An electromagnetic generator for converting ultra-low frequency vibration energy and its working method

Abstract

This invention discloses an electromagnetic generator and its operating method for converting ultra-low frequency vibration energy, belonging to the field of vibration energy harvesting and micro-power generation technology. It includes a base, an electromagnetic induction component, an inner rotor, a transmission device, and a top cover. The electromagnetic induction component has a central hole, within which the inner rotor is housed. The electromagnetic induction component includes an outer rotor and a stator, arranged vertically opposite each other. The outer rotor has a magnet, and the stator has a coil. The base is connected to the bottom of the inner rotor via a thrust bearing, the middle of the inner rotor is connected to the top cover via a linear bearing, and the top of the inner rotor is connected to the top cover via the transmission device. The inner rotor is also connected to the outer rotor via a one-way bearing. The base is also connected to the top cover via a linear bearing, and a spring is provided between the top cover and the linear bearing. This invention can harvest ultra-low frequency vibration energy from the environment, achieving higher energy harvesting efficiency compared to traditional electromagnetic energy harvesters.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of vibration energy harvesting and micro-power generation technology, and in particular to an electromagnetic generator for ultra-low frequency vibration energy conversion and its operating method. Background Technology

[0002] The statements in this section are merely background information related to the present invention and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] With the rapid development of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), system-on-chip (SoC), wireless communication technology, low-power embedded technology, and new sensing technologies, sensors are gradually evolving towards intelligence, miniaturization, and wireless networking, giving rise to wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In wireless sensor networks, wireless sensor nodes are the core hardware foundation; therefore, ensuring the long-term reliable operation of wireless sensor nodes is a necessary condition for wireless sensor network applications.

[0004] Currently, most wireless sensor nodes are powered by batteries. However, due to the limitations of battery capacity, the battery life is too short compared to the lifespan of the wireless sensor node itself. This limits the actual working life of the wireless sensor node and increases the maintenance costs of battery replacement. It does not meet the requirements for long-term stable operation of wireless sensor networks and restricts their development.

[0005] To meet the requirements for long-term stable operation of wireless sensor networks, wireless sensor nodes should be able to achieve self-powering. Harnessing vibration energy and converting it into electrical energy is currently the most widely researched self-powering technology for electronic devices. However, existing piezoelectric vibration energy harvesting systems struggle to collect ultra-low frequency (<5Hz) vibration energy from the environment. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention proposes an electromagnetic generator and its operating method for converting ultra-low frequency vibration energy. Under the influence of environmental vibration, the relative motion between the coil and the magnet causes a change in the magnetic flux within the coil, thereby converting mechanical energy into electrical energy. This device can collect ultra-low frequency vibration energy from the environment and has a higher energy harvesting efficiency compared to traditional vibration electromagnetic energy harvesters.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0008] In a first aspect, the present invention provides an electromagnetic generator for converting ultra-low frequency vibration energy, comprising a base, an electromagnetic induction component, an inner rotor, a transmission device and a top cover, wherein the electromagnetic induction component has a hole at its center and the inner rotor is disposed inside the hole.

[0009] The electromagnetic induction assembly includes an outer rotor and a stator, which are arranged vertically opposite each other. The outer rotor is equipped with a magnet, and the stator is equipped with a coil.

[0010] The base is connected to the bottom of the inner rotor via a thrust bearing, the middle of the inner rotor is connected to the top cover via a linear bearing, the top of the inner rotor is connected to the top cover via a transmission device, and the inner rotor is also connected to the outer rotor via a one-way bearing.

[0011] The base is connected to the top cover via a linear bearing, and a spring is provided between the top cover and the linear bearing.

[0012] As a further implementation, the transmission device includes an elastic rope and a non-elastic rope. The elastic rope passes through the inner rotor and is connected to both ends of the upper cover, while the non-elastic rope passes through and is wound around the inner rotor and is connected to both ends of the upper cover.

[0013] As a further implementation, the outer rotor is provided with multiple magnets, and the stator is provided with multiple coils.

[0014] As a further implementation, the stator is fixedly connected to the base.

[0015] As a further implementation, the base is connected to the top cover via multiple linear bearings, and each linear bearing is connected to the top cover via a spring.

[0016] As a further implementation, both the outer rotor and the stator are in the form of thin plates.

[0017] As a further implementation, the top cover, inner rotor, outer rotor, and base are arranged concentrically in the vertical direction.

[0018] As a further implementation, the base is horizontally fixed on the vibration table.

[0019] As a further implementation, the coils on the stator are wound with copper core enameled wire or alloy enameled wire.

[0020] A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for operating an electromagnetic generator for converting ultra-low frequency vibration energy, based on the electromagnetic generator for converting ultra-low frequency vibration energy described in the first aspect of the present invention, comprising the following steps:

[0021] The base of the electromagnetic generator is horizontally fixed on the vibration table;

[0022] When the vibration is along the vertical direction, the upper cover will move up and down due to the vibration. The transmission device will convert the up and down displacement of the upper cover into the reciprocating rotation of the inner rotor.

[0023] The reciprocating rotation of the inner rotor is converted into the unidirectional rotation of the outer rotor through a one-way bearing, cutting magnetic field lines;

[0024] The coils on the stator, based on the positive Faraday electromagnetic induction effect, collect the vibrational energy along the vertical direction and convert it into electrical energy.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0026] This invention discloses an electromagnetic generator and its operating method for converting ultra-low frequency vibration energy. It can collect ultra-low frequency vibration energy from the environment and convert it into electrical energy. Compared to traditional vibration electromagnetic energy harvesters, the electromagnetic generator of this invention has a simpler structure, requiring no large number of gears, racks, clutches, etc., significantly reducing weight and expanding the energy harvesting bandwidth, thus improving vibration energy conversion efficiency. This invention can operate stably and reliably, and can collect ultra-low frequency vibration energy in space with higher energy harvesting efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0027] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the invention.

[0028] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the electromagnetic generator for converting ultra-low frequency vibration energy according to the present invention.

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the electromagnetic generator of the present invention in its initial state;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the electromagnetic generator of the present invention in its working state under vertical excitation;

[0031] Figure 4 The output voltage response is given when the vibration direction is vertical, the amplitude is A=16mm, and the excitation frequency is 1Hz.

[0032] Figure 5 The curve shows the output power as a function of the excitation frequency, with the vibration direction being vertical, the amplitude being A=16mm.

[0033] The components are: 1. base; 2. top cover; 3. outer rotor; 4. stator; 5. inner rotor; 6. non-elastic rope; 7. elastic rope; 8. spring; 9. coil; 10. magnet. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0035] It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and intended to provide further explanation of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0036] Where there is no conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other.

[0037] Example 1

[0038] like Figure 1-3 As shown, this embodiment provides an electromagnetic generator for converting ultra-low frequency vibration energy, including a base 1, an electromagnetic induction component, an inner rotor 5, a transmission device, and a top cover 2. The electromagnetic induction component has a hole in the center, and the inner rotor 5 is disposed in the hole.

[0039] The electromagnetic induction assembly includes an outer rotor 3 and a stator 4. The stator 4 is fixedly connected to the base 1, and the outer rotor 3 is connected to the inner rotor 5 via a one-way bearing. The outer rotor 3 and the stator 4 are arranged vertically opposite each other. The outer rotor 3 is equipped with multiple magnets 10, and the stator 4 is equipped with multiple coils 9. In this embodiment, the outer rotor 3 has six magnets 10, and the stator 4 has six coils 9. The inner rotor 5 drives the outer rotor 3 to rotate, thereby generating relative motion between the outer rotor 3 and the stator 4. The magnets 10 on the outer rotor 3 and the coils 9 on the stator 4 generate electrical energy based on the positive Faraday effect. The one-way bearing converts the reciprocating rotational motion of the inner rotor 5 into the unidirectional rotational motion of the outer rotor 3.

[0040] The base 1 is connected to the bottom of the inner rotor 5 via a thrust bearing. The top of the inner rotor 5 is connected to the upper cover 2 via a transmission device. Simultaneously, the middle of the inner rotor 5 is also connected to the upper cover via a linear bearing, ensuring that the inner rotor rotates continuously around the center. The base 1 is connected to the upper cover 2 via multiple linear bearings, and each linear bearing is connected to the upper cover 2 via a spring 8. The linear bearings ensure that the displacement of the upper cover 2 is vertical, and the springs 8 allow the upper cover 2 to quickly return to its original position after vibration. The upper cover 2, inner rotor 5, outer rotor 3, and base 1 of the electromagnetic generator are concentrically arranged vertically.

[0041] The transmission device includes an elastic rope 7 and a non-elastic rope 6. The elastic rope 7 passes through the inner rotor 5 and is connected to both ends of the upper cover 2. The non-elastic rope 6 passes through and wraps around the inner rotor 5 and is connected to both ends of the upper cover 2. After receiving external excitation, the upper cover 2 drives the movement of the non-elastic rope 6 and the elastic rope 7 during its up-and-down reciprocating motion, thereby driving the inner rotor 5 to rotate reciprocally.

[0042] The motion of the non-elastic rope 6 and the elastic rope 7 is as follows:

[0043] During operation, when the upper cover 2 moves downward under excitation, it compresses the spring and causes the non-elastic rope 6 wrapped around the inner rotor 5 to unwind, thereby causing the inner rotor 5 to rotate. The inner rotor 5 then causes the outer rotor 3 to rotate, causing the elastic rope 7 to wrap around the inner rotor. When the excitation is released, due to the inertia of the outer rotor continuing to rotate, the spring causes the upper cover to reset, and the elastic rope causes the inner rotor to rotate in the opposite direction, resetting the non-elastic rope wrapped around the inner rotor. This allows the system to continue operating when the next round of excitation arrives.

[0044] In this embodiment, both the outer rotor 3 and the stator 4 are in the form of thin sheets. During operation, the base 1 is horizontally fixed on the excitation table.

[0045] In this embodiment, the coil 9 on the stator 4 is made of copper core enameled wire or alloy enameled wire. In the current experiment, the material of the coil 9 is copper core enameled wire (0.13mm in diameter), and the coil 9 is fixed in the hole of the stator 4.

[0046] Example 2

[0047] This embodiment provides a method for operating an electromagnetic generator that converts ultra-low frequency vibration energy. Based on the electromagnetic generator for converting ultra-low frequency vibration energy in Embodiment 1, the method includes the following steps:

[0048] The base of the electromagnetic generator is horizontally fixed on the vibration table;

[0049] When the vibration is along the vertical direction, the upper cover 2 will be displaced up and down due to the vibration. The up and down displacement of the upper cover 2 will be converted into the reciprocating rotation of the inner rotor 5 through the transmission device.

[0050] The reciprocating rotation of the inner rotor 5 is converted into the unidirectional rotation of the outer rotor 3 through a one-way bearing, cutting the magnetic field lines;

[0051] The coil 9 on stator 4 collects vertical vibration energy and converts it into electrical energy based on the positive Faraday electromagnetic induction effect.

[0052] Specifically, base 1 is fixed on a platform, elastic rope 7 passes through the inner rotor, and its two ends pass through the two ends of the upper cover 2 and are fixed. Non-elastic rope 6 passes through the inner rotor 5 and is wound around it, and then its two ends pass through the two ends of the upper cover 2 and are fixed.

[0053] like Figure 2 As shown, at this time, there is no excitation, and the elastic rope 7 is not wrapped around the inner rotor 5.

[0054] like Figure 3As shown, when the vibration is vertical, the upper cover 2 experiences forced vibration, causing the inelastic rope 6 to unwind, which in turn causes the inner rotor 5 to rotate. The inner rotor 5 then causes the elastic rope 7 to wind around it, which in turn causes the outer rotor 3 to rotate unidirectionally, thereby causing the magnet 10 on it to rotate. The coil 9, fixed on the stator 4, collects the vibration energy and converts it into electrical energy based on the positive Faraday effect. During reset, the elastic rope 7 causes the inner rotor 5 to rotate, which in turn causes the inelastic rope 6 to rewind around the inner rotor 5.

[0055] This invention is capable of collecting ultra-low frequency (<5Hz) vibrational energy from the environment, wherein, Figure 4 The voltage response is at 1Hz. Figure 5 The RMS power is 1~5Hz.

[0056] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0057] While the specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, this is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications or variations that can be made by those skilled in the art without creative effort based on the technical solutions of the present invention are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An electromagnetic generator for converting ultra-low frequency vibration energy, characterized in that, It includes a base, an electromagnetic induction component, an inner rotor, a transmission device, and a top cover. The electromagnetic induction component has a hole in its center, and the inner rotor is disposed inside the hole. The electromagnetic induction assembly includes an outer rotor and a stator, which are arranged vertically opposite each other. The outer rotor is provided with a magnet, and the stator is provided with a coil. The base is connected to the bottom of the inner rotor via a thrust bearing, the middle of the inner rotor is connected to the upper cover via a linear bearing, the top of the inner rotor is connected to the upper cover via a transmission device, and the inner rotor is also connected to the outer rotor via a one-way bearing. The base is connected to the upper cover via a linear bearing, and a spring is provided between the upper cover and the linear bearing; The transmission device includes an elastic rope and a non-elastic rope. The elastic rope passes through the inner rotor and is connected to both ends of the upper cover. The non-elastic rope passes through and is wound around the inner rotor and is connected to both ends of the upper cover. The upper cover, inner rotor, outer rotor and base are arranged concentrically in the vertical direction; The base is horizontally fixed on the vibration table.

2. The electromagnetic generator for ultra-low frequency vibration energy conversion as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The outer rotor is provided with multiple magnets, and the stator is provided with multiple coils.

3. The electromagnetic generator for ultra-low frequency vibration energy conversion as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The stator is fixedly connected to the base.

4. The electromagnetic generator for ultra-low frequency vibration energy conversion as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The base is connected to the top cover via multiple linear bearings, and each linear bearing is connected to the top cover via a spring.

5. An electromagnetic generator for converting ultra-low frequency vibration energy as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Both the outer rotor and the stator are in the form of thin sheets.

6. The electromagnetic generator for ultra-low frequency vibration energy conversion as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The coils on the stator are wound with copper core enameled wire or alloy enameled wire.

7. A method for operating an electromagnetic generator that converts ultra-low frequency vibration energy, characterized in that, An electromagnetic generator for converting ultra-low frequency vibration energy as described in any one of claims 1-6 includes the following steps: The base of the electromagnetic generator is horizontally fixed on the vibration table; When the vibration is along the vertical direction, the upper cover will move up and down due to the vibration. The transmission device will convert the up and down displacement of the upper cover into the reciprocating rotation of the inner rotor. The reciprocating rotation of the inner rotor is converted into the unidirectional rotation of the outer rotor through a one-way bearing, cutting magnetic field lines; The coils on the stator, based on the positive Faraday electromagnetic induction effect, collect the vibrational energy along the vertical direction and convert it into electrical energy.

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