Device and method for fast coupling detector carried by heading machine and rock mass

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of geophysical exploration, and provides a device and a method for fast coupling a geophone carried by a heading machine and a rock mass, the device comprises a coupling gasket, a mounting rack, a fixing piece, a geophone protection shell and a protection cover, the mounting rack is arranged on the side wall of a hobbing cutter box or a scraper back plate of the heading machine, and the geophone protection cover is arranged on the mounting rack. A coupling gasket is arranged between the mounting rack and the mounting area, and the mounting rack and the detector protection shell are matched with each other and are connected through a fixing piece; the detector protection shell is provided with a cavity used for accommodating a detector, and the protection cover is matched with the detector protection shell and can be arranged on the outer side of the detector protection shell in a sleeving mode. The detector is preposed to the cutter near the tunnel face, the seismic wave propagation path is shorter, the energy is stronger, and the detection precision is higher; real-time detection is carried out in the tunneling period of the tunneling machine, the tunneling machine does not need to stop working, and efficiency is improved; the tunneling noise is used as a passive source without additional seismic source equipment, so that the detection cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of geophysical exploration, specifically relating to a device and method for rapid coupling of a detector mounted on a tunnel boring machine with rock mass. Background Technology

[0002] The statements in this section are merely background information related to the present invention and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] In modern tunnel construction, tunnel boring machines (TBMs) are widely used in the excavation of various types of tunnels. When a TBM traverses complex geological structures, if it fails to accurately identify the geological information ahead, such as faults, weak surrounding rock, or other adverse geological conditions, it can easily lead to construction risks.

[0004] Traditional advanced forecasting methods often deploy detectors on sidewalls or shields, which presents several problems: weak reflected wave energy, long propagation paths leading to high-frequency attenuation, poor geometric illumination, and predominantly modal noise between the shield and equipment with poor coupling stability. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention proposes a device and method for rapid coupling of a seismic detector mounted on a tunnel boring machine with the rock mass. By comprehensively applying technologies such as the installation, protection, and signal acquisition of the seismic detector, this invention provides real-time and accurate geological information for tunnel construction, thereby preventing potential geological disasters.

[0006] According to some embodiments, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A device for rapid coupling of a detector mounted on a tunneling machine with rock mass includes a coupling gasket, a mounting bracket, a fixing component, a detector protective shell, and a protective cover, wherein: The mounting bracket is installed on the side wall of the cutter head box or the back plate of the scraper of the tunneling machine, and a coupling gasket is provided between the mounting bracket and the installation area; The mounting bracket and the detector protective housing are adapted to each other and connected by fasteners; The detector protective housing is provided with a cavity for accommodating the detector, and the protective cover is adapted to the detector protective housing and can be fitted onto the outside of the detector protective housing.

[0007] As an alternative implementation, the detector protective housing is configured such that when the detector is placed inside the detector protective housing, the sensitive axis of the detector is along the tool box axis / backplate and points towards the working face.

[0008] As an alternative implementation, the mounting bracket is rigidly connected to the cutter head sidewall or scraper backplate of the tunneling machine.

[0009] As an alternative implementation, the mounting bracket and the front edge of the working face maintain a safe clearance from the rotating or changing components.

[0010] As an alternative implementation, the coupling pad is an elastic element with a certain degree of flexibility / elasticity.

[0011] As an alternative implementation, the fixing element is a bolt or a hydraulic clamping device. When the fixing element is a bolt, the mounting bracket and the detector protective shell are provided with corresponding bolt holes. When the fixing element is a hydraulic clamping device, the mounting bracket and the detector protective shell are provided with corresponding clamping parts.

[0012] A rock mass detection system includes multiple devices and a processor. Each device is equipped with a geophone. All geophones communicate with a data acquisition system inside a tunnel boring machine via wireless communication. The data acquisition system transmits the acquired detection data to the processor. The processor is configured to select a pilot channel, using one of the cutter axial channels as a P-pilot and one scraper transverse channel as an S-pilot. The detection data was normalized. After cross-correlation and phase-weighted superposition of any channel under test with the P / S leader, wavefield processing and P-wave and S-wave separation are performed, and joint migration imaging is performed based on the separation results.

[0013] A rock mass detection method includes the following steps: Acquire detection data from multiple detectors; Select the pilot channel, using one of the hob axial channels as the P-pilot and one scraper transverse channel as the S-pilot; The detection data was normalized. After cross-correlation and phase-weighted superposition of any channel under test with the P / S leader, wavefield processing and P-wave and S-wave separation are performed, and joint migration imaging is performed based on the separation results.

[0014] As an alternative implementation method, the process of cross-correlation and phase-weighted superposition of any channel under test and the P / S leader includes: firstly, segmenting the leader sensor signal and the receiver sensor signal acquired over a certain period of time into segments according to a set time length, then performing cross-correlation interference processing on each segment, and finally performing vertical superposition to achieve interference enhancement of the seismic wave field in the tunneling direction and suppress incoherent noise.

[0015] As an alternative implementation method, the process of separating the P-waves and S-waves includes: filtering within a set range using the fk transform, refining the filtering by using the τ-p filtering method according to the arrival order of different waves, further eliminating the influence of interference waves, and obtaining the final P-wave and S-wave records for offset imaging.

[0016] As an alternative implementation method, the process of joint migration imaging includes first inverting the shear wave velocity field Vs, then constraining the P-wave velocity Vp with the shear wave velocity field Vs to obtain the Vp–Vs model, and using a velocity analysis method based on diffraction superposition and a migration imaging method based on equal travel time to realize seismic wave advance detection migration imaging.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The device provided by this invention consists of a high-strength mounting frame, a coupling assembly between the cutter head and the detector and the scraper seat and the detector, an impact-resistant sealing and protection assembly, a wireless data transmission and time synchronization module, an energy management module powered by the cutter head side, and an in-machine data acquisition and processing system. It is also designed with a protection device to adapt to harsh working environments to ensure that the detector continues to work normally during the tunnel boring machine excavation process.

[0018] This invention achieves directional sensitivity to different wave types through a longitudinal vibration detection component for the cutterhead and a transverse vibration detection component for the scraper seat: the cutter-side detector is rigidly / elastically coupled to the cutterhead, preferentially capturing longitudinal vibrations (P-wave predominance) along the tunneling direction; the scraper-side detector is installed on the scraper seat / tooth seat and implements tangential / radial vibration isolation and guidance, preferentially capturing transverse vibrations (S-wave predominance). Data processing employs joint inversion of longitudinal and transverse waves: first, the transverse wave velocity field Vs is inverted, and then the longitudinal wave velocity Vp is constrained and inverted using Vs to obtain a consistent elastic parameter model; based on the joint velocity model, migration / imaging is performed to achieve advanced prediction of adverse geological conditions such as faults, fracture zones, karst caves, and water-rich weak interlayers.

[0019] The detector of this invention is positioned in front of the cutting tool near the working face, resulting in a shorter seismic wave propagation path, stronger energy, and higher detection accuracy. Compared with traditional active seismic sources, it can be detected in real time during tunneling without stopping the tunneling machine, thus improving efficiency. Compared with traditional active seismic sources, tunneling noise is a passive source, eliminating the need for additional seismic source equipment and reducing detection costs.

[0020] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, preferred embodiments are described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0021] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the invention.

[0022] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of installing a seismic detector on the cutterhead of a tunneling machine; Figure 2 Schematic diagram of installing a seismic detector on the back plate of a tunneling machine scraper; Figure 3 Flowchart for seismic data processing with a geophone mounted on a tunnel boring machine; Wherein: 1 is the side wall of the cutter box; 2 is the coupling pad; 3 is the mounting bracket; 4 is the detector protective shell; 5 is the detector body; 6 is the protective cover; 7 is the scraper back plate. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0024] It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and intended to provide further explanation of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0025] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0026] Where there is no conflict, the embodiments and features described in this application may be combined with each other.

[0027] Example 1 This embodiment provides a device for rapid coupling of a geophone mounted on a tunnel boring machine with rock mass. The geophone is positioned near the cutter head at the face of the tunnel face, resulting in a shorter seismic wave propagation path and retention of high frequencies. The axial direction of the cutter head (P-wave) and the transverse direction of the scraper (S-wave) form a dual channel. A consistent velocity model is obtained by joint inversion according to the "Vs first, then Vp" method. Noise suppression is achieved by correlation superposition of the lead channel, thereby improving the signal-to-noise ratio. As the cutterhead advances, the geophone is always at the leading edge, avoiding frequent relocation and coupling fluctuations in the sidewall scheme. At the same time, the P / S dual wavefield is acquired and joint inversion and imaging are performed.

[0028] A device for rapid coupling of a detector mounted on a tunneling machine with rock mass includes a coupling pad 2, a mounting bracket 3, a fixing component, a detector protective shell 4, and a protective cover 6, wherein: The mounting frame 3 is set on the side wall 1 of the cutter box of the tunneling machine or the scraper back plate 7, and a coupling gasket 2 is provided between the mounting frame 3 and the installation area; The mounting bracket 3 and the detector protective housing 4 are adapted to each other and are connected by fasteners; The detector protective shell 4 is provided with a cavity for accommodating the detector body 5. The protective cover 6 is adapted to the detector protective shell 4 and can be fitted onto the outside of the detector protective shell 4.

[0029] like Figure 1 As shown, the detector is mounted on the side wall 1 of the hob cutter box. The sensitive axis of the detector body 5 is along the axis of the cutter box and points towards the working face. It is fastened with a special mounting base and forms a rigid force chain along the axis of the cutter box to preferentially sense the longitudinal load and the reflected wave returning near the normal direction. like Figure 2 As shown, on the scraper side, the detector body 5 is arranged on the scraper seat back plate so that the sensor sensitive axis is orthogonal to the tunneling axis, so as to fully sense the transverse shear response caused by cutting, thereby obtaining complementary observations with P-wave priority on the roller cutter and S-wave priority on the scraper. Both of the above locations require a safe clearance between the front edge of the working face and the rotating or changing components; The detector placed on the back plate of the cutter head or scraper seat forms a short and rigid mechanical channel through the contact force between the cutter and the rock mass via the cutter ring / blade—bearing / seat—cutter head / back plate. The structural vibration simultaneously includes self-excited / structural noise and medium reflected waves, which can be regarded as a simplified linear model: Hob axial channel:

[0030] Scraper transverse channel:

[0031] Where s(t) is the effective wave field in the preceding medium, h p / s (t) is the tool structure transfer function, n p / s (t) represents structural noise. Natural vibration and seismic waves are not directly equivalent, but under short-time conditions, h p / s (t) is approximately stable. Normalized cross-correlation can be performed between the pilot channel and each channel to extract stable relative arrival times and combine them with phase-weighted superposition for noise suppression. At the same time, the polarization difference between the roller axis (P) and the scraper lateral (S) is used to achieve wave field separation and complementary constraint, providing a high signal-to-noise ratio signal input and a reliable velocity model near the working face for subsequent joint inversion of Vs and constraint of Vp.

[0032] The mounting bracket 3 (which may also be referred to as the mounting base in some embodiments) is made of high-strength metal or alloy materials to ensure that it will not deform or loosen under high-intensity vibration and has good impact resistance.

[0033] The contact area between the mounting bracket 3 and the cutter head or scraper back plate is cushioned by elastic pads to prevent damage to the geophone due to severe vibration. The fixing device must meet seismic requirements to ensure that it will not loosen or fall off during tunneling.

[0034] To ensure the seismic detector is securely connected to the knife box or backplate, the coupling device uses a highly durable fastening device, such as bolts or hydraulic clamping devices, to ensure that it does not loosen during long-term use.

[0035] The metal base of the knife box or back plate is in rigid contact with the mounting base, supplemented by coupling gasket 2 (i.e. buffer pad) to achieve high-frequency decoupling and impact mitigation; to ensure that the seismic detector is firmly connected to the knife box or back plate, the contact surface is derusted and degreased.

[0036] The detector should be designed to be waterproof, dustproof, and shockproof to adapt to complex underground environments. A metal casing or impact-resistant material can be used to provide additional protection for the detector, preventing damage from geological pressure, mud, dust, etc.

[0037] The detector protective shell 4 and the protective cover 6 are movably connected, and the detector protective shell 4 has a cavity in the middle to accommodate the detector, thus protecting the detector. On the other hand, the protective cover 6 is mounted on the outside of the seismic detector to ensure that the detector is not affected by external impacts and wear. Mud discharge holes and guide ribs are provided to reduce mud accumulation.

[0038] The detectors on the cutterhead are connected to the data acquisition system inside the tunnel boring machine (TBM) via wireless signals. To ensure stable signal transmission, the detectors employ high-frequency wireless communication technology, ensuring clear and real-time signal transmission to the data acquisition system during the TBM's high-speed excavation.

[0039] To avoid mechanical and electromagnetic interference, the detector is isolated from other mechanical systems through a well-designed wireless network. The data transmission system employs encryption and frequency band allocation technologies to ensure that the signal is not affected by electromagnetic waves generated by other equipment during tunneling, thereby improving signal transmission quality and stability.

[0040] The geophone is powered by the tunnel boring machine's main battery system, ensuring that it operates continuously and stably throughout the tunneling process.

[0041] First, fix the mounting bracket 3 in the selected position, and then securely mount the seismic detector onto the knife box or backplate using the coupling device. During installation, ensure that the detector is in close contact with the surface of the knife box, and use the coupling device for fixation. Finally, assemble the detector protective shell onto the outside of the seismic detector.

[0042] After installation, all geophones require systematic commissioning and calibration. During commissioning, the response signal strength and frequency characteristics of each geophone are tested to ensure that it can accurately capture seismic wave signals from the tunneling process.

[0043] Example 2 A rock mass detection system includes multiple devices and a processor. Each device is equipped with a geophone. All geophones communicate with a data acquisition system inside a tunnel boring machine via wireless communication. The data acquisition system transmits the acquired detection data to the processor. The processor is configured to select a pilot channel, using one of the cutter axial channels as a P-pilot and one scraper transverse channel as an S-pilot. The detection data was normalized. After cross-correlation and phase-weighted superposition of any channel under test with the P / S leader, wavefield processing and P-wave and S-wave separation are performed, and joint migration imaging is performed based on the separation results.

[0044] The following section details data processing methods, such as... Figure 3 As shown, this includes selecting a lead sensor, normalization processing, cross-correlation interferometry, conventional seismic data processing methods, P-wave and S-wave separation, and joint migration imaging.

[0045] To fully utilize wave field complementarity, a pilot sensor is selected from multiple hob and scraper channels: the hob axial channel is used as the P-leader, and the scraper transverse channel is used as the S-leader. The signals from the lead sensor and each receiving sensor are normalized separately to eliminate irregular outliers between the sensors. Cross-correlation and phase-weighted superposition are performed on any channel under test and the P / S leader respectively. The leader sensor signal and the received sensor signal acquired over a long period of time are first segmented according to a certain time length, then cross-correlation interference processing is performed on each segment, and finally vertical superposition is performed to achieve interference enhancement of the seismic wave field in the tunneling direction and suppress incoherent noise. Conventional seismic data processing methods were used for wavefield processing, including first arrival time picking of direct waves from cross-correlation interferometric seismic records, direct wave velocity analysis, inter-trace energy equalization processing, spectrum analysis, and AGC amplitude compensation.

[0046] P-wave and S-wave separation is carried out. Wide-range filtering is performed by f-k transform to filter out high and low frequency noise components and initially achieve P-wave and S-wave separation. On this basis, the τ-p filtering method is used to refine the filtering according to the arrival order of different waves to further eliminate the influence of interference waves such as scattered waves and converted waves, and finally obtain the P-wave and S-wave records for migration imaging.

[0047] Joint migration imaging was carried out. First, Vs was inverted from S to time difference, and then Vp was inverted from P to time difference constrained by Vs to obtain a more accurate Vp–Vs model. A velocity analysis method based on diffraction superposition and a migration imaging method based on equal travel time were adopted to realize the advanced detection migration imaging of seismic waves by the detector mounted on the tunnel boring machine.

[0048] This embodiment prioritizes acquiring P-wave and S-wave information, obtaining a consistent velocity structure through P / S joint inversion, and using this as a reliable velocity model for migration imaging and anomaly characterization, thus achieving real-time advance prediction under complex geological conditions. This invention, through the comprehensive application of technologies such as seismic detector installation, protection, and signal acquisition, provides real-time and accurate geological information for tunnel construction, preventing potential geological disasters.

[0049] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made by those skilled in the art without creative effort within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for rapid coupling of a detector mounted on a tunneling machine with rock mass, characterized in that, Includes coupling gaskets, mounting brackets, fasteners, detector protective housings, and protective covers, wherein: The mounting bracket is installed on the side wall of the cutter head box or the back plate of the scraper of the tunneling machine, and a coupling gasket is provided between the mounting bracket and the installation area; The mounting bracket and the detector protective housing are adapted to each other and connected by fasteners; The detector protective housing is provided with a cavity for accommodating the detector, and the protective cover is adapted to the detector protective housing and can be fitted onto the outside of the detector protective housing.

2. The device for rapid coupling of a detector mounted on a tunnel boring machine with rock mass as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The detector protective housing is configured such that when the detector is placed inside the detector protective housing, the sensitive axis of the detector is along the tool box axis / back plate and points towards the working face.

3. The device for rapid coupling of a detector mounted on a tunnel boring machine with rock mass as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The mounting bracket is rigidly connected to the side wall of the cutter head box or the scraper back plate of the tunneling machine.

4. The device for rapid coupling of a detector mounted on a tunnel boring machine with rock mass as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The mounting bracket and the front edge of the working face maintain a safe clearance from the rotating or changing components.

5. The device for rapid coupling of a detector mounted on a tunnel boring machine with rock mass as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The coupling pad is an elastic element with a certain degree of flexibility / elasticity.

6. The device for rapid coupling of a detector mounted on a tunnel boring machine with rock mass as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The fixing component is a bolt or a hydraulic clamping device. When the fixing component is a bolt, the mounting bracket and the detector protective shell are provided with corresponding bolt holes. When the fixing component is a hydraulic clamping device, the mounting bracket and the detector protective shell are provided with corresponding clamping parts.

7. A rock mass detection system, characterized in that, The device includes a plurality of devices and a processor as described in any one of claims 1-6, each device having a detector, all detectors communicating with a data acquisition system inside the tunnel boring machine via wireless communication, the data acquisition system transmitting the acquired probe data to the processor, the processor being configured to select a pilot channel, using one of the cutter axial channels as a P-pilot and one scraper transverse channel as an S-pilot; The detection data was normalized. After cross-correlation and phase-weighted superposition of any channel under test with the P / S leader, wavefield processing and P-wave and S-wave separation are performed, and joint migration imaging is performed based on the separation results.

8. A rock mass detection method, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Acquire detection data from multiple detectors; Select the pilot channel, using one of the hob axial channels as the P-pilot and one scraper transverse channel as the S-pilot; The detection data was normalized. After cross-correlation and phase-weighted superposition of any channel under test with the P / S leader, wavefield processing and P-wave and S-wave separation are performed, and joint migration imaging is performed based on the separation results.

9. A rock mass detection method as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The process of cross-correlation and phase-weighted superposition of any channel under test and the P / S leader includes: first, segmenting the leader sensor signal and the received sensor signal acquired over a certain period of time into segments according to a set time length; then, performing cross-correlation interference processing on each segment; and finally, performing vertical superposition to achieve interference enhancement of the seismic wave field in the tunneling direction and suppress incoherent noise. Alternatively, the process of separating the P-wave and S-wave includes: filtering within a set range using the fk transform, refining the filtering using the τ-p filtering method according to the arrival order of different waves, further eliminating the influence of interference waves, and obtaining the final P-wave and S-wave records for migration imaging.

10. A rock mass detection method as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The process of joint migration imaging includes first inverting the shear wave velocity field Vs, then constraining the P-wave velocity Vp with the shear wave velocity field Vs to obtain the Vp–Vs model, and then using a velocity analysis method based on diffraction superposition and a migration imaging method based on equal travel time to realize the migration imaging of seismic wave advance detection.

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