High-toughness impact-resistant optical lens and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of high-toughness impact-resistant optical lenses, in particular to a high-toughness impact-resistant optical lens and a preparation method thereof. A high-toughness impact-resistant optical lens comprises a lens base body, a bottom surface layer and a toughness impact-resistant layer, the bottom surface layer and the toughness impact-resistant layer sequentially cover the surface of the lens base body from inside to outside, and the toughness impact-resistant layer is a ZrO2-TiC nanocrystalline composite layer. The toughness and the impact resistance of the optical lens are improved through the anti-impact layer of a multi-layer structure, zrO2 has excellent phase change toughening characteristics, and can absorb impact energy and inhibit crack propagation; the high hardness and chemical stability of TiC further enhance the impact resistance of the composite layer. Through the nanocrystalline composite design, the number of grain boundaries in the material is greatly increased, and crack propagation needs to bypass more grain boundaries, so that the fracture toughness is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of high-toughness impact-resistant optical lenses, and in particular to a high-toughness impact-resistant optical lens and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Traditional optical lenses mainly use resin or glass as the base material, among which resin lenses occupy the mainstream market due to their advantages such as light weight and easy processing. However, the inherent mechanical property defects of resin materials lead to their poor impact resistance. When subjected to external force, they are prone to cracks or even breakage, seriously affecting their service life and safety of use. In the existing technology, toughness is usually improved by adding inorganic nanoparticles or organic toughening agents, but such methods have obvious limitations: the interfacial bonding between inorganic particles and the resin matrix is weak, which can easily lead to stress concentration; organic toughening agents may reduce light transmittance and cause yellowing. In addition, although glass lenses have high hardness, they are brittle and heavy, making it difficult to meet the dual requirements of lightweight and impact resistance in scenarios such as sports goggles and AR equipment.

[0003] Currently, the industry mainly uses nanocomposite modification and multi-layer coating technology to improve the toughness of lenses. Typical methods include: Sol-gel method: Nanoparticles such as zirconium oxide are dispersed in a resin precursor, which is then gelled and dried to form a reinforcement layer. However, the difference in thermal expansion coefficient between the high-temperature calcination step and the resin substrate can easily cause the film to crack. Magnetron sputtering coating: Deposit ceramic layers such as ZrO2-TiC on the lens surface, using their high hardness to improve impact resistance. However, the compatibility between the metal bonding interface and the organic matrix is poor, and the interlayer bonding strength is insufficient. ③ Chemical vapor deposition: While growing a diamond-like carbon film on the lens surface can improve surface hardness, it is also brittle and the process is expensive. Furthermore, some technologies employ multilayer designs, such as combining a bottom toughening layer with a surface wear-resistant layer. However, differences in the thermodynamic properties of the various layers can easily lead to interfacial delamination.

[0004] Regarding the above-mentioned related technologies, the inventors found that the toughened and impact-resistant modified nanoparticles used in the existing high-toughness impact-resistant lens technology are unevenly dispersed and have weak interface bonding, and the inorganic-organic interface lacks chemical bonding, which can easily cause interface debonding under external force impact; at the same time, the existing multi-layer structure is often prepared in steps using independent processes, and the thermal expansion coefficient and modulus between layers do not match, which can easily lead to delamination failure after long-term use. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to improve the defects of the existing technical solutions, the present application provides a high-toughness impact-resistant optical lens and a preparation method thereof.

[0006] A high-toughness impact-resistant optical lens, comprising a lens substrate and a bottom layer and a tough impact-resistant layer sequentially coated on the surface of the lens substrate from the inside out, wherein the tough impact-resistant layer is a ZrO2-TiC nanocrystalline composite layer.

[0007] Through the above technical solution, this application improves the toughness and impact resistance of optical lenses through a multi-layered impact-resistant layer. ZrO2 exhibits excellent phase-transformation toughening properties, transforming from a tetragonal phase to a monoclinic phase under stress, absorbing impact energy and inhibiting crack propagation. The high hardness and chemical stability of TiC further enhance the impact resistance of the composite layer. The nanocrystalline composite design significantly increases the number of grain boundaries within the material, requiring crack propagation to circumvent more grain boundaries, thereby improving fracture toughness.

[0008] Furthermore, the tough impact-proof layer is formed by drying and solidifying a tough impact-proof coating liquid, and the impact-proof coating liquid includes the following substances in parts by weight: 60-80 parts of polyurethane particles; 10-15 parts of ZrO2-TiC nanocrystalline composite particles; 3-8 parts of silane coupling agent; 150-200 parts of DMF solvent.

[0009] Through the above technical solution, the present application realizes functional composite through the synergistic effect of polyurethane particles, ZrO2-TiC nanoparticles, silane coupling agent and DMF solvent. Polyurethane acts as a flexible matrix, dissipating impact energy through the entropy elasticity of the molecular chain; ZrO2-TiC nanoparticles act as a rigid reinforcing phase, improving strength through crack deflection and phase change toughening mechanism; silane coupling agent modifies the surface of nanoparticles to form -Si-OC- covalent bonds to enhance interfacial bonding; DMF solvent ensures uniform dispersion of the slurry. By optimizing the above formula and combining flexible polyurethane with rigid nanoparticles, a protective layer that is both tough and elastic is formed. The coating is tightly adhered to the surface of the lens, effectively alleviating impact while remaining light, thin and transparent, adapting to long-term use requirements in complex environments.

[0010] Furthermore, the ZrO2-TiC nanocrystalline composite particles are prepared using the following technical solutions: Zirconia particles and titanium powder are mixed and graphite particles are added, and the mixture is ball-milled under an argon atmosphere to obtain ball-milled powder; The ZrO2-TiC nanocrystalline composite particles can be prepared by taking ball-milled powder, subjecting it to a heating and pressure treatment, and then sintering it at a heat preservation temperature.

[0011] Through the above technical solution, this application adopts a two-step ball milling-sintering method to prepare nanocomposite particles. First, zirconium oxide particles are mixed with titanium powder and graphite in proportion, and mechanical alloying is achieved by high-energy ball milling under argon protection to form a nano-scale composite powder. Subsequently, sintering is carried out to generate a TiC phase through a carbothermal reduction reaction, and a eutectic structure is formed with ZrO2. Through mechanical alloying and high-temperature sintering processes, uniformly distributed nanocomposite particles are obtained. These particles combine the toughness advantages of zirconium oxide with the high strength characteristics of titanium carbide, significantly improving the material's resistance to deformation and wear.

[0012] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the zirconium oxide particles to the titanium powder particles is 3:(1.5-2.3).

[0013] This application adjusts the ratio of ZrO2 to Ti to prevent the problem of insufficient carbothermal reduction during titanium powder mixing, resulting in residual unreacted TiO2 that reduces the material's hardness. It also effectively addresses the problem of excessive titanium powder leading to the formation of coarse TiC grains during sintering, which weakens toughness. By precisely controlling the raw material ratio to ensure the appropriate titanium carbide content, the ideal balance between hardness and toughness is achieved, avoiding both the increased brittleness caused by excess and the loss of strength caused by insufficient amounts.

[0014] Furthermore, the high-toughness impact-resistant optical lens further includes an anti-bending layer, which is provided on the outer surface of the tough impact-resistant layer. The anti-bending layer is made using the following technical solution: The boron nitride nanosheets are immersed in a silane coupling agent ethanol solution, washed and dried after the immersion treatment, and the modified boron nitride nanosheets are collected; Modified boron nitride nanosheets, polyurethane, nanocellulose and photoinitiator are stirred and mixed and sprayed onto the outer surface of the tough impact-proof layer. After light curing, vacuum annealing is performed to prepare the anti-bending layer.

[0015] Through the above technical solution, this application further designs an anti-bending layer on the outer surface of the tough impact-resistant layer. After the boron nitride nanosheets are surface-modified with a silane coupling agent, the epoxy groups react with the -NCO groups of the polyurethane to form covalent bonds. At the same time, the boron nitride nanosheets are arranged in parallel to form a layered structure, which dissipates impact energy through slip and crack deflection mechanisms. Nanocellulose strengthens interfacial bonding through a hydrogen bond network, inhibiting crack propagation and improving fracture toughness. A photoinitiator triggers UV curing to form a cross-linked network. Thus, the elastic modulus gradient between the anti-bending layer and the underlying tough impact-resistant layer achieves step-by-step absorption and dispersion of impact energy.

[0016] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the modified boron nitride nanosheets, polyurethane, nanocellulose and photoinitiator is (7.1-9.2): (0.3-0.8): (0.2-0.5): (0.1-0.3).

[0017] Through the above technical solution, this application achieves functional synergy through ratio optimization. Excessive boron nitride nanosheets tend to agglomerate, reducing transmittance; too little nanocellulose results in insufficient interfacial bonding. At this ratio, the boron nitride nanosheets form a continuous three-dimensional network, while the nanocellulose fills the interfacial micropores, strengthening the bond between the reinforcement phase and the matrix, forming a stable three-dimensional support network, further improving the bending resistance while maintaining the lens's thinness and light transmittance.

[0018] Furthermore, the high-toughness impact-resistant optical lens also includes a surface anti-fouling layer, which is provided on the surface of the anti-bending layer and is prepared by spin coating a surface anti-fouling liquid into a film and then performing a low-temperature fluorination treatment. The surface anti-fouling liquid includes the following substances in parts by weight: 60-70 parts of ethyl orthosilicate; 15-20 parts of methyltriethoxysilane; 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane 10-20 parts; 200-300 parts of ethanol.

[0019] Through the above technical solution, this application uses a sol-gel method to prepare a fluorosilane-modified coating, which gives lenses strong hydrophobic and anti-fouling properties. Surface stains are difficult to adhere to, making daily cleaning more convenient. The coating also firmly bonds to the underlying material and is not prone to peeling after long-term use.

[0020] Furthermore, the surface antifouling layer is made by the following technical solution: Take the surface anti-fouling liquid and spin-coat it on the surface of the anti-bending layer. Adjust the spin-coating speed and thickness. After pre-curing each layer to remove the solvent, place the lens in a sealed container, inject fluorosilane coupling agent vapor, and keep it at 75-85℃ under nitrogen protection for 30 minutes to prepare the surface anti-fouling layer.

[0021] Through the above technical solution, this application uses low-temperature steam fluorination technology to form a stable fluorocarbon protective layer on the lens surface. This process avoids high temperature damage to the lens substrate while ensuring long-lasting and stable anti-fouling performance, taking into account both environmental protection and production efficiency.

[0022] In summary, this application has the following beneficial effects: First, this application achieves functional composites through the synergistic effect of polyurethane particles, ZrO2-TiC nanoparticles, silane coupling agents, and DMF solvents. Polyurethane acts as a flexible matrix, dissipating impact energy through the entropy elasticity of the molecular chain; ZrO2-TiC nanoparticles act as a rigid reinforcing phase, improving strength through crack deflection and phase change toughening mechanisms; silane coupling agents modify the surface of nanoparticles to form -Si-OC- covalent bonds to enhance interfacial bonding; DMF solvent ensures uniform dispersion of the slurry. By optimizing the above formula and combining flexible polyurethane with rigid nanoparticles, a protective layer that is both tough and elastic is formed. The coating is tightly adhered to the surface of the lens, effectively alleviating impact while remaining thin and transparent, adapting to long-term use requirements in complex environments.

[0023] Second, this application further designs an anti-bending layer on the outer surface of the tough impact-resistant layer. Boron nitride nanosheets, surface-modified with a silane coupling agent, react with epoxy groups on the polyurethane's -NCO groups to form covalent bonds. Simultaneously, the boron nitride nanosheets are arranged in parallel, forming a layered structure that dissipates impact energy through slip and crack deflection mechanisms. Nanocellulose enhances interfacial bonding through a hydrogen bond network, inhibiting crack propagation and improving fracture toughness. A photoinitiator triggers UV curing to form a cross-linked network. This achieves a gradual absorption and dispersion of impact energy through the elastic modulus gradient between the anti-bending layer and the underlying tough impact-resistant layer.

[0024] Third, this application utilizes a sol-gel method to prepare a fluorosilane-modified coating, which imparts strong hydrophobicity and antifouling properties to lenses. This coating resists surface stains, making daily cleaning more convenient. The coating also bonds securely to the underlying material, resisting peeling with long-term use. Furthermore, low-temperature steam fluorination technology forms a stable fluorocarbon protective layer on the lens surface. This process avoids high-temperature damage to the lens substrate while ensuring long-lasting and stable antifouling properties, balancing environmental protection with production efficiency. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The present application is further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments.

[0026] Preparation Example 1 ZrO 2- TiC nanocrystalline composite particles According to the mass ratio of zirconium oxide particles to titanium powder particles of 3:1.5, zirconium oxide particles and titanium powder are stirred and mixed, and graphite particles are added according to the mass ratio of Ti:C=1:1, and ball milling is carried out under an argon atmosphere to collect the ball-milled powder; the ball-milled powder is taken and heated and pressurized to 1500°C and a pressure of 50 MPa, and then sintered for 10 minutes to prepare the ZrO2-TiC nanocrystalline composite particles 1.

[0027] Preparation Example 2 ZrO 2- TiC nanocrystalline composite particles According to the mass ratio of zirconium oxide particles to titanium powder particles of 3:1.9, zirconium oxide particles and titanium powder are stirred and mixed, and graphite particles are added according to the mass ratio of Ti:C=1:1, and ball milling is carried out under an argon atmosphere to collect the ball milled powder; the ball milled powder is taken and heated and pressurized to 1500°C and a pressure of 50 MPa, and then sintered for 10 minutes to prepare the ZrO2-TiC nanocrystalline composite particles 2.

[0028] Preparation Example 3 ZrO 2- TiC nanocrystalline composite particles According to the mass ratio of zirconium oxide particles to titanium powder particles of 3:2.3, zirconium oxide particles and titanium powder are stirred and mixed, and graphite particles are added according to the mass ratio of Ti:C=1:1, and ball milling is carried out under an argon atmosphere to collect the ball-milled powder; the ball-milled powder is taken and heated and pressurized to 1500°C and a pressure of 50 MPa, and then sintered for 10 minutes to prepare the ZrO2-TiC nanocrystalline composite particles 3.

[0029] Preparation Example 4 Anti-shock coating liquid 1 60 kg of polyurethane particles (BASF LP 9277, Germany), 10 kg of ZrO2-TiC nanocrystalline composite particles 1, 3 kg of silane coupling agent KH-550, and 150 kg of DMF solvent were stirred and mixed to prepare an impact-resistant coating liquid 1.

[0030] Preparation Example 5 Impact-resistant coating liquid 2 70 kg of polyurethane particles (BASF LP 9277, Germany), 12 kg of ZrO2-TiC nanocrystalline composite particles 2, 5 kg of silane coupling agent KH-550, and 175 kg of DMF solvent were stirred and mixed to prepare an impact-resistant coating liquid 2.

[0031] Preparation Example 6 Impact-resistant coating liquid 3 80 kg of polyurethane particles (BASF LP 9277, Germany), 15 kg of ZrO2-TiC nanocrystalline composite particles 3, 8 kg of silane coupling agent KH-550, and 200 kg of DMF solvent were stirred and mixed to prepare an impact-resistant coating liquid 3.

[0032] Preparation Example 7 Anti-bending coating liquid 1 Boron nitride nanosheets with a thickness of 2-5 nm and a lateral size of 200-500 nm were immersed in a 10% mass fraction silane coupling agent KH-560 / ethanol solution, immersed at 60°C for 4 h, washed and dried, and modified boron nitride nanosheets were collected; modified boron nitride nanosheets, polyurethane, nanocellulose and photoinitiator 184 were stirred and mixed in a mass ratio of 7.1:0.3:0.2:0.1, and ultrasonically dispersed, and then triple-roll milled to prepare an anti-bending coating liquid 1.

[0033] Preparation Example 8 Anti-bending coating liquid 2 Boron nitride nanosheets with a thickness of 2-5 nm and a lateral size of 200-500 nm were immersed in a 10% mass fraction silane coupling agent KH-560-ethanol solution, immersed at 60°C for 4 hours, washed and dried, and the modified boron nitride nanosheets were collected; modified boron nitride nanosheets, polyurethane, nanocellulose and photoinitiator 184 were taken in a mass ratio of 8:0.5:0.3:0.2, stirred and mixed, ultrasonically dispersed, and triple-roll milled to prepare the anti-bending coating liquid 2.

[0034] Preparation Example 9 Anti-bending coating liquid 3 Boron nitride nanosheets with a thickness of 2-5 nm and a lateral size of 200-500 nm were immersed in a 10% mass fraction silane coupling agent KH-560-ethanol solution, immersed at 60°C for 4 h, washed and dried, and the modified boron nitride nanosheets were collected; modified boron nitride nanosheets, polyurethane, nanocellulose and photoinitiator 184 were stirred and mixed in a mass ratio of 9.2:0.8:0.5:0.3, and ultrasonically dispersed, and then three-roll milling was used to prepare the anti-bending coating liquid 3.

[0035] Preparation Example 10 Surface antifouling liquid 1 60 kg of ethyl orthosilicate, 15 kg of methyltriethoxysilane, 10 kg of 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane and 200 kg of ethanol were mixed and stirred to prepare a surface antifouling liquid 1.

[0036] Preparation Example 11 65 kg of ethyl orthosilicate, 17 kg of methyltriethoxysilane, 15 kg of 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane and 250 kg of ethanol were stirred and mixed to prepare a surface antifouling liquid 2.

[0037] Preparation Example 12 70 kg of ethyl orthosilicate, 20 kg of methyltriethoxysilane, 20 kg of 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane and 300 kg of ethanol were mixed and stirred to prepare a surface antifouling liquid 3.

[0038] Example 1 A high-toughness impact-resistant optical lens comprises a lens base body and a bottom surface layer and a tough impact-resistant layer sequentially coated on the surface of the lens base body from the inside out.

[0039] A method for preparing a high-toughness impact-resistant optical lens comprises the following steps: After washing and drying the surface of the optical lens to be coated, the impact-resistant coating liquid 1 is sprayed onto the surface of the lens substrate and dried and cured at 80° C. to form a tough impact-resistant layer with a thickness of 80 μm.

[0040] Example 2 A high-toughness impact-resistant optical lens comprises a lens base body and a bottom surface layer and a tough impact-resistant layer sequentially coated on the surface of the lens base body from the inside out.

[0041] A method for preparing a high-toughness impact-resistant optical lens comprises the following steps: After washing and drying the surface of the optical lens to be coated, the impact-resistant coating liquid 2 is sprayed onto the surface of the lens substrate and dried and cured at 80° C. to form a tough impact-resistant layer with a thickness of 80 μm.

[0042] Example 3 A high-toughness impact-resistant optical lens comprises a lens base body and a bottom surface layer and a tough impact-resistant layer sequentially coated on the surface of the lens base body from the inside out.

[0043] A method for preparing a high-toughness impact-resistant optical lens comprises the following steps: After washing and drying the surface of the optical lens to be coated, the impact-resistant coating liquid 3 is sprayed onto the surface of the lens substrate and dried and cured at 80° C. to form a tough impact-resistant layer with a thickness of 80 μm.

[0044] Example 4 A high-toughness impact-resistant optical lens comprises a lens base and a bottom layer, a tough impact-resistant layer and an anti-bending layer which are sequentially coated on the surface of the lens base from the inside out.

[0045] A method for preparing a high-toughness impact-resistant optical lens comprises the following steps: After washing and drying the surface of the optical lens to be coated, the impact-resistant coating liquid 3 is sprayed onto the surface of the lens substrate and dried and cured at 80° C. to form a tough impact-resistant layer with a thickness of 80 μm.

[0046] Then, the anti-bending coating liquid 1 was coated on the surface of the tough anti-impact layer, cured by ultraviolet light for 30 seconds, and then vacuum annealed at 60° C. for 1 hour to form an anti-bending layer with a thickness of 20 μm.

[0047] Example 5 A high-toughness impact-resistant optical lens comprises a lens base and a bottom layer, a tough impact-resistant layer and an anti-bending layer which are sequentially coated on the surface of the lens base from the inside out.

[0048] A method for preparing a high-toughness impact-resistant optical lens comprises the following steps: After washing and drying the surface of the optical lens to be coated, the impact-resistant coating liquid 3 is sprayed onto the surface of the lens substrate and dried and cured at 80° C. to form a tough impact-resistant layer with a thickness of 80 μm.

[0049] Then, the anti-bending coating liquid 2 was coated on the surface of the tough anti-impact layer, cured by ultraviolet light for 30 seconds, and then vacuum annealed at 60° C. for 1 hour to form an anti-bending layer with a thickness of 20 μm.

[0050] Example 6 A high-toughness impact-resistant optical lens comprises a lens base and a bottom layer, a tough impact-resistant layer and an anti-bending layer which are sequentially coated on the surface of the lens base from the inside out.

[0051] A method for preparing a high-toughness impact-resistant optical lens comprises the following steps: After washing and drying the surface of the optical lens to be coated, the impact-resistant coating liquid 3 is sprayed onto the surface of the lens substrate and dried and cured at 80° C. to form a tough impact-resistant layer with a thickness of 80 μm.

[0052] Then, the anti-bending coating liquid 3 was coated on the surface of the tough anti-impact layer, cured by ultraviolet light for 30 seconds, and then vacuum annealed at 60° C. for 1 hour to form an anti-bending layer with a thickness of 20 μm.

[0053] Example 7 A high-toughness impact-resistant optical lens comprises a lens base and a bottom layer, a tough impact-resistant layer, an anti-bending layer and a surface anti-fouling layer which are sequentially coated on the surface of the lens base from the inside out.

[0054] A method for preparing a high-toughness impact-resistant optical lens comprises the following steps: After washing and drying the surface of the optical lens to be coated, the impact-resistant coating liquid 3 is sprayed onto the surface of the lens substrate and dried and cured at 80° C. to form a tough impact-resistant layer with a thickness of 80 μm.

[0055] Then, the anti-bending coating liquid 3 was coated on the surface of the tough anti-impact layer, cured by ultraviolet light for 30 seconds, and then vacuum annealed at 60° C. for 1 hour to form an anti-bending layer with a thickness of 20 μm.

[0056] The surface antifouling liquid 1 was spin-coated onto the surface of the anti-bending layer at a spin-coating rate of 3000 rpm, with a single layer thickness of 10 nm. The spin coating was repeated 3 times, and each layer was pre-cured at 80°C for 2 minutes. The lens was placed in a sealed container, and perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane vapor was injected. The lens was treated at 80°C for 30 minutes under nitrogen protection to form a fluorinated antifouling layer with a thickness of 30 nm.

[0057] Example 8 A high-toughness impact-resistant optical lens comprises a lens base and a bottom layer, a tough impact-resistant layer, an anti-bending layer and a surface anti-fouling layer which are sequentially coated on the surface of the lens base from the inside out.

[0058] A method for preparing a high-toughness impact-resistant optical lens comprises the following steps: After washing and drying the surface of the optical lens to be coated, the impact-resistant coating liquid 3 is sprayed onto the surface of the lens substrate and dried and cured at 80° C. to form a tough impact-resistant layer with a thickness of 80 μm.

[0059] Then, the anti-bending coating liquid 3 was coated on the surface of the tough anti-impact layer, cured by ultraviolet light for 30 seconds, and then vacuum annealed at 60° C. for 1 hour to form an anti-bending layer with a thickness of 20 μm.

[0060] The surface antifouling liquid 2 was spin-coated onto the surface of the anti-bending layer at a spin-coating rate of 3000 rpm, with a single layer thickness of 10 nm. The spin coating was repeated 3 times, and each layer was pre-cured at 80°C for 2 minutes. The lens was placed in a sealed container, and perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane vapor was injected. The lens was treated at 80°C for 30 minutes under nitrogen protection to form a fluorinated antifouling layer with a thickness of 30 nm.

[0061] Example 9 A high-toughness impact-resistant optical lens comprises a lens base and a bottom layer, a tough impact-resistant layer, an anti-bending layer and a surface anti-fouling layer which are sequentially coated on the surface of the lens base from the inside out.

[0062] A method for preparing a high-toughness impact-resistant optical lens comprises the following steps: After washing and drying the surface of the optical lens to be coated, the impact-resistant coating liquid 3 is sprayed onto the surface of the lens substrate and dried and cured at 80° C. to form a tough impact-resistant layer with a thickness of 80 μm.

[0063] Then, the anti-bending coating liquid 3 was coated on the surface of the tough anti-impact layer, cured by ultraviolet light for 30 seconds, and then vacuum annealed at 60° C. for 1 hour to form an anti-bending layer with a thickness of 20 μm.

[0064] The surface antifouling liquid 3 was spin-coated onto the surface of the anti-bending layer at a spin-coating rate of 3000 rpm, with a single layer thickness of 10 nm. The spin coating was repeated three times, and each layer was pre-cured at 80°C for 2 minutes. The lens was placed in a sealed container, and perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane vapor was injected. The lens was treated at 80°C for 30 minutes under nitrogen protection to form a fluorinated antifouling layer with a thickness of 30 nm.

[0065] Comparative Example Comparative Example 1 The comparative example is an optical lens without any coating layer.

[0066] Performance testing The optical lenses prepared in Examples 1-9 and Comparative Example 1 were subjected to performance tests: Impact resistance: tested according to ISO 8980-3 (impact resistance test of optical lenses); Light transmittance: tested according to standard ISO 13666; Surface hydrophobicity: tested according to standard GB / T 30693-2014.

[0067] The test results are shown in Table 1 Table 1 Performance test table

[0068] From the comparison of the test results of Examples 1-9 and Comparative Example 1, it can be found that: Examples 1-3 illustrate that the present application achieves functional composites through the synergistic effects of polyurethane particles, ZrO2-TiC nanoparticles, silane coupling agents, and DMF solvents. Polyurethane acts as a flexible matrix, dissipating impact energy through the entropic elasticity of the molecular chain; ZrO2-TiC nanoparticles act as a rigid reinforcing phase, improving strength through crack deflection and phase change toughening mechanisms; silane coupling agents modify the surface of the nanoparticles to form -Si-OC- covalent bonds to enhance interfacial bonding; and DMF solvent ensures uniform dispersion of the slurry. By optimizing the above formula and combining flexible polyurethane with rigid nanoparticles, a protective layer that is both tough and elastic is formed. The coating adheres tightly to the surface of the lens, effectively alleviating impact while remaining thin and transparent, adapting to long-term use in complex environments.

[0069] Comparing Examples 4-6 with Examples 1-3, this application demonstrates the advantages of further designing an anti-bending layer on the outer surface of the tough impact-resistant layer. Boron nitride nanosheets, surface-modified with a silane coupling agent, react with epoxy groups on the polyurethane -NCO groups to form covalent bonds. Simultaneously, the boron nitride nanosheets are arranged in parallel, forming a layered structure that dissipates impact energy through slip and crack deflection mechanisms. Nanocellulose enhances interfacial bonding through a hydrogen bond network, inhibiting crack propagation and improving fracture toughness. A photoinitiator triggers UV curing to form a cross-linked network. Consequently, the elastic modulus gradient between the anti-bending layer and the underlying tough impact-resistant layer achieves step-by-step absorption and dispersion of impact energy.

[0070] Finally, a comparison of Examples 7-9 with Examples 1-6 further illustrates the robust hydrophobicity and antifouling properties of the fluorosilane-modified coatings prepared using the sol-gel method. Surface stains are less likely to adhere, making daily cleaning more convenient. The coating also securely bonds to the underlying material, resisting peeling with long-term use. Furthermore, low-temperature steam fluorination technology forms a stable fluorocarbon protective layer on the lens surface. This process avoids high-temperature damage to the lens substrate while ensuring long-lasting and stable antifouling performance, balancing environmental protection with production efficiency.

[0071] The present invention has been described in detail above with reference to specific embodiments and exemplary examples. However, these descriptions should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various equivalent substitutions, modifications, or improvements may be made to the technical solutions and implementations of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, all of which fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention shall be determined by the appended claims.

[0072] All publications, patent applications, patents, and other references mentioned in this specification are incorporated herein by reference. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in this specification have the meanings conventionally understood by those skilled in the art. In the event of conflict, the definitions in this specification shall prevail.

[0073] When this specification uses the prefix "well known to those skilled in the art", "prior art" or similar terms to introduce materials, substances, methods, steps, devices or components, the objects introduced by the prefix include those commonly used in the art when this application is filed, but also include those that are not commonly used at present but will become generally recognized in the art to be suitable for similar purposes.

[0074] In the context of this specification, any matters or items not mentioned are directly applicable to those known in the art without any changes except those explicitly stated.

Claims

1. A high-toughness, impact-resistant optical lens, characterized in that: The lens comprises a lens matrix, a bottom surface layer and a tough impact-proof layer which are sequentially coated on the surface of the lens matrix from the inside out, wherein the tough impact-proof layer is a ZrO2-TiC nanocrystalline composite layer.

2. A high-toughness, impact-resistant optical lens, characterized in that: The tough anti-impact layer is formed by drying and solidifying a tough anti-impact coating liquid, and the anti-impact coating liquid includes the following substances in parts by weight: 60-80 parts of polyurethane particles; 10-15 parts of ZrO2-TiC nanocrystalline composite particles; 3-8 parts of silane coupling agent; 150-200 parts of DMF solvent.

3. The high-toughness impact-resistant optical lens according to claim 2, characterized in that: The ZrO2-TiC nanocrystalline composite particles are made using the following technical solutions: Zirconia particles and titanium powder are mixed and graphite particles are added, and the mixture is ball-milled under an argon atmosphere to obtain ball-milled powder; The ZrO2-TiC nanocrystalline composite particles can be prepared by taking ball-milled powder, subjecting it to a temperature-raising and pressure-treatment process, and then sintering it at a temperature-keeping temperature.

4. The high-toughness impact-resistant optical lens according to claim 2, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the zirconium oxide particles to the titanium powder particles is 3:(1.5-2.3).

5. The high-toughness impact-resistant optical lens according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-toughness impact-resistant optical lens further includes an anti-bending layer, which is provided on the outer surface of the tough impact-resistant layer. The anti-bending layer is made using the following technical solution: The boron nitride nanosheets are immersed in an ethanol solution of a silane coupling agent, washed and dried after the immersion treatment, and the modified boron nitride nanosheets are collected; Modified boron nitride nanosheets, polyurethane, nanocellulose and a photoinitiator are stirred and mixed and then sprayed onto the outer surface of the tough impact-proof layer. After light curing, vacuum annealing is performed to prepare the anti-bending layer.

6. The high-toughness impact-resistant optical lens according to claim 5, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the modified boron nitride nanosheets, polyurethane, nanocellulose and photoinitiator is (7.1-9.2): (0.3-0.8): (0.2-0.5): (0.1-0.3).

7. The high-toughness impact-resistant optical lens according to claim 5, characterized in that: The high-toughness impact-resistant optical lens further includes a surface anti-fouling layer, which is disposed on the surface of the anti-bending layer and is prepared by spin coating a surface anti-fouling liquid into a film followed by a low-temperature fluorination treatment. The surface anti-fouling liquid includes the following substances in parts by weight: 60-70 parts of ethyl orthosilicate; 15-20 parts of methyltriethoxysilane; 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane 10-20 parts; 200-300 parts of ethanol.

8. The high-toughness impact-resistant optical lens according to claim 7, characterized in that: The surface antifouling layer is made by the following technical solution: Take the surface anti-fouling liquid and spin-coat it on the surface of the anti-bending layer. Adjust the spin-coating speed and thickness. After pre-curing each layer to remove the solvent, place the lens in a sealed container, inject fluorosilane coupling agent vapor, and keep it at 75-85℃ under nitrogen protection for 30 minutes to prepare the surface anti-fouling layer.

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