Low-temperature-resistant 5183 aluminum alloy welding wire and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of welding materials, in particular to a low-temperature-resistant 5183 aluminum alloy welding wire and a preparation method thereof. The low-temperature-resistant 5183 aluminum alloy welding wire is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: 0.08 to 0.14 percent of Si, 0.23 to 0.32 percent of Fe, 0.08 to 0.12 percent of Cu, 1.1 to 1.5 percent of Mn, 5.28 to 5.84 percent of Mg, 0.11 to 0.15 percent of Cr, 0.01 percent of Zn, 0.03 to 0.04 percent of Ti, 0.0007 to 0.0009 percent of Be, 0.35 to 0.41 percent of Sc, 0.1 to 0.13 percent of Zr, 0.6 to 0.8 percent of Li and the balance of Al. The proportion of Al to Mg in the aluminum alloy welding wire is precisely regulated and controlled, multi-element microalloying design is adopted, the impact toughness of the welding wire in the ultralow-temperature environment of-196 DEG C is improved, and the strict requirements of low-temperature application scenes are met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of welding materials, and particularly to a low-temperature resistant 5183 aluminum alloy welding wire and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, the liquefied natural gas (LNG) trade has experienced rapid growth, and its global trade volume has significantly jumped from 120 million tons in 2003 to approximately 400 million tons (equivalent to nearly 560 billion cubic meters) in 2023. To effectively respond to and support this unprecedented production capacity expansion, the LNG carrier industry is about to enter a large-scale delivery peak period.

[0003] Currently, 9Ni steel is mainly used for manufacturing LNG storage tanks, but it has high costs, a long manufacturing cycle, and great welding difficulty. Aluminum alloys have the advantages of being lightweight, high-strength, corrosion-resistant, high welding efficiency, and environmentally friendly. There is an urgent need to use 5-series aluminum alloys to manufacture natural gas storage tanks. Currently, there are successful experiences in manufacturing aluminum alloy LNG storage tanks abroad, and some domestic shipyards have also begun to try to manufacture aluminum alloy storage tanks. Aluminum plates suitable for working in extremely low-temperature environments have been developed, but the welding materials matching them are currently relatively scarce. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the technical problem of "designing an aluminum alloy matching welding wire that meets the extremely low temperature environment of -196°C", a welding wire with good low-temperature impact is obtained by regulating the ratio of the main alloying components Al and Mg in 5183. By adding the rare earth element Sc, a uniform coherent precipitate phase Al3Sc is formed. Its lattice constant is similar to that of aluminum and is very stable, playing a role in refining the grains, thereby improving the plastic deformation ability of the material; Sc improves the strength of the alloy through solid solution strengthening and second-phase strengthening while also enhancing the toughness of the material; the addition of Sc increases the recrystallization temperature of the alloy, meaning that the alloy can only recrystallize at a higher temperature, which enables the material to better maintain a fine grain structure during hot processing. By adding trace elements such as Mn and Zr, the alloy grains are refined. Mn reduces the solubility of Fe in magnesium and precipitates it in the form of Mn-Fe compounds, improving the corrosion resistance of the alloy; the addition of Zr forms the Al3Zr dispersion phase, which can effectively inhibit the recrystallization of the alloy during deformation and solution processes, thereby increasing the yield strength and crack resistance of the alloy. In addition, Zr can also form a dispersion phase Al3(Sc,Zr) in combination with Sc, improving the hot plasticity of the alloy, and further enhancing the stability of the alloy during hot processing.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a low-temperature resistant 5183 aluminum alloy welding wire and a preparation method thereof.

[0006] The low-temperature resistant 5183 aluminum alloy welding wire is composed of the following components by mass percentage: 0.08 - 0.14% Si, 0.23 - 0.32% Fe, 0.08 - 0.12% Cu, 1.1 - 1.5% Mn, 5.28 - 5.84% Mg, 0.11 - 0.15% Cr, 0.01% Zn, 0.03 - 0.04% Ti, 0.0007 - 0.0009% Be, 0.35 - 0.41% Sc, 0.1 - 0.13% Zr, 0.6 - 0.8% Li, and the balance is Al.

[0007] Furthermore, the mass ratio of Al to Mg is 15.5 - 17.3:1.

[0008] Furthermore, the preparation method of the low-temperature resistant 5183 aluminum alloy welding wire includes the following steps:

[0009] (1) Smelting the aluminum liquid into a melt; (2) Continuous casting: During the casting process of continuous casting, an alloy containing Zr element (Al-Zr alloy wire) is added to the melt in the launder; (3) Continuous rolling; (4) Finish rolling; (5) Cold working to obtain the welding wire.

[0010] Furthermore, in step (1), alloys or materials without Zr element are added during the aluminum liquid smelting process, including Al-Sc master alloy, Al-Mn master alloy, Al-Mg master alloy, pure lithium, and sodium silicate.

[0011] Furthermore, the continuous rolling is as follows: High-frequency heating (temperature: 380 - 440 °C) is started before the casting body reaches the rolling die, and the casting body is rolled into a round rod through 5 - 7 passes, and then recrystallization annealing treatment is carried out (temperature: 350 - 420 °C, heating-up time: 3 - 5 h, holding time: 4 - 6 h).

[0012] Furthermore, the finish rolling is to roll the continuous casting and continuous rolling wire rod for 3 - 5 passes.

[0013] Furthermore, the cold working includes scraping, drawing, and polishing.

[0014] Furthermore, high-frequency ultrasonic waves are used in the drawing process, and the ultrasonic frequency is 15 kHz - 32 kHz.

[0015] The technical means adopted in the present invention include: Through a large number of experimental verifications and comparisons, it is obtained that when the ratio of aluminum to magnesium is controlled at 15.5 - 17.3:1, a welding wire with better low-temperature impact toughness can be obtained; Adding a trace amount of rare earth element Sc can form a coherent precipitation phase Al3Sc with Al. Its lattice constant is similar to that of aluminum, which can refine the grains and improve the plastic deformation ability of the material; Sc can improve the plastic toughness of the alloy through solid solution strengthening and second-phase strengthening; the addition of Sc can increase the recrystallization temperature of the alloy and improve the hot plasticity of the alloy; Adding a trace amount of Li element can form δ'-Al3Li, which together with the Mg2Si phase realizes duplex strengthening. It can improve the plastic deformation ability of the alloy, but it should be noted that it reduces the corrosion resistance of the alloy to a certain extent; Adding more Mn reduces the solubility of Fe in magnesium and makes it precipitate in the form of Mn-Fe, improving the corrosion resistance; Adding a trace amount of Zr element, the formation of Al3Zr dispersion phase can effectively inhibit the recrystallization process during the deformation and solution process of the alloy, improve the crack resistance of the alloy, and also form the Al3(Sc,Zr) composite phase to improve the hot plasticity of the alloy, enabling the grains to remain uniformly fine during the hot working process; During the wire drawing process of the welding wire, the ultrasonic-assisted wire drawing technology is used. High-frequency ultrasonic vibration is applied to the wire drawing die, so that there will be an instantaneous separation effect when the metal wire contacts the die. The rough parts on the surface of the wire will be softened, and the lubricating fluid can more easily enter the deformation zone, reducing the friction coefficient, greatly reducing the drawing force and improving the processing accuracy. At the same time, the ultrasonic vibration refines the grain structure of the welding wire and improves the low-temperature impact toughness; After the wire drawing of the welding wire, ultrasonic alkali cleaning is carried out to remove the residual lubricating oil on the surface of the previous process, effectively improving the surface quality of the welding wire, making it smoother, and ensuring that the porosity sensitivity will not be increased due to the residual dirt on the surface during the welding process.

[0016] The technical effects produced by this patent are: (1) By precisely regulating the mass ratio of Al to Mg in the aluminum alloy welding wire (15.5 - 17.3:1), the plastic toughness is significantly improved while ensuring the strength of the alloy. Through experimental verification, this ratio optimization enables the deposited metal to still possess excellent impact toughness in the ultra-low temperature environment of -196°C, meeting the stringent requirements of low-temperature application scenarios.

[0017] (2) Through the multi-element microalloying design (Sc, Li, Mn, Zr), a high-density solid solution and dispersed strengthening phases are formed in the matrix, realizing the coordinated optimization of strength, plastic toughness and corrosion resistance. This welding wire has low sensitivity to hot cracks during the welding process, and the grains in the heat-affected zone are fine and uniform. It is especially suitable for high-precision welding in low-temperature environments (such as aerospace low-temperature containers, cryogenic pipelines), and the preparation process is compatible with traditional aluminum-magnesium alloys, having good industrial application prospects. Specific embodiments

[0018] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiments.

[0019] Example 1

[0020] (1)Before melting, use pure aluminum (99.99%) to wash the furnace to eliminate the interference of impurity elements on the alloy composition; (2)Put the aluminum ingots in, raise the temperature to 700 - 800 °C, after it is completely melted, keep it warm for 10 min and then conduct electromagnetic stirring, heat the temperature to 900 - 1000 °C and put in the Al-Sc 25% master alloy, stir thoroughly, lower the temperature to 750 - 850 °C and add the Al-Mn master alloy, stir thoroughly, introduce argon gas and lower the temperature to 650 - 750 °C and gradually add pure lithium, stir thoroughly, lower the temperature to 650 - 680 °C and add the Al-Mg master alloy, and conduct electromagnetic stirring; (3)Keep the temperature at 650 - 680 °C, use a spraying machine to blow sodium silicate into the melt with pure argon for refining, after standing for 15 - 25 min, skim the slag; (4)Introduce 99.999% argon gas for degassing; (5)After sampling and testing the composition of the melt in the furnace to be qualified, filter and cast; (6)Continuous casting: Control the tundish temperature at 650 - 700 °C, add Al-19.75Zr wire to the tundish melt during the casting process, turn on three-way water cooling after the melt reaches the cooling steel belt, and the water flow rates are 20 L / min, 17 L / min, and 12 L / min in sequence. After casting, it becomes a trapezoidal rod. The mass percentages of the composition of the trapezoidal rod are as follows: 0.08% Si, 0.23% Fe, 0.12% Cu, 1.4% Mn, 5.7% Mg, 0.15% Cr, 0.01% Zn, 0.03% Ti, 0.0008% Be, 0.35% Sc, 0.10% Zr, 0.6% Li, and the balance is Al. The mass ratio of aluminum to magnesium is 16.00:1. Among them, the elements not mentioned are introduced by the added master alloys (Al-Sc, Al-Mn, Al-Mg), etc.; (7)Continuous rolling: High-frequency heating at 380 - 440 °C, rely on emulsion cooling, after 5 passes of rough rolling, it becomes a 5.0 mm wire rod, and conduct recrystallization annealing treatment at 420 °C, raise the temperature for 4 h and keep it warm for 6 h. Among them, the emulsion is prepared by mixing 1 part by mass of emulsion oil and 12 parts by mass of deionized water. The emulsion oil is composed of the following elements by mass percentage: 65% paraffin-based base oil, 3% polyethylene glycol, 2% oleic acid, 5% triethanolamine, 3% ethanol, 12% OP-10 emulsifier, 3% XP250 polyester, 7% RianPont8402; (8)Finish rolling: After 4 passes of rolling, it becomes a 2.1 mm wire rod, and the speed is 20 - 30 m / s; (9)Cold working: Rough scraping for 2 passes, fine scraping for 2 passes. The ultrasonic wire drawing device applies high-frequency ultrasonic waves (controlled at 15 kHz to 32 kHz) to the wire drawing die, and drawing is carried out for 3 passes. After drawing, the pH value of ultrasonic alkaline washing is controlled at 8 - 10 and the temperature is controlled at 60 - 80 °C. After alkaline washing, it is washed with hot water at 70 - 90 °C, then wiped with a yarn belt, dried with hot air at 170 - 200 °C, and finally polished and oiled to obtain 5183 aluminum alloy welding wire.

[0021] After welding the welding wire obtained in Example 1 (the butt joint of the test plate is welded, and the welding process parameters are shown in Table 1 below, the base material is 5083, 200×130×20 mm), the low-temperature impact strength is tested in accordance with GB / T 229 - 2020, and the test results are shown in Table 2.

[0022] Table 1 Welding process parameters 。

[0023] Example 2,

[0024] The difference between Example 2 and Example 1 is that the mass percentages of the components of the trapezoidal rod in step (6) are as follows: 0.10% Si, 0.28% Fe, 0.10% Cu, 1.1% Mn, 5.5% Mg, 0.12% Cr, 0.01% Zn, 0.03% Ti, 0.0009% Be, 0.39% Sc, 0.12% Zr, 0.8% Li, and the balance is Al, and the mass ratio of aluminum to magnesium is 16.63:1.

[0025] After welding the welding wire obtained in Example 2 (the method is the same as that in Example 1), the low-temperature impact strength is tested in accordance with GB / T 229 - 2020 (specimen size: 55 mm×10 mm×10 mm, test temperature: -196 °C), and the test results are shown in Table 2.

[0026] Example 3,

[0027] The difference between Example 3 and Example 1 is that the mass percentages of the components of the trapezoidal rod in step (6) are as follows: 0.14% Si, 0.25% Fe, 0.10% Cu, 1.3% Mn, 5.84% Mg, 0.11% Cr, 0.01% Zn, 0.04% Ti, 0.0007% Be, 0.41% Sc, 0.13% Zr, 0.7% Li, and the balance is Al, and the mass ratio of aluminum to magnesium is 15.57:1.

[0028] After welding the welding wire obtained in Example 3 (the method is the same as that in Example 1), the low-temperature impact strength is tested in accordance with GB / T 229 - 2020 (specimen size: 55 mm×10 mm×10 mm, test temperature: -196 °C), and the test results are shown in Table 2.

[0029] Example 4

[0030] Example 4 is different from Example 1 in that the mass percentages of the components of the trapezoidal rod in step (6) are as follows: 0.10% Si, 0.32% Fe, 0.08% Cu, 1.5% Mn, 5.28% Mg, 0.12% Cr, 0.01% Zn, 0.03% Ti, 0.0008% Be, 0.38% Sc, 0.11% Zr, 0.8% Li, with the balance being Al, and the aluminum-magnesium mass ratio is 17.28:1.

[0031] After welding the welding wire obtained in Example 4 (the method is the same as that in Example 1), the low-temperature impact strength was tested in accordance with GB / T 229-2020 (specimen size: 55 mm × 10 mm × 10 mm, test temperature: -196 °C), and the test results are shown in Table 2.

[0032] Comparative Example 1

[0033] Comparative Example 1 is different from Example 1 in that the mass percentages of the components of the trapezoidal rod in step (6) are as follows: 0.08% Si, 0.24% Fe, 0.10% Cu, 1.4% Mn, 5.9% Mg, 0.15% Cr, 0.01% Zn, 0.03% Ti, 0.0008% Be, 0.37% Sc, 0.12% Zr, 0.6% Li, with the balance being Al, and the aluminum-magnesium mass ratio is 15.42:1.

[0034] After welding the welding wire obtained in Comparative Example 1 (the method is the same as that in Example 1), the low-temperature impact strength was tested in accordance with GB / T 229-2020 (specimen size: 55 mm × 10 mm × 10 mm, test temperature: -196 °C), and the test results are shown in Table 2.

[0035] Comparative Example 2

[0036] Comparative Example 2 is different from Example 1 in that the mass percentages of the components of the trapezoidal rod in step (6) are as follows: 0.08% Si, 0.23% Fe, 0.10% Cu, 1.2% Mn, 4.8% Mg, 0.14% Cr, 0.01% Zn, 0.03% Ti, 0.0008% Be, 0.32% Sc, 0.10% Zr, 0.5% Li, with the balance being Al, and the aluminum-magnesium mass ratio is 19.26:1.

[0037] After welding the welding wire prepared in Comparative Example 2 (the method is the same as that in Example 1), the low-temperature impact strength was tested in accordance with GB / T 229-2020 (specimen size: 55 mm × 10 mm × 10 mm, test temperature: -196 °C), and the test results are shown in Table 2.

[0038] Comparative Example 3

[0039] The difference between Comparative Example 3 and Example 1 is that the mass percentages of the components of the trapezoidal rod in step (6) are as follows: 0.09% Si, 0.25% Fe, 0.09% Cu, 1.3% Mn, 5.5% Mg, 0.15% Cr, 0.01% Zn, 0.03% Ti, 0.0008% Be, 0.35% Sc, 0.12% Zr, 0.002% Li, and the balance is Al, and its Li content is less than 0.1%.

[0040] After welding the welding wire prepared in Comparative Example 3 (the method is the same as that in Example 1), the low-temperature impact strength was tested in accordance with GB / T 229-2020 (specimen size: 55 mm × 10 mm × 10 mm, test temperature: -196 °C), and the test results are shown in Table 2 below.

[0041] Comparative Example 4

[0042] The difference between Comparative Example 4 and Example 1 is that the mass percentages of the components of the trapezoidal rod in step (6) are as follows: 0.08% Si, 0.24% Fe, 0.09% Cu, 1.2% Mn, 5.2% Mg, 0.15% Cr, 0.01% Zn, 0.03% Ti, 0.0008% Be, 0.40% Sc, 0.11% Zr, 1.5% Li, and the balance is Al, and its Li content is higher than 1.0%.

[0043] After welding the welding wire prepared in Comparative Example 4 (the method is the same as that in Example 1), the low-temperature impact strength was tested in accordance with GB / T 229-2020 (specimen size: 55 mm × 10 mm × 10 mm, test temperature: -196 °C), and the test results are shown in Table 2 below.

[0044] Comparative Example 5

[0045] The difference between Comparative Example 5 and Example 1 is that the mass percentages of the components of the trapezoidal rod in step (6) are as follows: 0.08% Si, 0.23% Fe, 0.12% Cu, 1.5% Mn, 5.2% Mg, 0.17% Cr, 0.01% Zn, 0.03% Ti, 0.0008% Be, 0.08% Zr, 0.5% Li, and the balance is Al, and Sc is not added to the alloy.

[0046] After welding the welding wire prepared in Comparative Example 5 (the method is the same as that in Example 1), the low-temperature impact strength was tested in accordance with GB / T 229-2020 (specimen size: 55 mm × 10 mm × 10 mm, test temperature: -196 °C), and the test results are shown in Table 2 below.

[0047] Comparative Example 6

[0048] The difference between Comparative Example 6 and Example 1 is that the mass percentages of the components of the trapezoidal rod described in step (6) are as follows: 0.08% Si, 0.24% Fe, 0.10% Cu, 0.74% Mn, 5.6% Mg, 0.15% Cr, 0.01% Zn, 0.04% Ti, 0.0008% Be, 0.38% Sc, 0.12% Zr, 0.6% Li, and the balance is Al.

[0049] After welding the welding wire prepared in Comparative Example 6 (the method is the same as that in Example 1), the low-temperature impact strength was tested 10 times in accordance with GB / T 229-2020 (specimen size: 55 mm × 10 mm × 10 mm, test temperature: -196 °C), and the test results are shown in Table 2 below.

[0050] Table 2 Test results of low-temperature impact resistance of Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-6

[0051] Among them, the difference between the preparation method of the unoptimized welding wire and that of Example 1 is as follows: (1) The welding wire composition is as follows: 0.06% Si, 0.20% Fe, 0.03% Cu, 0.62% Mn, 4.6% Mg, 0.12% Cr, 0.01% Zn, 0.03% Ti, 0.0009% Be, and the balance is Al.

[0052] (2) Ultrasonic vibration-assisted wire drawing was not applied during the processing.

[0053] Table 2 shows the low-temperature impact resistance of the deposited metals of the welding wires in the examples and comparative examples. Comparing Example 1, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 2, it can be seen that when the ratio of aluminum to magnesium is lower than 15.5 or higher than 17.2, the low-temperature impact toughness is poor, the ideal strength is not achieved, and the application scenario requirements cannot be met. Comparing Examples 1-4 and Examples 3-6, it can be seen that only a suitable composition design and its reasonable composition ratio can effectively improve the low-temperature impact resistance of the material.

[0054] Table 3 shows the corrosion resistance of the deposited metals of the welding wires in Examples 1-2 and Comparative Example 6, and the test standard is GB / T40299-2021.

[0055] Table 3 Test results of the corrosion resistance of the deposited metal of the welding wires in Examples 1-2 and Comparative Example 6

[0056] It can be seen from Table 3 that increasing the content of Mn in the alloy can improve the reduction in the corrosion resistance of the alloy caused by the addition of Li.

[0057] In summary, through precise regulation of the ratio of Al to Mg (15.5-17.3:1) and multi-element microalloying design (Sc, Li, Mn, Zr) in the aluminum alloy welding wire, the present invention achieves the purpose that the welding wire has excellent impact toughness in the ultra-low temperature environment of -196°C.

[0058] Inspired by the ideal embodiments of the present invention described above, through the above description, relevant staff can completely make various changes and modifications without departing from the technical idea of this invention. The technical scope of this invention is not limited to the content in the specification, and its technical scope must be determined according to the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A low-temperature resistant 5183 aluminum alloy welding wire, characterized in that, The invention is composed of the following components in mass percentage: 0.08-0.14% Si, 0.23-0.32% Fe, 0.08-0.12% Cu, 1.1-1.5% Mn, 5.28-5.84% Mg, 0.11-0.15% Cr, 0.01% Zn, 0.03-0.04% Ti, 0.0007-0.0009% Be, 0.35-0.41% Sc, 0.1-0.13% Zr, 0.6-0.8% Li, and the balance is Al. The mass ratio of Al to Mg is 15.5-17.3:

1.

2. A preparation method of a low-temperature resistant 5183 aluminum alloy welding wire according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steps include: (1) Aluminum liquid is smelted into a melt, and an alloy or material that does not contain the Zr element is added during the smelting process; the alloy or material that does not contain the Zr element includes Al-Sc master alloy, Al-Mn master alloy, Al-Mg master alloy, pure lithium and sodium silicate; (2) Continuous casting to form a casting body, during which Al-Zr alloy is added; (3) Continuous rolling: the casting is heated to 380-440°C before reaching the rolling die, rolled into a round rod, and then subjected to crystallization annealing to make a continuous rolled wire rod; (4) Finish rolling, which involves rolling the continuous rolled wire rod for 3 to 5 passes; (5) The wire rod after finish rolling is cold processed to obtain welding wire; the cold processing includes scraping, drawing, and polishing; high-frequency ultrasound is used in the drawing process.

3. The preparation method of the low-temperature resistant 5183 aluminum alloy welding wire according to claim 2, characterized in that, The specific steps of smelting in step (1) are as follows: adding aluminum ingots, raising the temperature to 700-800°C, holding the ingots for 10 minutes after they are completely melted, and then performing electromagnetic stirring, heating the ingots to 900-1000°C, adding Al-Sc intermediate alloy, stirring them thoroughly, lowering the temperature to 750-850°C, adding Al-Mn intermediate alloy, stirring them thoroughly, introducing argon gas, lowering the temperature to 650-750°C, gradually adding pure lithium, stirring them thoroughly, lowering the temperature to 650-680°C, adding Al-Mg intermediate alloy, and performing electromagnetic stirring; maintaining the temperature at 650-680°C, using a jet to blow pure argon gas into the melt for refining, letting it stand for 15-25 minutes, and then skimming the slag; introducing argon gas for degassing; After the melt in the furnace is sampled and tested for composition and found to be qualified, it is filtered.

4. The preparation method of the low-temperature resistant 5183 aluminum alloy welding wire according to claim 2, characterized in that, The temperature of the continuous casting trough in step (2) is controlled at 650-700°C, and Al-Zr alloy is added to the melt during the continuous casting process. After the melt reaches the cooling steel belt, three-way water cooling is turned on, and the water flow rates are 20L / min, 17L / min, and 12L / min respectively. After casting, it becomes a trapezoidal rod.

5. The preparation method of the low-temperature resistant 5183 aluminum alloy welding wire according to claim 2, characterized in that, The continuous rolling speed in step (3) is 20-30 m / s.

6. The preparation method of the low-temperature resistant 5183 aluminum alloy welding wire according to claim 2, characterized in that, The finishing rolling speed in step (4) is 20-30 m / s.

7. The preparation method of the low-temperature resistant 5183 aluminum alloy welding wire according to claim 2, characterized in that, The high-frequency ultrasonic frequency in step (5) is 15kHz~32kHz.

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