Data reporting method, system and equipment of passive wireless high-reliability electronic transformer and medium

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of electronic transformers, and discloses a passive wireless high-reliability electronic transformer data reporting method, system and device and a medium, and the method comprises the steps: employing different reporting strategies for different types of transformer nodes when the residual electric quantity is lower than a threshold value; and the timeliness of data reporting and the power consumption are effectively balanced. For a mutual inductor node undertaking a core parameter monitoring task, basic report data is sent at the lowest report frequency, stable transmission of core data is ensured, and excessive power consumption is avoided at the same time; and for non-core parameter monitoring task nodes, temperature, voltage and current data are sent at a preset reporting frequency, so that the electric quantity loss is further reduced while important data are reported. And through a mode of temporarily storing other collected data, unnecessary data transmission is avoided, and the use efficiency of the electric quantity is improved. The reliability and the stability of the system are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electronic instrument transformer technology, and in particular to a data reporting method, system, device and medium for a passive wireless high-reliability electronic instrument transformer. Background Technology

[0002] Current passive wireless high-reliability electronic instrument transformers may suffer from signal interference, poor transmission protocol compatibility, or environmental factors affecting measurement accuracy in data reporting. Industrial environments, such as motors and frequency converters, generate electromagnetic interference, affecting the stability of wireless signals and leading to data loss or transmission delays. Furthermore, wireless sensors typically operate in the 2.4GHz or 5GHz frequency bands, making them susceptible to radio frequency interference from Wi-Fi and Bluetooth devices. In addition, obstacles such as metal walls and concrete structures can obstruct wireless signal transmission, causing signal attenuation or reflection interference, thus affecting the timeliness and accuracy of data reporting.

[0003] If a passive wireless electronic current transformer is powered by a battery, the transmission power of the electronic current transformer may decrease when the battery power is too low, which will lead to signal attenuation and affect the quality of data reporting. In addition, some unstable power supplies may also generate current fluctuations, which may interfere with the internal circuitry of the sensor and cause abnormal data transmission.

[0004] In large-scale applications, if multiple sensor nodes send data to the gateway simultaneously, network congestion may occur, leading to data loss or delay. If multiple sensors share the same channel for data transmission, channel contention will arise, resulting in packet collisions and loss. Furthermore, if the transmission distance exceeds the effective communication range of the wireless sensor, data transmission will fail.

[0005] Different wireless instrument transformers may use different communication protocols, such as Zigbee and LoRa. If devices using different protocols operate in the same network environment, communication failures may occur due to protocol incompatibility. Different protocols have different data encapsulation formats; without a suitable gateway or conversion mechanism, the data may not be correctly decoded and parsed, thus affecting the availability of reported data.

[0006] At present, with the rapid increase in the number of passive wireless high-reliability electronic instrument transformers, various problems in signal transmission cannot be solved in a short period of time. Therefore, it is necessary to propose a data reporting method for passive wireless high-reliability electronic instrument transformers. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In view of the aforementioned existing problems, the present invention is proposed.

[0008] Therefore, the present invention provides a data reporting method, system, device and medium for passive wireless high-reliability electronic instrument transformers, which can solve the problems of signal interference, poor transmission protocol compatibility, measurement accuracy affected by the environment, battery power affecting transmission quality, network congestion, channel contention, limited transmission distance and protocol incompatibility in the data reporting of passive wireless high-reliability electronic instrument transformers in the prior art.

[0009] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a data reporting method for a passive wireless high-reliability electronic instrument transformer, comprising: Based on the deployment location of passive wireless high-reliability electronic instrument transformers in the power system, a three-layer communication architecture consisting of instrument transformers, edge gateways, and the cloud is established. The edge gateway is used to receive data sent by multiple instrument transformers. Based on whether the current transformer is equipped with an energy harvesting device, current transformers are divided into continuously powered current transformers and battery powered current transformers. Based on the historical operating data of the power system, identify the power equipment that needs to be monitored, and obtain all the current transformer nodes directly associated with each key monitored power equipment. For each key monitored power equipment, based on the data redundancy relationship between the transformer nodes, the transformer node responsible for core parameter monitoring is determined from the associated transformer nodes, and the remaining transformer nodes are designated as nodes for non-core parameter monitoring. Set a first power threshold, minimum reporting frequency, and basic reported data content for the current transformer nodes that undertake core parameter monitoring tasks, and set a second power threshold for nodes that do not undertake core parameter monitoring tasks. When the remaining power of a current transformer node is lower than the power threshold set for that current transformer node, if the current transformer node belongs to the current transformer node responsible for core parameter monitoring, the basic reporting data will be sent to the connected edge gateway at the minimum reporting frequency.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the data reporting method for the passive wireless high-reliability electronic instrument transformer described in this invention, it further includes: If the current transformer node is a non-core parameter monitoring task node, the collected temperature, voltage and current data will be sent to the connected edge gateway according to the preset reporting frequency. In addition to the data sent, other collected data are temporarily stored in the local memory of the current transformer node until the data exceeds the preset time limit or the remaining power of the current transformer node recovers to above the power threshold. The preset reporting frequency is lower than the minimum reporting frequency.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the data reporting method for the passive wireless high-reliability electronic instrument transformer described in this invention, the basic reported data includes the core electrical parameters collected by the instrument transformer node, the instrument transformer node's own status information, and a timestamp. The core electrical parameters are determined based on the fault mechanisms of the key monitored power equipment; The collected temperature, voltage, and current data are encapsulated into communication protocol frames before being transmitted. A communication protocol frame consists of, in sequence, a frame start symbol, an address field, a frame start symbol, a control code, a data field length, a data field, a checksum, and a terminator.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the data reporting method for the passive wireless high-reliability electronic instrument transformer described in this invention, the instrument transformer node periodically sends connection requests to the connected edge gateway after startup. The connection request includes the transformer number, heartbeat interval, session hold flag, will message subject, will message content, will message retention flag, will message service quality level, login username and login password; After receiving a connection request, the edge gateway returns a connection confirmation to the transformer node.

[0013] This preferred solution ensures a stable and reliable connection between the current transformer node and the edge gateway.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the data reporting method for the passive wireless high-reliability electronic instrument transformer described in this invention, the process of determining key monitored power equipment includes: Acquire historical operating parameters, historical fault records, environmental condition data, and information on the installation location and data transmission quality of the power equipment and its associated instrument transformers; The acquired data is cleaned and time-aligned; The importance score of each power device is calculated based on multi-dimensional indicators, and power devices with an importance score higher than the preset standard are identified as key monitoring power devices.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the data reporting method for the passive wireless high-reliability electronic instrument transformer described in this invention, the process of determining the instrument transformer node responsible for monitoring core parameters based on data redundancy relationships includes: For each key monitored power device, identify the parameters that must be continuously monitored; If a certain parameter is collected by only one current transformer node, then that current transformer node is identified as the current transformer node responsible for monitoring the core parameter. If a certain parameter is collected by multiple instrument transformer nodes, then one or two instrument transformer nodes are selected as the instrument transformer nodes to undertake the core parameter monitoring task, depending on whether the instrument transformer nodes are installed in key parts of the power equipment body and the historical data transmission quality.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the data reporting method for the passive wireless high-reliability electronic current transformer described in this invention, the first power threshold and the second power threshold are set based on the power supply type of the current transformer. For battery-powered instrument transformers, the power threshold is also adjusted according to the temperature and humidity conditions of the environment in which the instrument transformer is located; The power threshold corresponding to the current transformer node that undertakes the core parameter monitoring task is higher than the power threshold corresponding to the non-core parameter monitoring task node.

[0017] Secondly, the present invention provides a data reporting system for a passive wireless high-reliability electronic instrument transformer, comprising: The architecture acquisition module is used to establish a three-layer communication architecture consisting of the instrument transformer, the edge gateway, and the cloud, based on the deployment location of the passive wireless high-reliability electronic instrument transformer in the power system. The edge gateway is used to receive data sent by multiple instrument transformers. The classification module is used to classify current transformers into continuously powered current transformers and battery powered current transformers based on whether they are equipped with energy harvesting devices. The node acquisition module is used to identify the power equipment that needs to be monitored based on the historical operating data of the power system, and to acquire all the current transformer nodes directly associated with each key monitored power equipment. For each key monitored power equipment, based on the data redundancy relationship between the transformer nodes, the transformer node responsible for core parameter monitoring is determined from the associated transformer nodes, and the remaining transformer nodes are designated as nodes for non-core parameter monitoring. The threshold acquisition module is used to set a first power threshold, minimum reporting frequency and basic reported data content for the current transformer nodes that undertake core parameter monitoring tasks, and to set a second power threshold for nodes that do not undertake core parameter monitoring tasks. The judgment operation module is used to determine the following when the remaining power of a current transformer node is lower than the power threshold set for that current transformer node: If the current transformer node is responsible for core parameter monitoring, it sends basic reporting data to the connected edge gateway at the minimum reporting frequency; if the current transformer node is not responsible for core parameter monitoring, it sends the collected temperature, voltage, and current data to the connected edge gateway at a preset reporting frequency. Except for the data sent, other collected data is temporarily stored in the local memory of the current transformer node until the data exceeds a preset time limit or the remaining power of the current transformer node recovers to above the power threshold. The preset reporting frequency is lower than the minimum reporting frequency.

[0018] Thirdly, the present invention provides an electronic device including a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the method described above.

[0019] Fourthly, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method described above.

[0020] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this invention are that it proposes a data reporting method for passive wireless high-reliability electronic instrument transformers. By employing different reporting strategies for different types of instrument transformer nodes when their remaining power is below a threshold, it effectively balances the timeliness of data reporting and power consumption. For instrument transformer nodes undertaking core parameter monitoring tasks, basic reporting data is sent at the lowest reporting frequency to ensure stable transmission of core data while avoiding excessive power consumption. For nodes undertaking non-core parameter monitoring tasks, temperature, voltage, and current data are sent at a preset reporting frequency, further reducing power consumption while ensuring the reporting of important data. Temporarily storing other collected data avoids unnecessary data transmission and improves power utilization efficiency. This invention improves the reliability and stability of the system. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the following description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a data reporting method for a passive wireless high-reliability electronic instrument transformer, as provided in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 The present invention provides a data reporting method for a passive wireless high-reliability electronic instrument transformer according to an embodiment of the present invention, and provides a flowchart of the MQTT protocol.

[0024] Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the design of a data reporting method for a passive wireless high-reliability electronic instrument transformer, as provided in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 4 The software flowchart of the protocol parser for a passive wireless high-reliability electronic instrument transformer data reporting method provided in one embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0026] Figure 5 This is an internal structure diagram of an electronic device for a passive wireless high-reliability electronic current transformer data reporting method provided in one embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0027] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0028] Example 1, referring to Figure 1 This is the first embodiment of the present invention, which provides a data reporting method for a passive wireless high-reliability electronic instrument transformer, including: This invention provides a method that can effectively solve the problems mentioned above. The following will describe in detail how to implement the data reporting method of the passive wireless high-reliability electronic instrument transformer with multiple embodiments. Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating a data reporting method for a passive wireless high-reliability electronic instrument transformer is shown, including: S101, based on the deployment location of the passive wireless high-reliability electronic instrument transformer in the power system, establishes a three-layer communication architecture consisting of the instrument transformer, the edge gateway, and the cloud. The edge gateway is used to receive data sent by multiple instrument transformers. S102. Based on whether the current transformer is equipped with an energy harvesting device, current transformers are divided into continuously powered current transformers and battery powered current transformers. S103, based on the historical operating data of the power system, identify the power equipment that needs to be monitored, and obtain all the current transformer nodes directly associated with each key monitored power equipment; In this embodiment of the invention, the mutual inductor node periodically sends connection requests to the connected edge gateway after startup; The connection request includes the transformer number, heartbeat interval, session hold flag, will message subject, will message content, will message retention flag, will message service quality level, login username and login password; After receiving a connection request, the edge gateway returns a connection confirmation to the transformer node.

[0029] In this embodiment of the invention, the process of determining key monitored power equipment includes: Acquire historical operating parameters, historical fault records, environmental condition data, and information on the installation location and data transmission quality of the power equipment and its associated instrument transformers; The acquired data is cleaned and time-aligned; The importance score of each power device is calculated based on multi-dimensional indicators, and power devices with an importance score higher than the preset standard are identified as key monitoring power devices.

[0030] In some embodiments, when identifying key monitored power equipment, the historical operating parameters, historical fault records, environmental condition data, and installation location and data transmission quality information of the associated instrument transformers are first acquired. Historical operating parameters include the rated voltage, current, capacity, real-time voltage and current fluctuations, load rate change curves, and operating duration statistics of each power device. This data originates from the databases of the power system SCADA and EMS systems. Historical fault records cover events such as short-circuit faults, insulation aging faults, and overheating faults that have occurred in the past 3 to 5 years. The records include the fault occurrence time, trigger threshold, impact range, and voltage, current, and temperature change trends one hour prior to the fault. This data comes from the anomaly logs of the power system fault information management system and the equipment online monitoring system. Environmental condition data includes the temperature, humidity, electromagnetic interference intensity, seasonal load changes, and historical grid dispatch instructions for the area where the equipment is located. For example, a 20% surge in the bus load rate of a substation during summer peak hours, or frequent switching of circuit breakers during winter off-peak periods. This information is provided by the environmental monitoring sensor network and historical records from the dispatch center. The data for the instrument transformers include whether the instrument transformer is installed in key locations such as transformer windings or circuit breaker arc-extinguishing chambers, its model parameters such as measurement range and accuracy class, and historical data transmission quality indicators such as data loss rate, latency rate, and number of communication failures. This data comes from the local storage module of the instrument transformer and the logs received by the edge gateway.

[0031] In some embodiments, after acquiring the aforementioned multi-source data, the data is cleaned and time-aligned. The cleaning process involves filling missing values ​​with the average operating parameters of similar equipment within the same time period, removing obviously abnormal data points such as voltage fluctuations exceeding ±15% based on the 3σ criterion, and standardizing parameters of different dimensions, such as temperature, current, and load rate, to values ​​within the range of 0 to 1. Time alignment ensures that the operating current, core temperature, ambient humidity, and most recent fault record of the same transformer at a given moment are under the same timestamp. For example, current data collected every 5 seconds by the SCADA system and temperature and humidity data uploaded every minute by environmental sensors are aligned to a unified time series using interpolation to ensure the accuracy of subsequent analysis.

[0032] In some embodiments, after data preprocessing, the importance score of each power device is calculated based on multi-dimensional indicators. The scoring model adopts a three-dimensional weighted structure of "fault impact + operational criticality + load volatility". Fault impact is quantified by multiplying the power outage duration caused by the fault by the number of affected users and then by the economic loss coefficient. For example, if a circuit breaker fault at a hub substation causes a 4-hour power outage affecting 20,000 households, and the economic loss coefficient is set to 1.2, then this item scores 96. Operational criticality is calculated based on the core position of the equipment in the power grid topology, the proportion of annual operating time, and maintenance dependence. For example, a main busbar connecting three 220kV substations has a high topological core position, an annual operating time of 8,700 hours, and requires a complete power outage for maintenance, thus its operational criticality score is high. Load volatility is determined by the standard deviation of the monthly average load rate fluctuation and the seasonal load change amplitude. For example, if the load rate of a distribution transformer surges from 30% to 95% during the peak summer season, the load volatility score will increase significantly. The three indicators are weighted and summed with weights of 0.4, 0.3, and 0.3 respectively to obtain the overall importance score.

[0033] In some embodiments, power equipment with a comprehensive importance score higher than a preset standard is identified as key monitored power equipment. The preset standard is dynamically set according to the power grid level, with a threshold of 85 points for ultra-high voltage transmission systems and 70 points for regional distribution networks. Two special cases are also added: equipment that has experienced two or more similar faults within the past year is included in key monitoring even if its score does not reach the threshold; for example, a 110kV circuit breaker experiencing two consecutive opening and closing failures within six months. Key hub equipment in the power grid topology, such as the outlet busbar of a large power plant or inter-regional interconnection transformers, are directly listed as monitoring objects regardless of their score. The final list of key monitored equipment is formed, specifying the equipment name, installation location, rated parameters, comprehensive score, and reasons for inclusion, providing a basis for subsequent task allocation for instrument transformer nodes.

[0034] Among them, the key monitored power equipment refers to the equipment in the power system that requires priority to ensure the continuity and reliability of data collection due to serious consequences of faults, critical operating status, or drastic load fluctuations.

[0035] S104. For each key monitored power equipment, based on the data redundancy relationship between the transformer nodes, determine the transformer node that undertakes the core parameter monitoring task from the associated transformer nodes, and the remaining transformer nodes are designated as non-core parameter monitoring task nodes. In this embodiment of the invention, the process of determining the current transformer node responsible for monitoring core parameters based on data redundancy relationships includes: For each key monitored power device, identify the parameters that must be continuously monitored; If a certain parameter is collected by only one current transformer node, then that current transformer node is identified as the current transformer node responsible for monitoring the core parameter. If a certain parameter is collected by multiple instrument transformer nodes, then one or two instrument transformer nodes are selected as the instrument transformer nodes to undertake the core parameter monitoring task, depending on whether the instrument transformer nodes are installed in key parts of the power equipment body and the historical data transmission quality.

[0036] S105 sets a first power threshold, minimum reporting frequency, and basic reported data content for the current transformer nodes that undertake core parameter monitoring tasks, and sets a second power threshold for nodes that do not undertake core parameter monitoring tasks. In this embodiment of the invention, the basic reported data includes the core electrical parameters collected by the current transformer node, the current transformer node's own status information, and a timestamp. The core electrical parameters are determined based on the fault mechanisms of the key monitored power equipment; The collected temperature, voltage, and current data are encapsulated into communication protocol frames before being sent. A communication protocol frame consists of, in sequence, a frame start symbol, an address field, a frame start symbol, a control code, a data field length, a data field, a checksum, and a terminator.

[0037] In this embodiment of the invention, the setting of the first power threshold and the second power threshold is based on the power supply type of the current transformer; For battery-powered instrument transformers, the power threshold is also adjusted according to the temperature and humidity conditions of the environment in which the instrument transformer is located; The power threshold corresponding to the current transformer node that undertakes the core parameter monitoring task is higher than the power threshold corresponding to the non-core parameter monitoring task node.

[0038] In some embodiments, when setting the power threshold, for battery-powered transformers, the power threshold is dynamically adjusted not only based on their power supply type but also considering the temperature and humidity conditions of the transformer's environment. For example, when the transformer is deployed in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment, such as when the temperature in an outdoor substation in summer is consistently above 40 degrees Celsius and the relative humidity exceeds 85%, the internal chemical reaction of the battery accelerates and the self-discharge rate increases significantly. In this case, the second power threshold needs to be increased to 30% of the rated power to reserve sufficient power to maintain basic communication functions. In a conventional indoor power distribution room environment, where the temperature is maintained at 25 degrees Celsius and the humidity is below 60%, the battery performance is stable, and the second power threshold can be set to 20% of the rated power. The environmental temperature and humidity data are collected in real time by the environmental sensors built into the transformer, and the threshold is calibrated quarterly to ensure that the threshold setting matches the actual energy consumption.

[0039] In some embodiments, the power threshold configurations for core and non-core parameter monitoring task nodes are further differentiated. Transformer nodes, responsible for collecting key parameters directly affecting equipment safety such as transformer winding current and circuit breaker arc-extinguishing chamber temperature, must ensure continuous reporting of basic data even under low power conditions. Therefore, their first power threshold is set higher than that of non-core nodes. For example, for battery-powered core nodes, the first power threshold is set to 30% of the rated power, while the second power threshold for non-core nodes under the same environment is only 20%. For core nodes using lithium thionyl chloride batteries, due to the excellent low-temperature performance but high cost of these batteries, the first power threshold is further increased to 35% to meet energy reserve requirements under extreme operating conditions. This differentiated setting ensures that the availability of the core monitoring link is prioritized when the overall system power is limited.

[0040] Here, the power threshold refers to the critical value at which the current transformer node triggers a specific data reporting strategy when the remaining power is lower than this value. This value directly determines the behavior mode and data transmission priority of the node in a low-power state.

[0041] S106 When the remaining power of the current transformer node is lower than the power threshold set for the current transformer node, if the current transformer node belongs to the current transformer node undertaking the core parameter monitoring task, the basic reporting data is sent to the connected edge gateway at the minimum reporting frequency.

[0042] In embodiments of the present invention, it further includes: If the current transformer node is a non-core parameter monitoring task node, the collected temperature, voltage and current data will be sent to the connected edge gateway according to the preset reporting frequency. In addition to the data sent, other collected data are temporarily stored in the local memory of the current transformer node until the data exceeds the preset time limit or the remaining power of the current transformer node recovers to above the power threshold. The preset reporting frequency is lower than the minimum reporting frequency.

[0043] In some embodiments, if the current transformer node is a non-core parameter monitoring task node, the collected temperature, voltage, and current data are sent to the connected edge gateway at a preset reporting frequency. For example, a current transformer deployed at the end of a 10kV distribution line is only used for auxiliary load statistics and does not participate in the main protection logic. It is classified as a non-core node, and its preset reporting frequency is set to upload the effective value of the three-phase current and the ambient temperature once every 30 minutes. This frequency is significantly lower than the minimum reporting frequency of once every 10 minutes specified by the system, in order to reduce communication power consumption and extend battery life. The reported content is strictly limited to three basic operating parameters: temperature, voltage, and current. Other high-dimensional data, such as harmonic content, instantaneous power factor, and transient overvoltage waveforms, are not within the scope of regular reporting.

[0044] In some embodiments, in addition to the data transmitted as described above, other collected data is temporarily stored in the local memory of the transformer node until the data exceeds a preset time limit or the remaining power of the transformer node recovers to above the power threshold. For example, the non-core transformer caches raw voltage waveform segments sampled every 5 seconds and the total harmonic distortion rate calculated every minute in its local Flash memory. However, since the current power is only 18% of the rated power, which is lower than the second power threshold of 20%, the transmission of these non-critical data to the edge gateway is suspended. When the photovoltaic charging module restores the power to 22% on a future day, the system automatically triggers the retransmission mechanism to upload the cached data that has not expired in batches according to time order. If the data is stored locally for more than the preset time limit of 72 hours, it is discarded regardless of whether the power has recovered, to avoid invalid data occupying storage resources.

[0045] The preset reporting frequency here refers to the time interval at which non-core parameter monitoring task nodes actively upload specified basic parameters to the edge gateway when the power is low or the normal operating state. This frequency is uniformly configured by the system according to the device role, power supply method and network load, and the value is strictly lower than the global constraint value of the minimum reporting frequency.

[0046] Example 2, refer to Figures 2-4 Based on the above embodiments, a specific implementation method for data reporting of a passive wireless high-reliability electronic instrument transformer can be designed as follows: Based on the distribution information of passive wireless high-reliability electronic instrument transformers in the power system, a sensor-edge gateway-cloud layered architecture is built, with the edge gateway receiving data from multiple instrument transformers nearby. Furthermore, based on whether or not they have energy harvesting devices, the passive wireless high-reliability electronic current transformers can be classified into two types: continuous power supply type and battery power supply type. Furthermore, historical operating data of the power system is analyzed, and key monitoring equipment and all corresponding instrument transformer nodes are selected based on the analysis results. For each key monitoring equipment, all critical instrument transformer nodes are selected based on the characteristics of redundant data. According to the power supply type, a first preset power threshold, minimum reporting frequency, and basic reported data are set for each critical instrument transformer node. For ordinary instrument transformers other than critical instrument transformer nodes, different second preset power thresholds are set based on the power supply type and operating environment parameters of passive wireless high-reliability electronic instrument transformers. Furthermore, when the remaining power of a critical current transformer node is less than the first preset power threshold, basic reporting data is periodically sent to the edge gateway at the minimum reporting frequency. When the remaining power of a regular current transformer is less than the corresponding second preset power threshold, the collected temperature, voltage, and current data are generated into corresponding communication protocol frames and sent to the edge gateway at the preset reporting frequency. The edge gateway first performs local caching and preprocessing, and then reports to the cloud in batches according to priority. The remaining collected data is temporarily stored in the current transformer's memory until the corresponding time period for the collected data ends or the current transformer's power is restored. The preset reporting frequency is less than the minimum reporting frequency.

[0047] It should be noted that the step of analyzing historical operating data of the power system is the core decision-making link of the entire data reporting method. This aims to establish a differentiated control system for power thresholds, reporting frequencies, and data ranges by deeply mining historical operating data and combining it with the power supply characteristics and operating environment differences of instrument transformers. This step achieves precise and energy-efficient control of instrument transformer data reporting through a progressive logic of "data analysis → key equipment screening → key node location → threshold and reporting rule configuration," ensuring both core monitoring needs are met and unnecessary energy consumption is reduced.

[0048] Furthermore, the collected data needs to cover the entire chain of the power system, from "equipment operation to fault records to environmental impact," specifically including: The basic data for equipment operation specifically includes the rated parameters (rated voltage, current, capacity), historical operating parameters (real-time voltage / current fluctuation values, load rate change curves, and running time statistics) of each power equipment (such as transformers, circuit breakers, disconnect switches, busbars, etc.), maintenance records (maintenance cycle, fault repair time, and information on replaced parts), etc., which are sourced from the historical databases of the power system SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) and EMS (Energy Management System).

[0049] Furthermore, the fault and anomaly data specifically include equipment fault types (such as short circuit faults, insulation aging faults, and overheating faults) from the past 3-5 years, fault occurrence time, fault trigger threshold, fault impact range (such as whether it caused regional power outages or chain reactions of related equipment), and pre-fault operating status data (such as voltage and current fluctuations and temperature change trends 1 hour before the fault). The data are sourced from the power system fault information management system (FIMS) and the abnormal event logs of the equipment online monitoring system.

[0050] Furthermore, the environmental and operating condition related data specifically includes environmental parameters of the equipment installation location (such as the distribution of high temperature, high humidity, and strong electromagnetic interference areas), seasonal load change data (such as summer peak load and winter low load), and historical data of power grid dispatch instructions (such as equipment switching frequency and load adjustment range), which are sourced from environmental monitoring sensor networks and historical dispatch records of the power grid dispatch center.

[0051] Furthermore, the specific data associated with the current transformers includes the installation location of each current transformer (corresponding to the associated power equipment), model parameters (measurement range, accuracy class, power consumption characteristics), historical data transmission quality (such as data loss rate, latency rate), and historical power consumption curves, etc., which are sourced from the local storage module of the current transformer and the historical received logs of the edge gateway.

[0052] Furthermore, to ensure the accuracy of the analysis results, the collected data needs to be preprocessed before multi-dimensional analysis methods are used to extract key information: First, data quality is improved through operations such as missing value imputation (using the average of data from similar devices within the same time period), outlier removal (removing data exceeding a reasonable range based on the 3σ criterion), and data standardization (converting parameters of different dimensions to standardized values ​​within the [0,1] interval). Simultaneously, time-series alignment is performed to ensure that operational, fault, and environmental data for the same device correspond one-to-one over time. Based on this, a three-dimensional analysis model of "fault impact analysis + operational criticality analysis + load fluctuation analysis" is adopted. Fault impact is quantified by "fault-induced power outage duration × number of affected users × economic loss coefficient"; operational criticality is quantified by "equipment's core position in the power grid topology (e.g., whether it is a hub transformer) × operating time percentage × maintenance dependence"; and load fluctuation is quantified by "monthly average load rate fluctuation standard deviation × seasonal load change amplitude". A weighted summation (with weights set according to power grid operation priority, e.g., hub power grid fault impact weight 0.4, operational criticality weight 0.3, and load fluctuation weight 0.3) yields the comprehensive importance score for each device.

[0053] It should be noted that, based on the above comprehensive importance score and in combination with the matching relationship between the current transformer and the equipment, the key monitoring equipment and the corresponding current transformer nodes are selected to ensure full monitoring coverage of the core equipment.

[0054] Furthermore, a comprehensive importance score threshold is set (this threshold can be dynamically adjusted according to the power grid level, such as 85 points for ultra-high voltage power grids and 70 points for regional distribution networks), and equipment with scores higher than the threshold is identified as key monitoring equipment. Two additional categories of equipment in special circumstances are also included in the key monitoring scope: preferably, equipment that has experienced two or more similar faults within the past year, even if its comprehensive score does not reach the threshold, is still included in key monitoring to avoid serious impacts caused by repeated faults. Key hub equipment in the power grid topology (such as busbars connecting multiple substations and circuit breakers at the output of large generator units) are directly included in key monitoring regardless of their score to ensure overall power grid connectivity. After screening, a list of key monitoring equipment is generated, specifying the equipment name, installation location, rated parameters, comprehensive importance score, and reasons for inclusion.

[0055] Furthermore, the selection of current transformer nodes is based on the core principle of fully covering equipment monitoring needs. Combining the installation location and measurement functions of the current transformers, the specific selection steps are as follows: Extract the matching instrument transformer information of each device in the "List of Key Monitoring Equipment" and initially include the instrument transformers that are directly installed on the device body (such as the current transformer of the transformer winding and the voltage transformer of the circuit breaker) or on the busbar or outgoing terminal directly associated with the device into the corresponding device's instrument transformer node pool.

[0056] Verify whether the measurement functions of the instrument transformer match the core monitoring requirements of the equipment. For example, for transformers, it is necessary to ensure that the instrument transformer covers the measurement of core parameters such as winding current, core temperature, and tank pressure; for circuit breakers, it is necessary to ensure that the instrument transformer covers the measurement of key parameters such as opening and closing current, arc-extinguishing chamber temperature, and port voltage, and eliminate redundant instrument transformers with mismatched functions.

[0057] Query the historical operating data of the instrument transformers and remove those with a data loss rate exceeding 5%, a latency rate exceeding 100ms, or three or more communication failures within the past six months to ensure that the included instrument transformer nodes have stable data acquisition and transmission capabilities.

[0058] It should be noted that, through the above steps, a key monitoring equipment-transformer node correspondence table is formed, which clarifies the transformer number, installation location, measurement parameters, reliability rating, and other information associated with each key monitoring equipment.

[0059] Furthermore, for the current transformer nodes corresponding to key monitoring equipment, critical nodes are screened based on the characteristics of redundant data, distinguishing between critical and ordinary nodes.

[0060] Furthermore, redundant data characteristics refer to the redundancy, complementarity, and fault tolerance of data collected by multiple instrument transformers, which can be analyzed from the following dimensions: Data redundancy: Calculate the Pearson correlation coefficient of the same measurement parameter (such as the A-phase current of a transformer) collected from different current transformers. A correlation coefficient ≥ 0.9 is considered highly redundant, and a correlation coefficient ≤ 0.7 is considered low redundant.

[0061] Analyze the coverage of parameters collected by current transformers. If a current transformer collects core parameters that are not covered by other current transformers (such as transformer core temperature being measured by only one current transformer), then the complementarity is extremely high. If the collected parameters are all conventional parameters that are covered by other current transformers (such as line voltage being measured by multiple current transformers simultaneously), then the complementarity is low.

[0062] By mining historical fault data, we can analyze whether a fault in a current transformer will lead to the interruption of monitoring of that parameter (without other current transformers to replace it). If it will, the fault correlation is high, and vice versa.

[0063] Instrument transformers installed in core parts of equipment (such as inside transformer windings or near the arc-extinguishing chamber of circuit breakers) can collect data that more directly reflects the core status of the equipment, and their location is more critical than that of instrument transformers installed in auxiliary parts (such as equipment casings or the ends of outgoing cables).

[0064] Then, using key monitoring equipment as the unit, select critical instrument transformer nodes according to the following steps: Furthermore, by combining the equipment failure mechanism, the core monitoring parameters of each key monitoring equipment are determined (such as the core parameters of transformers being winding current, core temperature, and insulating oil dielectric loss; and the core parameters of circuit breakers being opening and closing current, arc-extinguishing chamber temperature, and insulation resistance), and the "mandatory monitoring" attribute of each core parameter is clarified.

[0065] Furthermore, for each core parameter, if it is collected by only one current transformer (low redundancy, high complementarity), then that current transformer is directly identified as a critical node; if it is collected by multiple current transformers (high redundancy), then based on the criticality of the installation location, 1-2 current transformers installed in the core area and with the highest historical reliability rating are selected as critical nodes, and the rest are designated as ordinary nodes.

[0066] Furthermore, for the key nodes that have been initially screened, verify the collaborative coverage capability of their collected parameters to ensure that there are no blind spots in the monitoring of core parameters. At the same time, eliminate redundant nodes with duplicate collected parameters and non-core locations to avoid an excessive number of key nodes that would lead to increased energy consumption.

[0067] Furthermore, we simulated critical node failure scenarios to verify whether the remaining nodes could cover the monitoring of core parameters. If there were monitoring blind spots, we selected highly reliable and complementary nodes from the ordinary nodes to be included in the critical nodes to ensure monitoring continuity under failure conditions.

[0068] Furthermore, after the screening is completed, a list of key / ordinary current transformer nodes is generated, which clarifies the node type, the key monitoring equipment to which it belongs, the core acquisition parameters, the redundancy characteristic rating, and other information.

[0069] Furthermore, after node division, differentiated power thresholds, reporting frequencies, and basic reporting data can be configured based on the power supply type of the current transformer (continuous power supply type, battery power supply type) and the node type (critical, ordinary) to achieve a balance between energy consumption and monitoring needs.

[0070] It should be noted that key instrument transformer nodes must ensure continuous monitoring of core parameters, and their configuration must adhere to the principle of "maximum monitoring continuity with minimum energy consumption." The first preset power threshold is set as follows: For continuously powered instrument transformers (equipped with energy harvesting devices such as electromagnetic induction and solar energy), due to their stable power supply, the first preset power threshold is set to 20% of the rated power (to handle scenarios where energy harvesting is temporarily interrupted); for battery-powered instrument transformers, due to their limited power supply, the first preset power threshold is set to 30% of the rated power (to reserve more power to ensure core data transmission). The threshold can be dynamically adjusted according to the battery type, such as setting the threshold to 35% for lithium thionyl chloride batteries and 25% for alkaline batteries.

[0071] The minimum reporting frequency is set based on the changing characteristics of core parameters to ensure timely detection of abnormal fluctuations. For example, dynamic parameters such as transformer winding current and circuit breaker opening and closing current are reported at a minimum frequency of 1 time / second; slowly changing parameters such as core temperature and insulating oil temperature are reported at a minimum frequency of 1 time / minute. Simultaneously, when parameter fluctuations exceed preset thresholds (e.g., current fluctuations ±5%), high-frequency reporting (10 times / second) is automatically triggered, returning to the minimum frequency after the fluctuation subsides.

[0072] The basic data reporting settings include all core acquisition parameters of the node (such as the A / B / C phase current of the winding, core temperature, and insulating oil pressure of key transformer nodes), node status parameters (remaining power, operating status code), and timestamps, to ensure that the cloud can fully grasp the core status of the equipment and the operating status of the node.

[0073] Ordinary instrument transformer nodes are configured with parameters that differ from those of critical nodes, based on the principle of "energy saving first, ensuring basic monitoring". The second preset power threshold setting is comprehensively set based on the power supply type and operating environment parameters (temperature, humidity, electromagnetic interference intensity). For continuous power supply type ordinary nodes, the threshold is set to 15% of the rated power; for battery-powered type ordinary nodes, the threshold is adjusted according to the severity of the environment. For example, in high-temperature and high-humidity environments (temperature ≥40℃, humidity ≥85%), the threshold is set to 30% (high energy consumption), and in normal environments, the threshold is set to 20%. Environmental parameters are collected in real time by the environmental sensors integrated into the current transformer, and the thresholds can be dynamically calibrated quarterly.

[0074] A preset reporting frequency is set, which is lower than the minimum reporting frequency for critical nodes. For example, dynamic parameters are set to once every 10 seconds, and slowly changing parameters are set to once every 5 minutes. This ensures that channel resources are reserved for data transmission at critical nodes when power is sufficient, and further reduces energy consumption when power is insufficient.

[0075] Based on the data reporting settings, only the most critical basic electrical parameters (collected temperature, collected voltage, collected current) and the remaining power of the nodes are reported to reduce data transmission volume and thus reduce energy consumption. Other non-basic data (such as auxiliary part temperature and non-critical phase voltage) are temporarily stored in local memory and will be re-transmitted after the power is restored or automatically deleted after the validity period ends (the validity period is set according to the parameter type, such as 24 hours for auxiliary temperature).

[0076] Furthermore, after setting the reporting method, this invention also improves the communication protocol of the passive wireless high-reliability electronic instrument transformer. The passive wireless high-reliability electronic instrument transformer uses MQTT v3.1.1 or a higher version of the communication protocol to connect to the cloud platform via WiFi (IEEE 802.11 series) or 4G LTE. The cloud platform acts as a message broker center, responsible for message routing and storage. The passive wireless high-reliability electronic instrument transformer acts as the data reporting party. The maintenance terminal acts as the command issuing party. MQTT is a lightweight communication protocol based on a publish / subscribe model, built on top of TCP / IP. Compared to connectionless UDP, MQTT provides a more reliable connection service. Compared to HTTP, MQTT is more advantageous for transmitting small amounts of data in low-bandwidth network environments, making it particularly suitable for IoT applications. The MQTT protocol not only has high throughput and high transmission guarantees but also a short specification, enabling data transmission at minimal cost. MQTT establishes connections and communication by exchanging control messages with the server. Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the MQTT protocol.

[0077] The client sends a connection request to the server (see Table 1 for the CONNECT message). When the server receives the connection request, it sends a connection confirmation (CONNACK message) to the client.

[0078] Table 1 CONNECT messages

[0079] The client identifier must be unique. The client identifier rules for passive wireless high-reliability electronic current transformers are shown in Table 2.

[0080] Table 2 Client Identification Rules

[0081] The client sends a message to the server via a PUBLISH message. After receiving the message from the client, the server replies with a PUBACK message.

[0082] Table 3 PUBLISH messages

[0083] Each passive wireless high-reliability electronic instrument transformer subscribes to the maintenance control instruction issuance topic, and the maintenance terminal needs to subscribe to the status reporting topic of each passive wireless high-reliability electronic instrument transformer. The topic naming rules are shown in Table 4.

[0084] Table 4. Subject Naming Rules

[0085] Furthermore, each multi-user meter system connects as a client, and the IoT platform also accesses the server as a client. Once a network connection is established, the client sends a CONNECT message to the MQTT server containing the username, password, will, and session cleanup settings. If the server verifies the connection, it returns a CONNACK message and creates a session; otherwise, it will not respond and the client will close the connection directly. After establishing a session connection, the client can initiate publish and subscribe requests to the server. Publish requests send messages to the server for storage according to specific topics. When other clients subscribe to the corresponding topics, the server can forward the messages to the subscribed clients. This is how the publish / subscribe pattern works.

[0086] Furthermore, MQTT sets a Quality of Service (QoS) level when publishing messages, transmitting messages at three different levels: At Most Once, At Least Once, and Only Once. This tiered transmission mechanism not only provides guarantees for messages of different importance but also prevents channel congestion. In addition, the MQTT protocol has a will mechanism, allowing clients to send pre-defined will messages to clients subscribed to specific topics when an abnormal connection is lost, promptly notifying user clients of the disconnection and improving system reliability. However, MQTT's will messages can only be forwarded to online devices and cannot completely solve the disconnection problem. Therefore, the proposed hardware device needs to design a complete disconnection detection and reconnection software to ensure connection stability. The design flowchart is as follows. Figure 3 As shown.

[0087] Furthermore, when passive wireless high-reliability electronic instrument transformers and maintenance terminals send messages, a quality of service (QoS) policy needs to be configured. The QoS policy is shown in Table 4.

[0088] Table 4 Server Quality of Service (QoS) Policy

[0089] The data body uses JSON format, and the specific key-value pairs are defined below.

[0090] Furthermore, the passive wireless high-reliability electronic instrument transformer should report its status to the operation and maintenance platform at least once every 60 seconds. This embodiment takes reporting only temperature, voltage and current as an example and proposes a definition of the status data body of the passive wireless high-reliability electronic instrument transformer, as shown in Table 5.

[0091] Table 5. Definition of Status Data Body for Passive Wireless High-Reliability Electronic Instrument Transformers

[0092] Traditional client and web-based command systems are almost identical in function. To improve software modularity, MQTT transmission uses the same protocol frames as RS-485 communication, and a protocol parser has been established for this purpose. The software flowchart of the protocol parser is as follows. Figure 4 As shown.

[0093] First, since the data formats received via interrupts for the three communication methods (485, NB-IoT, and Cat-1) are different, the received data needs to be preprocessed and buffered separately. To save stack space, the protocol parser only allocates space for parsing when data is received. The entire protocol is based on the "Multi-functional Energy Meter Communication Protocol" (DL-T 645-2007) and a customized application-layer communication protocol suitable for multi-user power systems is defined, the specific structure of which is shown in Table 6.

[0094] Table 6 Communication Protocol Frame Structure

[0095] It should be noted that the parser first verifies the start and end symbols of the protocol frame to quickly confirm the correctness and integrity of the protocol, thus improving parsing efficiency. The protocol parser identifies and decodes different layers of protocols by analyzing information such as the protocol header and data fields in network data packets. During development, it can capture and analyze network data packets, diagnose network faults, and identify and resolve network bottlenecks, thereby improving network reliability and performance.

[0096] Example 3, referring to Figure 5 This embodiment also provides a data reporting system for a passive wireless high-reliability electronic instrument transformer, including: The architecture acquisition module is used to establish a three-layer communication architecture consisting of the instrument transformer, the edge gateway, and the cloud, based on the deployment location of the passive wireless high-reliability electronic instrument transformer in the power system. The edge gateway is used to receive data sent by multiple instrument transformers. The classification module is used to classify current transformers into continuously powered current transformers and battery powered current transformers based on whether they are equipped with energy harvesting devices. The node acquisition module is used to identify the power equipment that needs to be monitored based on the historical operating data of the power system, and to acquire all the current transformer nodes directly associated with each key monitored power equipment. For each key monitored power equipment, based on the data redundancy relationship between the transformer nodes, the transformer node responsible for core parameter monitoring is determined from the associated transformer nodes, and the remaining transformer nodes are designated as nodes for non-core parameter monitoring. The threshold acquisition module is used to set a first power threshold, minimum reporting frequency and basic reported data content for the current transformer nodes that undertake core parameter monitoring tasks, and to set a second power threshold for nodes that do not undertake core parameter monitoring tasks. The judgment operation module is used to determine the following when the remaining power of a current transformer node is lower than the power threshold set for that current transformer node: If the current transformer node is responsible for core parameter monitoring, it sends basic reporting data to the connected edge gateway at the minimum reporting frequency; if the current transformer node is not responsible for core parameter monitoring, it sends the collected temperature, voltage, and current data to the connected edge gateway at a preset reporting frequency. Except for the data sent, other collected data is temporarily stored in the local memory of the current transformer node until the data exceeds a preset time limit or the remaining power of the current transformer node recovers to above the power threshold. The preset reporting frequency is lower than the minimum reporting frequency.

[0097] The above-mentioned unit modules can be embedded in the processor of the electronic device in hardware form or independent of it, or they can be stored in the memory of the electronic device in software form, so that the processor can call and execute the corresponding operations of the above modules.

[0098] This embodiment also provides an electronic device, which can be a terminal, and its internal structure diagram can be as follows: Figure 5As shown, the electronic device includes a processor, memory, communication interface, display screen, and input device connected via a system bus. The processor provides computing and control capabilities. The memory includes a non-volatile storage medium and internal memory. The non-volatile storage medium stores the operating system and computer programs. The internal memory provides an environment for the operation of the operating system and computer programs in the non-volatile storage medium. The communication interface is used for wired or wireless communication with external terminals; wireless communication can be achieved through Wi-Fi, carrier networks, NFC (Near Field Communication), or other technologies. When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements a data reporting method for a passive wireless high-reliability electronic current transformer. The display screen can be an LCD screen or an e-ink screen. The input device can be a touch layer covering the display screen, buttons, a trackball, or a touchpad on the device's casing, or an external keyboard, touchpad, or mouse.

[0099] This embodiment also provides a computer-readable storage medium on which a computer program is stored, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, it performs the following steps: Based on the deployment location of passive wireless high-reliability electronic instrument transformers in the power system, a three-layer communication architecture consisting of instrument transformers, edge gateways, and the cloud is established. The edge gateway is used to receive data sent by multiple instrument transformers. Based on whether the current transformer is equipped with an energy harvesting device, current transformers are divided into continuously powered current transformers and battery powered current transformers. Based on the historical operating data of the power system, identify the power equipment that needs to be monitored, and obtain all the current transformer nodes directly associated with each key monitored power equipment. For each key monitored power equipment, based on the data redundancy relationship between the transformer nodes, the transformer node responsible for core parameter monitoring is determined from the associated transformer nodes, and the remaining transformer nodes are designated as nodes for non-core parameter monitoring. Set a first power threshold, minimum reporting frequency, and basic reported data content for the current transformer nodes that undertake core parameter monitoring tasks, and set a second power threshold for nodes that do not undertake core parameter monitoring tasks. When the remaining power of a current transformer node is lower than the power threshold set for that current transformer node, if the current transformer node belongs to the current transformer node responsible for core parameter monitoring, the basic reporting data will be sent to the connected edge gateway at the minimum reporting frequency.

[0100] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

[0101] Although preferred embodiments of the invention have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments as well as all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the invention.

[0102] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this invention without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if these modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this invention and their equivalents, this invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A data reporting method for a passive wireless high-reliability electronic instrument transformer, characterized in that, include: Based on the deployment location of passive wireless high-reliability electronic instrument transformers in the power system, a three-layer communication architecture consisting of instrument transformers, edge gateways, and the cloud is established. The edge gateway is used to receive data sent by multiple instrument transformers. Based on whether the current transformer is equipped with an energy harvesting device, current transformers are divided into continuously powered current transformers and battery powered current transformers. Based on the historical operating data of the power system, identify the power equipment that needs to be monitored, and obtain all the current transformer nodes directly associated with each key monitored power equipment. For each key monitored power equipment, based on the data redundancy relationship between the transformer nodes, the transformer node responsible for core parameter monitoring is determined from the associated transformer nodes, and the remaining transformer nodes are designated as nodes for non-core parameter monitoring. Set a first power threshold, minimum reporting frequency, and basic reported data content for the current transformer nodes that undertake core parameter monitoring tasks, and set a second power threshold for nodes that do not undertake core parameter monitoring tasks. When the remaining power of a current transformer node is lower than the power threshold set for that current transformer node, if the current transformer node belongs to the current transformer node responsible for core parameter monitoring, the basic reporting data will be sent to the connected edge gateway at the minimum reporting frequency.

2. The data reporting method for a passive wireless high-reliability electronic instrument transformer as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: If the current transformer node is a non-core parameter monitoring task node, the collected temperature, voltage and current data will be sent to the connected edge gateway according to the preset reporting frequency. In addition to the data sent, other collected data are temporarily stored in the local memory of the current transformer node until the data exceeds the preset time limit or the remaining power of the current transformer node recovers to above the power threshold. The preset reporting frequency is lower than the minimum reporting frequency.

3. The data reporting method for a passive wireless high-reliability electronic instrument transformer as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The basic reported data includes the core electrical parameters collected by the current transformer node, the current transformer node's own status information, and timestamps. The core electrical parameters are determined based on the fault mechanisms of the key monitored power equipment; The collected temperature, voltage, and current data are encapsulated into communication protocol frames before being transmitted. A communication protocol frame consists of, in sequence, a frame start symbol, an address field, a frame start symbol, a control code, a data field length, a data field, a checksum, and a terminator.

4. The data reporting method for a passive wireless high-reliability electronic instrument transformer as described in claim 3, characterized in that, After startup, the mutual inductor node periodically sends connection requests to the connected edge gateway; The connection request includes the transformer number, heartbeat interval, session hold flag, will message subject, will message content, will message retention flag, will message service quality level, login username and login password; After receiving a connection request, the edge gateway returns a connection confirmation to the transformer node.

5. The data reporting method for a passive wireless high-reliability electronic instrument transformer as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The process of identifying key power equipment for monitoring includes: Acquire historical operating parameters, historical fault records, environmental condition data, and information on the installation location and data transmission quality of the power equipment and its associated instrument transformers; The acquired data is cleaned and time-aligned; The importance score of each power device is calculated based on multi-dimensional indicators, and power devices with an importance score higher than the preset standard are identified as key monitoring power devices.

6. The data reporting method for a passive wireless high-reliability electronic instrument transformer as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The process of determining the instrument transformer node responsible for monitoring core parameters based on data redundancy relationships includes: For each key monitored power device, identify the parameters that must be continuously monitored; If a certain parameter is collected by only one current transformer node, then that current transformer node is identified as the current transformer node responsible for monitoring the core parameter. If a certain parameter is collected by multiple instrument transformer nodes, then one or two instrument transformer nodes are selected as the instrument transformer nodes to undertake the core parameter monitoring task, depending on whether the instrument transformer nodes are installed in key parts of the power equipment body and the historical data transmission quality.

7. The data reporting method for a passive wireless high-reliability electronic instrument transformer as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The first and second power thresholds are set based on the power supply type of the current transformer; For battery-powered instrument transformers, the power threshold is also adjusted according to the temperature and humidity conditions of the environment in which the instrument transformer is located; The power threshold corresponding to the current transformer node that undertakes the core parameter monitoring task is higher than the power threshold corresponding to the non-core parameter monitoring task node.

8. A data reporting system for a passive wireless high-reliability electronic instrument transformer, using the method described in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, include: The architecture acquisition module is used to establish a three-layer communication architecture consisting of the instrument transformer, the edge gateway, and the cloud, based on the deployment location of the passive wireless high-reliability electronic instrument transformer in the power system. The edge gateway is used to receive data sent by multiple instrument transformers. The classification module is used to classify current transformers into continuously powered current transformers and battery powered current transformers based on whether they are equipped with energy harvesting devices. The node acquisition module is used to identify the power equipment that needs to be monitored based on the historical operating data of the power system, and to acquire all the current transformer nodes directly associated with each key monitored power equipment. For each key monitored power equipment, based on the data redundancy relationship between the transformer nodes, the transformer node responsible for core parameter monitoring is determined from the associated transformer nodes, and the remaining transformer nodes are designated as nodes for non-core parameter monitoring. The threshold acquisition module is used to set a first power threshold, minimum reporting frequency and basic reported data content for the current transformer nodes that undertake core parameter monitoring tasks, and to set a second power threshold for nodes that do not undertake core parameter monitoring tasks. The judgment operation module is used to send basic reporting data to the connected edge gateway at the minimum reporting frequency when the remaining power of the current transformer node is lower than the power threshold set for the current transformer node. If the current transformer node belongs to the current transformer node that undertakes the core parameter monitoring task, the module will be used to determine the operation. If the current transformer node is a non-core parameter monitoring task node, the collected temperature, voltage and current data will be sent to the connected edge gateway according to the preset reporting frequency. In addition to the data sent, other collected data are temporarily stored in the local memory of the current transformer node until the data exceeds the preset time limit or the remaining power of the current transformer node recovers to above the power threshold; the preset reporting frequency is lower than the minimum reporting frequency.

9. An electronic device comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, characterized in that, When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the steps of the data reporting method for a passive wireless high-reliability electronic instrument transformer according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the steps of the data reporting method for a passive wireless high-reliability electronic instrument transformer according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

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