aluminum alloy wire; since this wire has not undergone further heat treatment, it is called a hard-state aluminum alloy wire; During the extrusion process of the aluminum alloy guide bar, the guide bar is not only subjected to the compressive stress perpendicular to the surface of the guide bar and the tensile stress along the axial direction of the guide bar, but also the pushing stress in the circumferential direction. The combination of the two makes the material flow more fully, increasing the degree of deformation and dislocation density inside the alloy.

[0014] (8) Secondary aging: Subject the hard aluminum alloy wire to artificial aging, heat it to 240 - 260 °C, keep it at a constant temperature for 2 - 8 h, and cool it in the furnace to obtain the aluminum alloy wire. The aluminum alloy wire is a soft rare earth aluminum alloy wire (Note: unless otherwise specified in the present invention, the aluminum alloy wires mentioned are all soft).

[0015] Purpose of secondary aging: Since a large number of dislocations are formed inside the aluminum alloy due to the combined cold deformation of torsion and drawing, and combined with the induced nucleation effect of the dispersed phase formed during primary aging, the secondary nucleation energy is significantly reduced. Therefore, setting the temperature of secondary aging higher than that of primary aging can significantly reduce the solid solubility of alloying elements in the aluminum matrix, purify the matrix, thereby significantly improving the electrical conductivity of the aluminum alloy. At the same time, secondary aging has an annealing effect, which can reduce the internal stress and defects of the wire, and significantly improve the plasticity of the wire.

[0016] The above "two-stage aging across cold deformation" method can reduce the solid solubility of alloying elements and simultaneously form finely dispersed precipitate phases, thereby improving the strength of the alloy while enhancing the plasticity of the alloy. At the same time, secondary aging can also reduce the solid solubility of alloying elements, increase the volume fraction of dispersed phases, further purify the matrix, improve the strengthening effect of the second phase, and has an annealing function, which can cause the alloy grains to "recover", reduce the internal defects of the alloy, and reduce the internal stress, thereby improving the comprehensive properties of the aluminum alloy.

[0017] Preferably, in step (2), the melting is to heat the pure aluminum in a reaction vessel to 720 - 750 °C and keep it warm. After all the pure aluminum has melted, add the master alloys of Fe, Cu, RE, Si, Mg and pure Zn to the aluminum liquid in sequence. Stir for 4 - 6 min after adding each alloy. After all the master alloys have been added, let it stand for 5 - 10 min to obtain an aluminum alloy melt with a stable temperature.

[0018] Preferably, in step (3), the refining is to add a refining agent to the aluminum alloy melt, stir for 4 - 6 min, let it stand for 5 - 10 min, skim the slag, and continue to slowly stir while keeping it warm at 720 - 750 °C for 3 - 5 min.

[0019] Preferably, the refining agent is hexachloroethane, and the addition amount of the hexachloroethane is 0.3 - 0.8 wt% of the total mass of the aluminum alloy melt.

[0020] Preferably, in step (4), the specific method of casting is as follows: Pour the refined aluminum alloy melt into a mold preheated to 300 - 450 °C, and naturally cool it in a room temperature environment to form an aluminum alloy cast rod.

[0021] Preferably, in step (5), the specific method of solution treatment is as follows: Put the aluminum alloy cast rod into a muffle furnace, keep it at a constant temperature of 500 - 520 °C for 4 - 6 h, then quickly take it out of the furnace and naturally cool it to room temperature to obtain a solution-treated aluminum alloy cast rod.

[0022] Preferably, in step (7), the torsional extrusion and drawing composite cold deformation is carried out at room temperature; operating at room temperature can not only improve the strength of the rare earth aluminum alloy wire, but also improve the surface quality of the aluminum alloy wire.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. By optimizing the formula and combining the "cross-deformation two-stage aging" heat treatment and the "torsional extrusion and drawing composite cold deformation" forming control process method, the present invention develops Al-Fe-Si-based aluminum alloy wires with different characteristics, which are respectively suitable for application scenarios of high electrical conductivity - high strength, high electrical conductivity - high plasticity, and high electrical conductivity - high strength - high plasticity.

[0024] 2. The equipment, process method and process parameter operations adopted in the present invention are compatible with modern aluminum alloy industrial production technologies. In principle, the "cross-deformation two-stage aging" heat treatment and the "torsional extrusion and drawing composite cold deformation" forming control process method developed in the present invention are not only suitable for Al-Fe-Si-based aluminum alloy wires, but may also be suitable for the preparation of alloys such as Al-Si-based, Al-Cu-based, and Al-RE-based alloys with second-phase strengthening or dispersion strengthening.

[0025] 3. The process flow of the method of the present invention is short, easy to operate, has a low preparation cost, is convenient for industrialization, and the prepared alloy material belongs to an aluminum alloy conductor with great application potential and has excellent application and promotion prospects. Description of the Drawings

[0026] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for description in the embodiments.

[0027] Figure 1 It is the process flow chart of the preparation process of the rare earth microalloyed Al-Fe-Si-based aluminum alloy wire of the present invention; Figure 2 It is the schematic diagram of the effect of rare earth microalloying of the present invention; Figure 3 It is the schematic diagram of the profile change of the sample (from the guide rod to the wire) during the "torsional extrusion and drawing composite cold deformation" process of the present invention; Figure 4 Field emission scanning electron microscope images of the cross-sections of the as-cast guide bar and the final wire of high-conductivity aluminum alloy in Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 5 Comparison chart of the conductivity, tensile strength, and elongation of the high-conductivity and high-plasticity wires prepared in Examples 1-5 of the present invention with the standard values recommended by the national standard for aluminum alloy wires for cable conductors (GB / T 30552-2014); Figure 6 Comparison chart of the conductivity, tensile strength, and elongation of the high-conductivity and high-strength wires prepared in Examples 6-9 of the present invention with the standard values recommended by the national standard for aluminum alloy wires for cable conductors (GB / T 30552-2014); Figure 7 Comparison chart of the conductivity, tensile strength, and elongation of the high-conductivity, high-strength, and high-plasticity wires prepared in Examples 10-12 of the present invention with the standard values recommended by the national standard for aluminum alloy wires for cable conductors (GB / T 30552-2014). Detailed implementation manners

[0028] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer and more understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0029] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are all exemplary and are intended to provide further explanations of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the technical field to which the present invention belongs.

[0030] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific implementation manners and are not intended to limit the exemplary implementation manners according to the present invention. As used herein, unless otherwise clearly specified in the context, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should also be understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, and / or combinations thereof.

[0031] Example 1: Prepare the raw materials according to the mass percentages of the Al-0.3Fe-0.3Si-0.2Ce-0.1Cu-0.05Mg-0.05Zn aluminum alloy formula: This example is used to illustrate that under suitable formula and preparation process conditions, an aluminum alloy wire that can meet the requirements of both high conductivity and high plasticity can be prepared. The preparation steps of this wire are as follows: (1) Weighing Weigh 139.125 g of high-purity aluminum, 4.500 g of Al-10Fe master alloy, 2.250 g of Al-20Si master alloy, 3.000 g of Al-10Ce master alloy, 0.300 g of Al-50Cu master alloy, 0.750 g of Al-10Mg master alloy, 0.075 g of pure Zn, and 0.750 g of refining agent hexachloroethane according to the mass ratio.

[0032] (2)Melting Put the high-purity aluminum in step (1) into the reaction vessel and heat it to 750 °C for heat preservation. After all the aluminum ingots are melted, add the master alloys of Fe, Cu, Ce, Si, Mg and pure Zn to the aluminum liquid in sequence. Stir for 5 minutes after adding each alloy. After all the master alloys are added, let it stand for 5 minutes to keep the temperature of the aluminum alloy melt stable.

[0033] (3)Refining Wrap the hexachloroethane in step (1) with aluminum foil and press it to the bottom of the reaction vessel. After stirring for 5 minutes, let it stand for 5 minutes and then skim the slag. Continue to keep the temperature at 750 °C and stir slowly. Cast after 3 minutes.

[0034] (4)Casting Pour the rare earth aluminum alloy melt obtained in step (3) into the mold preheated to 400 °C and cool it naturally in the room temperature environment to form an aluminum alloy casting rod.

[0035] (5)Solution treatment Put the aluminum alloy casting rod obtained in step (4) into the muffle furnace and keep it at a constant temperature of a certain temperature within the range of 520 °C for 4 hours, then quickly take it out of the furnace and cool it naturally to room temperature to obtain the solution-treated aluminum alloy casting rod.

[0036] (6)Primary aging treatment Put the aluminum alloy casting rod obtained in step (5) after homogenization heat treatment into the muffle furnace, keep it at a constant temperature of 180 °C for 12 hours, and then cool it to room temperature with the furnace to obtain the Al-Fe-Si-based aluminum alloy guide rod with a certain amount of dispersed phase.

[0037] (7)Torsion extrusion composite cold deformation On the rolling mill, extrude the aluminum alloy guide rod obtained in step (6) using a square-hole roller. The round-section guide rod is subjected to 8 passes of torsion extrusion to obtain a square wire. Subsequently, on the wire drawing machine, make the square wire pass through round-hole dies with different diameters in sequence and orderly for wire drawing. Generally, the wire drawing passes through 6 passes to draw a round aluminum alloy wire. The wire without further heat treatment is called a hard-state aluminum alloy wire.

[0038] (8)Secondary aging treatment The aluminum alloy wire obtained in step (7) is subjected to secondary aging in a muffle furnace at a temperature of 260 °C for 8 h of constant temperature, and after cooling with the furnace, a rare earth aluminum alloy wire is prepared, and this wire is a soft rare earth aluminum alloy wire.

[0039] The field emission scanning electron microscope images of the cross-sections of the as-cast rod and the final wire of the high-conductivity aluminum alloy in this example are as Figure 4 shown, where Figure 4 (a) shows that the precipitate phases of the rod (as-cast) without heat treatment aggregate at the grain boundaries, making the grain boundaries become thick; Figure 4 (b) shows that the precipitate phases in the aluminum alloy wire prepared after solution treatment, primary aging, cold deformation, and secondary aging become very fine and are in a dispersed distribution state; Figure 4 (c) shows the strip-shaped precipitate phases in the rod (as-cast); while Figure 4 (d) shows that the precipitate phases in the wire are relatively fine, changing from strip-shaped to nearly equiaxed, and the grain boundaries are significantly refined, making it difficult to distinguish, and the refined grain boundaries are an important factor for the improvement of conductivity; generally, this figure reflects that the new process developed in the present invention has an obvious refining and dispersion effect on the thick second phases aggregated at the grain boundaries.

[0040] Example 2: Prepare its raw materials according to the mass percentages of the Al-0.4Fe-0.2Si-0.2Ce-0.1Cu-0.05Mg-0.05Zn aluminum alloy formula: This example is used to illustrate that under suitable formula and preparation process conditions, an aluminum alloy wire that can meet the requirements of high conductivity and high plasticity can be prepared. The preparation steps of this wire are as follows: (1) Weighing Weigh 138.375 g of high-purity aluminum, 6.000 g of Al-10Fe master alloy, 1.500 g of Al-20Si master alloy, 3.000 g of Al-10Ce master alloy, 0.300 g of Al-50Cu master alloy, 0.750 g of Al-10Mg master alloy, 0.075 g of pure Zn, and 0.750 g of refining agent hexachloroethane according to the mass ratio.

[0041] (2) Melting Put the high-purity aluminum in step (1) into a reaction vessel and heat it to 740 °C for insulation. After all the aluminum ingots are melted, add the master alloys of Fe, Cu, Ce, Si, Mg and pure Zn to the aluminum liquid in sequence. Stir for 4 min after adding each alloy. After all the master alloys are added, let it stand for 10 min to keep the temperature of the aluminum alloy melt stable.

[0042] (3) Refining Wrap the hexachloroethane in step (1) with aluminum foil and press it to the bottom of the reaction vessel. After stirring for 4 min, let it stand for 10 min and then skim the slag. Continue to slowly stir while maintaining the temperature at 740 °C. After 5 min, carry out casting.

[0043] (4)Casting Pour the rare earth aluminum alloy melt obtained in step (3) into a mold preheated to 300 °C and naturally cool it in a room temperature environment to form an aluminum alloy casting rod.

[0044] (5)Solution treatment Put the aluminum alloy casting rod obtained in step (4) into a muffle furnace and keep it at a constant temperature within the range of 520 °C for 4 h. Then quickly take it out of the furnace and naturally cool it to room temperature to obtain the solution-treated aluminum alloy casting rod.

[0045] (6)Primary aging treatment Put the homogenized heat-treated aluminum alloy casting rod obtained in step (5) into a muffle furnace, keep it at a constant temperature of 200 °C for 8 h, and then cool it to room temperature with the furnace to obtain an Al-Fe-Si-based aluminum alloy guide rod with a certain dispersion phase.

[0046] (7)Torsion extrusion and drawing composite cold deformation On a rolling mill, extrude the aluminum alloy guide rod obtained in step (6) using square-hole rollers. Subject the circular-section guide rod to 6 passes of torsion extrusion to obtain a square wire. Subsequently, on a wire drawing machine, pass the square wire sequentially and orderly through round-hole dies of different diameters for wire drawing. Generally, the wire drawing process goes through 8 passes to draw it into a circular aluminum alloy wire. The wire without further heat treatment is called a hard-state aluminum alloy wire.

[0047] (8)Secondary aging treatment Carry out secondary aging of the aluminum alloy wire obtained in step (7) in a muffle furnace at a temperature of 260 °C for 8 h, and then cool it with the furnace to prepare a rare earth aluminum alloy wire, which is a soft-state rare earth aluminum alloy wire.

[0048] Example 3: Prepare its raw materials according to the mass percentages of the Al-0.55Fe-0.16Si-0.2Ce-0.1Cu-0.05Mg-0.05Zn aluminum alloy formula: This example is used to illustrate that under suitable formula and preparation process conditions, an aluminum alloy wire that meets the requirements of both high electrical conductivity and high plasticity can be prepared. The preparation steps of this wire are as follows: (1)Weighing Weigh 137.760 g of industrial pure aluminum, 7.290 g of Al-10Fe master alloy, 0.825 g of Al-20Si master alloy, 3.000 g of Al-10Ce master alloy, 0.300 g of Al-50Cu master alloy, 0.750 g of Al-10Mg master alloy, 0.075 g of pure Zn, and 0.750 g of refining agent hexachloroethane according to the mass ratio.

[0049] (2)Melting Put the pure aluminum in step (1) into the reaction vessel and heat it to 750 °C for heat preservation. After all the aluminum ingots are melted, add the master alloys of Fe, Cu, Ce, Si, and Mg and pure Zn to the aluminum liquid in sequence. Stir for 6 minutes after adding each alloy. After all the master alloys are added, let it stand for 5 minutes to keep the temperature of the aluminum alloy melt stable.

[0050] (3)Refining Wrap the hexachloroethane in step (1) with aluminum foil and press it to the bottom of the reaction vessel. After stirring for 6 minutes, let it stand for 5 minutes and then skim the slag. Continue to keep the temperature at 750 °C and stir slowly. Cast after 3 minutes.

[0051] (4)Casting Pour the rare earth aluminum alloy melt obtained in step (3) into the mold preheated to 450 °C and cool it naturally in the room temperature environment to form an aluminum alloy casting rod.

[0052] (5)Solution treatment Put the aluminum alloy casting rod obtained in step (4) into a muffle furnace and keep it at a constant temperature within the range of 500 °C for 6 hours, then quickly take it out of the furnace and cool it naturally to room temperature to obtain the solution-treated aluminum alloy casting rod.

[0053] (6)Primary aging treatment Put the aluminum alloy casting rod obtained in step (5) after homogenization heat treatment into a muffle furnace, keep it at a constant temperature of 180 °C for 12 hours, and then cool it to room temperature with the furnace to obtain an Al-Fe-Si-based aluminum alloy guide rod with a certain dispersion phase.

[0054] (7)Torsion extrusion composite cold deformation On the rolling mill, extrude the aluminum alloy guide rod obtained in step (6) using square-hole rollers. The round-section guide rod is subjected to 10 passes of torsion extrusion to obtain a square wire. Subsequently, on the wire drawing machine, make the square wire pass through round-hole dies with different diameters in sequence and orderly for wire drawing. Generally, the wire drawing passes through 5 passes to draw a round aluminum alloy wire. The wire without further heat treatment is called a hard-state aluminum alloy wire.

[0055] (8)Secondary aging treatment The aluminum alloy wire obtained in step (7) is subjected to secondary aging in a muffle furnace at a temperature of 260 °C for 8 h of constant temperature, and then cooled with the furnace to prepare a rare earth aluminum alloy wire, which is a soft rare earth aluminum alloy wire.

[0056] Example 4: Prepare its raw materials according to the mass percentages of the Al-0.3Fe-0.3Si-0.2Ce-0.1Cu-0.05Mg-0.05Zn aluminum alloy formula: This example is used to illustrate that under suitable formula and preparation process conditions, an aluminum alloy wire that meets the requirements of both high electrical conductivity and high plasticity can be prepared. The preparation steps of the wire are as follows: (1) Weighing Weigh 139.125 g of high-purity aluminum, 4.500 g of Al-10Fe master alloy, 2.250 g of Al-20Si master alloy, 3.000 g of Al-10Ce master alloy, 0.300 g of Al-50Cu master alloy, 0.750 g of Al-10Mg master alloy, 0.075 g of pure Zn, and 0.450 g of refining agent hexachloroethane according to the mass ratio.

[0057] (2) Melting Put the high-purity aluminum in step (1) in a reaction vessel and heat it to 720 °C for insulation. After all the aluminum ingots are melted, add the master alloys of Fe, Cu, Ce, Si, and Mg and pure Zn to the aluminum liquid in sequence. Stir for 5 min after adding each alloy. After all the master alloys are added, let it stand for 5 min to keep the temperature of the aluminum alloy melt stable.

[0058] (3) Refining Wrap the hexachloroethane in step (1) with aluminum foil and press it to the bottom of the reaction vessel. After stirring for 5 min, let it stand for 5 min and then skim the slag. Continue to keep the temperature at 720 °C and stir slowly while pouring, and then cast after 3 min.

[0059] (4) Casting Pour the rare earth aluminum alloy melt obtained in step (3) into a mold preheated to 400 °C and cool it naturally in a room temperature environment to form an aluminum alloy casting rod.

[0060] The remaining steps are exactly the same as the process methods and parameters of Example 1.

[0061] Example 5: Prepare its raw materials according to the mass percentages of the Al-0.3Fe-0.3Si-0.2Ce-0.1Cu-0.05Mg-0.05Zn aluminum alloy formula: This example is used to illustrate that under suitable formula and preparation process conditions, an aluminum alloy wire that meets the requirements of both high electrical conductivity and high plasticity can be prepared. The preparation steps of the wire are as follows: (1) Weighing According to the mass ratio, 139.125 g of high-purity aluminum, 4.500 g of Al-10Fe master alloy, 2.250 g of Al-20Si master alloy, 3.000 g of Al-10Ce master alloy, 0.300 g of Al-50Cu master alloy, 0.750 g of Al-10Mg master alloy, 0.075 g of pure Zn and 1.200 g of refining agent hexachloroethane were weighed.

[0062] The remaining steps are exactly the same as the process method and parameters of Example 1.

[0063] The conductivity, tensile strength and elongation of the high conductivity-high plasticity wires prepared in Examples 1 to 5 are compared with the standard values ​​recommended by the national standard for aluminum alloy wires for cable conductors (GB / T 30552-2014). Figure 5 As shown, the dotted line in the figure is the standard value. The figure shows that the performance indicators of the samples prepared by Examples 1 to 5 are significantly higher than the national standard recommended values, except that the strength is slightly higher than the lower limit of the national standard recommended value, and the conductivity and plasticity indicators are significantly higher than the national standard recommended values.

[0064] Embodiment 6: The raw materials are prepared according to the mass percentage of the Al-0.3Fe-0.3Si-0.1Ce-0.1Cu-0.05Mg-0.05Zn aluminum alloy formula: This example is used to illustrate that under suitable formula and preparation process conditions, an aluminum alloy wire with high conductivity and high tensile strength requirements can be prepared. The preparation steps of the wire are as follows: (1) Weighing According to the mass ratio, 140.625 g of high-purity aluminum, 4.500 g of Al-10Fe master alloy, 2.250 g of Al-20Si master alloy, 1.500 g of Al-10Ce master alloy, 0.300 g of Al-50Cu master alloy, 0.750 g of Al-10Mg master alloy, 0.075 g of pure Zn and 0.750 g of refining agent hexachloroethane were weighed.

[0065] The process methods and parameters of melting, refining, casting, solution treatment, primary aging treatment, torsional extrusion and composite cold deformation in steps (2) to (7) are exactly the same as those in Example (1).

[0066] (8) Secondary aging treatment The aluminum alloy wire obtained in step (7) is subjected to secondary aging in a muffle furnace at a temperature of 220° C. for 4 h, and a rare earth aluminum alloy wire is prepared after cooling in the furnace. The wire is a soft rare earth aluminum alloy wire.

[0067] Embodiment 7: Prepare the raw materials according to the mass percentages of the Al-0.3Fe-0.3Si-0.35Er-0.1Cu-0.05Mg-0.05Zn aluminum alloy formula: This example is used to illustrate that under suitable formula and preparation process conditions, an aluminum alloy wire that meets the requirements of high electrical conductivity and high tensile strength can be prepared. The preparation steps of the wire are as follows: (1) Weighing Weigh 136.700 g of high-purity aluminum, 4.500 g of Al-10Fe master alloy, 2.250 g of Al-20Si master alloy, 5.250 g of Al-10Er master alloy, 0.300 g of Al-50Cu master alloy, 0.750 g of Al-10Mg master alloy, 0.250 g of Al-30Zn master alloy, and 0.750 g of refining agent hexachloroethane according to the mass ratio.

[0068] (2)-(5) The process methods and parameters of the melting, refining, casting, and solution treatment steps are exactly the same as those in Example (1).

[0069] (6) First-stage aging treatment Put the homogenized heat-treated aluminum alloy casting rod obtained in step (5) into a muffle furnace. After keeping it at a constant temperature of 200 °C for 10 h, cool it to room temperature with the furnace to obtain an Al-Fe-Si-based aluminum alloy rod with a certain amount of dispersed phase.

[0070] (7) Torsion extrusion and drawing composite cold deformation On a rolling mill, extrude the aluminum alloy rod obtained in step (6) using square-hole rollers. Subject the round-section rod to 8 passes of torsion extrusion to obtain a square wire. Subsequently, on a wire drawing machine, pass the square wire sequentially through round-hole dies of different diameters for wire drawing. Generally, 6 passes of wire drawing are carried out to draw a rare-earth aluminum alloy wire. The wire without further heat treatment is called a hard-state aluminum alloy wire.

[0071] (8) Second-stage aging treatment Carry out second-stage aging on the aluminum alloy wire obtained in step (7) in a muffle furnace at a temperature of 220 °C for 6 h, and cool it with the furnace to prepare a rare-earth aluminum alloy wire, which is a soft-state rare-earth aluminum alloy wire.

[0072] Example 8: Prepare the raw materials according to the mass percentages of the Al-0.3Fe-0.2Si-0.15Ce-0.2Cu-0.05Mg-0.05Zn aluminum alloy formula: This example is used to illustrate that under suitable formula and preparation process conditions, an aluminum alloy wire that meets the requirements of high electrical conductivity and high tensile strength can be prepared. The preparation steps of the wire are as follows: (1) Weighing Weigh 141.660 g of industrial pure aluminum, 3.540 g of Al-10Fe master alloy, 1.125 g of Al-20Si master alloy, 2.250 g of Al-10Ce master alloy, 0.600 g of Al-50Cu master alloy, 0.750 g of Al-10Mg master alloy, 0.075 g of pure Zn, and 0.750 g of refining agent hexachloroethane according to the mass ratio.

[0073] The process methods and process parameters of melting, refining, and casting in steps (2)-(4) are exactly the same as those in Example 1.

[0074] (5) Solution treatment Put the aluminum alloy casting rod obtained in step (4) into a muffle furnace and keep it at a constant temperature of 500 °C for 6 h, then quickly take it out of the furnace and cool it naturally to room temperature to obtain a solution-treated aluminum alloy casting rod.

[0075] The process methods and process parameters of primary aging and combined cold deformation of torsion extrusion and drawing in steps (6) and (7) are exactly the same as those in Example 1.

[0076] (8) Secondary aging treatment Perform secondary aging on the aluminum alloy wire obtained in step (7) in a muffle furnace at a temperature of 220 °C for 8 h, and cool it with the furnace to prepare a rare earth aluminum alloy wire, which is a soft rare earth aluminum alloy wire.

[0077] Example 9: Prepare its raw materials according to the mass percentage of the Al-0.3Fe-0.3Si-0.1Ce-0.1Cu-0.05Mg-0.05Zn aluminum alloy formula: This example is used to illustrate that under suitable formula and preparation process conditions, an aluminum alloy wire that meets the requirements of both high electrical conductivity and high tensile strength can be prepared. The preparation steps of the wire are as follows: (1) Weighing Weigh 141.960 g of industrial pure aluminum, 3.540 g of Al-10Fe master alloy, 1.875 g of Al-20Si master alloy, 1.500 g of Al-10Ce master alloy, 0.300 g of Al-50Cu master alloy, 0.750 g of Al-10Mg master alloy, 0.075 g of pure Zn, and 0.750 g of refining agent hexachloroethane according to the mass ratio.

[0078] The product obtained after the combined cold deformation of torsion extrusion and drawing in step (7) of this example is not subjected to secondary aging treatment, and the process methods and parameters of the remaining steps are exactly the same as those in Example 1.

[0079] The comparison of the conductivity, tensile strength and elongation of the high conductivity-high strength wires prepared in Examples 6 to 9 with the standard values recommended by the national standard for aluminum alloy wires for cable conductors (GB / T 30552-2014) is as follows Figure 6 As shown, the dotted line in the figure is the standard value. This figure shows that except for the plasticity index not meeting the standard recommended value, the conductivity and tensile strength indexes of the aluminum alloy wires prepared in Examples 6 to 8 are far higher than the lower limit of the standard recommended value, and they are non-standard products.

[0080] Example 10: Prepare its raw materials according to the mass percentages of the Al-0.3Fe-0.2Si-0.15Ce-0.1Cu-0.2Mg-0.05Zn aluminum alloy formula: This example is used to illustrate that under suitable formula and preparation process conditions, an aluminum alloy wire that can meet the requirements of high conductivity, high strength and high plasticity can be prepared. The preparation steps of this wire are as follows: (1)Weighing Weigh 138.375 g of high-purity aluminum, 4.500 g of Al-10Fe master alloy, 1.500 g of Al-20Si master alloy, 2.250 g of Al-10Ce master alloy, 0.300 g of Al-50Cu master alloy, 3.000 g of Al-10Mg master alloy, 0.075 g of pure Zn, and 0.750 g of refining agent hexachloroethane according to the mass ratio.

[0081] (2)-(7) Except that the process parameters of the secondary aging in step (8) of this example are different from those in Example 1, the remaining process methods and steps are exactly the same as those in Example 1.

[0082] (8)Secondary aging treatment Carry out secondary aging on the aluminum alloy wire obtained in step (7) in a muffle furnace at a temperature of 260 °C for 4 h of constant temperature, and then cool it with the furnace to prepare a rare earth aluminum alloy wire, which is a soft-state rare earth aluminum alloy wire.

[0083] Example 11: Prepare its raw materials according to the mass percentages of the Al-0.3Fe-0.2Si-0.15Ce-0.1Cu-0.05Mg-0.2Zn aluminum alloy formula: This example is used to illustrate that under suitable formula and preparation process conditions, an aluminum alloy wire that can meet the requirements of high conductivity, high strength and high plasticity can be prepared. The preparation steps of this wire are as follows: (1)Weighing Weigh 141.735 g of industrial pure aluminum, 3.540 g of Al-10Fe master alloy, 1.125 g of Al-20Si master alloy, 2.250 g of Al-10Ce master alloy, 0.300 g of Al-50Cu master alloy, 0.750 g of Al-10Mg master alloy, 0.300 g of pure Zn, and 0.750 g of refining agent hexachloroethane according to the mass ratio.

[0084] (2)-(7) Except that the process parameters of the secondary aging in step (8) are different from those in Example 1, the remaining process methods and steps are exactly the same as those in Example 1.

[0085] (8) Secondary aging treatment Carry out secondary aging on the aluminum alloy wire obtained in step (7) in a muffle furnace at a temperature of 260 °C for 2 h of constant temperature, and then cool it with the furnace to prepare a rare earth aluminum alloy wire, which is a soft rare earth aluminum alloy wire.

[0086] Example 12: Prepare its raw materials according to the mass percentage of the Al-0.3Fe-0.3Si-0.2Ce-0.1Cu-0.05Mg-0.05Zn aluminum alloy formula: This example is used to illustrate that under suitable formula and preparation process conditions, an aluminum alloy wire that can meet the requirements of high electrical conductivity, high strength, and high plasticity can be prepared.

[0087] Except that the secondary aging process parameters of this wire are different from those in Example 1, the remaining formula, preparation process methods and parameters are exactly the same as those in Example 1.

[0088] (8) Secondary aging treatment Carry out secondary aging on the aluminum alloy wire obtained in step (7) in a muffle furnace at a temperature of 240 °C for 8 h of constant temperature, and then cool it with the furnace to prepare a rare earth aluminum alloy wire, which is a soft rare earth aluminum alloy wire.

[0089] The comparison of the electrical conductivity, tensile strength and elongation of the high electrical conductivity-high strength-high plasticity wires prepared in Examples 10-12 with the standard values recommended by the national standard for aluminum alloy wires for cable conductors (GB / T 30552-2014) is as Figure 7 shown. The dotted line in the figure is the standard value. This figure shows that the aluminum alloy wires prepared in Examples 10-12 are generally significantly higher than the lower limit of the standard recommended value in terms of electrical conductivity, strength and plasticity. However, in terms of single-sided performance, the plasticity is not as good as that in Examples 1-5, and the strength is not as good as the samples prepared in Examples 6-8 (only soft state comparison).

[0090] Example illustration: Note 1: Since the aluminum alloy wires used in actual applications generally require a soft state, especially for aluminum alloy wires used in cables, except for the wire prepared in Example 9 which is a hard-state aluminum alloy wire, the rest are in a soft state.

[0091] Note 2: The wires prepared in Examples 1 to 5 above have the characteristics of high electrical conductivity (≥62% IACS), high plasticity (elongation rate ≥20%), but low tensile strength (≤105 MPa). These indicators all meet the standard requirements of aluminum alloy wires for cable conductors (GB / T 30552-2014), and are suitable for occasions with high requirements for electrical conductivity and plasticity, such as cable laying scenarios with a small bending radius.

[0092] Note 3: The wires prepared in Examples 6 to 9 above have the characteristics of high electrical conductivity (≥62% IACS), high tensile strength (≥140 MPa), and low plasticity (elongation rate <10%). The wire prepared in Example 9 is a hard-state aluminum alloy wire. These wires are suitable for applications in occasions with high requirements for electrical conductivity, extremely high requirements for tensile strength, and low requirements for plasticity.

[0093] Note 4: The wires prepared in Examples 10 to 12 above have good comprehensive performance, that is, relatively high electrical conductivity (≥62% IACS), relatively high plasticity (elongation rate ≥13%), and relatively high tensile strength (≥110 MPa). These indicators all meet the standard requirements of aluminum alloy wires for cable conductors (GB / T 30552-2014).

[0094] Note 5: The "torsion extrusion drawing composite cold deformation" involved in the above embodiments is to first extrude the aluminum alloy round rod to form a wire with a square cross-section, and then draw the wire with a square cross-section into a round wire. During the transformation from round → square → round, the internal particles of the aluminum alloy rod are rheologically changed in multiple directions. Under the same deformation amount, the aluminum alloy has a higher dislocation density and a lower nucleation energy inside, which is beneficial to improving the subsequent secondary aging effect. Further, the "torsion" method adopted in the present invention is different from the ordinary torsion method. The ordinary torsion is to apply an additional torque to the rod so that the rod enters the die hole in a rotating state, and the whole rod rotates and translates. However, in the present invention, there is no need to apply this external torque to the rod additionally. Instead, when the rod passes through the die hole, due to the difference between the original shape of the rod and the shape of the die hole, the rod is subjected to circumferential stress while being subjected to axial and radial stresses, and the rod naturally undergoes torsional deformation under this circumferential stress, thereby realizing the composite deformation of torsion + extrusion drawing. The profile change of the sample (from the rod to the wire) during the "torsion extrusion drawing composite cold deformation" process of the present invention is as Figure 3As shown, this figure reflects the changing trends of the outer contour and cross-sectional area of the prepared sample during the cold deformation process, which illustrates from the side that during the cold deformation process, the particles within the sample not only flow axially to make the sample thinner and longer, but also move circumferentially to compensate for the voids generated due to the shape differences between the die hole and the sample, resulting in a deeper degree of deformation in the internal structure of the sample.

[0095] The effect of the rare earth microalloying of the present invention is shown in Figure 2 , this figure illustrates the stabilizing and dispersing effect of rare earth microalloying on the Al-Fe-Si second phase. Of course, this effect can only be achieved through a specific process that matches the alloy composition formula.

[0096] To facilitate a clearer understanding of the formula of the rare earth microalloyed Al-Fe-Si based aluminum alloy, it is summarized in Table 1.

[0097] Table 1 Composition formula of the rare earth microalloyed aluminum alloy wire in the examples (g) Remark: In the industrial pure aluminum in Table 1, the contents of Fe and Si are 0.064wt% and 0.05wt% respectively, and the contents of the remaining elements are very low. Therefore, only the Fe and Si elements in the raw materials are considered for compensation during batching, and the remaining elements are batched according to the chemical stoichiometry of the alloy.

[0098] To show the specific indicators of the main mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of the aluminum alloy prepared in the examples, they are listed in Table 2 as follows: Table 2 Data sheet of the performance test of the rare earth microalloyed aluminum alloy wire at room temperature (20°C) Through comprehensive analysis, it is known that the rare earth microalloyed Al-Fe-Si based aluminum alloy wire prepared by the present invention, within the scope of the patent protection, can prepare a new and practical high-conductivity aluminum alloy conductor material with better electrical conductivity than 6xxx series aluminum alloys, better mechanical properties than 1xxx series aluminum alloys, and better comprehensive properties than 8xxx series aluminum alloys by selecting appropriate alloy formulas, process flows and parameters, and has great potential in high-precision fields such as wire and cable, electrical equipment, etc.

[0099] The foregoing description of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention is for purposes of illustration and exemplification. These descriptions are not intended to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed, and it is apparent that many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teachings. The purpose of selecting and describing the exemplary embodiments is to explain the specific principles of the invention and its practical applications, so that those skilled in the art can implement and utilize the various different exemplary embodiments of the invention, as well as various different selections and modifications. The scope of the present invention is intended to be defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A rare earth microalloyed Al-Fe-Si based multi-purpose aluminum alloy wire, characterized in that, The nominal components of the multi-purpose aluminum alloy wire are Al-xFe-ySi-zRE-mCu-nMg-pZn, where the coefficients x, y, z, m, n, p represent the mass percentage contents of Fe, Si, RE, Cu, Mg, Zn in the aluminum alloy wire respectively. Among them, 0.3 ≤ x ≤ 0.55, 0.15 < y ≤ 0.3, 0.1 ≤ z ≤ 0.35, m ≤ 0.2, n ≤ 0.2, p ≤ 0.2, and x ≥ y.

2. The rare earth microalloyed Al-Fe-Si based multi-purpose aluminum alloy wire according to claim 1, characterized in that, The RE is Ce or Er.

3. The rare earth microalloyed Al-Fe-Si based multi-purpose aluminum alloy wire according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The multi-purpose aluminum alloy wire is a high conductivity-high strength wire, or a high conductivity-high plasticity wire, or a high conductivity-high strength-high plasticity wire; The high conductivity-high strength wire has a conductivity ≥ 62% IACS and a tensile strength ≥ 140 MPa, and is suitable for occasions with large vertical drop and large span; The high conductivity-high plasticity wire has a conductivity ≥ 63% IACS and an elongation ≥ 20%, and is suitable for underground laying and occasions with a small bending radius; The high conductivity-high strength-high plasticity wire has a conductivity ≥ 62% IACS, a tensile strength ≥ 110 MPa, and an elongation ≥ 13%, and is suitable for use as an aluminum alloy wire for cables.

4. A preparation method of the rare earth microalloyed Al-Fe-Si based multi-purpose aluminum alloy wire according to claim 1, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: (1) Preparation of materials: According to the components and dosages of the aluminum alloy wire described in Claim 1, pure aluminum is weighed as the aluminum alloy base material, and Fe, Si, RE, Cu, Mg aluminum-based master alloys and pure Zn are weighed as alloying agents; (2) Melting: The raw materials of each component are melted to obtain an aluminum alloy melt; (3) Refining: A refining agent is added to the aluminum alloy melt for refining; (4) Casting: The refined aluminum alloy melt is made into an aluminum alloy cast rod; (5) Solution treatment: The aluminum alloy cast rod is subjected to solution treatment to obtain a solution-treated aluminum alloy cast rod; (6) First-stage aging: The solution-treated aluminum alloy cast rod is kept at a constant temperature of 180 - 200 °C for 8 - 12 h, and then cooled to room temperature with the furnace, obtaining an Al-Fe-Si-based aluminum alloy guide rod with a certain dispersion phase structure; (7) Torsion extrusion and drawing composite cold deformation: On a rolling mill, the Al-Fe-Si-based aluminum alloy guide rod is extruded using a square-hole roller, and the round-section guide rod is extruded through 6 - 10 passes to obtain a square wire. Subsequently, on a wire drawing machine, the square wire is sequentially and orderly drawn through round-hole dies with different diameters for 5 - 8 passes to be drawn into a round aluminum alloy wire, obtaining a hard-state aluminum alloy wire; (8) Second-stage aging: The hard-state aluminum alloy wire is subjected to artificial aging, heated to 240 - 260 °C, kept at a constant temperature for 2 - 8 h, and cooled with the furnace to obtain the multi-purpose aluminum alloy wire.

5. The preparation method of the rare earth microalloyed Al-Fe-Si based multi-purpose aluminum alloy wire according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step (2), the specific method of the melting is: The pure aluminum is placed in a reaction vessel and heated to 720 - 750 °C for insulation. After the pure aluminum is completely melted, the master alloys of Fe, Cu, RE, Si, Mg and pure Zn are added to the aluminum liquid in sequence. After each alloy is added, it is stirred for 4 - 6 min. After all the master alloys are added, it is left standing for 5 - 10 min to obtain an aluminum alloy melt with a stable temperature.

6. The preparation method of the rare earth microalloyed Al-Fe-Si based multi-purpose aluminum alloy wire according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step (3), the specific refining method is as follows: adding a refining agent to the aluminum alloy melt, stirring for 4 - 6 min, standing for 5 - 10 min, skimming the slag, and then continuously stirring slowly while maintaining the temperature at 720 - 750 °C for 3 - 5 min.

7. The preparation method of the rare earth microalloyed Al-Fe-Si based multi-purpose aluminum alloy wire according to claim 4 or 6, characterized in that, The refining agent is hexachloroethane, and the addition amount of the hexachloroethane is 0.3 - 0.8 wt% of the total mass of the aluminum alloy melt.

8. The preparation method of the rare earth microalloyed Al-Fe-Si based multi-purpose aluminum alloy wire according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step (4), the specific casting method is as follows: pouring the refined aluminum alloy melt into a mold preheated to 300 - 450 °C, and naturally cooling it in a room temperature environment to form an aluminum alloy casting rod.

9. The preparation method of the rare earth microalloyed Al-Fe-Si based multi-purpose aluminum alloy wire according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step (5), the specific solution treatment method is as follows: putting the aluminum alloy casting rod into a muffle furnace, keeping the temperature constant at 500 - 520 °C for 4 - 6 h, then quickly taking it out of the furnace and naturally cooling it to room temperature to obtain a solution-treated aluminum alloy casting rod.

10. The preparation method of the rare earth microalloyed Al-Fe-Si based multi-purpose aluminum alloy wire according to claim 4, characterized in that,In step (7), the torsional extrusion and drawing composite cold deformation is carried out at room temperature.

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