Semi-closed electric pressure exchanger

Abstract

An electric pressure exchanger (300) includes a rotor (310) configured to exchange pressure between a first fluid and a second fluid. The motorized pressure exchanger (300) also includes a motorized end cap (330) forming a central bore. The electric pressure exchanger (300) also includes a shaft (320) including a first distal end coupled with the rotor (310). And the shaft penetrates through a central hole of the electric end cap. The motorized pressure exchanger (300) also includes a static seal (340) disposed against the motorized end cap (330) to prevent fluid from the central bore from exiting the motorized pressure exchanger (300) via the motorized end cap (330).

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present disclosure relates to pressure exchangers, and more particularly to semi-enclosed electrically powered pressure exchangers. BACKGROUND

[0002] Systems use fluids at different pressures. Systems use components to increase the pressure of fluids. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0003] The present disclosure is illustrated in the accompanying drawings in example fashion, and not limitation, as set forth more fully in the following disclosure.

[0004] Figures 1A-1D A schematic of a fluid handling system including a hydraulic energy transfer system is shown in accordance with certain embodiments.

[0005] Figures 2A-2E is an exploded perspective view of a pressure exchanger (PX) in accordance with certain embodiments.

[0006] Figures 3A-3I Components of a PX are shown in accordance with certain embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0007] Embodiments described herein relate to semi-enclosed electrically powered pressure exchangers.

[0008] Systems can use fluids at different pressures. Fluids supplied to a system can be at a lower pressure, while one or more of the system can operate at a higher pressure. Systems can include closed loops in which different fluid pressures are maintained at different portions of the loop. These systems can include hydraulic fracturing (e.g., hydrofracturing or fracking) systems, desalination systems, refrigeration systems, heat pump systems, energy generation systems, mud pumping systems, slurry pumping systems, industrial fluid systems, waste fluid systems, fluid transfer systems, etc. Pumps or compressors can be used to increase the pressure of fluids of such systems.

[0009] Conventionally, systems (e.g., refrigeration systems, heat pump systems, reversible heat pump systems, water systems, etc.) use a pump or compressor to increase the pressure of a fluid (e.g., a refrigerant fluid, such as carbon dioxide (C02), R-744, R-134a, hydrocarbons, hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), ammonia (NH3), refrigerant mixtures, R-407A, R-404A, etc.). Traditionally, a separate pump or compressor mechanically coupled to an electric motor is used to increase the fluid pressure in any portion of the system that includes fluid pressure increase. Pumps and compressors, especially those operating on large pressure differentials (e.g., resulting in a large increase in fluid pressure), require a large amount of energy. Thus, conventional systems consume a large amount of energy to increase the fluid pressure (via a pump or compressor driven by an electric motor). Moreover, conventional fluid delivery systems decrease the pressure of the fluid through an expansion valve. Conventional systems are not efficient at increasing and decreasing the fluid pressure while the circuit is operating. This is wasteful in terms of energy used to operate conventional systems (e.g., energy used to repeatedly increase the pressure of a refrigerant fluid to increase or decrease the temperature of the surrounding environment).

[0010] Traditionally, systems (e.g., refrigeration systems, heat pump systems, reversible heat pump systems, water systems, etc.) use dynamic seals (e.g., seals disposed against a shaft) to prevent fluid leakage (e.g., leakage of pressurized fluid). The use of dynamic seals against rotating components results in some leakage because the contact surfaces between the rotating components and the seals are in continuous motion relative to each other (e.g., dynamic sealing). Leakage can result in waste of system fluid, can result in inefficient operation of the system, and / or can result in foreign matter entering the system and damaging system components.

[0011] The systems, devices, and methods of the present disclosure provide solutions to these and other drawbacks of conventional systems.

[0012] The present disclosure provides pressure exchangers (PXs) for use in systems (e.g., fluid handling systems, heat transfer systems, refrigeration systems, heat pump systems, cooling systems, heating systems, etc.). In one system, a PX can be configured to exchange pressure between a first fluid (e.g., a high pressure portion of a refrigerant fluid in a refrigeration cycle) and a second fluid (e.g., a low pressure portion of a refrigerant fluid in a refrigeration cycle). The PX can receive the first fluid (e.g., a high pressure portion of a refrigerant fluid) via a first inlet (e.g., a high pressure inlet) and the second fluid (e.g., a low pressure portion of a refrigerant fluid) via a second inlet (e.g., a low pressure inlet). The first fluid can have a higher pressure than the second fluid when entering the pressure exchanger. The pressure exchanger can exchange pressure between the first fluid and the second fluid. The first fluid can exit the pressure exchanger via a first outlet (e.g., a low pressure outlet) and the second fluid can exit the pressure exchanger via a second outlet (e.g., a high pressure outlet). The second fluid can have a higher pressure than the first fluid when exiting the pressure exchanger (e.g., pressure has been exchanged between the first fluid and the second fluid).

[0013] PXs of the present disclosure can be semi-hermetic PXs. Semi-hermetic PXs can include components that are fastened together (e.g., rather than welded together) and can be serviced (e.g., via loosening of the components). The fastened components can be sealed via one or more seals. Semi-hermetic PXs can be sealed systems that do not allow air or pressure to escape via the fastened components.

[0014] In some embodiments, a PX includes a rotor configured to exchange pressure between a first fluid and a second fluid, an electric end cap formed with a central bore, and a shaft including a first distal end coupled to the rotor. The shaft can pass through the central bore of the electric end cap. The PX can further include a static seal disposed against the electric end cap to prevent fluid from the central bore from exiting the electric pressure exchanger via the electric end cap.

[0015] In some embodiments, an electric motor rotor and an electric motor stator are disposed in an internal volume of the electric end cap. The electric motor rotor can be coupled to a second distal end of the shaft. The electric motor stator can be disposed about the electric motor rotor. An end plate can be disposed adjacent to the electric end cap (e.g., the electric motor rotor and the electric motor stator are disposed between the end plate and the electric end cap). The static seal can be disposed between the end plate and the electric end cap.

[0016] In some embodiments, a coupling can body is disposed adjacent to the electric end cap and the static seal is between the coupling can body and the electric end cap. A coupling inner rotor can be disposed within an internal volume formed by the coupling can body. The coupling inner rotor can be coupled to the second distal end of the shaft. A coupling outer rotor can be disposed about the coupling can body. The coupling outer rotor can be coupled to the electric motor. The coupling outer rotor can be rotated by the coupling inner rotor via magnetic force.

[0017] The systems, devices, and methods of the present disclosure have advantages over conventional solutions. The systems of the present disclosure reduce energy consumption compared to conventional systems. For example, using the pressure exchangers of the present disclosure can recover energy stored as pressure and transfer that energy back into the system, reducing the energy costs of operating the system. The systems of the present disclosure can reduce wear and tear on components (e.g., pumps, compressors) compared to conventional systems. The PXs of the present disclosure have less leakage than conventional systems. This provides a healthier environment, reduces waste of system fluid, improves efficiency of the system, and reduces foreign matter in the system compared to conventional systems.

[0018] Although some embodiments of the present disclosure are described with respect to pressure exchangers, energy recovery devices, and hydrodynamic energy transfer systems, the present disclosure can be applied to other systems and devices (e.g., non-isobaric pressure exchangers, rotating components that are not pressure exchangers, non-rotating pressure exchangers, systems that do not include pressure exchangers, etc.).

[0019] Although some embodiments of the present disclosure are described with respect to exchanging pressure between fluids used in fracturing systems, desalination systems, heat pump systems, and / or refrigeration systems, the present disclosure can be applied to other types of systems. Fluids can refer to liquids, gases, transcritical fluids, supercritical fluids, subcritical fluids, and / or combinations thereof.

[0020] Figures 1A-1D A schematic of a fluid handling system 100 including a hydrodynamic energy transfer system 110 is shown in accordance with certain embodiments.

[0021] In some embodiments, the hydrodynamic energy transfer system 110 includes a pressure exchanger (e.g., PX). The PX can have a static seal disposed against the motorized end cap to prevent fluid from the motorized end cap central bore from exiting the PX via the motorized end cap (see, e.g., Figures 3A-3I ). The PX can have an internal motor (see, e.g., Figures 3A-3C ), or can have a magnetic coupling to a motor (see, e.g., Figures 3D-3F ). The static seal can seal against the motorized end cap without sealing against the shaft of the PX.

[0022] The hydraulic energy transfer system 110 (e.g., PX) receives a low pressure (LP) fluid input 120 (e.g., a low pressure inlet flow) from a low pressure (LP) input system 122. The hydraulic energy transfer system 110 also receives a high pressure fluid input 130 (e.g., a high pressure inlet flow) from a high pressure (HP) input system 132. The hydraulic energy transfer system 110 (e.g., PX) exchanges pressure between the high pressure fluid input 130 and the low pressure fluid input 120 to provide a low pressure fluid output 140 (e.g., a low pressure outlet flow) to a low pressure fluid output system 142 and a high pressure fluid output 150 (e.g., a high pressure outlet flow) to a high pressure fluid output system 152.

[0023] In some embodiments, the hydraulic energy transfer system 110 includes a pressure exchanger to exchange pressure between the high pressure fluid input 130 and the low pressure fluid input 120. The pressure exchanger can be a device that transfers fluid pressure between the high pressure fluid input 130 and the low pressure fluid input 120 with an efficiency of more than about 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, or higher (e.g., without using centrifugal technology). High pressure (e.g., high pressure fluid input 130, high pressure fluid output 150) refers to a pressure that is higher than low pressure (e.g., low pressure fluid input 120, low pressure fluid output 140). The low pressure fluid input 120 of the pressure exchanger can be pressurized and exit the pressure exchanger at high pressure (e.g., high pressure fluid output 150, which has a pressure greater than the pressure of the low pressure fluid input 120), while the high pressure fluid input 130 can be depressurized and exit the pressure exchanger at low pressure (e.g., low pressure fluid output 140, which has a pressure lower than the high pressure fluid input 130). The pressure exchanger can operate with the high pressure fluid input 130 directly applying force to pressurize the low pressure fluid input 120, with or without a fluid separation between the fluids. Examples of fluid separations that can be used with a PX include, but are not limited to, pistons, bladders, diaphragms, and the like. In some embodiments, the pressure exchanger can be a rotary device. Rotary pressure exchangers, such as those manufactured by Energy Recovery, Inc. of San Leandro, California, can not have any separate valves, as the effective valving action is accomplished inside the device via the relative motion of the rotor with respect to the end caps. Rotary pressure exchangers can be designed to operate with internal pistons to isolate the fluids and transfer pressure with relatively little mixing of the inlet fluid streams. Reciprocating pressure exchangers can include pistons that reciprocate in a cylinder for transferring pressure between the fluid streams. Any or multiple pressure exchangers can be used in the present disclosure, such as, but not limited to, a rotary pressure exchanger, a reciprocating pressure exchanger, or any combination thereof. Further, the pressure exchanger can be provided on a skid (carriage) separate from other components of the fluid handling system 100 (e.g., in the case where the pressure exchanger is being added to an existing fluid handling system).

[0024] In some embodiments, the electric motor 160 is coupled to the hydraulic energy transfer system 110 (e.g., to a pressure exchanger). In some embodiments, the electric motor 160 controls the speed of a rotor of the hydraulic energy transfer system 110 (e.g., to increase the pressure of the high pressure fluid output 150, decrease the pressure of the high pressure fluid output 140, etc.). In some embodiments, the electric motor 160 generates energy based on the pressure exchange in the hydraulic energy transfer system 110 (e.g., to act as a generator).

[0025] The hydraulic energy transfer system 110 can be a hydraulic protection system (e.g., a hydraulic buffer system, a hydraulic isolation system) that can prevent or limit contact between a load of solid particles of a fluid (e.g., a fracking fluid) and various equipment (e.g., hydraulic fracking equipment, high pressure pumps), while exchanging work and / or pressure with another fluid. By preventing or limiting contact between various equipment (e.g., fracking equipment) and a fluid containing solid particles, the hydraulic energy transfer system 110 increases the life and performance of various equipment (e.g., fracking equipment, high pressure fluid pumps), while reducing wear and tear. By using equipment (e.g., high pressure fluid pumps) that is not designed for abrasive fluids (e.g., fracking fluids and / or corrosive fluids), less expensive equipment can be used in the fluid handling system 100.

[0026] The hydraulic energy transfer system 110 can include a hydraulic turbocharger or a hydraulic pressure exchange system, such as a rotary pressure exchanger. The pressure exchanger can include one or more chambers (e.g., 1 to 100) to facilitate pressure transfer and pressure equalization between the volume of a first fluid and a second fluid (e.g., a gas, a liquid, a multiphase fluid). In some embodiments, the pressure exchanger can transfer pressure between a first fluid (e.g., a pressure exchange fluid, such as a fluid with no or substantially no proppant) and a second fluid, which can be high viscosity and / or contain solid particles (e.g., a fracking fluid containing sand, proppant, powder, debris, ceramic). The solid particle fluid can cause wear and / or erosion of pressure exchanger components, such as rotors and end caps of the pressure exchanger. The fluid (e.g., abrasive particles in the fluid) can cause wear between the interface of the rotor and each end cap as the rotor rotates relative to the end caps. Replacing worn components of the pressure exchanger can be expensive.

[0027] The hydraulic energy transfer system 110 can be used in different types of systems, such as fracking systems, desalination systems, refrigeration systems, etc.

[0028] Figure 1A A schematic diagram of a fluid handling system 100A including a hydraulic energy transfer system 110 is shown, in accordance with certain embodiments. The fluid handling system 100A can include a control module 180 that includes one or more controllers 185.

[0029] Figure 1B A schematic diagram of a fluid treatment system 100B including a hydraulic energy transfer system 110 is shown in accordance with certain embodiments. The fluid treatment system 100B can be a fracturing system. In some embodiments, the fluid treatment system 100B includes more components, fewer components, the same wiring, different wiring, and / or the like than shown. Figure 1B

[0030] The low pressure fluid input 120 and the high pressure fluid output 150 can be a fracturing fluid (e.g., a fluid including solid particles, a proppant fluid, etc.). The high pressure fluid input 130 and the low pressure fluid output 140 can be a fluid substantially free of solid particles (e.g., a fluid free of proppant, water, filtered fluid, etc.).

[0031] The low pressure input system 122 can include one or more low pressure fluid pumps to provide the low pressure fluid input 120 to the hydraulic energy transfer system 110 (e.g., a PX). The high pressure input system 132 can include one or more high pressure fluid pumps 134 to provide the high pressure fluid input 130 to the hydraulic energy transfer system 110.

[0032] The hydraulic energy transfer system 110 exchanges pressure between the low pressure fluid input 120 (e.g., a low pressure fracturing fluid) and the high pressure fluid input 130 (e.g., a high pressure water) to provide the high pressure fluid output 150 (e.g., a high pressure fracturing fluid) to the high pressure output system 152 and to provide the low pressure fluid output 140 (e.g., a low pressure water). The high pressure output system 152 can include a formation 154 (e.g., a well) including a fracture 156. Solid particles (e.g., proppant) from the high pressure fluid output 150 can be provided into the fracture 156 of the formation.

[0033] In some embodiments, the low pressure fluid output 140, the high pressure fluid pump 134, and the high pressure fluid input 130 are part of a first loop (e.g., a proppant free fluid loop). The low pressure fluid output 140 can be provided to the high pressure fluid pump to create the high pressure fluid input 130, which becomes the low pressure fluid output 140 as it exits the hydraulic energy transfer system 110.

[0034] In some embodiments, the low pressure fluid input 120, the high pressure fluid output 150, and the low pressure fluid pump 124 are part of a second loop (e.g., a proppant containing fluid loop). The high pressure fluid output 150 can be provided into the formation 154 and then pumped from the formation 154 by the low pressure fluid pump 124 to create the low pressure fluid input 120.

[0035] ​In some embodiments, fluid handling system 100B is used in well completion operations in the oil and gas industry to perform hydraulic fracturing (e.g., hydrofracturing, fracking) to increase the release of oil and gas in a formation 154. The high pressure output system 152 can include a formation 154 (e.g., a well). Hydraulic fracturing can include pumping a high pressure fluid 150 containing a combination of water, chemicals, and solid particles (e.g., sand, ceramic, proppant) into a well (e.g., formation 154) at high pressure. The low pressure fluid inflow 120 and high pressure fluid output 150 can include a proppant-laden fluid that increases the release of oil and gas in the formation 154 by propagating and increasing the size of a fracture 156 in the formation 154. The high pressure of the high pressure fluid output 150 initiates and increases the size of the fracture 156 and propagates through the formation 154 to release more oil and gas while the solid particles (e.g., powder, fragments, etc.) enter the fracture 156 to keep the fracture 156 open (e.g., prevent the fracture 156 from closing once the high pressure fluid output 150 is depressurized).

[0036] To pump this proppant-laden fluid into the formation 154 (e.g., well), the fluid handling system 100B can include one or more high pressure fluid pumps 134 and one or more low pressure fluid pumps 124 coupled to the hydraulic energy transfer system 110. For example, the hydraulic energy transfer system 110 can be a hydraulic turbocharger or pressure exchanger (e.g., rotary pressure exchanger). In operation, the hydraulic energy transfer system 110 transfers pressure between a first fluid (e.g., high pressure fluid input 130, a fluid without proppant) pumped by the high pressure fluid pump 134 and a second fluid (e.g., low pressure fluid input 120, a fluid containing proppant or fracking fluid) pumped by the low pressure fluid pump 124 without any substantial mixing between the two. In this way, the hydraulic energy transfer system 110 prevents or limits wear on the high pressure fluid pump 134 while enabling the fluid handling system 100B to pump high pressure fracking fluid (e.g., high pressure fluid output 150) into the formation 154 to release oil and gas. To operate in corrosive and abrasive environments, the hydraulic energy transfer system 110 can be made of a material that resists corrosive and abrasive substances in the first and second fluids. For example, the hydraulic energy transfer system 110 can be made of a ceramic (e.g., alumina, a cermet such as carbide, oxide, nitride, or boride hard phase in a metal matrix (e.g., Co, Cr, or Ni or any combination thereof), such as tungsten carbide in a CoCr, Ni, NiCr, or Co matrix.

[0037] In some embodiments, the hydraulic energy transfer system 110 includes a pressure exchanger (e.g., a rotary pressure exchanger), a high pressure fluid input 130 (e.g., a first fluid, a high pressure solids-free fluid) enters a first side of the pressure exchanger, where the high pressure fluid input 130 contacts a low pressure fluid input 120 (e.g., a second fluid, a low pressure fracturing fluid) that enters a second side of the pressure exchanger. The contact between the fluids enables the high pressure fluid input 130 to increase the pressure of the second fluid (e.g., the low pressure fluid input 120), which drives the second fluid out of the pressure exchanger (e.g., a high pressure fluid output 150) and down a well (e.g., a formation 154) for a fracturing operation. The first fluid (e.g., a low pressure fluid output 140) similarly exits the pressure exchanger, but at a low pressure after exchanging pressure with the second fluid. As described above, the second fluid can be a low pressure fracturing fluid, which can include abrasive particles that can wear the interface between the rotor and the corresponding end cap as the rotor rotates relative to the corresponding end cap.

[0038] Figure 1C A schematic diagram of a fluid treatment system 100C including a hydraulic energy transfer system 110 is shown, in accordance with certain embodiments. The fluid treatment system 100C can be a desalination system (e.g., to remove salt and / or other minerals from water). In some embodiments, the fluid treatment system 100C includes more components, fewer components, the same routes, different routes, etc. than shown. Figure 1C

[0039] The low pressure input system 122 can include a feed pump 126 (e.g., a low pressure fluid pump 124) that receives a seawater input 170 (e.g., feed water from a reservoir or directly from the ocean) and provides a low pressure fluid input 120 (e.g., low pressure seawater, feed water) to the hydraulic energy transfer system 110 (e.g., a PX). The high pressure input system 132 can include a membrane 136 that provides a high pressure fluid input 130 (e.g., high pressure saltwater) to the hydraulic energy transfer system 110 (e.g., a pressure exchanger). The hydraulic energy transfer system 110 exchanges pressure between the high pressure fluid input 130 and the low pressure fluid input 120 to provide a high pressure fluid output 150 (e.g., high pressure seawater) to a high pressure output system 152 and a low pressure fluid output 140 (e.g., low pressure saltwater) to a low pressure output system 142 (e.g., a geologic body, an ocean, a sea, a waste, etc.).

[0040] ​Membrane 136 can be a membrane separation device configured to separate fluids that pass through a membrane such as a reverse osmosis membrane. Membrane 136 can provide high pressure fluid input 130, which is concentrated feed water or concentrate (e.g., salt water), to hydraulic energy transfer system 110. The pressure of high pressure fluid input 130 can be used to compress low pressure feed water (e.g., low pressure fluid input 120) into high pressure feed water (e.g., high pressure fluid output 150). For simplicity and illustrative purposes, the term "feed water" is used. However, fluids other than water can be used in hydraulic energy transfer system 110.

[0041] Circulating pump 158 (e.g., centrifugal pump) provides high pressure fluid output 150 (e.g., high pressure sea water) to membrane 136. Membrane 136 filters high pressure fluid output 150 to provide low pressure potable water 172 and high pressure fluid input 130 (e.g., high pressure salt water). Low pressure output system 142 provides salt water output 174 (e.g., to a geologic body, ocean, sea, waste, etc.).

[0042] In some embodiments, high pressure fluid pump 176 is disposed between feed pump 126 and membrane 136. High pressure fluid pump 176 increases the pressure of low pressure sea water (e.g., low pressure fluid input 120, which provides high pressure feed water) that mixes with high pressure sea water provided by circulating pump 158.

[0043] In some embodiments, use of hydraulic energy transfer system 110 reduces the load on high pressure fluid pump 176. In some embodiments, fluid treatment system 100C provides low pressure potable water 172 without using high pressure fluid pump 176. In some embodiments, fluid treatment system 100C provides low pressure potable water 172 by intermittently using high pressure fluid pump 176.

[0044] In some examples, hydraulic energy transfer system 110 (e.g., pressure exchanger) receives low pressure fluid input 120 (e.g., low pressure feed water) at about 30 pounds per square inch (PSI) and receives high pressure fluid input 130 (e.g., high pressure salt water or concentrate) at about 980 PSI. Hydraulic energy transfer system 110 (e.g., pressure exchanger) transfers pressure from high pressure concentrate (e.g., high pressure fluid input 130) to low pressure feed water (e.g., low pressure fluid input 120). Hydraulic energy transfer system 110 (e.g., pressure exchanger) outputs high pressure fluid output 150 (e.g., high pressure (compressed) feed water) at about 965 PSI and outputs low pressure fluid output 140 (e.g., low pressure concentrate) at about 15 PSI. Thus, the efficiency of hydraulic energy transfer system 110 (e.g., pressure exchanger) can be about 97% because the input volume is about equal to the output volume of hydraulic energy transfer system 110 (e.g., pressure exchanger) and 965 PSI is about 97% of 980 PSI.

[0045] Figure 1D A schematic diagram of a fluid handling system 100D including a hydraulic energy transfer system 110 according to certain embodiments is shown. The fluid handling system 100D may be a refrigeration system. In some embodiments, the fluid handling system 100D includes a... Figure 1D The diagram shows more parts, fewer parts, the same route, different routes, etc.

[0046] Hydraulic power transfer system 110 (e.g., PX) can receive low-pressure fluid input 120 from low-pressure input system 122 (e.g., low-pressure booster 128, low-pressure fluid pump, etc.) and high-pressure fluid input 130 from high-pressure input system 132 (e.g., condenser 138). Hydraulic power transfer system 110 (e.g., pressure exchanger) can exchange pressure between low-pressure fluid input 120 and high-pressure fluid input 130 to provide high-pressure fluid output 150 to high-pressure output system 152 (e.g., high-pressure booster 159) and low-pressure fluid output 140 to low-pressure output system 142 (e.g., evaporator 144). Evaporator 144 can supply fluid to compressor 178 and low-pressure booster 128. Condenser 138 can receive fluid from compressor 178 and high-pressure booster 159.

[0047] The fluid handling system 100D can be a closed system. The low-pressure fluid inlet 120, the high-pressure fluid inlet 130, the low-pressure fluid outlet 140, and the high-pressure fluid outlet 150 can all be fluids (e.g., refrigerant) circulating in the closed system of the fluid handling system 100D.

[0048] In some embodiments, the fluid in the fluid handling system 100D may include solid particles. For example, pipes, equipment, connections (e.g., pipe welds, pipe fusions), etc., may introduce solid particles (e.g., solid particles from welding) into the fluid in the fluid handling system 100D. Solid particles in the fluid and / or high pressure in the fluid may cause wear and / or corrosion of components (e.g., rotors, end caps) of the PX of the hydraulic power transmission system 110.

[0049] Figures 2A-2E This is an exploded perspective view of a rotary pressure exchanger 40 (e.g., a rotary pressure exchanger, a rotary liquid piston compressor (LPC)) according to certain embodiments. The pressure exchanger 40 may include a motor 92 and / or a control module 94.

[0050] In some embodiments, the PX 40 has a static seal abutting against the motorized end cap to prevent fluid from leaving the PX 40 via the motorized end cap through the central hole (see, for example). Figures 3A-3I The PX 40 may have an internal motor (see, for example, see...).Figures 3A-3C ), or can have a magnetic coupling to the motor (see, e.g., Figures 3D-3F The static seal can seal against the motorized end cap, and not against the shaft of the PX 40.

[0051] The pressure exchanger 40 is configured to transfer pressure and / or work between a first fluid (e.g., a non-frac fluid or supercritical carbon dioxide, high pressure fluid input 130) and a second fluid (e.g., a frac fluid or superheated gaseous carbon dioxide, low pressure fluid input 120) with minimal mixing of the fluids. The rotary pressure exchanger 40 can include a generally cylindrical body portion 42 that includes a sleeve 44 (e.g., a rotor sleeve) and a rotor 46. The rotary pressure exchanger 40 can also include two end caps 48 and 50 that include manifolds 52 and 54, respectively. The manifold 52 includes respective inlet and outlet ports 56 and 58, while the manifold 54 includes respective inlet and outlet ports 60 and 62. In operation, the inlet ports 56, 60 enable the first and second fluids to enter the rotary pressure exchanger 40 to exchange pressure, while the outlet ports 58, 62 enable the first and second fluids to subsequently exit the rotary pressure exchanger 40. In operation, the inlet port 56 can receive a high pressure first fluid (e.g., high pressure fluid input 130), and after exchanging pressure, the outlet port 58 can be used to direct a low pressure first fluid (e.g., low pressure fluid output 140) out of the rotary PX 40. Similarly, the inlet port 60 can receive a low pressure second fluid (low pressure fluid input 120), and the outlet port 62 can be used to direct a high pressure second fluid (e.g., high pressure fluid output 150) out of the rotary pressure exchanger 40. The end caps 48 and 50 include respective end caps 64 and 66 (e.g., end plates) disposed within the respective manifolds 52, 54 that enable fluid sealed contact with the rotor 46.

[0052] As noted above, one or more components of the pressure exchanger 40, such as the rotor 46, the end cap 64, and / or the end cap 66, can be constructed of a wear resistant material (e.g., carbide, cemented carbide, silicon carbide, tungsten carbide, etc.) having a hardness greater than a predetermined threshold (e.g., a Vickers hardness value of at least 1000, 1250, 1500, 1750, 2000, 2250, or higher). For example, tungsten carbide can be more durable than other materials, such as alumina ceramic, and can provide improved wear resistance to abrasive fluids.

[0053] The rotor 46 can be cylindrical and can be disposed within the sleeve 44, which enables the rotor 46 to rotate about the axis 68. The rotor 46 can have a plurality of passages 70 (e.g., ducts, rotor ducts) extending substantially longitudinally through the rotor 46, which have openings 72 and 74 (e.g., rotor ports) symmetrically arranged about the longitudinal axis 68 at each end. The openings 72 and 74 of the rotor 46 are arranged in hydraulic communication with the inlet and outlet orifices 76 and 78 (e.g., end cap inlet and outlet ports) and the inlet and outlet orifices 80 and 82 (e.g., end cap inlet and outlet ports) in the end caps 64 and 66, such that the passages 70 are exposed to fluid at high pressure and fluid at low pressure during rotation. As shown, the inlet and outlet orifices 76 and 78 and the inlet and outlet orifices 80 and 82 can be designed in the form of circular arcs or circular segments (e.g., C-shaped).

[0054] In some embodiments, a controller using sensor feedback (e.g., revolutions per minute measured by a tachometer or optical encoder or volumetric flow rate measured by a flow meter) can control the degree of mixing between the first fluid and the second fluid in the rotary pressure exchanger 40, which can be used to improve the fluid handling system (e.g., a fuel cell system) by reducing the amount of energy required to mix the fluids. Figures 1A-1Doperability of the fluid treatment systems 100A-D. For example, changing the volumetric flow rates of the first fluid and the second fluid into the rotary pressure exchanger 40 allows a device operator (e.g., system operator) to control the amount of mixing of the fluids within the pressure exchanger 40. Further, changing the rotational speed of the rotor 46 also allows the operator to control the mixing. Three features of the rotary pressure exchanger 40 that affect mixing are: (1) the aspect ratio of the rotor channel 70; (2) the duration of exposure between the first fluid and the second fluid; and (3) the formation of a fluid barrier (e.g., interface) between the first fluid and the second fluid within the rotor channel 70. First, the rotor channel 70 (e.g., pipe) is typically long and narrow, which stabilizes the flow within the rotary pressure exchanger 40. Further, the first fluid and the second fluid can move through the channel 70 in a plug flow regime with minimal axial mixing. Second, in certain embodiments, the speed of the rotor 46 reduces the contact between the first fluid and the second fluid. For example, the speed of the rotor 46 (e.g., rotor speed of about 1200 revolutions per minute (RPM)) can reduce the contact time between the first fluid and the second fluid to less than about 0.15 seconds, 0.10 seconds, or 0.05 seconds. Third, a small portion of the rotor channel 70 is used for pressure exchange between the first fluid and the second fluid. Thus, a volume of fluid remains in the channel 70 to act as a barrier between the first fluid and the second fluid. All of these mechanisms can limit the mixing within the rotary pressure exchanger 40. Further, in some embodiments, the rotary pressure exchanger 40 can be designed to operate with an internal piston or other barrier that completely or partially isolates the first fluid and the second fluid while enabling pressure transfer.

[0055] Figures 2B-2E is an exploded view of an embodiment of the rotary pressure exchanger 40 showing the sequence of positions of a single rotor channel 70 in the rotor 46 as the channel 70 rotates through a full cycle. Note that the channel 70 is shown as having a circular cross-sectional shape. In other embodiments, the rotary pressure exchanger 40 can include multiple channels 70 having the same or different cross-sectional shapes (e.g., circular, oval, square, rectangular, polygonal, etc.). Thus, Figures 2B-2E is a simplified diagram of the rotary pressure exchanger 40 showing one rotor channel 70, and the channel 70 is shown as having a circular cross-sectional shape. In other embodiments, the rotary pressure exchanger 40 can include multiple channels 70 having the same or different cross-sectional shapes (e.g., circular, oval, square, rectangular, polygonal, etc.). Thus, Figures 2B-2E is a simplification for illustrative purposes, and other embodiments of the rotary pressure exchanger 40 can have different numbers of channels 70 than shown in Figures 2A-2EThe rotating pressure exchanger 40 facilitates pressure exchange between the first and second fluids by briefly contacting the first and second fluids with one another within the rotor 46, as described in detail below. In certain embodiments, the exchange occurs at a rotational speed that results in limited mixing of the first and second fluids. The velocity of the pressure wave through the rotor passage 70 (once the passage is exposed to the orifice 76), the diffusion velocity of the fluids, and / or the rotational velocity of the rotor 46 can determine whether any mixing occurs and the degree of mixing.

[0056] Figure 2B is an exploded perspective view of an embodiment of a rotating pressure exchanger 40 (e.g., a rotating LPC) according to certain embodiments. In Figure 2B , the passage opening 72 is in a first position. In this first position, the passage opening 72 is in fluid communication with the orifice 78 in the end cap 64, and thus with the manifold 52, while the opposite passage opening 74 is in fluid communication with the orifice 82 in the end cap 66 and with the manifold 54 through the extension. As will be discussed below, the rotor 46 can rotate in a clockwise direction as indicated by arrow 84. In operation, a low pressure second fluid 86 passes through the end cap 66 and into the passage 70, where it contacts a first fluid 88 at a dynamic fluid interface 90. The second fluid 86 then drives the first fluid 88 out of the passage 70, through the end cap 64, and out of the rotating pressure exchanger 40. However, because of the short duration of contact, mixing between the second fluid 86 and the first fluid 88 is minimal.

[0057] Figure 2C is an exploded perspective view of an embodiment of a rotating pressure exchanger 40 (e.g., a rotating LPC) according to certain embodiments. In Figure 2C , the passage 70 has rotated approximately 90 degrees of arc clockwise. In this position, the opening 74 (e.g., the outlet) is no longer in fluid communication with the orifices 80 and 82 of the end cap 66, and the opening 72 is no longer in fluid communication with the orifices 76 and 78 of the end cap 64. As such, the low pressure second fluid 86 is temporarily contained within the passage 70.

[0058] Figure 2D is an exploded perspective view of an embodiment of a rotating pressure exchanger 40 (e.g., a rotating LPC) according to certain embodiments. In Figure 2D , the passage 70 has rotated approximately 60 degrees of arc from the position shown in Figure 2B . The opening 74 is now in fluid communication with the orifice 80 in the end cap 66, while the opening 72 of the passage 70 is now in fluid communication with the orifice 76 of the end cap 64. In this position, the high pressure first fluid 88 enters and pressurizes the low pressure second fluid 86, driving the second fluid 86 out of the rotor passage 70 and through the orifice 80.

[0059] Figure 2E is an exploded perspective view of an embodiment of a rotary pressure exchanger 40 (e.g., a rotary LPC) in accordance with certain embodiments. In Figure 2E , the channel 70 has been rotated approximately 270 degrees from the position shown in Figure 2B . In this position, the opening 74 is no longer in fluid communication with the orifices 80 and 82 of the end cap 66, and the opening 72 is no longer in fluid communication with the orifices 76 and 78 of the end cap 64. As a result, the first fluid 88 is no longer pressurized and is temporarily contained within the channel 70 until the rotor 46 is rotated another 90 degrees, and the cycle begins again.

[0060] Wear and / or erosion damage can occur to a PX when suspended solids are introduced and mixed in the fluid entering the PX. Wear damage can occur when particles enter the clearances in the pressure exchanger (e.g., get trapped between the stationary end cap and the rotating end cap). Erosion damage can occur when suspended solids (e.g., erosive agents) are present in the high velocity fluid jets (e.g., slurry jets) created by the high pressure differential inside the pressure exchanger. The high velocity jets can cause damage to the components of the pressure exchanger as the high velocity jets impact the components. Damage (e.g., erosion damage) can occur when a high pressure rotor port (e.g., rotor tube) opens to a low pressure end cap port (e.g., kidney) or a low pressure rotor port (e.g., rotor tube) opens to a high pressure end cap port (e.g., kidney), resulting in a high pressure differential.

[0061] Figures 3A-3I components of a PX 300 (e.g., an electrically powered pressure exchanger, a semi-enclosed electrically powered pressure exchanger) in accordance with certain embodiments are shown. Figures 1A-1D the hydraulic energy transfer system 110 of one or more of the figures in Figures 2A-2E The PX 40 of one or more of the figures in Figures 3A-3I may include one or more features, materials, functions, etc. that are the same as or similar to one or more of the features, materials, functions, etc. of Figures 3A-3I The PX 300 of one or more of the figures in Figures 1A-2E may include one or more features, materials, functions, etc. as described with respect to one or more of the figures in The PX 300 can be an electrically powered PX with zero leakage (e.g., or reduced leakage as compared to conventional solutions). One or more components of the PX 300 can be made of stainless steel and / or cast iron. In some embodiments, sonic pulses can be used to rotate (e.g., impact, adjust) the rotor 310.

[0062] In some embodiments, PX 300 uses a motor (e.g., internal motor 370, motor 398) to control the flow of fluid through PX 300 (e.g., increase flow, decrease flow). In some embodiments, PX 300 uses a motor (e.g., internal motor 370, motor 398) to convert mechanical energy (e.g., rotational energy, kinetic energy) to electrical energy.

[0063] In some embodiments, PX 300 includes rotor 310, shaft 320, motorized end cap 330, and static seal 340. PX 300 can also include sleeve 312, end caps 350A-B, end cap 352, ports 354A-D, central vessel 314, bearing 360, bearing retainer plate 362, and seal plate 356. In some embodiments, bearing 360 is a ball bearing, a plastic bearing, and / or a journal bearing (e.g., a plain bearing, journal, or journal bearing configured to rotate about shaft 320).

[0064] Rotor 310 is configured to exchange pressure between a first fluid and a second fluid. Sleeve 312 is disposed about rotor 310. End cap 350A is disposed at a first distal end of rotor 310. End cap 350B is disposed at a second distal end of rotor 310.

[0065] Motorized end cap 330 is formed with a central aperture. Shaft 320 has a first distal end coupled to rotor 310. Shaft 320 passes through the central aperture of motorized end cap 330. Static seal 340 is disposed against motorized end cap 330 to prevent fluid (e.g., fluid from the central aperture) from exiting PX 300 via motorized end cap 330.

[0066] Static seal 340 is disposed against motorized end cap 330 without being disposed proximate to shaft 320 (e.g., static seal 340 is not disposed against any rotating component, static seal 340 is not a dynamic seal, static seal 340 is not a dynamic shaft seal, static seal 340 is not a shaft seal).

[0067] In some embodiments, PX 300 is used to exchange pressure between supercritical CO2 refrigeration fluids (e.g., in the supercritical CO2 refrigeration industry). In some embodiments, PX 300 (e.g., Figure 3A PX 300) is used to exchange pressure between non-conductive fluids (e.g., dielectric constant of fluid is similar to dielectric constant of air, dielectric constant is less than about 2, dielectric constant is less than about 1.8). In some embodiments, PX 300 (e.g., Figures 3D-3FThe PX 300 shown can be used with any fluid. In some embodiments, the PX 300 has a smaller footprint than traditional systems. In some embodiments, the PX 300 is used in a chiller rack. In some embodiments, the PX 300 complies with supercritical CO2 refrigeration industry standards for closed and / or semi-closed compressors.

[0068] Figures 3A-3C and Figures 3G-3I Components of the PX 300 with internal motor 370 are shown. Figure 3A The PX 300 is shown. Figure 3B The internal motor rotor 372 of the PX 300 (e.g., the PX 300 shown Figure 3A The internal motor rotor 372 of the PX 300 (e.g., the PX 300 shown Figure 3C The internal motor stator 374 of the PX 300 (e.g., the PX 300 shown Figure 3A The internal motor stator 374 of the PX 300 (e.g., the PX 300 shown In some embodiments, Figures 3A-3C Components of the same PX 300 or similar PX 300 are shown. Figure 3G A cutaway front view of the PX 300 is shown. Figure 3H A cutaway side view of the PX 300 is shown. Figure 3I An exploded perspective view of the internal motor 370 of the PX 300 is shown. In some embodiments, Figures 3A-3I Components of the same PX 300 or similar PX 300 are shown.

[0069] Figure 3APX 300 can have a rotor 310, a sleeve 312 disposed about the rotor 310, an end cap 350A (e.g., a low pressure end cap) at a first distal end of the rotor 310, an end cap 350B (e.g., a high pressure end cap) disposed at a second distal end of the rotor 310, a seal plate 356 disposed proximate the end cap 350A (e.g., the end cap 350A disposed between the seal plate 356 and the rotor 310), an end cap 352 disposed proximate the seal plate 356 (e.g., the seal plate 356 disposed between the end cap 352 and the end cap 350A), and a port 354A (e.g., a low pressure input (LP IN)) and a port 354B (e.g., a high pressure output (HP OUT)) disposed at the end cap 352. A central vessel 314 (e.g., a central vessel housing, a cartridge housing) can be disposed about (e.g., or include) the rotor 310, the sleeve 312, the end caps 350A-B, and / or the seal plate 356. An electric end cap 330 can be disposed proximate the end cap 350B (e.g., the end cap 350B disposed between the electric end cap 330 and the rotor 310). An end plate 332 (e.g., an end cap) can be disposed proximate the electric end cap 330 (e.g., the electric end cap 330 disposed between the end plate 332 and the end cap 350B). The electric end cap 330 can include a port 354C (e.g., a low pressure output (LP OUT)) and a port 354D (e.g., a high pressure input (HP IN)). A shaft 320 can be disposed through at least a portion of the rotor 310, the electric end cap 330, and an internal motor 370 (e.g., an internal motor rotor 372 and an internal motor stator 374). A first distal portion of the shaft 320 can be coupled (e.g., attached) to the rotor 310, and a second distal portion of the shaft 320 can be coupled (e.g., attached) to the internal motor rotor 372 (e.g., via a key hole formed through the shaft 320 and a retaining bolt through the internal motor rotor 372 and the shaft 320). A bearing 360 can be disposed between the electric end cap 330 and the shaft 320. A bearing retaining plate 362 can be disposed about the shaft 320 between the electric end cap 330 and the internal motor 370. The internal motor can include the internal motor rotor 372 and an internal motor stator 374 disposed about the internal motor rotor 372. A rotor retaining cap 376 can be disposed at the second distal end of the shaft 320 (e.g., the first distal end of the shaft 320 attached to the rotor 310). A stator retaining plate 378 can be configured to prevent rotation of the internal motor stator 374 (e.g., to hold the internal motor stator 374 in place). The stator retaining plate 378 can be fastened (e.g., bolted, via pins and pin holes formed through the internal motor stator 374) to the internal motor stator 374, and / or friction can be used to prevent rotation of the internal motor stator 374.

[0070] The internal motor 370 can include the internal motor rotor 372 and the internal motor stator 374. In some embodiments, the PX 300 includes the end plate 332, the rotor retaining cap 376, and / or the stator retaining plate 378. Figure 3AA cross-sectional view of PX 300 is shown, Figure 3B An internal motor rotor 372 is shown, Figure 3C An internal motor stator 374 is shown. In some embodiments, one or more wires are routed from the internal motor 370 through the stator retention plate 378 (e.g., via epoxy plugs with terminals on both sides) to one or more external components.

[0071] Figure 3A PX 300 can not have an external motor, and can not have a shaft seal that attempts to seal pressurized fluid (e.g., a shaft seal can cause fluid to leak to atmosphere because the contact surfaces between the rotating shaft and the seal can move continuously relative to one another, a dynamic seal). Figure 3A PX 300 can have an internal motor 370 (e.g., exposed to the contained fluid), and can have a static seal where there is no relative motion (e.g., can not have a dynamic seal). Figure 3A PX 300 shown can be an electric PX with an internal frameless motor (e.g., internal motor 370) that includes a stator (e.g., internal motor stator 374) and a rotor (e.g., internal motor rotor 372), and does not have a shaft seal (e.g., reduces leakage compared to conventional solutions, enabling zero leakage).

[0072] Figure 3A PX 300 can have an internal motor 370 and a static seal 340 to prevent (e.g., interrupt) pressurized fluid from leaking to atmosphere. Figure 3A PX 300 can be used with non-conductive fluids (e.g., because the internal motor 370 is exposed to the fluid).

[0073] Figure 3A PX 300 can be an electric pressure exchanger comprising a rotor 310 configured to exchange pressure between a first fluid and a second fluid, a shaft 320 comprising a first distal end coupled with the rotor 310, an electric end cap 330 forming an internal volume, and an internal motor 370 disposed in the internal volume and coupled with a second distal end of the shaft 320. The internal motor 370 can include an internal motor rotor 372 disposed in the internal volume of the electric end cap 330. The internal motor rotor 372 can be coupled with the second distal end of the shaft. The internal motor 370 can include an internal motor stator 374 disposed in the internal volume of the electric end cap 330. The internal motor stator 374 can be disposed about the internal motor rotor 372.

[0074] Figure 3APX 300 can also include an end plate 332 disposed adjacent to the motorized end cap 330. The inner motor rotor 372 and the inner motor stator 374 are disposed between the end plate 332 and the motorized end cap 330. The static seal 340 is disposed between the end plate 332 and the motorized end cap 330.

[0075] The shaft 320 passes through a central hole of the motorized end cap 330. The static seal 340 is configured to prevent fluid from the central hole from exiting the PX 300 (e.g., motorized pressure exchanger) via the motorized end cap 330. The static seal 340 is disposed against the motorized end cap 330, without being disposed adjacent to the shaft 320.

[0076] The inner motor 370 can be an inner frameless motor configured to control rotation of the rotor 310. The inner motor 370 can be an induction motor or a permanent magnet motor.

[0077] Figures 3G-3H PX 300 is shown with an induction motor having an oil management system 400 including one or more oil drain ports 410 (e.g., drains, drain lines), an oil sensor port 420 (e.g., sensor), and / or an oil sight port 430 (e.g., sight glass). In some embodiments, Figures 3G-3H PX 300 includes one or more junction boxes 440 or wire feedthroughs 450. The oil management system 400 can include a sensor in the oil sensor port 420 configured to provide sensing data (e.g., oil level, oil quality, etc.) about the oil. The oil management system 400 can include a sight glass (e.g., transparent component) disposed in the sight port 430 configured to provide a visual observation into the PX 300. The oil management system 400 can include an oil drain (e.g., component configured to adjustably allow and / or adjustably prevent oil from draining from the PX 300) associated with the oil drain port 410. The oil management system 400 can include a junction box 440 covering a wire feedthrough 450. One or more wires attached to one or more components (e.g., one or more sensors, the sensor of the oil sensor port 420, the inner motor rotor 372, the inner motor stator 374, etc.) can exit the PX 300 into the junction box 440 via the wire feedthrough 450. Figure 3I An exploded perspective view of the inner motor 370 can be shown Figure 3G and / or Figure 3H

[0078] Figures 3D-3F PX 300 is shown with a magnetic coupling assembly 380. Figure 3D A system 301 including a PX 300 is shown. Figure 3E PX 300 (e.g., Figure 3D ​PX 300 of system 301). Figure 3F The magnetic coupling assembly 380 (e.g., of the PX 300) is shown. Figure 3D and / or Figure 3E The magnetic coupling assembly 380 (e.g., of the PX 300) is shown.

[0079] Figure 3D The PX 300 can have a rotor 310, a sleeve 312 disposed about the rotor 310, an end cap 350A (e.g., a low pressure end cap) at a first distal end of the rotor 310, an end cap 350B (e.g., a high pressure end cap) disposed at a second distal end of the rotor 310, a seal plate 356 disposed about the end cap 350A (e.g., the end cap 350A disposed between the seal plate 356 and the rotor 310), an end cap 352 disposed about the seal plate 356 (e.g., the seal plate 356 disposed between the end cap 352 and the end cap 350A), and a port 354A (e.g., a low pressure input (LPIN)) and a port 354B (e.g., a high pressure output (HPOUT)) disposed at the end cap 352. A central vessel 314 (e.g., a central vessel housing, a canister housing) can be disposed about (e.g., or include) the rotor 310, the sleeve 312, the end caps 350A-B, and / or the seal plate 356. A pull rod 390 can couple (e.g., attach) the end cap 352 with a motorized end cap 330. The motorized end cap 330 can be disposed about the end cap 350B (e.g., the end cap 350B disposed between the motorized end cap 330 and the rotor 310). An end plate 332 (e.g., an end cap) can be disposed about the motorized end cap 330 (e.g., the motorized end cap 330 disposed between the end plate 332 and the end cap 350B). The motorized end cap 330 can include a port 354C (e.g., a low pressure output (LPOUT)) and a port 354D (e.g., a high pressure input (HPIN)). A shaft 320 can be disposed through at least a portion of the rotor 310, the motorized end cap 330, and an internal motor 370 (e.g., an internal motor rotor 372 and an internal motor stator 374). A first distal portion of the shaft 320 can be coupled (e.g., attached) with the rotor 310, while a second distal portion of the shaft 320 can be coupled (e.g., attached) with a coupling inner rotor 384. A bearing 360 can be disposed between the motorized end cap 330 and the shaft 320. A bearing retainer plate 362 can be disposed about the shaft 320 between the motorized end cap 330 and a coupling can 382.

[0080] The magnetic coupling assembly 380 can include a coupling can 382, a coupling inner rotor 384, and a coupling outer rotor 386. The coupling outer rotor 386 can be disposed about the coupling can 382. The coupling can 382 can be disposed about the coupling inner rotor 384 (e.g., a sidewall of the coupling can 382 is disposed between the coupling inner rotor 384 and the coupling outer rotor 386). The coupling motor hub 396 can be coupled (e.g., attached) with the coupling outer rotor 386 and a shaft of the motor 398. The motor adapter 394 can be disposed between the motorized end cap 330 and the motor 398. The motor adapter 394 can be disposed about the magnetic coupling assembly 380 and the coupling motor hub 396 (e.g., and at least a portion of the shaft of the motor 398). The magnetic coupling assembly 380 can transfer rotation of the shaft 320 to the shaft of the motor 398 via the magnetic coupling assembly 380 (e.g., the coupling can 382, the coupling inner rotor 384, and the coupling outer rotor 386).

[0081] The inner motor can include an inner motor rotor 372 and an inner motor stator 374 disposed about the inner motor rotor 372. The rotor retention cap 376 can be disposed at the second distal end of the shaft 320 (e.g., the first distal end of the shaft 320 is attached to the rotor 310).

[0082] The magnetic coupling assembly 380 can include a coupling can 382 (e.g., a metal can, a titanium can, a plastic can, a ceramic can, a non-magnetic can, etc.), a coupling inner rotor 384, and a coupling outer rotor 386. In some embodiments, the PX 300 includes a pull rod 390, a motor adapter 394, and / or a coupling motor hub 396 (e.g., a metal piece with a set screw to attach to a motor shaft). Figure 3D A cross-sectional view of the PX 300 is shown, Figure 3E A cross-sectional view of the PX 300 is shown, and Figure 3F An exploded view of the magnetic coupling assembly 380 is shown.

[0083] Figures 3D-3E The PX 300 can be coupled to an external motor (e.g., the motor 398) via magnetic coupling (e.g., via the magnetic coupling assembly 380). The magnetic coupling assembly 380 can include an inner magnetic rotor (e.g., the coupling inner rotor 384), a can (e.g., the coupling can 382), and an outer magnetic rotor (e.g., the coupling outer rotor 386). The coupling can 382 is sealed with the static seal 340 (e.g., via a flange of the coupling can 382) from pressurized fluid. Torque is transferred from the coupling outer rotor 386 through the coupling can 382 to the coupling inner rotor 384 via magnetic force (e.g., eliminating the need for a dynamic shaft seal). Figures 3D-3E The PX 300 can exchange pressure between electrically conductive or non- conductive fluids (e.g., since the motor is not in contact with the fluid).

[0084] Figures 3D-3EPX 300 of the present disclosure can be an electrically powered pressure exchanger that includes a rotor 310 configured to exchange pressure between a first fluid and a second fluid, an electric end cap 330 forming a central bore, a shaft 320 including a first distal end coupled with the rotor 310 (e.g., passing through the central bore of the electric end cap), and a magnetic coupling assembly 380 coupled with the electric end cap 330 and a second distal end of the shaft 320.

[0085] The magnetic coupling assembly 380 can include a coupling can 382 disposed proximate the electric end cap 330.

[0086] The magnetic coupling assembly 380 can include a coupling inner rotor 384 disposed in an internal volume formed by the coupling can 382. The coupling inner rotor 384 can be coupled with the second distal end of the shaft 320. The magnetic coupling assembly 380 can include a coupling outer rotor 386 disposed about the coupling can 382. The coupling outer rotor 386 is coupled with an electric motor 398 (e.g., an external electric motor). The coupling outer rotor 386 is rotated by the coupling inner rotor 384 via magnetic force.

[0087] Figures 3D-3E The PX 300 of the present disclosure can include a coupling motor hub 396 configured to couple the coupling outer rotor 386 with the electric motor 398. Figures 3D-3E The PX 300 of the present disclosure can include an electric motor adapter 394 disposed about the coupling outer rotor 386.

[0088] Figures 3D-3E The PX 300 of the present disclosure can include a static seal 340 disposed between the coupling can 382 (e.g., a flange of the coupling can 382) and the electric end cap 330. The static seal can be disposed against the electric end cap 330 (e.g., between the coupling can 382 and the electric end cap 330) without being disposed proximate the shaft 320.

[0089] The PX 300 of the present disclosure improves performance while providing flow capacity for different applications (e.g., the seawater desalination industry, the refrigeration industry, the fracking industry, etc.). The present invention can be configured to enable a pressure exchanger to be applied to a refrigeration system (e.g., a transcritical carbon dioxide (CO2) refrigeration system). However, the present disclosure can be used for any application of a pressure exchanger in any field.

[0090] By providing a leak-proof seal (e.g., a substantially leak-proof seal), the present invention can use gaseous or multiphase fluids at high pressures in a pressure exchanger.

[0091] The present disclosure (e.g., one or more embodiments thereof) can improve in pressure range, efficiency, volume, and cost reduction, among others, as compared to conventional solutions. Figures 3A-3I

[0092] ​The foregoing description presents numerous specific details, such as examples of specific systems, components, methods, etc., in order to provide a good understanding of several embodiments of the present disclosure. However, it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that at least some embodiments of the present disclosure can be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known components or methods are not described in detail or are presented in simple block diagram format in order to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the present disclosure. Thus, the specific details set forth are merely exemplary. The specific implementation can vary from these examples and still be considered within the scope of the present disclosure. The description of a system herein can include a description of one or more optional components. The components can be included in combinations not specifically discussed in the present disclosure and still be within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0093] Reference throughout this specification to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment. Thus, the appearances of the phrase "in one embodiment" or "in an embodiment" in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the term "or" is intended to mean an inclusive "or" rather than an exclusive "or." That is, unless specified otherwise, or clear from the context, the phrase "X employs A or B" is intended to mean that the

[0094] The terms "over," "under," "between," "on," "before," "after," and "on top of," as used herein refer to relative positions of material layers or components with respect to other layers or components. For example, a layer that is disposed over, on, or under another layer can be in direct contact with the other layer, or can have one or more intervening layers. Also, a layer that is disposed between two layers can be in direct contact with the two layers, or can have one or more intervening layers. Similarly, unless explicitly stated otherwise, a feature disposed between two features can be in direct contact with the adjacent features, or can have one or more intervening layers or components.

[0095] It is to be understood that the above description is intended to be illustrative, and not restrictive. Many other embodiments will be apparent to those of skill in the art upon reading and understanding the above description. Therefore, the scope of the present disclosure should be determined with reference to the appended claims, along with the full range of equivalents to which such claims are entitled.

Claims

1. An electric pressure exchanger, comprising: A rotor configured to exchange pressure between a first fluid and a second fluid; An electric end cap, wherein the electric end cap has a central hole; A shaft, the shaft including a first distal end coupled to the rotor, wherein the shaft passes through the central bore of the electric end cap; and A static seal is disposed against the electric end cap to prevent fluid from the central orifice from leaving the electric pressure exchanger via the electric end cap.

2. The electric pressure exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The motor rotor is disposed in the internal volume of the electric end cap and is connected to the second distal end of the shaft; as well as A motor stator is disposed within the internal volume of the electric end cap and is arranged around the motor rotor.

3. The electric pressure exchanger according to claim 2, characterized in that, It also includes an end plate disposed adjacent to the electric end cap, wherein the motor rotor and the motor stator are disposed between the end plate and the electric end cap, and wherein the static seal is disposed between the end plate and the electric end cap.

4. The electric pressure exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a connecting tank disposed adjacent to the electric end cap, wherein the static seal is between the connecting tank and the electric end cap.

5. The electric pressure exchanger according to claim 4, characterized in that, Also includes: An inner rotor is disposed within the internal volume formed by the connecting tank, and the inner rotor is connected to the second distal end of the shaft; as well as A connecting outer rotor is disposed around the connecting tank body, wherein the connecting outer rotor is connected to a motor, and wherein the connecting outer rotor rotates via magnetic force through the connecting inner rotor.

6. The electric pressure exchanger according to claim 5, characterized in that, Also includes: A connecting motor hub, the connecting motor hub being configured to connect the connecting outer rotor to the motor; as well as A motor adapter, which is disposed around the connected outer rotor.

7. The electric pressure exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that, The static seal is disposed against the electric end cap, but not adjacent to the shaft.

8. An electric pressure exchanger, comprising: A rotor configured to exchange pressure between a first fluid and a second fluid; A shaft, the shaft including a first distal end connected to the rotor; Electric end cap, the electric end cap having an internal volume; and An internal motor is disposed within the internal volume and connected to the second distal end of the shaft.

9. The electric pressure exchanger according to claim 8, characterized in that, The internal motor includes: A motor rotor, the motor rotor being disposed within the internal volume of the electric end cap, the motor rotor being connected to the second distal end of the shaft; and A motor stator is disposed within the internal volume of the electric end cap and is arranged around the motor rotor.

10. The electric pressure exchanger according to claim 9, characterized in that, It also includes an end plate disposed adjacent to the electric end cap, wherein the motor rotor and the motor stator are disposed between the end plate and the electric end cap, and wherein the static seal is disposed between the end plate and the electric end cap.

11. The electric pressure exchanger according to claim 10, characterized in that, The shaft passes through the central hole of the electric end cap, and the static seal is configured to prevent fluid from the central hole from leaving the electric pressure exchanger via the electric end cap.

12. The electric pressure exchanger according to claim 8, characterized in that, It also includes a shaft seal disposed against the electric end cap, but not adjacent to the shaft.

13. The electric pressure exchanger according to claim 8, characterized in that, The internal motor is an internal frameless motor, configured to control the rotation of the rotor.

14. The electric pressure exchanger according to claim 8, characterized in that, The internal motor is either an induction motor or a permanent magnet motor.

15. An electric pressure exchanger, comprising: A rotor configured to exchange pressure between a first fluid and a second fluid; An electric end cap, wherein the electric end cap has a central hole; A shaft, the shaft including a first distal end coupled to the rotor, wherein the shaft passes through the central bore of the electric end cap; and A magnetic coupling assembly, which is connected to the electric end cap and the second distal end of the shaft.

16. The electric pressure exchanger according to claim 15, characterized in that, The magnetic coupling assembly includes a coupling tank disposed adjacent to the electric end cap.

17. The electric pressure exchanger according to claim 16, characterized in that, The magnetic connection assembly further includes: An inner rotor, disposed within the internal volume formed by the connecting tank, is connected to the second distal end of the shaft; and A connecting outer rotor is disposed around the connecting tank body, wherein the connecting outer rotor is connected to a motor, and wherein the connecting outer rotor rotates via magnetic force through the connecting inner rotor.

18. The electric pressure exchanger according to claim 17, characterized in that, Also includes: A connecting motor hub, the connecting motor hub being configured to connect the connecting outer rotor to the motor; as well as A motor adapter, which is disposed around the connected outer rotor.

19. The electric pressure exchanger according to claim 17, characterized in that, It also includes a static seal disposed between the connecting tank and the electric end cap.

20. The electric pressure exchanger according to claim 19, characterized in that, The static seal is disposed against the electric end cap, but not adjacent to the shaft.

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