Laser cutting tool

Abstract

The invention provides a laser cutting tool, and belongs to the technical field of laser cutting equipment, the laser cutting tool comprises a robot body, a to-be-cut workpiece, a cutting head and a positioning clamp, and further comprises a ceramic lock hoop, a nozzle, an air outlet control assembly and a trigger assembly; the follow-up head senses workpiece surface fluctuation in real time and automatically adjusts the height of the cutting head; by controlling the intensity of magnetic force between the electromagnetic ring and the sliding sleeve and matching with the arrangement of the columnar-cone-shaped blocking needle and the air guide channel, on the premise that the ventilation intensity is not changed, the air injection amount can be adjusted, and the cutting interruption risk is effectively reduced; through cooperation of the air storage box, the check ring and the like, the dirt and overheating state of the ceramic surface can be automatically monitored and cleaned according to the thermal expansion and cold contraction principle; through cooperation of a connecting plate, a side baffle and the like, rotating airflow is formed during normal cutting, and the cleaning and cooling effects on a cutting area are enhanced; and gas multi-channel spraying is achieved in the ceramic cleaning mode, the cutting quality can be improved, and the ceramic cleaning requirement can be met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of laser cutting equipment, and in particular to a laser cutting tool. Background Art

[0002] Laser cutting is a processing method that heats the cutting part by focusing the laser beam formed by the laser oscillator through a focusing lens, and sprays auxiliary gas around the laser beam from the nozzle of the laser cutting head. Laser cutting is carried out by covering the cutting part while inducing a combustion reaction in the cutting part, and the cutting is completed by blowing away the metal melted by the laser.

[0003] Existing laser cutting equipment has the following shortcomings in actual use. First, when cutting different parts of the workpiece, traditional equipment mainly relies on adjusting the ventilation intensity to control the jet intensity. This control method has obvious defects. Frequent adjustment of the ventilation intensity can easily lead to pressure fluctuations in the gas source system, causing the gas flow to fluctuate, resulting in unstable air flow supply during the cutting process. Once the air flow supply fluctuates, the slag in the cutting area cannot be discharged in time, which can easily cause quality problems such as slag hanging and unevenness on the cut, seriously affecting the cutting accuracy and surface quality; low cleaning efficiency of ceramic parts: Second, the ceramic parts in the cutting head are exposed to high temperatures for a long time during the laser cutting process. In harsh environments such as high temperature and splashing, it is very easy to attach a large amount of pollutants such as slag and smoke generated by cutting. At the same time, overheating may occur due to continuous heating. The existing cleaning method mainly relies on manual operation, which has serious lag and low efficiency problems. Manual cleaning often needs to be carried out after the equipment is shut down, and the cleaning process takes a long time, and it is difficult to accurately grasp the best time for cleaning. If the cleaning is not timely, the pollutants attached to the ceramic surface will affect the transmission and focusing effect of the laser, resulting in laser energy loss and reduced cutting efficiency. Overheated ceramic parts may also experience performance degradation or even damage, further affecting the cutting quality and the normal operation of the equipment.

[0004] How to invent a laser cutting tool to solve these problems has become an urgent problem to be solved by technical personnel in this field. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to make up for the above shortcomings, the present invention provides a laser cutting tool, aiming to solve the problems mentioned in the above background.

[0006] The present invention is achieved in that: The present invention provides a laser cutting tooling, which includes a robot body, a workpiece to be cut, a cutting head and a positioning fixture. The cutting head is installed at the end of the robot body. The positioning fixture is used to position and clamp the workpiece to be cut. The cutting head includes a cutting head optical path system and a cutting nozzle body installed at its lower end. A protective lens and a light-shielding cover are installed in the cutting nozzle body. An air inlet cavity is formed between the light-shielding cover and the inner cavity of the cutting nozzle body. A gas source interface is connected to the outside of the cutting nozzle body, and the gas source interface is communicated with the air inlet cavity. A follower head is arranged at the lower end of the cutting nozzle body. The laser cutting tooling further includes: A ceramic lock hoop, a nozzle, ceramics, a metal ring: The ceramic lock hoop, the nozzle, the ceramics, and the metal ring are arranged at the lower end of the cutting nozzle body; An air outlet control component: The air outlet control component is arranged on the follower head and the light-shielding cover; A triggering component: The triggering component is arranged in the metal ring and the nozzle.

[0007] Preferably, a positioning stud and a contact point are fixedly arranged at the lower end of the follower head. A thread and a sealing ring are arranged on the outside of the follower head. The external thread of the positioning stud matches the internal thread of the ceramic lock hoop. A positioning concave hole matching the positioning stud and the contact point is arranged at the lower end of the ceramics. A metal ring is snap-fitted and installed inside the ceramics. The nozzle is threadedly connected to the metal ring.

[0008] Preferably, during installation, first install the nozzle through the threaded fit between the metal ring and the nozzle. Then place the ceramics at the end of the follower head according to the positions of the positioning concave hole and the contact point. Then put on the ceramic lock hoop. Hold the end of the ceramics with the little finger and keep the ceramics closely attached to the follower head when rotating the ceramic lock hoop.

[0009] Preferably, the air outlet control component includes an electromagnetic ring, a fixed sleeve and a sliding sleeve. An installation groove matching the electromagnetic ring is arranged at the end of the follower head. The electromagnetic ring is fixedly installed in the installation groove. A wire groove for the connection wire of the electromagnetic ring to pass through is arranged in the cutting nozzle body. The fixed sleeve is fixed on the outer side wall of the light-shielding cover. A limiting groove is opened in the middle of the fixed sleeve. A plurality of stop pins are annularly connected to one end of the light-shielding cover away from the nozzle. One end of the sliding sleeve is slidably connected to the limiting groove. A magnetic force area is arranged at the end of the sliding sleeve away from the stop pins. The sliding sleeve and the bottom wall of the fixed sleeve are elastically connected by a first spring. A plurality of air guiding channels are annularly opened inside the sliding sleeve.

[0010] Preferably, when the electromagnetic ring is energized, the opposite surfaces to the magnetic force area are set with different polar magnetisms. The end of the air guiding channel is blocked by the limiting groove when the first spring is in the initial state.

[0011] Preferably, the sliding sleeve is slidably and sealingly connected between the fixed sleeve and the air inlet cavity. The number of the stop pins is equal to that of the air guide channels. The stop pins are inserted into the corresponding air guide channels. The stop pins are arranged in a columnar and conical shape. The channel diameter of the air guide channel is adapted to the diameter of the columnar area of the stop pin.

[0012] Preferably, the trigger assembly includes a gas storage box, a cleaning channel opened in the metal ring, and a side channel opened in the nozzle. The gas storage box is fixed under the electromagnetic ring. The side wall of the gas storage box is attached to the inner wall of the metal ring. A sliding ring is sealingly and slidably connected inside the gas storage box. The sliding ring divides the inner cavity of the gas storage box into two spaces. A gas storage area is formed by enclosing between the inner cavity of the gas storage box close to the electromagnetic ring and the sliding ring. Nitrogen is filled in the gas storage area. A connecting rod is fixedly connected to the side wall of the sliding ring far from the electromagnetic ring. The end of the connecting rod penetrates through the bottom wall of the gas storage box and extends to the outside of the gas storage box. A retaining ring is fixedly connected to the end of the connecting rod. The outer port of the cleaning channel is inclined and arranged towards the outer side wall of the ceramic. The cleaning channel is distributed in a ring shape around the central axis of the metal ring.

[0013] Preferably, the gas storage box is made of high thermal conductivity copper-nickel alloy. The retaining ring is attached to the inner wall of the metal ring. The retaining ring completely blocks the cleaning channel when the second spring is in the initial state. When the second spring is in the stretched state, the retaining ring no longer blocks the cleaning channel.

[0014] Preferably, a trigger switch is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the gas storage box far from the gas storage area. The trigger switch is electrically connected to the electromagnetic ring.

[0015] Preferably, a connecting plate is fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the retaining ring. A side baffle is fixedly connected to the side wall of the connecting plate facing the electromagnetic ring. A plurality of connecting pipes are connected through the bottom of the connecting plate. The connecting pipes are distributed in a matching manner with the side channels. The lower ends of the connecting pipes are inserted into the side channels.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. The robot body drives the cutting head to move according to a preset program. The positioning fixture firmly clamps the automotive longitudinal arm to be cut, effectively preventing cutting displacement. The follow-up head senses the surface undulation of the workpiece in real time and automatically adjusts the height of the cutting head to ensure the precise focusing of the laser beam. By controlling the magnetic force intensity between the electromagnetic ring and the sliding sleeve, the movement position of the sliding sleeve can be adjusted. With the setting of the columnar and conical stop pins and the air guide channels, based on the principle of fluid mechanics, the adjustment of the gas injection volume can be realized without changing the ventilation intensity, which is relatively independent of the change of the ventilation intensity, reduces the system instability factors that may be caused by the fluctuation of the ventilation intensity, and reduces the cutting interruption or quality fluctuation phenomenon caused by the unstable air flow control, ensuring the stability and consistency of the cutting quality.

[0017] 2. Through the cooperation of the air storage box, slip ring, retaining ring, etc., and by utilizing the principle of thermal expansion and contraction, automatic monitoring and cleaning of the dirt and overheating state on the ceramic surface are realized. When heat is generated on the ceramic surface due to dirt or overheating, auxiliary gas injection cleaning can be automatically triggered, effectively removing surface impurities and reducing the temperature, ensuring the normal working performance of the ceramic, and further improving the stability and precision of the laser cutting process, solving the problems of untimely and inefficient traditional manual cleaning; when the change in the ceramic state causes the slip ring to move and squeeze the trigger switch, the magnetic force of the electromagnetic ring can be automatically adjusted to offset the elastic force of Spring 1, realizing dynamic adjustment of the air flow rate, enabling the system to flexibly adapt to different cutting conditions.

[0018] 3. The gas diversion and mixing structure composed of the connecting plate, side baffle, connecting pipe and side channel forms a rotating air flow during normal cutting, enhancing the cleaning and cooling effects on the cutting area; in the ceramic cleaning mode, multi-channel gas injection is realized, optimizing the gas distribution, which can not only improve the cutting quality but also meet the ceramic cleaning requirements, meeting diverse cutting needs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention, and thus should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other relevant drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0020] Figure 1 is the overall structural schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 is the structural schematic diagram of the cutting head of the present invention; Figure 3 is the exploded structural schematic diagram of the cutting nozzle body of the present invention; Figure 4 is the sectional exploded structural schematic diagram of the cutting nozzle body of the present invention; Figure 5 is the structural schematic diagram during normal cutting of the present invention; Figure 6 is the structural schematic diagram when the ceramic surface is dirty of the present invention; Figure 7 is the sectional structural schematic diagram of the cutting nozzle body of the present invention; Figure 8 is the structural schematic diagram of the light shield and ceramic of the present invention; Figure 9 is of the present invention Figure 8 The enlarged structural schematic diagram at A in; Figure 10 is the partial exploded structural schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 11It is a schematic cross-sectional view of the local explosion structure of the present invention; Figure 12 It is a schematic cross-sectional structure view of the gas storage box of the present invention.

[0021] In the figure: 1. Cutting head; 2. Positioning fixture; 3. Cutting nozzle body; 4. Ceramic lock hoop; 5. Nozzle; 6. Ceramic; 7. Metal ring; 8. Light shield; 9. Gas storage box; 10. Robot body; 11. Cutting head optical path system; 21. Workpiece to be cut; 31. Follow-up head; 51. Side channel; 61. Positioning concave hole; 71. Cleaning channel; 80. Air inlet cavity; 81. Fixed sleeve; 82. Sliding sleeve; 83. Spring 1; 90. Gas storage area; 91. Slip ring; 92. Retaining ring; 93. Connecting plate; 94. Side baffle; 95. Spring 2; 96. Trigger switch; 311. Positioning convex column; 312. Sealing ring; 313. Electromagnetic ring; 314. Installation groove; 315. Wire groove; 810. Limit groove; 811. Stop pin; 821. Air guide channel; 822. Magnetic area; 911. Connecting rod; 931. Connecting pipe. Specific embodiments

[0022] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0023] Example 1, referring to Figures 1-9 , a laser cutting tooling, including a robot body 10, a workpiece to be cut 21, a cutting head 1 and a positioning fixture 2. The cutting head 1 is installed at the end of the robot body 10. The robot body 10 serves as a motion platform for the cutting head 1, providing the cutting head 1 with multi-dimensional motion capabilities. It can flexibly move the cutting head 1 according to the preset program and path, so as to perform cutting operations at different positions of the workpiece to be cut 21, improving the flexibility and adaptability of cutting. The installation method of the robot body 10 is divided into floor-mounted (such as Figure 1There are two ways of fixing, namely vacuum adsorption (as shown in the figure) and hoisting (not shown in the figure). The positioning fixture 2 is used to position and clamp the workpiece 21 to be cut, ensuring that the workpiece does not displace or shake during the cutting process, so as to ensure the cutting accuracy and consistency. Among them, the workpiece 21 to be cut in this solution is the left and right longitudinal arms of an automobile. The cutting head 1 includes a cutting head optical path system 11 and a cutting nozzle body 3 installed at its lower end. The cutting head optical path system 11 is responsible for transmitting, focusing and adjusting the laser beam generated by the laser generator, so that the laser beam can accurately irradiate the surface of the workpiece 21 to be cut, forming a light spot with a high energy density, thereby realizing the cutting of the workpiece. A protective lens and a light shield 8 are installed in the cutting nozzle body 3. The main function of the protective lens is to prevent pollutants such as flying objects and soot generated during the cutting process from entering the optical path system, protecting the optical elements from damage and extending their service life. An air inlet cavity 80 is formed between the light shield 8 and the inner cavity of the cutting nozzle body 3, providing a channel for the introduction of auxiliary gas. The outer side of the cutting nozzle body 3 is connected with a gas source interface, and the gas source interface is communicated with the air inlet cavity 80. The gas source interface is connected to an external gas source for delivering auxiliary gas to the air inlet cavity 80. Auxiliary gas plays an important role in laser cutting. For example, oxygen can react with metal materials to improve the cutting speed; nitrogen can prevent the cutting surface from oxidizing and improve the cutting quality. A follow-up head 31 is provided at the lower end of the cutting nozzle body 3. During the cutting process, the surface of the workpiece 21 to be cut may be uneven. The follow-up head 31 can sense the changes on the workpiece surface in real time and adjust the distance between the cutting head 1 and the workpiece, ensuring that the laser beam is always focused at the optimal position, thereby improving the cutting quality and stability. It also includes: Ceramic collar 4, nozzle 5, ceramic 6, metal ring 7: The ceramic collar 4, nozzle 5, ceramic 6, and metal ring 7 are arranged at the lower end of the cutting nozzle body 3; Outlet gas control assembly: The outlet gas control assembly is arranged on the follow-up head 31 and the light shield 8; Trigger assembly: The trigger assembly is arranged in the metal ring 7 and the nozzle 5.

[0024] Further, a positioning convex column 311 and a contact are fixedly arranged at the lower end of the follower head 31. The contact transmits signals related to the cutting state, such as temperature, pressure, etc. during the cutting process. Threads and a sealing ring 312 are arranged on the outer side of the follower head 31. The sealing ring 312 can effectively ensure the sealing performance of the connection part between the follower head 31 and other components. The external thread of the positioning convex column 311 matches the internal thread of the ceramic lock hoop 4. A positioning concave hole 61 matching the positioning convex column 311 and the contact is arranged at the lower end of the ceramic 6 to ensure the relative position accuracy between them and the follower head 31. A metal ring 7 is snap-fitted and installed inside the ceramic 6. The nozzle 5 is threadedly connected to the metal ring 7. The metal ring 7 transmits the force and signals during the cutting process from the nozzle 5 to the ceramic 6 and the follower head 31. The main function of the nozzle 5 is to accurately inject the auxiliary gas into the cutting area. During the laser cutting process, the auxiliary gas can help blow away the molten slag, cool the cutting area, and improve the cutting quality and efficiency. Through the threaded connection, the nozzle 5 can be conveniently installed and disassembled, facilitating replacement and maintenance.

[0025] During installation, first install the nozzle 5 through the threaded cooperation between the metal ring 7 and the nozzle 5, which can first ensure the accurate installation position and angle of the nozzle 5, providing good gas injection conditions for subsequent cutting operations. Then place the ceramic 6 at the end of the follower head 31 according to the positions of the positioning concave hole 61 and the contact to ensure the accurate installation of the ceramic 6. Then put on the ceramic lock hoop 4, hold the end of the ceramic 6 with the little finger, and keep the ceramic 6 closely attached to the follower head 31 when rotating the ceramic lock hoop 4 to prevent the ceramic 6 from loosening or displacing during the cutting process. When it is necessary to clean the ceramic 6, just unscrew the ceramic lock hoop 4.

[0026] Further, the gas outlet control assembly includes an electromagnetic ring 313, a fixed sleeve 81, and a sliding sleeve 82. An installation groove 314 matching the electromagnetic ring 313 is arranged at the end of the follower head 31. The electromagnetic ring 313 is fixedly installed in the installation groove 314. A wire groove 315 for the connection wire of the electromagnetic ring 313 to pass through is arranged inside the cutting nozzle body 3. The fixed sleeve 81 is fixed on the outer side wall of the light-shielding cover 8. A limiting groove 810 is opened in the middle of the fixed sleeve 81. A plurality of stop pins 811 are annularly connected to one end of the light-shielding cover 8 away from the nozzle 5. One end of the sliding sleeve 82 is slidably connected to the limiting groove 810. The limiting groove 810 limits the movement range of the sliding sleeve 82 to ensure that it can only slide within a certain axial distance. A magnetic force area 822 is arranged at the end of the sliding sleeve 82 away from the stop pins 811. The sliding sleeve 82 is elastically connected to the bottom wall of the fixed sleeve 81 through a first spring 83. A plurality of air guide channels 821 are annularly opened inside the sliding sleeve 82 for guiding the gas flow. Under the action of the electromagnetic ring 313 and the first spring 83, the sliding sleeve 82 can slide up and down inside the fixed sleeve 81, thereby controlling the opening and closing state of the air guide channels 821.

[0027] It should be noted that when the electromagnetic ring 313 is energized, the opposite surface to the magnetic force area 822 is set with different polar magnetisms. When the electromagnetic ring 313 is energized, it will generate a magnetic field, and its main function is to interact with the magnetic force area 822 at the end of the sliding sleeve 82, so as to control the movement of the sliding sleeve 82. When the first spring 83 is in the initial state, the limiting groove 810 blocks the end of the air guide channel 821 to prevent gas from passing through; the sliding sleeve 82 is slidably and sealingly connected to the fixed sleeve 81 and the air inlet cavity 80. The number of the stop pins 811 is equal to that of the air guide channels 821. The stop pins 811 are inserted into the corresponding air guide channels 821. The stop pins 811 are set in a columnar and conical shape. Through its unique structural setting, the gas injection volume can be controlled. The channel diameter of the air guide channel 821 is adapted to the diameter of the columnar area of the stop pin 811.

[0028] In this embodiment, the robot body 10 drives the cutting head 1 according to a preset program. The cutting head optical path system 11 transmits and focuses the laser beam onto the automotive longitudinal arm to be cut. The positioning fixture 2 firmly clamps the workpiece to prevent displacement during cutting. The protective lens in the cutting nozzle body 3 blocks the flying debris to protect the optical path. The light-shielding cover 8 and the cutting nozzle body 3 form an air inlet cavity 80. Auxiliary gas is introduced through the gas source interface and sprayed onto the cutting area through the nozzle 5. The follow-up head 31 senses the undulation of the workpiece surface in real time and adjusts the height of the cutting head 1 to ensure laser focusing.

[0029] When the electromagnetic ring 313 is energized, it will generate a magnetic field and interact with the magnetic force area 822 at the end of the sliding sleeve 82, so as to control the movement of the sliding sleeve 82. By controlling the energization intensity, the magnetic force intensity between the two can be controlled, and then the movement position of the sliding sleeve 82 can be controlled. When the auxiliary gas enters the air inlet cavity 80 through the gas source interface, the gas will push the sliding sleeve 82 to move and gradually stretch the first spring 83.

[0030] When the sliding sleeve 82 moves and the stop pin 811 is gradually pulled out from the air guide channel 821, since the stop pin is columnar and conical, the gap between it and the air guide channel 821 will change with the pulling-out distance. In the initial state, the stop pin 811 is inserted into the air guide channel 821, and at this time the channel is completely blocked and gas cannot pass through, and the gas injection volume is zero. As the stop pin 811 starts to be pulled out, the columnar and conical structure makes the annular gap between the stop pin 811 and the air guide channel 821 gradually increase. The gas flows out of the air guide channel 821 through this annular gap, and the size of the gap directly affects the flow rate and flow volume of the gas. According to the principle of fluid mechanics, the larger the cross-sectional area of the channel, the larger the gas flow volume. Therefore, by controlling the pulling-out distance of the stop pin 811, that is, controlling the size of the annular gap between it and the air guide channel 821, the precise control of the gas injection volume can be realized.

[0031] When the stop pin 811 is gradually pulled out, the cross-sectional area of the air guide channel 821 gradually increases, and the air injection volume also gradually increases; conversely, when the stop pin 811 is gradually inserted into the air guide channel 821, the annular gap gradually decreases, and the air injection volume also decreases accordingly until the stop pin 811 is completely inserted and the air injection volume is zero.

[0032] Compared with a simple columnar structure, the column-cone-shaped stop pin 811 can provide more continuous and fine adjustment of the air injection volume because the change in the gap between it and the air guide channel 821 is gradual rather than a sudden jump change. This allows the operator to accurately adjust the air injection volume according to different cutting process requirements to obtain the best cutting effect. For example, when cutting thinner materials, a smaller air injection volume is required to avoid unnecessary impact on the material and prevent excessive oxygen supply and overburning; while when cutting thicker materials, a larger air injection volume is needed to effectively blow away the slag. The column-cone-shaped stop pin 811 can well meet these different needs.

[0033] During the gas flow process, the column-cone-shaped structure can make the gas flow out of the air guide channel 821 more uniformly, reducing gas flow disorder and vortex phenomena. This helps to maintain the stability of gas injection and avoid affecting the cutting quality due to gas flow fluctuations. A stable air injection volume can ensure that the width and depth of the cutting seam remain consistent, improving the cutting accuracy and surface quality. When the stop pin 811 is inserted into the air guide channel 821, the column-cone-shaped structure can better fit the inner wall of the air guide channel 821 to form a good sealing effect and prevent gas leakage. Even during long-term use, due to wear and other reasons, the column-cone-shaped stop pin 811 can still maintain a relatively good sealing performance to a certain extent, ensuring the normal operation of the air outlet control component.

[0034] In this laser cutting tooling, the magnetic force intensity between the electromagnetic ring 313 and the sliding sleeve 82 can be controlled, thereby controlling the gas flow rate without changing the ventilation intensity. Not changing the ventilation intensity means that parameters such as the pressure of the gas source system are relatively stable and relatively independent of the change in ventilation intensity, reducing system instability factors that may be caused by ventilation intensity fluctuations. This stable control method helps to ensure the reliability of the entire laser cutting system during long-term operation and reduce cutting interruptions or quality fluctuations caused by unstable gas flow control.

[0035] Example 2, refer to Figures 5-12, the triggering component includes a gas storage box 9, a cleaning channel 71 formed inside the metal ring 7, and a side channel 51 formed inside the nozzle 5. The gas storage box 9 is fixed below the electromagnetic ring 313. The side wall of the gas storage box 9 is in contact with the inner wall of the metal ring 7. A sliding ring 91 is hermetically and slidably connected inside the gas storage box 9. The sliding ring 91 divides the inner cavity of the gas storage box 9 into two spaces. A gas storage area 90 is formed by enclosing between the inner cavity of the gas storage box 9 close to the electromagnetic ring 313 and the sliding ring 91. Nitrogen is filled in the gas storage area 90. A connecting rod 911 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the sliding ring 91 far from the electromagnetic ring 313. The end of the connecting rod 911 penetrates through the bottom wall of the gas storage box 9 and extends to the outside of the gas storage box 9. A retaining ring 92 is fixedly connected to the end of the connecting rod 911. When the sliding ring 91 moves inside the gas storage box 9, it will drive the retaining ring 92 to move together. The outer port of the cleaning channel 71 is inclined and is arranged towards the outer side wall of the ceramic 6. The cleaning channel 71 is distributed in a ring shape around the central axis of the metal ring 7, so that a part of the auxiliary gas in the intake cavity 80 can be evenly sprayed onto the outer side wall of the ceramic 6 through the cleaning channel 71 to clean the ceramic 6.

[0036] It should be noted that the gas storage box 9 is made of high thermal conductivity copper-nickel alloy material, which not only ensures good thermal conductivity, but also has certain strength and corrosion resistance, and can work stably in high-temperature and high-frequency working environments. When the surface of the ceramic 6 is dirty or overheated, the heat will be transferred to the gas storage box 9 through the metal ring 7. The nitrogen in the gas storage box 9 will expand due to heat, so as to push the sliding ring 91 to overcome the elastic force of the second spring 95. The retaining ring 92 is in contact with the inner wall of the metal ring 7. The retaining ring 92 in the initial state of the second spring 95 completely blocks the cleaning channel 71. At this time, the auxiliary gas cannot be discharged through the cleaning channel 71. When the second spring 95 is in a stretched state, the retaining ring 92 no longer blocks the cleaning channel 71. At this time, the auxiliary gas can be discharged through the cleaning channel 71.

[0037] Furthermore, a trigger switch 96 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the gas storage box 9 far from the gas storage area 90. The trigger switch 96 is electrically connected to the electromagnetic ring 313. When the trigger switch 96 is squeezed, it will send a signal to the electromagnetic ring 313, so as to increase the magnetic attraction between the electromagnetic ring 313 and the magnetic force area 822 (at this time, the gas does not need to overcome the elastic force of the first spring 83 anymore and can directly pass through the gap between the stop pin 811 and the air guide channel 821, because the elastic force of the first spring 83 has been offset by the magnetic attraction), so as to increase the air flow rate.

[0038] Furthermore, a connecting plate 93 is fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the retaining ring 92. A side baffle 94 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the connecting plate 93 facing the electromagnetic ring 313. A plurality of connecting pipes 931 are connected through the bottom of the connecting plate 93. The connecting pipes 931 are distributed in a matching manner with the side channel 51. The lower ends of the connecting pipes 931 are inserted into the side channel 51. During normal cutting, the connecting plate 93 and the side baffle 94 can intercept a part of the auxiliary gas. This part of the gas will enter the corresponding side channel 51 through the connecting pipes 931 and spray out in the inner cavity of the nozzle 5. This part of the gas will be mixed with the directly flowing out gas and cause it to rotate, so as to improve the cleaning and cooling ability when the air flow sprays out. When the retaining ring 92 no longer blocks the cleaning channel 71, a part of the auxiliary gas intercepted by the connecting plate 93 and the side baffle 94 will spray out through the cleaning channel 71 and the side channel 51 respectively.

[0039] In this embodiment, when heat is generated on the surface of the ceramic 6 due to dirt or overheating, the heat will be transferred to the gas storage box 9 through the metal ring 7. The gas storage area 90 in the gas storage box 9 is filled with nitrogen. The nitrogen will expand when heated. According to the principle of thermal expansion and contraction, the volume of the gas will increase when heated, thereby generating pressure on the slip ring 91 and pushing the slip ring 91 to move in the gas storage box 9. When the slip ring 91 moves under the action of the nitrogen expansion pressure, it will drive the retaining ring 92 to move together. In the initial state, the spring two 95 makes the retaining ring 92 completely block the cleaning channel 71 to prevent the auxiliary gas from passing through. When the slip ring 91 moves to overcome the elastic force of the spring two 95, the retaining ring 92 no longer blocks the cleaning channel 71. At this time, the auxiliary gas in the air inlet cavity 80 can be evenly sprayed onto the outer side wall of the ceramic 6 through the cleaning channel 71, which helps to comprehensively and effectively clean the ceramic 6, remove the dirt on the surface or reduce the overheated temperature, so as to ensure the normal working performance of the ceramic 6 and the stability and accuracy of the entire cutting process.

[0040] When the slip ring 91 moves to a certain position and presses the trigger switch 96, the trigger switch 96 will send a signal to the electromagnetic ring 313. After receiving the signal, the electromagnetic ring 313 will increase the magnetic suction force between it and the magnetic force area 822 at the end of the sliding sleeve 82. Since the magnetic force intensity between the electromagnetic ring 313 and the magnetic force area 822 can be adjusted by controlling the energization intensity, at this time, the energization intensity of the electromagnetic ring 313 increases, making the magnetic suction force increase, thereby offsetting the elastic force of the first spring 83. Under normal circumstances, the elastic force of the first spring 83 will have a blocking effect on the sliding sleeve 82, restricting the gas flow rate. When the magnetic suction force increases to be sufficient to offset the elastic force of the first spring 83, the gas no longer needs to overcome the obstruction of this elastic force. In this way, the gas can directly pass through the gap between the stop pin 811 and the air guide channel 821, thus realizing an increase in the air flow rate. This automatic control method of the air flow rate according to the state of the ceramic 6 enables the system to adapt to different working conditions and improves the flexibility and efficiency of the cutting process.

[0041] During normal cutting (refer to Figure 5 ), the connecting plate 93 and the side baffle 94 will intercept a part of the auxiliary gas. This part of the gas enters the side channel 51 through the connecting pipe 931 and then is ejected from the inner cavity of the nozzle 5. The gas ejected from the side channel 51 is mixed with the gas flowing directly from the main channel. Due to the design of the gas ejection angle and position of the side channel 51, it will cause the mixed gas to rotate, forming a swirling air flow. It can improve the cleaning and cooling ability when the air flow is ejected. Compared with the ordinary straight air flow, when the swirling air flow contacts the cutting area, it can cover the cutting surface more comprehensively and more effectively take away the heat and debris generated during the cutting process, so as to more effectively clean and cool the cutting area, improve the working efficiency and quality. When the retaining ring 92 does not block the cleaning channel 71 (refer to Figure 6 ), at this time, a part of the auxiliary gas intercepted by the connecting plate 93 and the side baffle 94 will be ejected through the cleaning channel 71 and the side channel 51 respectively.

[0042] Through the cooperation of the gas storage box 9, slip ring 91, retaining ring 92, etc., and by utilizing the principle of thermal expansion and contraction, the automatic monitoring and cleaning of the dirt and overheating state on the surface of the ceramic 6 are realized. When heat is generated on the surface of the ceramic 6 due to dirt or overheating, the auxiliary gas injection cleaning can be automatically triggered, effectively removing surface impurities and reducing the temperature, ensuring the normal working performance of the ceramic 6, and further improving the stability and precision of the cutting process, solving the problems of untimely and inefficient traditional manual cleaning; when the state change of the ceramic 6 causes the slip ring 91 to move and squeeze the trigger switch 96, the magnetic force of the electromagnetic ring 313 can be automatically adjusted to offset the elastic force of the first spring 83, realizing the dynamic adjustment of the air flow rate, so that the system can flexibly adapt to different cutting conditions; the gas shunt and mixing structure composed of the connecting plate 93, side baffle 94, connecting pipe 931 and side channel 51 can form a rotating air flow during normal cutting, enhancing the cleaning and cooling effects on the cutting area; in the cleaning mode of the ceramic 6, multi-channel gas injection can be realized, optimizing the gas distribution, effectively improving the cutting quality and efficiency, and meeting diverse cutting requirements.

[0043] It should be noted that the specific model specifications of the electromagnetic ring 313 need to be selected according to the actual specifications of the device, etc. The specific selection calculation method adopts the existing technology in this field, so it will not be elaborated in detail.

[0044] The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not used to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention can have various changes and modifications. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laser cutting tooling, comprising a robot body (10), a workpiece to be cut (21), a cutting head (1) and a positioning fixture (2). The cutting head (1) is installed at the end of the robot body (10). The positioning fixture (2) is used for positioning and clamping the workpiece to be cut (21). The cutting head (1) includes a cutting head optical path system (11) and a cutting nozzle body (3) installed at its lower end. A protective lens and a light-shielding cover (8) are installed in the cutting nozzle body (3). An air inlet cavity (80) is formed between the light-shielding cover (8) and the inner cavity of the cutting nozzle body (3). A gas source interface is connected to the outside of the cutting nozzle body (3), and the gas source interface is communicated with the air inlet cavity (80). A follower head (31) is arranged at the lower end of the cutting nozzle body (3), and its characteristics are that, Further included are: A ceramic ferrule (4), a nozzle (5), a ceramic (6), and a metal ring (7): The ceramic ferrule (4), the nozzle (5), the ceramic (6), and the metal ring (7) are arranged at the lower end of the cutting nozzle body (3); An air outlet control component: The air outlet control component is arranged on the follower head (31) and the light shield (8); A trigger component: The trigger component is arranged inside the metal ring (7) and the nozzle (5).

2. The laser cutting tooling according to claim 1, wherein A positioning convex column (311) and a contact point are fixedly arranged at the lower end of the follower head (31). A thread and a sealing ring (312) are arranged on the outer side of the follower head (31). The outer thread of the positioning convex column (311) matches the inner thread of the ceramic ferrule (4). A positioning concave hole (61) matching the positioning convex column (311) and the contact point is arranged at the lower end of the ceramic (6). The metal ring (7) is snap-fitted and installed inside the ceramic (6). The nozzle (5) is threadedly connected to the metal ring (7).

3. A laser cutting tooling according to claim 2, characterized in that, During installation, first install the nozzle (5) through the threaded fit between the metal ring (7) and the nozzle (5). Then place the ceramic (6) at the end of the follower head (31) according to the positions of the positioning concave hole (61) and the contact point. Then put on the ceramic ferrule (4), hold the end of the ceramic (6) with the little finger, and keep the ceramic (6) closely attached to the follower head (31) when rotating the ceramic ferrule (4).

4. A laser cutting tooling according to claim 1, characterized in that The air outlet control component includes an electromagnetic ring (313), a fixed sleeve (81), and a sliding sleeve (82). An installation groove (314) matching the electromagnetic ring (313) is arranged at the end of the follower head (31). The electromagnetic ring (313) is fixedly installed in the installation groove (314). A wire groove (315) for the connection wire of the electromagnetic ring (313) to pass through is arranged inside the cutting nozzle body (3). The fixed sleeve (81) is fixed on the outer side wall of the light shield (8). A limiting groove (810) is opened in the middle of the fixed sleeve (81). A plurality of stop pins (811) are annularly connected to one end of the light shield (8) away from the nozzle (5). One end of the sliding sleeve (82) is slidably connected to the limiting groove (810). A magnetic force area (822) is arranged at the end of the sliding sleeve (82) away from the stop pins (811). The sliding sleeve (82) is elastically connected to the bottom wall of the fixed sleeve (81) through a first spring (83). A plurality of air guide channels (821) are annularly opened inside the sliding sleeve (82).

5. The laser cutting tooling according to claim 4, wherein When the electromagnetic ring (313) is energized, the opposite surfaces to the magnetic force area (822) are set with different polar magnetisms. The limiting groove (810) in the initial state of the first spring (83) blocks the end of the air guide channel (821).

6. The laser cutting tooling according to claim 4, wherein The sliding sleeve (82) is slidably and sealingly connected to the fixed sleeve (81) and the air inlet cavity (80). The number of the stop pins (811) is equal to that of the air guide channels (821). The stop pins (811) are inserted inside the corresponding air guide channels (821). The stop pins (811) are arranged in a columnar and conical shape. The channel diameter of the air guide channel (821) is adapted to the diameter of the columnar area of the stop pin (811).

7. A laser cutting tooling according to claim 4, characterized in that, The trigger assembly includes a gas storage box (9), a cleaning channel (71) opened in a metal ring (7), and a side channel (51) opened in a nozzle (5). The gas storage box (9) is fixed to the lower side of an electromagnetic ring (313). The side wall of the gas storage box (9) is attached to the inner wall of the metal ring (7). A sliding ring (91) is hermetically and slidably connected inside the gas storage box (9). The sliding ring (91) divides the inner cavity of the gas storage box (9) into two spaces. A gas storage area (90) is formed by enclosing between the inner cavity of the gas storage box (9) near the electromagnetic ring (313) and the sliding ring (91). Nitrogen is filled in the gas storage area (90). A connecting rod (911) is fixedly connected to the side wall of the sliding ring (91) away from the electromagnetic ring (313). The end of the connecting rod (911) penetrates through the bottom wall of the gas storage box (9) and extends to the outside of the gas storage box (9). A retaining ring (92) is fixedly connected to the end of the connecting rod (911). The outer port of the cleaning channel (71) is inclined and oriented towards the outer side wall of the ceramic (6). The cleaning channels (71) are distributed in a ring shape around the central axis of the metal ring (7).

8. A laser cutting tooling according to claim 7, characterized in that, The gas storage box (9) is made of a high thermal conductivity copper-nickel alloy. The retaining ring (92) is attached to the inner wall of the metal ring (7). The retaining ring (92) completely blocks the cleaning channel (71) when the second spring (95) is in its initial state. When the second spring (95) is in a stretched state, the retaining ring (92) no longer blocks the cleaning channel (71).

9. A laser cutting tooling according to claim 7, characterized in that, A trigger switch (96) is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the gas storage box (9) away from the gas storage area (90). The trigger switch (96) is electrically connected to the electromagnetic ring (313).

10. A laser cutting tooling according to claim 7, characterized in that, A connecting plate (93) is fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the retaining ring (92). A side baffle (94) is fixedly connected to the side wall of the connecting plate (93) facing the electromagnetic ring (313). A plurality of connecting pipes (931) are connected through the bottom of the connecting plate (93). The connecting pipes (931) are distributed in a matching manner with the side channel (51). The lower ends of the connecting pipes (931) are inserted into the side channel (51).

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